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Matsuura T, Sato M, Nagai K, Sato T, Arito M, Omoteyama K, Suematsu N, Okamoto K, Kato T, Soma Y, Kurokawa MS. Serum peptides as putative modulators of inflammation in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:36-49. [PMID: 28431948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a refractory inflammatory disease, however, its pathophysiology is still not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We tried to identify novel serum peptides associated with the pathophysiology of psoriasis. METHODS Serum peptides from 24 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV), 10 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 14 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and 23 healthy control (HC) subjects were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The effects of some peptides on the secretion of humoral factors from dermal cells were investigated by cytokine arrays and ELISAs. RESULTS A total of 93 peptides were detected. 24, 20, 23, and 2 peptides showed at least 1.2-fold difference in ion intensity between the psoriasis (PV+PsA) and HC groups, between the PV+PsA and AD groups, between the PV and PsA groups, and between patients with severe-to-moderate PV (n=6) and those with mild PV (n=18), respectively (p<0.05). 13 out of 27 peptides that showed at least 1.5-fold ion intensity difference in the abovementioned 4 comparisons were identified. The parent proteins of the identified peptides included a coagulation factor, proteins involved in the maintenance of skin, and a protein relating to cytoskeleton. We focused on 2 peptides that were increased in the PV+PsA group: a fibrinogen α chain-derived peptide (1462m/z), the unmodified form of which was fibrinopeptide A-des-alanine (FPAdA), and a filaggrin (FLG)-derived peptide (1977m/z), a modified form of FLG2099-2118 (Q2099pE, Q2115E; FLG-pEE). FPAdA stimulation increased the secretion of GROα from dermal microvascular endothelial cells (dMVECs) and decreased the secretion of lipocalin-2 from keratinocytes in comparison to FPAdA-resequenced peptide stimulation (GROα, 280.9±7.3pg/mL vs. 229.6±5.0pg/mL, p<0.001; lipocalin-2, 273±13pg/mL vs. 350±10pg/mL, p<0.01). Interestingly, FLG-pEE stimulation decreased the secretion of GROα, IL-8, and MCP-1 from dMVECs in comparison to FLG-derived control peptide stimulation (GROα, 844.3±47.5pg/mL vs. 1038.5±96.9pg/mL, p<0.05; IL-8, 2240.1±172.6pg/mL vs. 3221.8±523.7pg/mL, p<0.05; MCP-1, 4057.8±157.2pg/mL vs. 4619.1±213.4pg/mL, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that some serum peptides are involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, regulating the secretion of inflammatory chemokines and an antimicrobial protein. The modulation of serum peptides may be a potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Matsuura
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kouhei Nagai
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Arito
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Omoteyama
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoya Suematsu
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Soma
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Manae S Kurokawa
- Disease Biomarker Analysis and Molecular Regulation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Riabov GA, Pasechnik IN, Azizov IM. [Role of fibrinopeptide A and D-dimer in diagnostics of hemostasis disorders]. Anesteziol Reanimatol 2003:69-74. [PMID: 12696462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Shainoff
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
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Speidel CM, Thornton JD, Meng YY, Eisenberg PR, Edgington TS, Abendschein DR. Procoagulant activity on injured arteries and associated thrombi is mediated primarily by the complex of tissue factor and factor VIIa. Coron Artery Dis 1996; 7:57-62. [PMID: 8773434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rethrombosis limits the efficacy of coronary thrombolysis and may result from surface-associated thrombin, de-novo prothrombin activation, or both. This study was designed to determine the relative roles of thrombin, factor Xa, and the complex of tissue factor and factor VIIa in the procoagulant activity on injured arteries with evolving thrombi. METHODS Extensive vascular injury and platelet-rich thrombi were induced in the abdominal aorta of 25 anesthetized rabbits by applying anodal current through a transluminal electrode for 3 h. Injured vessel segments were excised and placed in a chamber permitting perfusion over the luminal surface and associated thrombus. RESULTS Vessel segments perfused with recalcified, citrated human plasma induced marked increases in the concentration of fibrinopeptide A, a marker of thrombin-induced fibrin formation, in the effluent plasma after 10 min (4636 +/- 1894% of fibrinopeptide A in the nonperfused plasma, n = 5). Perfusion with plasma depleted of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors prevented the increase in fibrinopeptide A (122 +/- 30%, n = 4), indicating the lack of preformed functional thrombin. Furthermore, appearance of fibrinopeptide A was attenuated by perfusion with plasma containing 0.1 mumol/l recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide, a specific inhibitor of factor Xa (594 +/- 320%, n = 3), and by preincubation of vessel segments with a monoclonal antibody to rabbit tissue factor (438 +/- 220%, n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Procoagulant activity on injured vessels and associated thrombi is mediated by factor Xa, a product of the functional initiation of coagulation by factor VIIa associated with tissue factor. Accordingly, inhibition of tissue factor-mediated coagulation may be effective for attenuation of active thrombogenesis on injured vessels and during thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Speidel
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Biedermann B, Rosenmund A, Muller M, Kohler HP, Haeberli A, Straub PW. Human endothelial cells suppress prothrombin activation in nonanticoagulated whole blood in vitro. J Lab Clin Med 1994; 124:339-47. [PMID: 8083577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human endothelial cells cultivated on polystyrene microcarrier beads were used to study endothelial anticoagulant activity in vitro. Spontaneous whole blood coagulation was inhibited by endothelial cells on microcarriers at a surface to volume ratio of 16 cm2/ml blood. Thrombin activity generated in nonanticoagulated whole blood during 1 hour and assessed by its fibrinogen clotting effect was reduced by 87% in the presence of endothelial cells. Consistent with this observation, prothrombin fragment1+2, fibrinopeptide A, and thrombin-antithrombin III-complex release during the same period of time were inhibited by 81%, 47%, and 88%, respectively. Immunoblotting analysis of cell-free supernatants derived from the same samples demonstrated that prothrombin activation was strongly suppressed in the presence of endothelial cells. Furthermore, the incubation of nonanticoagulated whole blood with endothelialized beads for only 5 minutes after venipuncture was sufficient to prevent subsequent prothrombin activation in the cell-free supernatants of the same whole blood sample after centrifugation. These findings suggest that interruption of the coagulation cascade is probably one major mechanism of endothelial anticoagulant activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Biedermann
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland
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Slaughter TF, LeBleu TH, Douglas JM, Leslie JB, Parker JK, Greenberg CS. Characterization of prothrombin activation during cardiac surgery by hemostatic molecular markers. Anesthesiology 1994; 80:520-6. [PMID: 8141448 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199403000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothrombin activation represents the key regulatory step in the hemostatic process. Once formed, thrombin contributes to the generation of fibrin as well as the activation of platelets and fibrinolysis. Failure to suppress thrombin formation during cardiac surgery could result in disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis in the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to determine the time course for prothrombin activation during the perioperative period associated with cardiac surgery. METHODS We measured prothrombin activation during the perioperative period in 19 adult patients undergoing primary cardiac surgery using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of thrombin formation (prothrombin fragment 1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin III complex) and thrombin activity (fibrinopeptide A and fibrin monomer). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively; at 30-min intervals during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); and 1, 3, and 20 h after completion of CPB. RESULTS Despite anticoagulation with heparin, plasma concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, and fibrin monomer increased throughout CPB. Peak concentrations for all hemostatic markers occurred in the samples obtained 3 h after completion of CPB. By the morning after surgery, plasma prothrombin fragment 1.2 returned to preoperative concentrations; however, fibrinopeptide A and fibrin monomer concentrations remained significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly demonstrate the occurrence of prothrombin activation and thrombin activity during CPB despite heparin concentrations adequate to maintain the activated clotting time greater than 400 s. Hemostatic markers for the activation of prothrombin demonstrated peak concentrations 3 h after completion of CPB with a return to baseline concentrations by the morning after surgery. Markers for thrombin activity, however, suggest the presence of active thrombin through the morning after surgery. Further investigations will be necessary to determine the role of hemostatic activation in thrombotic complications after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Slaughter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Nagata H, Amano A, Hanioka T, Tamagawa H, Shizukuishi S, Miyata T. Inhibition of coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis by fibrinogen fragments. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 114:31-6. [PMID: 8293957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The localization of regions of fibrinogen that inhibit coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis was investigated. The coaggregation was inhibited by A alpha and gamma chains, but not by B beta chain. The inhibitory activity of fragment D was more potent than that of fragment E. Some cyanogen bromide-treated fragments isolated from A alpha and gamma chains including the NH2-terminal 148-207 amino acid residues of A alpha chain (A alpha 148-207) and gamma 1-78 showed inhibitory activities. A alpha 148-207 was further digested with lysyl endopeptidase. A alpha 158-176 and A alpha 192-206 which contained four and two arginine residues, respectively, retained the inhibitory activities. When the arginine residues of these two peptides were modified by phenylglyoxal, the inhibitory activities were much reduced. These findings suggest that the arginine residues of some specific regions of fibrinogen may play an important role in the inhibition of the coaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan
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Wojtecka-Lukasik E, Maśliński S. Fibronectin and fibrinogen degradation products stimulate PMN-leukocyte and mast cell degranulation. J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 43:173-81. [PMID: 1382726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of various peptides cleaved by plasmin from human fibrinogen and fibronectin or fibrinogen- and fibronectin- related synthetic peptides to induce histamine release from mast cells and collagenase and elastase from PMN-leukocytes was examined. Low molecular weight fibrinogen degradation products showed dose dependent secretion of collagenase. These peptides (mol. wt. 1.4 kD) at the concentration of 10(-5) M released about 47% of collagenase and 13% of elastase. Synthetic fibrinopeptides A and B had a similar strong collagenase releasing potency and also released histamine from mast cells. Peptides from plasmin digestion of fibronectin containing cell attachment site with sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and also synthetic peptide reproducing this amino-acid sequence at the concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml released about 50% of collagenase and 55% of elastase from PMN-leukocytes. Moreover peptides containing cell attachment and gelatin binding site induced histamine release from mast cells. The association of fibrinogen and fibronectin degradation with activation of mast cells may motivate the treatment with antihistaminic drugs of all pathological conditions where the intensive protein degradation takes place.
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Byshevskiĭ AS, Chiriat'ev EA, Leonova OP. [Endogenous peptides--physiological regulators of coagulative conversion of fibrinogen]. Gematol Transfuziol 1991; 36:28-31. [PMID: 2065963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Panchenko EP, Averkov OV, Dobrovol'skiĭ AB, Zateĭshchikov DA, Storozhilova AN, Ignashenkova GV, Gratsianskiĭ NA. [Signs of thrombin formation in venous occlusion in patients with ischemic heart disease and the role of the protein C activation system in its utilization]. Kardiologiia 1991; 31:10-3. [PMID: 1908538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of fibrin peptide A were found in venous occlusion only in the patients unconsuming C protein, which indicates that there is a relationship between the thrombin production processes during venous occlusion and the C protein system functioning, the anticoagulant function of the endothelium in particular. Moreover, this makes it possible to employ the standard venous occlusion test to make an integral assessment of endothelial function.
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Abstract
The development of atherosclerotic lesions involves many cell types, including macrophages. Fibrinopeptide B (FPB) has been shown to be a potent chemotactic agent for macrophages, which are abundant as intimal foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions, especially in cholesterol-fed rabbits. We hypothesize that intimal low-density lipoproteins also cause fibrinogen in the intima to release FPB and that FPB attracts macrophages in response to the high lipid levels associated with lesion development. To test our hypothesis, we used an atherosclerotic model. Silk sutures containing either FPB, fibrinopeptide A (FPA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or saline control were prepared. One suture of each type was placed in the adventitia of the femoral artery of a rabbit. Animals were killed at 1 or 2 weeks. Only vessels exposed to either FPB or LPS showed significant intimal thickening in the region adjacent to the suture site. Semi-thin electron microscopic sections indicated that the intimal wall was highly cellular and that many cells contained lipid vacuoles after 2 weeks. These sections also showed that the endothelium remained intact and that no injury to the media of the artery had occurred. Electron microscopy of the tissue samples showed the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and deposition of extracellular matrix in the 2-week animals, whereas foam cells were present in the 1-week animals. We conclude that FPB does indeed attract macrophages to the intima and that these macrophages may become foam cells. The model we have developed can be used to study possible mechanisms for the entry of macrophages into the intima during early lesion development and to further understand the complex interactions of FPB, fibrinogen, and lipids in atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Hospitals, Illinois 60637
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Gray AJ, Reeves JT, Harrison NK, Winlove P, Laurent GJ. Growth factors for human fibroblasts in the solute remaining after clot formation. J Cell Sci 1990; 96 ( Pt 2):271-4. [PMID: 2211868 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.96.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts adhere to, and readily grow into, fibrin clots that form as a result of the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin. Subsequent fibroblast replication is believed to be stimulated by mitogens released by entrapped platelets, such as platelet-derived growth factor. We suggest that the supernatant remaining after the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction could stimulate fibroblast replication, even in the absence of other blood components. To examine this hypothesis we expressed liquid from a fibrin clot and measured its mitogenic activity on human lung fibroblasts, in serum-free conditions, using a colorimetric assay based on uptake and subsequent release of Methylene Blue. The clot supernatant caused a mitogenic response of 51 +/− 6% above control and was equivalent to about half that elicited by medium containing 10% newborn calf serum. On their own, both thrombin and fibrinopeptides A and B (small molecular weight cleavage products released from fibrinogen) showed some mitogenic activity, but there was also activity in higher molecular weight cleavage products, suggesting the presence of uncharacterized mitogens. It is proposed that these agents may play important roles in wound healing and diseases associated with vascular leakage and fibrosis, by stimulating fibroblast replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Gray
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University of London, UK
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Gurrieri MA. [Thrombin-fibrinogen interaction: release of fibrinopeptides and the effects of ATP]. Medicina (Firenze) 1990; 10:51-2. [PMID: 2381284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study presents experimental data on the time dependence of the release of fibrinopeptides A and B following the interaction between thrombin and fibrinogen. It is found that the release of fibrinopeptide A is fast as compared to that of fibrinopeptide B. This process is modulated by ATP in a complex fashion. In fact, the release of fibrinopeptide A is first enhanced at low (less than 1 mM) ATP concentrations and then progressively inhibited at ATP concentrations greater than 1 mM. These results draw attention to a possible model for the in vivo modulation of thrombin activity by ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gurrieri
- Semeiotica Medica, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore
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Siebenlist KR, Prchal JT, Mosesson MW. Fibrinogen Birmingham: a heterozygous dysfibrinogenemia (A alpha 16 Arg----His) containing heterodimeric molecules. Blood 1988; 71:613-8. [PMID: 3345340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen was isolated from the plasma of a 25-year-old female with a history of mild bleeding and several recent moderate to severe hemorrhagic episodes. Coagulability with thrombin approached 100% and varied directly with the time of incubation with the enzyme. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of thrombin-induced fibrinopeptide release demonstrated retarded fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and fibrinopeptide B (FPB) release and the presence of an abnormal A peptide (FPA) amounting to 50% of the total. The same biochemical abnormalities were found in her asymptomatic father. Amino acid analysis and carboxypeptidase digestion of FPA demonstrated the substitution of His for Arg at A alpha 16. In contrast to the thrombin- and reptilase-sensitive Arg-Gly bond in the normal A alpha chain, the abnormal A alpha chain (A alpha) sequence is resistant to reptilase attack but is slowly cleaved by thrombin. To evaluate whether Birmingham A alpha and A alpha chains had been assembled nonselectively into heterodimeric (ie, 50% A alpha, A alpha) and homodimeric (ie, 25% A alpha, A alpha; 25% A alpha, A alpha) species, the clot and the clot liquor resulting from reptilase treatment of normal or Birmingham fibrinogen were separated, and each was then further incubated with thrombin to release remaining fibrinopeptides. Assuming that fibrinogen Birmingham contained heterodimeric molecules and that these and the normal molecules were completely incorporated into a reptilase clot, the expected coagulability would be 75%. In addition, subsequent thrombin treatment of the reptilase clot would release 50% of the total FPA and 75% of the total FPB present in the original sample. On the other hand, if only homodimeric fibrinogen species (50% A alpha, A alpha; 50% A alpha, A alpha) existed, the maximum reptilase coagulability would be 50%, and after thrombin treatment, 50% of the total FPB and no FPA would be recovered from the reptilase clot. We found the propositus's fibrinogen to be 68% coagulable, and we recovered 45% of the FPA and 70% of the FPB from the reptilase clot. Essentially the same coagulability and distribution of fibrinopeptides was found in the reptilase clot from her father's fibrinogen. We therefore conclude that fibrinogen Birmingham contains heterodimeric species (A alpha, A alpha) amounting to approximately 50% of the circulating fibrinogen molecules. The existence of heterodimers is consistent with a nonselective intracellular process of constituent chain assembly of dimeric plasma fibrinogen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Siebenlist
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee 53233
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Abstract
Addition of fibrinogen to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture resulted in release of von Willebrand factor (vWf) from Weibel-Palade bodies that was temporally related to formation of fibrin in the medium. Whereas no release occurred before gelation, the formation of fibrin was associated with disappearance of Weibel-Palade bodies and development of extracellular patches of immunofluorescence typical of vWf release. Release also occurred within 10 min of exposure to preformed fibrin but did not occur after exposure to washed red cells, clot liquor, or structurally different fibrin prepared with reptilase. Metabolically labeled vWf was immunopurified from the medium after release by fibrin and shown to consist of highly processed protein lacking pro-vWf subunits. The contribution of residual thrombin to release stimulated by fibrin was minimized by preparing fibrin clots with nonstimulatory concentrations of thrombin and by inhibiting residual thrombin with hirudin or heating. We conclude that fibrin formed at sites of vessel injury may function as a physiologic secretagogue for endothelial cells causing rapid release of stored vWf.
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Abstract
When fibrinogen is clotted with thrombin, mainly fibrinopeptide-A (FPA) is released at gel point, the FPB-release being delayed. The present study present evidence that the small amounts of des-AABB fibrin found at visible gelation improves polymerization, thereby determining the thrombin clotting time. 1. Purified fibrinogen was clotted with thrombin or Reptilase, peptide release monitored radioimmunologically. With thrombin, significantly less fibrin (released FPA) was necessary for gel formation than when Reptilase was used. Furthermore, approximately 10% of the available FPB had been released by thrombin at gel point. 2. Polymerization of monomers prepared by incubation of fibrinogen with Reptilase (des-AA) and thrombin (des-AABB) in urea, were examined by light scattering. Des-AA fibrin monomers polymerised after a lag-phase of 4 minutes. When 20% of these monomers were substituted with des-AABB monomers, the lag was reduced to 1 1/2 minutes. 3. Finally, polymerization of preformed des-AA monomers was studied with and without the addition of small amounts of thrombin, and the FPB-release monitored. The presence of 0.04 NIH U/ml of thrombin reduced the lag from 10 minutes to 3 minutes. At this time approximately 10% of FPB had been released. It is concluded that even small amounts of des-AABB fibrin substantially improves polymerization of des-AA fibrin.
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Senior RM, Skogen WF, Griffin GL, Wilner GD. Effects of fibrinogen derivatives upon the inflammatory response. Studies with human fibrinopeptide B. J Clin Invest 1986; 77:1014-9. [PMID: 3005361 PMCID: PMC423507 DOI: 10.1172/jci112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin formation and turnover are intimately associated with inflammation and wound healing. To explore whether fibrin(ogen)-derived peptides exert direct effects upon cells involved in inflammation and tissue repair we examined the capacity of human fibrinopeptide B (hFpB), a thrombin-derived proteolytic cleavage product of the fibrinogen B beta-chain, to stimulate neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and fibroblasts. hFpB caused directed cell migration of PMN and fibroblasts that was optimal at approximately 10(-8) M. This chemotactic activity was blocked by preincubating hFpB with antiserum to hFpB. hFpB was not chemotactic for monocytes. The chemotactic potency of hFpB for PMN was equivalent to that of anaphylatoxin from the fifth component of human complement (C5a), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and for fibroblasts its chemotactic activity was comparable to that of platelet-derived growth factor. hFpB did not interact with PMN receptors for C5a, LTB4, or fMLP as (a) desensitization with 10(-7) M hFpB abolished chemotaxis to hFpB but had no effect upon chemotaxis to C5a, LTB4, or fMLP and (b) induction of chemotactic responses to fMLP and LTB4 in neutrophilic leukemic cells (HL-60 cells) by incubation with dimethylsulfoxide did not extend to hFpB. Like fMLP, hFpB caused a rapid, dose-dependent increase in PMN cytoskeletal associated actin, but unlike fMLP, hFpB did not cause PMN aggregation, release of lysosomal enzymes (lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase), or the production of superoxide anion. These results suggest that hFpB may have a role in recruiting PMN and fibroblasts at sites of fibrin deposition and turnover. The capacity of hFpB to cause PMN chemotaxis without causing concurrent release of lysosomal enzymes or the production of superoxide anion is further evidence for the complexity of PMN responses to chemotactic agents.
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Dardik BN, Shainoff JR. Kinetic characterization of a saturable pathway for rapid clearance of circulating fibrin monomer. Blood 1985; 65:680-8. [PMID: 3971045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of clearance of circulating fibrin monomer was investigated in rabbits through (1) study of decay in plasma concentrations of 125I-labeled monomers with variant fibrinopeptide content and (2) concurrent analysis of decay of the monomers relative to coinjected 131I-fibrinogen. Under the conditions employed, essentially all of the fibrin became distributed in a soluble form in plasma and decayed independently of the coinjected fibrinogen. Among the species of fibrin studied, monomer lacking fibrinopeptide A alone (alpha-fibrin) underwent very rapid clearance by a saturable mechanism that was not evident in relatively sluggish clearance of monomer lacking either fibrinopeptide B alone (beta-fibrin) or both fibrinopeptides A and B (alpha beta-fibrin). Decay of alpha-fibrin conformed with a kinetic mechanism involving first-order permeation of the fibrin into extravascular space at a rate equivalent to that of permeation of fibrinogen; unlike fibrinogen, however, the alpha-fibrin underwent immediate absorption in parallel with permeation (t1/2 = 2.6 hours) at doses below an apparent saturating level of 3 mg/kg. At doses near the absorptive limit, the uptake accompanying permeation diminished as in a second-order kinetic mechanism, and at very high doses the plasma decay of the alpha-fibrin approached that of fibrinogen. The beta- and alpha beta-fibrins also permeated extravascular space in parallel with fibrinogen, but absorption proceeded sluggishly (t1/2 = 11 and 16 hours, respectively) at low doses and did not change with increasing dose. The uniquely rapid and saturable clearance of alpha-fibrin is suggested to involve uptake through the fibrin aggregation site that is blocked by fibrinopeptide A in fibrinogen and beta-fibrin and by tight binding to fibrinogen in soluble complexes formed by alpha beta-fibrin. A corollary of this hypothesis is that rapid uptake depends on dissociability of fibrin complexes for access to the aggregation site, a mechanism that is just the converse of uptake through aggregation.
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Suzuki S, Murakoshi T, Sakamoto W. Studies on the various causal factors related to hypercoagulability in the field of obstetrics - with special reference to the onset of DIC as viewed from the changing of kinin-kallikrein system and fibrinopeptide A. Adv Exp Med Biol 1983; 156 (Pt B):1055-65. [PMID: 6552855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Buczko W. [Biological properties of fibrinogen degradation products by thrombin]. Pol Tyg Lek 1981; 36:855-6. [PMID: 7024948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Shibusawa K. [Fibrinopeptide]. Kango 1981; 33:82. [PMID: 6911340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wilner GD, Chatpar P, Te A, Horowitz J. Effects of extravascular clotting on fibrinopeptide A levels in blood. J Lab Clin Med 1978; 91:205-13. [PMID: 621423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood monocytes was generated by the action of thrombin on human fibrinogen, a reaction known to release low molecular fibrinopeptides. Supernatants prepared by incubating Contortrix venom with fibrinogen, which cleaves the B peptide, were also chemotactic, whereas no activity was present in supernatants from Arvin venom, which cleaves peptides A, AP and AY. Thus fibrinopeptide B was chemotactic for the monocyte in addition to the neutrophil, as previously reported. Monocyte chemotactic activity was also generated by the action of plasmin on human fibrinogen and shown to be associated with the D and E fragments but not with a mixture of fragments X and Y. When plasmin digestion was stopped at time intervals up to 24 h, monocyte chemotactic activity corresponded with the appearance of the D and E fragments. The monocyte chemotactic activity, contained in a 24 h digest, eluted from Sephadex G-75 at VO, corresponding to the expected position of the D and E fragments whereas neutrophil chemotactic activity eluted with molecules of molecular size of approximately 30 000 daltons. Thus fragments D and E derived from plasmin digestion of fibrinogen attract the monocyte whereas only the small uncharacterized peptides were chemotactic for the neutrophil. These different profiles of chemotactic activity for the neutrophil and the monocyte in terms of plasmin digestion products of fibrinogen may be of significance in the events leading to the accumulation of these cells in vivo during fibrin deposition.
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