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Abstract
In the course of urine-testing with Phenistix in a survey∗ of the inmates of remand homes, classifying schools and approved schools, only one positive result has been obtained from 2,300 boys and 541 girls tested so far in the London area. This was obtained with the urine of a boy who proved not to be Phenylketonuric, and further investigations were carried out in his case and with members of his family.
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Yahalom G, Anikster Y, Huna-Baron R, Hoffmann C, Blumkin L, Lev D, Tsabari R, Nitsan Z, Lerman SF, Ben-Zeev B, Pode-Shakked B, Sofer S, Schweiger A, Lerman-Sagie T, Hassin-Baer S. Costeff syndrome: clinical features and natural history. J Neurol 2014; 261:2275-82. [PMID: 25201222 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Costeff syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal-recessive neurological disorder, which is known almost exclusively in patients of Iraqi Jewish descent, manifesting in childhood with optic atrophy, ataxia, chorea and spastic paraparesis. Our aim was to study the clinical spectrum of CS and natural history using a cross-sectional study design. Consecutive patients with CS were recruited to the study. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical features, along with elevated urinary levels of methylglutaconic and methylglutaric acid, and by identification of the disease-causing mutation in the OPA3 gene in most. All patients were examined by a neurologist and signs and symptoms were rated. 28 patients with CS (16 males, 21 families, age at last observation 28.6 ± 16.1 years, range 0.5-68 years) were included. First signs of neurological deficit appeared in infancy or early childhood, with delayed motor milestones, choreiform movements, ataxia and visual disturbances. Ataxia and chorea were the dominant motor features in childhood, but varied in severity among patients and did not seem to worsen with age. Pyramidal dysfunction appeared later and progressed with age (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) leading to spastic paraparesis and marked gait impairment. The course of neurological deterioration was slow and the majority of patients could still walk beyond the fifth decade. While visual acuity seemed to deteriorate, it did not correlate with age. CS is a rare neurogenetic disorder that causes serious disability and worsens with age. Spasticity significantly increases over the years and is the most crucial determinant of neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Yahalom
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel,
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Wortmann SB, Duran M, Anikster Y, Barth PG, Sperl W, Zschocke J, Morava E, Wevers RA. Inborn errors of metabolism with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature: proper classification and nomenclature. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:923-8. [PMID: 23296368 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased urinary 3-methylglutaconic acid excretion is a relatively common finding in metabolic disorders, especially in mitochondrial disorders. In most cases 3-methylglutaconic acid is only slightly elevated and accompanied by other (disease specific) metabolites. There is, however, a group of disorders with significantly and consistently increased 3-methylglutaconic acid excretion, where the 3-methylglutaconic aciduria is a hallmark of the phenotype and the key to diagnosis. Until now these disorders were labelled by roman numbers (I-V) in the order of discovery regardless of pathomechanism. Especially, the so called "unspecified" 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV has been ever growing, leading to biochemical and clinical diagnostic confusion. Therefore, we propose the following pathomechanism based classification and a simplified diagnostic flow chart for these "inborn errors of metabolism with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature". One should distinguish between "primary 3-methylglutaconic aciduria" formerly known as type I (3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency, AUH defect) due to defective leucine catabolism and the--currently known--three groups of "secondary 3-methylglutaconic aciduria". The latter should be further classified and named by their defective protein or the historical name as follows: i) defective phospholipid remodelling (TAZ defect or Barth syndrome, SERAC1 defect or MEGDEL syndrome) and ii) mitochondrial membrane associated disorders (OPA3 defect or Costeff syndrome, DNAJC19 defect or DCMA syndrome, TMEM70 defect). The remaining patients with significant and consistent 3-methylglutaconic aciduria in whom the above mentioned syndromes have been excluded, should be referred to as "not otherwise specified (NOS) 3-MGA-uria" until elucidation of the underlying pathomechanism enables proper (possibly extended) classification.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/urine
- Barth Syndrome/diagnosis
- Barth Syndrome/genetics
- Barth Syndrome/urine
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/urine
- Cerebellar Ataxia/diagnosis
- Cerebellar Ataxia/genetics
- Cerebellar Ataxia/urine
- Chorea/diagnosis
- Chorea/genetics
- Chorea/urine
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Glutarates/urine
- Humans
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/classification
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/urine
- Optic Atrophy/diagnosis
- Optic Atrophy/genetics
- Optic Atrophy/urine
- Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/diagnosis
- Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/genetics
- Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary/urine
- Terminology as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia B Wortmann
- Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders at the Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Seaver LH, He XY, Abe K, Cowan T, Enns GM, Sweetman L, Philipp M, Lee S, Malik M, Yang SY. A novel mutation in the HSD17B10 gene of a 10-year-old boy with refractory epilepsy, choreoathetosis and learning disability. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27348. [PMID: 22132097 PMCID: PMC3222643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) is a mitochondrial multifunctional enzyme encoded by the HSD17B10 gene. Missense mutations in this gene result in HSD10 deficiency, whereas a silent mutation results in mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 10 (MRXS10). Here we report a novel missense mutation found in the HSD17B10 gene, namely c.194T>C transition (rs104886492), brought about by the loss of two forked methyl groups of valine 65 in the HSD10 active site. The affected boy, who possesses mutant HSD10 (p.V65A), has a neurological syndrome with metabolic derangements, choreoathetosis, refractory epilepsy and learning disability. He has no history of acute decompensation or metabolic acidosis whereas his urine organic acid profile, showing elevated levels of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and tiglylglycine, is characteristic of HSD10 deficiency. His HSD10 activity was much lower than the normal control level, with normal β-ketothiolase activity. The c.194T>C mutation in HSD17B10 can be identified by the restriction fragment polymorphism analysis, thereby facilitating the screening of this novel mutation in individuals with intellectual disability of unknown etiology and their family members much easier. The patient's mother is an asymptomatic carrier, and has a mixed ancestry (Hawaiian, Japanese and Chinese). This demonstrates that HSD10 deficiency patients are not confined to a particular ethnicity although previously reported cases were either Spanish or German descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie H. Seaver
- Hawai'i Community Genetics, Kapi'olani Medical Specialists, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Xue-Ying He
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Tina Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Sweetman
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manfred Philipp
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sansan Lee
- Hawai'i Community Genetics, Kapi'olani Medical Specialists, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Mazhar Malik
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ho G, Walter JH, Christodoulou J. Costeff optic atrophy syndrome: new clinical case and novel molecular findings. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 2:S419-23. [PMID: 18985435 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders, often coinciding with elevated levels of urinary 3-methylglutaric acid. Type I MGA is a disorder of leucine metabolism, while the biological basis for the MGA is unclear for the other types (MGA types II-V). MGA type III (Costeff optic atrophy syndrome, autosomal recessive optic atrophy-3 or optic atrophy plus syndrome, OMIM 258501) is distinguished by early bilateral optic atrophy, later-onset spasticity, extrapyramidal dysfunction, ataxia, and occasional cognitive deficits. It is caused by homozygous mutations in the optic atrophy 3 gene (OPA3). We present a case of a patient with MGA who has infantile-onset optic atrophy, ataxia, extrapyramidal movements and spasticity, but with normal intellect. Sequencing of the patient's DNA revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation c.415C>T (p.Q139X) in exon 2 of transcript 2 of the OPA3 gene, as well as a common silent polymorphism c.231T>C in the same exon. This is the first nonsense mutation found in OPA3. The molecular findings in OPA3 are also reviewed, including mutations in OPA3 that result in autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract (ADOAC). The recessive mode of inheritance of MGA type III as a result of the p.Q139X mutation is supported by the carrier status of the unaffected father.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ho
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Wiltshire
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
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van der Knaap MS, Jakobs C, Hoffmann GF, Nyhan WL, Renier WO, Smeitink JA, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Hjalmarson O, Vallance H, Sugita K, Bowe CM, Herrin JT, Craigen WJ, Buist NR, Brookfield DS, Chalmers RA. D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria: biochemical marker or clinical disease entity? Ann Neurol 1999; 45:111-9. [PMID: 9894884 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199901)45:1<111::aid-art17>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria has been observed in patients with extremely variable clinical symptoms, creating doubt about the existence of a disease entity related to the biochemical finding. An international survey of patients with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria was initiated to solve this issue. The clinical history, neuroimaging, and biochemical findings of 17 patients were studied. Ten of the patients had a severe early-infantile-onset encephalopathy characterized by epilepsy, hypotonia, cerebral visual failure, and little development. Five of these patients had a cardiomyopathy. In neuroimaging, all patients had a mild ventriculomegaly, often enlarged frontal subarachnoid spaces and subdural effusions, and always signs of delayed cerebral maturation. In all patients who underwent neuroimaging before 6 months, subependymal cysts over the head or corpus of the caudate nucleus were noted. Seven patients had a much milder and variable clinical picture, most often characterized by mental retardation, hypotonia, and macrocephaly, but sometimes no related clinical problems. Neuroimaging findings in 3 patients variably showed delayed cerebral maturation, ventriculomegaly, or subependymal cysts. Biochemical findings included elevations of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in both groups. Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid was elevated in almost all patients investigated. Urinary citric acid cycle intermediates were variably elevated. The conclusion of the study is that D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a distinct neurometabolic disorder with at least two phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brandt NJ. [Progressive choreo-athetosis with glutaric acid uria]. Ugeskr Laeger 1980; 142:583-4. [PMID: 6992375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Hochberg Z. Abnormal excretion of phenolic acids in rheumatic chorea. Isr J Med Sci 1979; 15:223-6. [PMID: 457373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sydenham's chorea can be successfully treated with haloperidol, an agent that is known to interfere with the binding of dopamine to its receptors. This suggests that dopamine and its metabolic end product, homovanillic acid (HVA), might be elevated in Sydenham's chorea. To test this hypothesis, the urine of three patients with the clinical diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea was analyzed for HVA and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). Urinary HVA and the HVA:VMA ratio were significantly higher in these three patients compared with seven control children. Urinary VMA was not different in these two groups. It is suggested that increased dopamine metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of Sydenham's chorea and that the determination of urinary HVA and the HVA:VMA ratio may be helpful in establishing this diagnosis. We report a case that demonstrates the use of urinary HVA determination in the diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea.
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Lenman JA, Turnbull MJ, Reid A, Fleming AM. Urinary monoamine metabolite excretion in disorders of movement. Effects of amantadine and levodopa. J Neurol Sci 1977; 32:219-25. [PMID: 874521 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(77)90237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the urinary excretion of 1,4-methylhistamine (1,4-MeHm), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in patients with Parkinson's disease, choreiform movements and essential tremor. The effect of amantadine on urinary excretion has been measured in each group of patients as well as the effect of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease. In patients with Parkinson's disease, excretion of 1,4-MeHm and HVA was significantly lower than in controls. Patients with choreiform movements had a reduced excretion of HVA but trends toward low levels of 1,4-MeHm and, in patients with Huntington's chorea, elevated excretion of 5-HIAA, were not significant. In patients with essential tremor, urinary excretion of the amine metabolities studied did nof differ significantly from controls. Administration of amantadine to patients with Parkinson's disease was not followed by increased excretion of monoamine metabolites except in those patients who were already receiving anticholinergic drugs. This increase is not significant and there was no effect in other groups of patients. These findings lend no support to the view that amantadine has a general amine-releasing action although there is limited evidence for such an effect in Parkinson's disease. In addition to the expected increase in HVA excretion, administration of levodopa to Parkinsonian patients was followed by significantly reduced excretion of 1,4-MeHm and 5-HIAA. However, if amantadine and levodopa were given together, excretion of 5-HIAA was still reduced, but that of 1,4-MeHm was normal. Levodopa may thus modify the turnover of histamine, which appears to be reduced in Parkinson's disease, and this effect may be modified by amantadine.
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Mirtovskaia VN, Vasiutinskaia AM. [The relationship between the character of the course of chorea minor and catecholamine excretion]. Vrach Delo 1971:112-114. [PMID: 5576553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Newcombe DS. The urinary excretion of aminoimidazolecarboxamide in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Pediatrics 1970; 46:508-12. [PMID: 5503686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Rinne UK, Sonninen V, Palo J. Excretion of homovanillic and vanilmandelic acid in patients with extrapyramidal disorders. Psychiatr Neurol (Basel) 1966; 151:321-7. [PMID: 5958638 DOI: 10.1159/000127310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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WILLIAMS CM, MAURY S, KIBLER RF. Normal excretion of homovanillic acid in the urine of patients with Huntington's chorea. J Neurochem 1961; 6:254-6. [PMID: 13785404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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