Anticomplement monoterpenoid glucosides from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa

Six new (1-6) and 19 known monoterpenoid glucosides were isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa. The monoterpenoid glucosides 1, 2, 7, 10-19, and 22 exhibited anticomplement effects with CH50 and AP50 values ranging from 0.14 to 2.67 mM and 0.25 to 3.67 mM, respectively. In a mechanistic study, suffrupaeoniflorin A (1) interacted with C1q, C3, C5, and C9, while galloylpaeoniflorin (12) and galloyloxypaeoniflorin (19) acted on C1q, C3, and C5 components in the complement activation cascade.

Isolation of the C9b fragment of human complement component C9 using urea in the absence of detergents

The bactericidal activity of the C5b-9 complex of complement is dependent upon the terminal complement component C9. The precursor C5b-8 complex is not harmful to bacterial cells until C9 is added to complete the C5b-9 complex. The C9 molecule can be proteolytically cleaved by thrombin to yield an intact, nicked molecule that remains fully functional when added to either bacterial cells or erythrocytes bearing pre-formed C5b-8 complexes. In investigating the membranolytic function of C9 in the C5b-9 complex, the carboxyl-terminal portion of the nicked molecule (C9b) has been shown to be membranolytic when added to erythrocytes, liposomes, or bacterial inner membranes in the absence of any other complement components. The isolation of C9b from nicked C9 has been accomplished by preparative gel electrophoresis using detergents, however the study of the activity of C9b in membrane systems may be complicated by the possible presence of residual detergent. To address this concern, we have used 4 M urea in conjunction with hydroxyapatite chromatography and a phosphate elution procedure to separate the domains of nicked C9. The isolated C9b domain, free of detergents and in the absence of any other complement components, was found to be membranolytic. C9b isolated in this manner was capable of lysing erythrocytes and inhibiting the growth of bacterial spheroplasts.

N-deglycosylation of human complement component C9 reduces its hemolytic activity

The effect of enzymatic deglycosylation of human complement component C9 on its hemolytic activity was investigated. Treatment of native C9 (Mr 71,000) with glyocpeptidase F (PNGase F) results in a stepwise decrease of the mol. wt. The formation of an Mr 67,000 peptide which is further converted to Mr 63,000 suggests that there are two N-linked carbohydrate chains per C9 polypeptide. Removal of approximately 88% of the N-linked oligosaccharides results in 80% reduction of the hemolytic activity (CH50). The completely N-deglycosylated Mr 63,000 peptide contains a remaining amount of 25% of the total carbohydrates of native C9. These glycans are assumed to be O-linked and predominantly attached to the C9a part of C9. The electrophoretic mobility of C9 is not affected by endoglycosidase F or H treatments revealing that the two N-linked glycans are of the tri- or tetra-antennary complex type. Cleavage of terminal sialic acids from native C9 by neuraminidase results in an Mr 67,000 product with nearly unaltered hemolytic activity. In contrast to other glycoproteins in which deglycosylation remained without major effects on their functional activity, our findings suggest that the N-linked carbohydrates are required for full expression of hemolytic activity of C9.