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Analysis of thermal characteristics of electrical wiring for load groups in cattle barns. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 53:505-510. [PMID: 26118855 PMCID: PMC4667040 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to analyze the thermal characteristics of electrical wirings depending on the number of operating load by connecting four types of electrical wirings that are selected by surveying the conditions for the electric fans, automatic waterers and halogen warm lamps that were installed in cattle barns in different years. The conditions of 64 cattle barns were surveyed and an experimental test was conducted at a cattle barn. The condition-survey covered inappropriate design, construction and misuse of electrical facility, including electrical wiring mostly used, and the mode of load current was evaluated. The survey showed that the mode of load current increased as the installation year of the fans, waterers and halogen lamps became older. Accordingly, the cattle barn manager needed to increase the capacity of the circuit breaker, which promoted the degradation of insulation of the electrical wires' sheath and increased possibility for electrical fires in the long-run. The test showed that the saturation temperature of the wire insulated sheath increased depending on the installation year of the load groups, in case of VCTFK and VFF electric wires, therefore, requiring their careful usage in the cattle barns.
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2
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Is your shore line overloaded? Always be alert for a warm cord: it's never OK. EMS WORLD 2015; 44:48-49. [PMID: 25804009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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3
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Ask George. Biomed Instrum Technol 2014; 48:245. [PMID: 25046496 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-48.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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4
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Don't get zapped by rule on extension cords, outlets. Biomed Instrum Technol 2014; 48:304-305. [PMID: 25046510 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-48.4.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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5
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A state indicator on regional scale for high-voltage power lines: defining a priority for in situ inspections. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2009; 137:223-226. [PMID: 19837683 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An integrated system to evaluate the magnetic field generated by power lines exposure has been developed using a specific simulation model (PLEIA-EMF). This is part of a software toolset, subjected to internal suitability verifications and in-field validations. A state indicator related to each span has been determined using the data extracted from digital cartography, the magnetic field calculated by PLEIA and the number of people living in the nearest buildings. In this way, it is possible to determine eventual criticalities in the considered area, focusing attention on those cases with more considerable exposure levels and involving a higher number of people. A campaign of inspections has been planned using PLEIA simulations. The reliability of stored technical data and the real population exposure levels have been evaluated in critical cases, individuated through the following described methodology. The procedures leading to the indicator determination and the modalities of in situ inspections are here presented.
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6
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Extension cords: satans or saviors. Biomed Instrum Technol 2009; 43:180. [PMID: 19480506 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-43.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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7
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Current thinking on testing protective grounding. Biomed Instrum Technol 2009; 43:147-150. [PMID: 19480485 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-43.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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8
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The basics of power cord specs. Biomed Instrum Technol 2007; 41:290-2. [PMID: 17849754 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205(2007)41[290:tbopcs]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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9
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Electrical hazard assessment: first step in meeting OSHA standards. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2007; 76:64, 66-8. [PMID: 17702236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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10
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Disposable Breathing Circuit Tubing as a Safety Sleeve. Anesth Analg 2006; 103:1055-6. [PMID: 17000850 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000239043.60949.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Supplying the power for medicine. MEDICAL DEVICE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:50-1. [PMID: 16736667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The specification of power supplies for medical applications needs to be approached with care. The check list here, which is designed to help the selection process, includes a look at the performance benefits of switch-mode circuitry.
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12
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Structured cabling for healthcare networks. HEALTH MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY 2006; 27:76-7, 80-1. [PMID: 16548392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of longer follow-up after implantation of cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), fatigue of the leads has become a concern. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical presentation of ICD lead failures. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population consisted of 241 patients with 249 ICD leads who underwent implantation of an ICD with a transvenous lead system. After device implantation, the patients were routinely followed up every 4 months. Five lead failures (2.0%) occurred as an oversensing of artifact during the follow-up period (2.6+/-2.1 years); 4 of those 5 patients received inappropriate shocks and 1 case of lead failure was identified in a patient with frequent episodes of non-sustained ventricular fibrillation. In particular, the right ventricular polyurethane transvenous lead in the Medtronic model 6936 failed in 4 (13%) of 31 cases. Percutaneous lead extraction was not available in all cases, so an additional ICD lead was inserted through the same site of the subclavian vein. CONCLUSIONS Lead failures may occur 5 years after ICD implantation and polyurethane leads have an especially high incidence of failure. However, there were no follow-up parameters observed that predicted lead failures.
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Verifying lockout/tagout electrically safe status. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2005; 74:80. [PMID: 16355593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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15
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Keeping electrical safety simple. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2005; 74:82, 84-5. [PMID: 16355594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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16
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Staying in control. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2004; 73:40, 42, 44. [PMID: 15497577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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17
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Equipotential earthing study: equipotential wiring is unnecessary. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2004; 27:151-4. [PMID: 15580845 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the ongoing need for Equipotential (EP) earthing as required in AS/NZS 3003, section 4.4.2. A total of 2279 earth points were tested in four clinical institutions in Body Protected areas (as defined in AS/NZS 3003). Each earth point was tested for potentials existing in the earthing in order to assess whether any potentials exceeded the 100 mV requirement of AS/NZS 3003 for EP earthing. The voltage measured was 1.21 mV +/- 3.59 mV, (mean +/- standard deviation (SD)), with a of 99 % confidence interval between 1.0 mV and 1.4 mV. This study suggests that the requirements for EP earthing in section 4.4.2 of AS/NZS 3003 are unnecessary. It is further suggested that Standards Australia review these requirements with the view of withdrawing them from the Standard.
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Importance of addressing National Electrical Code violations that result in unusual exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2004; 25:102-6. [PMID: 14735559 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated wiring in multifamily developments containing National Electrical Code(R) (NEC(R)) violations as a source of unusual exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Two methods were used in this evaluation: measurement and modeling. We measured the building wiring as a source of magnetic fields in six multifamily developments in Michigan. In this small sample, building wiring proved to be an important source of exposure in four of the six cases. In all four cases with exposure from building wiring, one or more NEC violations were involved. To supplement our measurement efforts, we used computer modeling to compare magnetic field exposure due to building wiring with magnetic field exposure from external power lines. Our calculations showed that where the building wiring has a NEC violation leading to net current loops, the exposure due to wiring is likely to be more important than that from external power lines. Our results support the results obtained in a recent study of the exposure of Californian K-12 students to magnetic fields, where building wiring with one or more NEC violation was found to be the single most important exposure source. If 60 Hz magnetic fields are important to avoid, then improved enforcement of the NEC, as required by law, is perhaps the single most important mitigation policy to adopt. Bioelectromagnetics 25:102-106, 2004.
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Implications of the National Electric Code on network installations. Biomed Instrum Technol 2002; 36:283-6. [PMID: 12162115 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205(2002)36[283:iotnec]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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20
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Study of high- and low-current-configuration homes from the 1988 Denver Childhood Cancer Study. Bioelectromagnetics 2002; 23:177-88. [PMID: 11891747 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological study conducted by Savitz et al. reported that residential wire codes were more strongly associated with childhood cancer than were measured magnetic fields, a peculiar result because wire codes were originally developed to be a surrogate for residential magnetic fields. The primary purpose of the study reported here, known as the Back to Denver (BTD) study, was to obtain data to help in the interpretation of the original results of Savitz et al. The BTD study included 81 homes that had been occupied by case and control subjects of Savitz et al., stratified by wire code as follows: 18 high current configuration (HCC) case homes; 20 HCC control homes; 20 low current configuration (LCC) case homes; and 23 LCC control homes. Analysis of new data acquired in these homes led to the following previously unpublished conclusions. The home-averaged (i.e., mean of fields measured in subjects' bedrooms, family/living rooms, and rooms where meals normally eaten) spot 60 Hz, 180 Hz, and harmonic (i.e., 60-420 Hz) magnetic fields were associated with wire codes. The 180 Hz and harmonic components, but not the 60 Hz component, were associated with case/control status. Measured static magnetic fields were only weakly correlated (rapproximately 0.2) between rooms in homes. The BTD data provide little support for, but are too sparse to definitively test, the 1995 resonance hypothesis proposed by Bowman et al. Case and control homes had similar concentrations of copper in their tap water. Copper concentration was not associated with wire codes nor with the level of electric current carried by a home's water pipe. These results of the BTD study suggest that future case/control studies investigating power frequency magnetic fields might wish to include measurements of 180 Hz or harmonic magnetic fields in order to examine their associations (if any) with disease status.
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21
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Shocking truth! Important advice on preventing electrical hazards in hospitals. HEALTH FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 2001; 14:18-20. [PMID: 11570348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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22
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Construction safety. High-wire safety. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2001; 70:67-8. [PMID: 11523289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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23
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Monday morning blues. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2001; 70:54, 56. [PMID: 11523286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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24
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Calibration and other GFCI issues. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2001; 70:10. [PMID: 11381645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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25
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A very low cost hospital electrical safety testing device used in north India. Trop Doct 2001; 31:91-2. [PMID: 11321282 DOI: 10.1177/004947550103100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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The contribution of local distribution substations and associated area distribution system to personal exposure to power frequency magnetic fields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2000; 10:285-290. [PMID: 11260777 DOI: 10.1080/09603120020011474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies has shown a significant correlation between wire coding, magnetic fields and childhood cancer, although a more recent study has not [McBride et al. (1999) Am. J. Epidemiol. 149 (9), 831-842]. In the UK there is currently no equivalent to wire-codes and there is some uncertainty about the extent to which the UK medium-voltage electricity distribution systems contribute to personal exposure and how this compares with US overhead supply systems. Studies on four different area types were carried out to measure magnetic field intensities from typical electricity supply utility substations and cabling in the vicinity of domestic housing. Typically at distances of two metres from the substations mean magnetic field intensities were 20 nano teslas (nT) or less, increasing to 0.98 microT or less at the closest public access point. The mean magnetic field exposure level sampled around the four main test areas varied between 0.012 and 0.27 microT increasing to 0.30-0.80 microT at road junctions.
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Why GFCIs fail. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (WACO, TEX.) 2000; 69:72-4. [PMID: 11098481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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FDA's performance standard for electrode lead wires and patient cables. HEALTHCARE HAZARD MANAGEMENT MONITOR : HHMM : THE NEWSLETTER OF THE CENTER FOR HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2000; 14:4-5. [PMID: 11187245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
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Abstract
Recent interest in the transient magnetic field events produced by electrical switching events in residential and occupational environments has been kindled by the possibility that these fields may explain observed associations between childhood cancer and wire codes. This paper reports the results of a study in which the rate of occurrence of magnetic field events with 2-200 kHz frequency content were measured over 24 h or longer periods in 156 U.S. residences. A dual-channel meter was developed for the study that, during 20 s contiguous intervals of time, counted the number of events with peak 2-200 kHz magnetic fields exceeding thresholds of 3. 3 nT and 33 nT. Transient activity exhibited a distinct diurnal rhythm similar to that followed by power frequency magnetic fields in residences. Homes that were electrically grounded to a conductive water system that extended into the street and beyond, had higher levels of 33 nT channel transient activity. Homes located in rural surroundings had less 33 nT transient activity than homes in suburban/urban areas. Finally, while transient activity was perhaps somewhat elevated in homes with OLCC, OHCC, and VHCC wire codes relative to homes with underground (UG) and VLCC codes, the elevation was the smallest in VHCC and the largest in OLCC homes. This result does not provide much support for the hypothesis that transient magnetic fields are the underlying exposure that explains the associations, observed in several epidemiologic studies, between childhood cancer and residence in homes with VHCC, but not OLCC and OHCC, wire codes.
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Do confounding or selection factors of residential wiring codes and magnetic fields distort findings of electromagnetic fields studies? Epidemiology 2000; 11:189-98. [PMID: 11021619 DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200003000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In contrast with several previous studies, our recent large case-control study found little association between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and electric-power-line wire codes. Here we examine internal evidence from our study to assess the possibility that selection bias and/or confounding may have affected the findings. We compared the relation between childhood ALL and wire codes and direct measurements of magnetic fields in subjects who participated in all phases of the study with the relation in all subjects, including those who declined to allow access inside the home. We found that the odds ratio for ALL among those living in homes with very high current configurations increased by 23% when 107 "partial participants" were excluded. We found similar, but slightly smaller, increases in the odds ratios when we performed the same comparisons using direct measurements of magnetic fields, excluding subjects who allowed only a measurement outside the front door. "Partial participants" tended to be characterized by lower socioeconomic status than subjects who participated fully, suggesting possible selection bias. We also examined the relation between a large number of potential confounding variables and both proxy and direct measurements of magnetic fields. Univariate adjustment for individual variables changed the odds ratio for ALL by less than 8%, while simultaneous adjustment for several factors reduced the estimate by a maximum of 15%. We conclude that while confounding alone is unlikely to be an important source of bias in our own and previous studies of magnetic fields, selection bias may be more of a concern, particularly in light of the generally low response rates among controls in case-control studies.
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31
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[Dampness in an electric plug as a cause of electricity failure in an operation theatre]. Ugeskr Laeger 2000; 162:799-800. [PMID: 10689957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of electricity failure in an operation theatre during open heart surgery are discussed. The fuse for the patient monitor, ventilator, surgery instruments and heart lung machine was blown. Short-circuit was established because of humidity in the plug of the heater for fluid and blood. We recommend sealed or founded plugs and that anaesthesia equipment should not be used as an electrical supply for other electronic apparatus.
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Special sockets for special locations? An approach to Section 607 BS 7671 1992 (AMD 9871). HEALTH ESTATE 1999; 53:8-10. [PMID: 10661999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Controlling the ergonomic hazards of wiring tasks for household appliances. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. APPLIED OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 1999; 14:289-91. [PMID: 10446480 DOI: 10.1080/104732299302855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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All fired up--receptacle testing rule sparks debate. HEALTH FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 1998; 11:36. [PMID: 10175834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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Abstract
Epidemiologic evaluation of the relation between magnetic field exposures and cancer depends critically on study design, particularly the methods used for exposure assessment. We incorporated a complex magnetic field exposure assessment protocol into a large incident case-control study of childhood leukemia. We measured residential magnetic fields using a standard protocol in current and former homes of 638 cases and 620 controls and determined wire codes for 414 case-control pairs. We chose a time-weighted average of magnetic field measurements in each eligible home, weighted by the time the subject lived in each home as the main exposure metric for each subject. We found that 24-hour bedroom magnetic field measurements adequately characterize children's residential exposure and that measuring other rooms contributes only slightly to the estimate of average residential exposure to magnetic fields. Front door measured fields provide useful exposure information when interior measurements are missing. If feasible, measuring multiple homes in which the subject has resided is preferable to measuring a single home. A similar distribution of wire codes for controls agreeing or refusing to participate in our study implies that risk estimates derived from wire code data will not be influenced by response bias.
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Enterprise networking grows up. The intelligent building gets a new nervous system. HEALTH FACILITIES MANAGEMENT 1997; 10:36-8, 40-1. [PMID: 10167868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Thermal imaging for electrical distribution systems. HEALTH ESTATE JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HOSPITAL ENGINEERING 1997; 51:11-2, 14. [PMID: 10169406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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38
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Electricity-related deaths on lakes--Oklahoma, 1989-1993. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 1996; 45:440-2. [PMID: 8618544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Drowning accounts for approximately 4200 deaths each year in the United States. Although electricity is documented infrequently as a cause of such fatalities, contact with electricity can result in death through temporary paralysis and drowning of persons who are swimming or wading, or through electrocution. From June 1989 through September 1993, five persons died on lakes in Oklahoma following contact or suspected contact with electrical currents. Four deaths occurred at two adjoining lakes in northeastern Oklahoma (lake A), and one at a lake in the southern part of the state (lake B). The five deaths occurred among males aged 13-50 years who were either swimming, working on or near docks, or working with electricity when they sustained fatal injuries. This report summarizes the investigation of these deaths by medical examiners (MEs) and the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH).
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Health risks of electric and magnetic fields caused by high-voltage systems in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 1996; 22:85-93. [PMID: 8738885 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Health risks of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) in the generation and transmission of electric power were investigated in a program comprising nine separate projects. The central objectives were to assess the practical importance of electric and magnetic field exposure as a health risk, to produce data applicable to field management measures at a major power company, and to support and spur research activities on electric and magnetic fields as environmental agents. Electric and magnetic fields seemed to be weak environmental factors, but the findings were uncertain and controversial as to the health risks except that, electric field strengths (about 1.5 kV.m-1) found even in the vicinity of 110 kV power lines may cause interference with cardiac pacemakers. There is still a need, however, for further basic research focused on the interaction mechanisms of electric and magnetic fields and biological tissue.
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Structured cabling: foundations for the future. HEALTHCARE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT : JOURNAL OF THE HEALTHCARE INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS SOCIETY OF THE AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION 1996; 10:59-77. [PMID: 10163975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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41
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Medical equipment electrical safety. HEALTHCARE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT : HHMM 1995; 9:1-5. [PMID: 10154347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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42
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Use of an uninterruptible power supply in a molecular biology laboratory. Biotechniques 1995; 19:900-01. [PMID: 8747652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Electrical installations in 'medical locations'. HEALTH ESTATE JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HOSPITAL ENGINEERING 1995; 49:6-8. [PMID: 10153285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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44
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Proposed FDA "unsafe" lead wire ban could affect many medical devices. HOSPITAL TECHNOLOGY SERIES 1995; 14:12-4. [PMID: 10144657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Fire resistant cables. HEALTH ESTATE JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF HOSPITAL ENGINEERING 1995; 49:9-10. [PMID: 10143811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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46
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Fiberoptic phototherapy systems. HEALTH DEVICES 1995; 24:132-53. [PMID: 7615390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), about 60% of all newborns in the United States each year are diagnosed with jaundice, a major symptom of hyperbilirubinemia. Even though only a small percentage of these infants will have bilirubin levels that, according to the current AAP practice parameters, are high enough to require treatment, many of these infants will be treated with phototherapy (past research has associated very high bilirubin levels with brain damage). Because jaundice is unlikely to be noticed within the typical 24-hour period before discharge from the hospital, a phototherapy device that is convenient and safe for use in the home, as well as in the hospital, is desirable. In the following study, we address the performance, safety, and convenience of three fiberoptic phototherapy systems (which consist of pads and light sources), from three manufacturers, that can be used in either a hospital or the home. We also assess the advantages and disadvantages of this technology compared with those of the conventional overhead phototherapy lamps that are still commonly used. Two systems are rated Acceptable based on their light performance and are ranked equally; one system is rated Acceptable--Not Recommended because it does not provide the typical power levels obtainable with either of the other two evaluated fiberoptic systems or conventional overhead lamps. Readers are cautioned not to base purchasing or use decisions on our ratings alone, but on a thorough understanding of the issues surrounding fiberoptic phototherapy systems, which can be gained by reading this issue in its entirety. Also see the Clinical Perspective, "Hyperbilirubinemia--When and How to Treat?," for pertinent clinical background information; the supplementary articles "Uses and Limitations of Radiometers" and "Uniformity of Light" for additional technical background information; and the supplementary article "Operating Costs of Phototherapy Devices" for additional purchasing information.
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Preventing medical device-related accidents: what the experts advise. HOSPITAL SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1994; 14:1-4. [PMID: 10135733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Development and evaluation of a location-specific wire code. Bioelectromagnetics 1994; 15:337-47. [PMID: 7980662 DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of a wire code protocol based on a study of electrical installations in Melbourne, Australia, is described. Because of very significant differences between the Melbourne power distribution system and that used in Denver, Colorado, an approach different from that used by Wertheimer and Leeper was required. A combined practical and theoretical approach was used to determine a continuous exposure index, defined as a measure of the potential for exposure due to external electrical installations. The protocol was tested on a convenient sample of 41 homes in which the field was monitored over a 12 hour overnight period. A correlation of 0.85 (95% CI 0.74-0.92, P < .0001) was obtained between the measured time-weighted average and the wire coding exposure index. To assess the efficacy of the wiring configuration index, a computer simulation of a case-control study was then performed. It was concluded that, using the same basic reasoning of the Wertheimer and Leeper code, it is possible to develop a location-specific code that provides a good correlation with the residential time-weighted average and an acceptable degree of exposure misclassification.
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Electrical standards compendium. HEALTHCARE FACILITIES MANAGEMENT SERIES 1993:1-50. [PMID: 10132469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this compendium is to assist ASHE members in determining which electrical safety requirements pertain to their hospitals. Relevant requirements in consensus standards on hospital electrical safety are summarized in annotated form. The requirements contained in the different standards are grouped by area of the hospital and by topic.
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Electrical shocks from respirators. HOSPITAL SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1993; 14:9-10. [PMID: 10129700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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