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Yin G, Song G, Xue S, Liu F. Adverse event signal mining and serious adverse event influencing factor analysis of fulvestrant based on FAERS database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11367. [PMID: 38762547 PMCID: PMC11102440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant, as the first selective estrogen receptor degrader, is widely used in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. However, in the real world, there is a lack of relevant reports on adverse reaction data mining for fulvestrant. To perform data mining on adverse events (AEs) associated with fulvestrant and explore the risk factors contributing to severe AEs, providing a reference for the rational use of fulvestrant in clinical practice. Retrieved adverse event report information associated with fulvestrant from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, covering the period from market introduction to September 30, 2023. Suspicious AEs were screened using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio methods based on disproportionality analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on severe AEs to explore the risk factors associated with fulvestrant-induced severe AEs. A total of 6947 reports related to AEs associated with fulvestrant were obtained, including 5924 reports of severe AEs and 1023 reports of non-severe AEs. Using the disproportionality analysis method, a total of 210 valid AEs were identified for fulvestrant, with 45 AEs (21.43%) not listed in the product labeling, involving 11 systems and organs. The AEs associated with fulvestrant were sorted by frequency of occurrence, with neutropenia (325 cases) having the highest number of reports. By signal strength, injection site pruritus showed the strongest signal (ROR = 658.43). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that concurrent use of medications with extremely high protein binding (≥ 98%) is an independent risk factor for severe AEs associated with fulvestrant. Age served as a protective factor for fulvestrant-related AEs. The co-administration of fulvestrant with CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitors did not show statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of severe AEs. Co-administration of drugs with extremely high protein binding (≥ 98%) may increase the risk of severe adverse reactions of fulvestrant. Meanwhile, age (60-74 years) may reduce the risk of severe AEs of fulvestrant. However, further clinical research is still needed to explore and verify whether there is interaction between fulvestrant and drugs with high protein binding through more clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisen Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YantaiShandong, 264000, China
| | - Guiling Song
- Department of Chemical Medicine, Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, YantaiShandong, 264003, China
| | - Shuyi Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Rodón J, Demanse D, Rugo HS, Burris HA, Simó R, Farooki A, Wellons MF, André F, Hu H, Vuina D, Quadt C, Juric D. A risk analysis of alpelisib-induced hyperglycemia in patients with advanced solid tumors and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:36. [PMID: 38439079 PMCID: PMC10913434 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is an on-target effect of PI3Kα inhibitors. Early identification and intervention of treatment-induced hyperglycemia is important for improving management of patients receiving a PI3Kα inhibitor like alpelisib. Here, we characterize incidence of grade 3/4 alpelisib-related hyperglycemia, along with time to event, management, and outcomes using a machine learning model. METHODS Data for the risk model were pooled from patients receiving alpelisib ± fulvestrant in the open-label, phase 1 X2101 trial and the randomized, double-blind, phase 3 SOLAR-1 trial. The pooled population (n = 505) included patients with advanced solid tumors (X2101, n = 221) or HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (SOLAR-1, n = 284). External validation was performed using BYLieve trial patient data (n = 340). Hyperglycemia incidence and management were analyzed for SOLAR-1. RESULTS A random forest model identified 5 baseline characteristics most associated with risk of developing grade 3/4 hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, HbA1c, monocytes, age). This model was used to derive a score to classify patients as high or low risk for developing grade 3/4 hyperglycemia. Applying the model to patients treated with alpelisib and fulvestrant in SOLAR-1 showed higher incidence of hyperglycemia (all grade and grade 3/4), increased use of antihyperglycemic medications, and more discontinuations due to hyperglycemia (16.7% vs. 2.6% of discontinuations) in the high- versus low-risk group. Among patients in SOLAR-1 (alpelisib + fulvestrant arm) with PIK3CA mutations, median progression-free survival was similar between the high- and low-risk groups (11.0 vs. 10.9 months). For external validation, the model was applied to the BYLieve trial, for which successful classification into high- and low-risk groups with shorter time to grade 3/4 hyperglycemia in the high-risk group was observed. CONCLUSIONS A risk model using 5 clinically relevant baseline characteristics was able to identify patients at higher or lower probability for developing alpelisib-induced hyperglycemia. Early identification of patients who may be at higher risk for hyperglycemia may improve management (including monitoring and early intervention) and potentially lead to improved outcomes. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01219699 (registration date: October 13, 2010; retrospectively registered), ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02437318 (registration date: May 7, 2015); ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03056755 (registration date: February 17, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rodón
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - David Demanse
- Early Development Biostatistics, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard A Burris
- Department of Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology Professional Limited Liability Corporation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azeez Farooki
- Endocrinology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Huilin Hu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Cornelia Quadt
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dejan Juric
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Goetz MP, Bagegni NA, Batist G, Brufsky A, Cristofanilli MA, Damodaran S, Daniel BR, Fleming GF, Gradishar WJ, Graff SL, Grosse Perdekamp MT, Hamilton E, Lavasani S, Moreno-Aspitia A, O'Connor T, Pluard TJ, Rugo HS, Sammons SL, Schwartzberg LS, Stover DG, Vidal GA, Wang G, Warner E, Yerushalmi R, Plourde PV, Portman DJ, Gal-Yam EN. Lasofoxifene versus fulvestrant for ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer with an ESR1 mutation: results from the randomized, phase II ELAINE 1 trial. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:1141-1151. [PMID: 38072514 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.09.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired estrogen receptor alpha (ER/ESR1) mutations commonly cause endocrine resistance in ER+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Lasofoxifene, a novel selective ER modulator, stabilizes an antagonist conformation of wild-type and ESR1-mutated ER-ligand binding domains, and has antitumor activity in ESR1-mutated xenografts. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this open-label, randomized, phase II, multicenter, ELAINE 1 study (NCT03781063), we randomized women with ESR1-mutated, ER+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) mBC that had progressed on an aromatase inhibitor (AI) plus a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) to oral lasofoxifene 5 mg daily or IM fulvestrant 500 mg (days 1, 15, and 29, and then every 4 weeks) until disease progression/toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints were safety/tolerability. RESULTS A total of 103 patients received lasofoxifene (n = 52) or fulvestrant (n = 51). The most current efficacy analysis showed that lasofoxifene did not significantly prolong median PFS compared with fulvestrant: 24.2 weeks (∼5.6 months) versus 16.2 weeks (∼3.7 months; P = 0.138); hazard ratio 0.699 (95% confidence interval 0.434-1.125). However, PFS and other clinical endpoints numerically favored lasofoxifene: clinical benefit rate (36.5% versus 21.6%; P = 0.117), objective response rate [13.2% (including a complete response in one lasofoxifene-treated patient) versus 2.9%; P = 0.124], and 6-month (53.4% versus 37.9%) and 12-month (30.7% versus 14.1%) PFS rates. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events with lasofoxifene were nausea, fatigue, arthralgia, and hot flushes. One death occurred in the fulvestrant arm. Circulating tumor DNA ESR1 mutant allele fraction (MAF) decreased from baseline to week 8 in 82.9% of evaluable lasofoxifene-treated versus 61.5% of fulvestrant-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Lasofoxifene demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity versus fulvestrant and was well tolerated in patients with ESR1-mutated, endocrine-resistant mBC following progression on AI plus CDK4/6i. Consistent with target engagement, lasofoxifene reduced ESR1 MAF, and to a greater extent than fulvestrant. Lasofoxifene may be a promising targeted treatment for patients with ESR1-mutated mBC and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Goetz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester.
| | - N A Bagegni
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - G Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Magee Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh
| | - M A Cristofanilli
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York
| | - S Damodaran
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Houston
| | | | - G F Fleming
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago
| | - W J Gradishar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - S L Graff
- Lifespan Cancer Institute/Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence
| | | | - E Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville
| | - S Lavasani
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, UC Irvine, Orange
| | | | - T O'Connor
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Buffalo
| | - T J Pluard
- Saint Luke's Cancer Institute, Kansas City
| | - H S Rugo
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - S L Sammons
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - D G Stover
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - G A Vidal
- Breast Oncology Division, West Cancer Center, Memphis
| | - G Wang
- Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute at Baptist Health, Miami, USA
| | - E Warner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Yerushalmi
- Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - E N Gal-Yam
- Breast Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Rugo HS, Raskina K, Schrock AB, Madison RW, Graf RP, Sokol ES, Sivakumar S, Lee JK, Fisher V, Oxnard GR, Tukachinsky H. Biology and Targetability of the Extended Spectrum of PIK3CA Mutations Detected in Breast Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1056-1067. [PMID: 36321996 PMCID: PMC10011882 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpelisib is a PI3K alpha (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer (ABC) based on the SOLAR-1 trial, which defined 11 substitutions in exons 7, 9, and 20 in PIK3CA (SOLAR1m). We report alpelisib effectiveness for ABC harboring SOLAR1m, as well as other pathogenic PIK3CA mutations (OTHERm) using comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 33,977 tissue and 1,587 liquid biopsies were analyzed using hybrid capture-based CGP covering the entire coding sequence of PIK3CA. Clinical characteristics and treatment history were available for 10,750 patients with ABC in the deidentified Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine clinico-genomic database (FH-FMI CGDB). RESULTS PIK3CAm were detected in 11,767/33,977 (35%) of tissue biopsies, including 2,300 (7%) samples with OTHERm and no SOLAR1m. Liquid biopsy had 77% sensitivity detecting PIK3CAm, increasing to 95% with circulating tumor DNA fraction ≥2%. In patients with HR+/HER2- ABC and PIK3CAm receiving alpelisib/fulvestrant (ALP+FUL; n = 182) or fulvestrant alone (FUL; n = 119), median real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) was 5.9 months on ALP+FUL [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.1-7.4] versus 3.1 months on FUL (95% CI: 2.7-3.7; P < 0.0001). In patients with OTHERm, median rwPFS was 4.0 months on ALP+FUL (95% CI: 2.8-10.1) versus 2.5 months on FUL (95% CI: 2.2-3.7; P = 0.0054). CONCLUSIONS CGP detects diverse PIK3CAm in a greater number of patients with ABC than PCR hotspot testing; 20% of patients with PIK3CAm do not have SOLAR1m. These patients may derive benefit from alpelisib. See related commentary by Tau and Miller, p. 989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S. Rugo
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kira Raskina
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ryon P. Graf
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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5
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Vazquez L, Arnaud A, Grenier J, Debourdeau P. [Patients treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer: Can we predict the occurrence of severe early hematological toxicity?]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:544-552. [PMID: 33820647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The addition of palbociclib to endocrine therapy has been shown to improve progression free survival in hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer patients. This cyclin CDK4/6 inhibitor could expose patients to a grade 3-4 hematological toxicity, leading to treatment discontinuation or treatment interruption that is potentially associated with a lack of efficiency. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors of severe early hematotoxicity (ESHT). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients who started palbociclib in the Institut Sainte Catherine between December 1, 2016 and January 1, 2019 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Individual data and hematological toxicity were collected from electronic medical records. ESHT was defined as the occurrence, during the first 3 cycles, of grade 4 or grade 3 hematological toxicity requiring palbociclib dose reduction. RESULTS In total, 181 patients (180 females) were included; median age was 67 years. Forty-six patients (25.4%) experienced an ESHT. Predictive factors of ESHT in multivariate analysis were a performance status (PS) of 2 or more (P=0.024) and an history of radiotherapy of bone metastasis in the previous year (P=0.003). Before palbociclib initiation, a neutrophil count below 3.37g/L was predictive of ESHT with a sensibility of 76% and a specificity of 71%. CONCLUSIONS ECOG PS, bone radiotherapy within the year and low baseline neutrophils count are associated with ESHT in palbociclib-treated metastatic breast cancer patients. These elements could be useful for a careful monitoring leading to adapted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Vazquez
- Sainte-Catherine Institute, 250, chemin des baigne-pieds, 84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Antoine Arnaud
- Sainte-Catherine Institute, 250, chemin des baigne-pieds, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Julien Grenier
- Sainte-Catherine Institute, 250, chemin des baigne-pieds, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Debourdeau
- Sainte-Catherine Institute, 250, chemin des baigne-pieds, 84000 Avignon, France
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Narayan P, Prowell TM, Gao JJ, Fernandes LL, Li E, Jiang X, Qiu J, Fan J, Song P, Yu J, Zhang X, King-Kallimanis BL, Chen W, Ricks TK, Gong Y, Wang X, Windsor K, Rhieu SY, Geiser G, Banerjee A, Chen X, Reyes Turcu F, Chatterjee DK, Pathak A, Seidman J, Ghosh S, Philip R, Goldberg KB, Kluetz PG, Tang S, Amiri-Kordestani L, Theoret MR, Pazdur R, Beaver JA. FDA Approval Summary: Alpelisib Plus Fulvestrant for Patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [PMID: 33168657 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3652/78947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
On May 24, 2019, the FDA granted regular approval to alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant for postmenopausal women, and men, with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer as detected by an FDA-approved test following progression on or after an endocrine-based regimen. Approval was based on the SOLAR-1 study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of alpelisib plus fulvestrant versus placebo plus fulvestrant. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) per RECIST v1.1 in the cohort of trial participants whose tumors had a PIK3CA mutation. The estimated median PFS by investigator assessment in the alpelisib plus fulvestrant arm was 11 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.5-14.5] compared with 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.7-7.4) in the placebo plus fulvestrant arm (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85; two-sided P = 0.001). The median overall survival was not yet reached for the alpelisib plus fulvestrant arm (95% CI, 28.1-NE) and was 26.9 months (95% CI, 21.9-NE) for the fulvestrant control arm. No PFS benefit was observed in trial participants whose tumors did not have a PIK3CA mutation (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58-1.25). The most common adverse reactions, including laboratory abnormalities, on the alpelisib plus fulvestrant arm were increased glucose, increased creatinine, diarrhea, rash, decreased lymphocyte count, increased gamma glutamyl transferase, nausea, increased alanine aminotransferase, fatigue, decreased hemoglobin, increased lipase, decreased appetite, stomatitis, vomiting, decreased weight, decreased calcium, decreased glucose, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Narayan
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
| | - Tatiana M Prowell
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jennifer J Gao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Laura L Fernandes
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Emily Li
- Oncology Center of Excellence Summer Scholars Program, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Xiling Jiang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Junshan Qiu
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Pengfei Song
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jingyu Yu
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Tiffany K Ricks
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Yutao Gong
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Xing Wang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Katherine Windsor
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Steve Y Rhieu
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Gerlie Geiser
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Anamitro Banerjee
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Francisca Reyes Turcu
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Deb K Chatterjee
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Anand Pathak
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Seidman
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Reena Philip
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kirsten B Goldberg
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Paul G Kluetz
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Shenghui Tang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Laleh Amiri-Kordestani
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Marc R Theoret
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard Pazdur
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Julia A Beaver
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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7
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Turner NC, Swift C, Kilburn L, Fribbens C, Beaney M, Garcia-Murillas I, Budzar AU, Robertson JFR, Gradishar W, Piccart M, Schiavon G, Bliss JM, Dowsett M, Johnston SRD, Chia SK. ESR1 Mutations and Overall Survival on Fulvestrant versus Exemestane in Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Combined Analysis of the Phase III SoFEA and EFECT Trials. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5172-5177. [PMID: 32546646 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ESR1 mutations are acquired frequently in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer after prior aromatase inhibitors. We assessed the clinical utility of baseline ESR1 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis in the two phase III randomized trials of fulvestrant versus exemestane. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The phase III EFECT and SoFEA trials randomized patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer who had progressed on prior nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy, between fulvestrant 250 mg and exemestane. Baseline serum samples from 227 patients in EFECT, and baseline plasma from 161 patients in SoFEA, were analyzed for ESR1 mutations by digital PCR. The primary objectives were to assess the impact of ESR1 mutation status on progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a combined analysis of both studies. RESULTS ESR1 mutations were detected in 30% (151/383) baseline samples. In patients with ESR1 mutation detected, PFS was 2.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.0-2.6] on exemestane and 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.0-6.0) on fulvestrant [hazard ratio (HR), 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.89; P = 0.01). In patients without ESR1 mutations detected, PFS was 4.8 months (95% CI, 3.7-6.2) on exemestane and 4.1 months (95% CI, 3.6-5.5) on fulvestrant (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.81-1.37; P = 0.69). There was an interaction between ESR1 mutation and treatment (P = 0.02). Patients with ESR1 mutation detected had 1-year OS of 62% (95% CI, 45%-75%) on exemestane and 80% (95% CI, 68%-87%) on fulvestrant (P = 0.04; restricted mean survival analysis). Patients without ESR1 mutations detected had 1-year OS of 79% (95% CI, 71%-85%) on exemestane and 81% (95% CI, 74%-87%) on fulvestrant (P = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS Detection of ESR1 mutations in baseline ctDNA is associated with inferior PFS and OS in patients treated with exemestane versus fulvestrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Swift
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Kilburn
- ICR-CTSU, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Fribbens
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Beaney
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Garcia-Murillas
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaia Schiavon
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M Bliss
- ICR-CTSU, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen K Chia
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Smyth LM, Tamura K, Oliveira M, Ciruelos EM, Mayer IA, Sablin MP, Biganzoli L, Ambrose HJ, Ashton J, Barnicle A, Cashell DD, Corcoran C, de Bruin EC, Foxley A, Hauser J, Lindemann JPO, Maudsley R, McEwen R, Moschetta M, Pass M, Rowlands V, Schiavon G, Banerji U, Scaltriti M, Taylor BS, Chandarlapaty S, Baselga J, Hyman DM. Capivasertib, an AKT Kinase Inhibitor, as Monotherapy or in Combination with Fulvestrant in Patients with AKT1 E17K-Mutant, ER-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3947-3957. [PMID: 32312891 PMCID: PMC7415507 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The activating mutation AKT1 E17K occurs in approximately 7% of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We report, from a multipart, first-in-human, phase I study (NCT01226316), tolerability and activity of capivasertib, an oral AKT inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with fulvestrant in expansion cohorts of patients with AKT1 E17K-mutant ER+ MBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with an AKT1 E17K mutation, detected by local (next-generation sequencing) or central (plasma-based BEAMing) testing, received capivasertib 480 mg twice daily, 4 days on, 3 days off, weekly or 400 mg twice daily combined with fulvestrant at the labeled dose. Study endpoints included safety, objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v1.1), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinical benefit rate at 24 weeks (CBR24). Biomarker analyses were conducted in the combination cohort. RESULTS From October 2013 to August 2018, 63 heavily pretreated patients received capivasertib (20 monotherapy, 43 combination). ORR was 20% with monotherapy, and within the combination cohort was 36% in fulvestrant-pretreated and 20% in fulvestrant-naïve patients, although the latter group may have had more aggressive disease at baseline. AKT1 E17K mutations were detectable in plasma by BEAMing (95%, 41/43), droplet digital PCR (80%, 33/41), and next-generation sequencing (76%, 31/41). A ≥50% decrease in AKT1 E17K at cycle 2 day 1 was associated with improved PFS. Combination therapy appeared more tolerable than monotherapy [most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events: rash (9% vs. 20%), hyperglycemia (5% vs. 30%), diarrhea (5% vs. 10%)]. CONCLUSIONS Capivasertib demonstrated clinically meaningful activity in heavily pretreated patients with AKT1 E17K-mutant ER+ MBC, including those with prior disease progression on fulvestrant. Tolerability and activity appeared improved by the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Biganzoli
- Breast Centre, Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Jack Ashton
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Barnicle
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Des D Cashell
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew Foxley
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Hauser
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Robert McEwen
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Pass
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gaia Schiavon
- R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barry S Taylor
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - José Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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9
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Slamon DJ, Neven P, Chia S, Fasching PA, De Laurentiis M, Im SA, Petrakova K, Bianchi GV, Esteva FJ, Martín M, Nusch A, Sonke GS, De la Cruz-Merino L, Beck JT, Pivot X, Sondhi M, Wang Y, Chakravartty A, Rodriguez-Lorenc K, Taran T, Jerusalem G. Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Fulvestrant in Advanced Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:514-524. [PMID: 31826360 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1911149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an earlier analysis of this phase 3 trial, ribociclib plus fulvestrant showed a greater benefit with regard to progression-free survival than fulvestrant alone in postmenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer. Here we report the results of a protocol-specified second interim analysis of overall survival. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either ribociclib or placebo in addition to fulvestrant as first-line or second-line treatment. Survival was evaluated by means of a stratified log-rank test and summarized with the use of Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS This analysis was based on 275 deaths: 167 among 484 patients (34.5%) receiving ribociclib and 108 among 242 (44.6%) receiving placebo. Ribociclib plus fulvestrant showed a significant overall survival benefit over placebo plus fulvestrant. The estimated overall survival at 42 months was 57.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.0 to 63.2) in the ribociclib group and 45.9% (95% CI, 36.9 to 54.5) in the placebo group, for a 28% difference in the relative risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.92; P = 0.00455). The benefit was consistent across most subgroups. In a descriptive update, median progression-free survival among patients receiving first-line treatment was 33.6 months (95% CI, 27.1 to 41.3) in the ribociclib group and 19.2 months (95% CI, 14.9 to 23.6) in the placebo group. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS Ribociclib plus fulvestrant showed a significant overall survival benefit over placebo plus fulvestrant in patients with hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. (Funded by Novartis; MONALEESA-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02422615.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Slamon
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Patrick Neven
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Stephen Chia
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Peter A Fasching
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Katarina Petrakova
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Giulia V Bianchi
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Francisco J Esteva
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Miguel Martín
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Arnd Nusch
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Luis De la Cruz-Merino
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - J Thaddeus Beck
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Xavier Pivot
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Manu Sondhi
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Yingbo Wang
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Arunava Chakravartty
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Karen Rodriguez-Lorenc
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Tetiana Taran
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- From the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (D.J.S.); Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven (P.N.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège and Liege University, Liege (G.J.) - all in Belgium; the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.); University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen (P.A.F.), and the Practice for Hematology and Internal Oncology, Velbert (A.N.) - all in Germany; Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples (M.D.L.), and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (G.V.B.) - both in Italy; Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (S.-A.I.); Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic (K.P.); New York University Langone Health, New York (F.J.E.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Grupo Español de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (M.M.), and Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (L.D.C.-M.) - both in Spain; Netherlands Cancer Institute-Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep Study Center, Amsterdam (G.S.S.); Highlands Oncology Group, Fayetteville, AR (J.T.B.); Institut Régional du Cancer, Strasbourg, France (X.P.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (M.S., A.C., K.R.-L.); and Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (Y.W., T.T.)
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10
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Christensen TD, Buhl ASK, Christensen IJ, Buhl IK, Balslev E, Knoop AS, Danø H, Glavicic V, Luczak A, Langkjer ST, Linnet S, Jakobsen EH, Bogovic J, Ejlertsen B, Rasmussen A, Hansen A, Knudsen S, Jensen PB, Nielsen D. Prediction of fulvestrant efficacy in patients with advanced breast cancer: retrospective-prospective evaluation of the predictive potential of a multigene expression assay. Breast Cancer 2019; 27:266-276. [PMID: 31654283 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fulvestrant is a selective oestrogen receptor (ER) degrader used as monotherapy and combination therapy for ER positive HER2 negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) in postmenopausal women. The drug response predictor (DRP), is a mathematical algorithm based on the expression of multiple genes in the tumour. The fulvestrant DRP algorithm has previously shown effect in BC. In this study, we investigated the DRP's potential in predicting fulvestrant benefit. METHOD Among 695 patients with ABC prospectively included in a Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) cohort we retrospectively included 226 patients who received fulvestrant as monotherapy. The DRP result was based on mRNA extracted from tumour biopsies and analysed using Affymetrix array. Primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP). RESULTS For patients who received fulvestrant in line one to four and were previously unexposed to adjuvant endocrine therapy, we identified a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.44 (90% confidence interval (90% CI) upper limit of 1.08, one sided p = 0.066) for a predicted positive vs negative outcome. A weaker association was seen when including patients exposed to adjuvant endocrine treatment or received fulvestrant in fifth or later lines. Exploratory analyses showed that the DRP was efficient when using recent biopsies for DRP estimate and among recently treated patients. CONCLUSION The DRP showed a potential in predicting fulvestrant treatment but was not significant in the overall analysis. Use of older biopsies, long-term endocrine treatment and multiple therapies between biopsy used for analysis and fulvestrant treatment, probably affect the predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Dreier Christensen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Anna Sofie Kappel Buhl
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Oncology Venture, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ida Kappel Buhl
- Oncology Venture, Hoersholm, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ann S Knoop
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hella Danø
- Department of Oncology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Vesna Glavicic
- Department of Oncology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Adam Luczak
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Linnet
- Department of Oncology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
| | | | - Jurij Bogovic
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Soenderborg, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, DBCG Secretariat, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Dorte Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical activity of fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of all patients with MBC treated at Samsung Medical Center between January 2009 and August 2016. Patients received fulvestrant 250 mg intramuscularly every 28 days (from January 2009 to November 2010) or 500 mg intramuscularly every 28 days (from December 2010 to August 2016). Tumor responses were assessed every 8 weeks and at the end of treatment, as well as when disease progression was suspected. RESULTS A total of 84 patients were included in this study. A median of two previous endocrine treatments had been performed; 79% of the patients had received two or more endocrine treatments. Forty-five patients (54%) had been treated with chemotherapy for MBC before the fulvestrant treatment course. Visceral metastasis was found in 49 patients (58%). The estimated median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.5) and 32.5 months (95% CI, 17.6 to 47.4), respectively. The disease control rate was 40.5% (95% CI, 30.5 to 51.5); partial response was observed in 16% of the patients and stable disease was observed in 25% of the patients. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were mild-to-moderate grade myalgia (10.5% of the patients), injection site pain (7%), and fatigue (7%). Fulvestrant was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Fulvestrant showed encouraging clinical activity and favorable feasibility in postmenopausal women with MBC who had been treated with multiple endocrine therapies and/or cytotoxic chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hwa Heo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hansang Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Yeon Hee Park, M.D. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-1780 Fax: +82-2-3410-1754 E-mail:
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12
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André F, Ciruelos E, Rubovszky G, Campone M, Loibl S, Rugo HS, Iwata H, Conte P, Mayer IA, Kaufman B, Yamashita T, Lu YS, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Pápai Z, Longin AS, Mills D, Wilke C, Hirawat S, Juric D. Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1929-1940. [PMID: 31091374 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1813904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1329] [Impact Index Per Article: 265.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIK3CA mutations occur in approximately 40% of patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. The PI3Kα-specific inhibitor alpelisib has shown antitumor activity in early studies. METHODS In a randomized, phase 3 trial, we compared alpelisib (at a dose of 300 mg per day) plus fulvestrant (at a dose of 500 mg every 28 days and once on day 15) with placebo plus fulvestrant in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had received endocrine therapy previously. Patients were enrolled into two cohorts on the basis of tumor-tissue PIK3CA mutation status. The primary end point was progression-free survival, as assessed by the investigator, in the cohort with PIK3CA-mutated cancer; progression-free survival was also analyzed in the cohort without PIK3CA-mutated cancer. Secondary end points included overall response and safety. RESULTS A total of 572 patients underwent randomization, including 341 patients with confirmed tumor-tissue PIK3CA mutations. In the cohort of patients with PIK3CA-mutated cancer, progression-free survival at a median follow-up of 20 months was 11.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.5 to 14.5) in the alpelisib-fulvestrant group, as compared with 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.7 to 7.4) in the placebo-fulvestrant group (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.85; P<0.001); in the cohort without PIK3CA-mutated cancer, the hazard ratio was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.58 to 1.25; posterior probability of hazard ratio <1.00, 79.4%). Overall response among all the patients in the cohort without PIK3CA-mutated cancer was greater with alpelisib-fulvestrant than with placebo-fulvestrant (26.6% vs. 12.8%); among patients with measurable disease in this cohort, the percentages were 35.7% and 16.2%, respectively. In the overall population, the most frequent adverse events of grade 3 or 4 were hyperglycemia (36.6% in the alpelisib-fulvestrant group vs. 0.7% in the placebo-fulvestrant group) and rash (9.9% vs. 0.3%). Diarrhea of grade 3 occurred in 6.7% of patients in the alpelisib-fulvestrant group, as compared with 0.3% of those in the placebo-fulvestrant group; no diarrhea of grade 4 was reported. The percentages of patients who discontinued alpelisib and placebo owing to adverse events were 25.0% and 4.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with alpelisib-fulvestrant prolonged progression-free survival among patients with PIK3CA-mutated, HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had received endocrine therapy previously. (Funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals; SOLAR-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02437318.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice André
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Eva Ciruelos
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Gabor Rubovszky
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Mario Campone
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Hope S Rugo
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Pierfranco Conte
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Ingrid A Mayer
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Bella Kaufman
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Toshinari Yamashita
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Kenichi Inoue
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Masato Takahashi
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Pápai
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Longin
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - David Mills
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Celine Wilke
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Samit Hirawat
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
| | - Dejan Juric
- From Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unité 981, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif (F.A.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, St. Herblain (M.C.), and Novartis Pharma, Paris (A.-S.L.) - all in France; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.); National Institute of Oncology (G.R.) and Duna Medical Center (Z.P.), Budapest, Hungary; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, and Center for Hematology and Oncology Bethanien, Frankfurt - both in Germany (S.L.); UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.S.R.); Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya (H.I.), Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama (T.Y.), Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama (K.I.), and National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo (M.T.) - all in Japan; Istituto Oncologico Veneto and the Departments of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (P.C.); Vanderbilt University, Nashville (I.A.M.); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (B.K.); National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (Y.-S.L.); Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland (D.M., C.W.); Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (S.H.); and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston (D.J.)
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Mehta RS, Barlow WE, Albain KS, Vandenberg TA, Dakhil SR, Tirumali NR, Lew DL, Hayes DF, Gralow JR, Linden HH, Livingston RB, Hortobagyi GN. Overall Survival with Fulvestrant plus Anastrozole in Metastatic Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1226-1234. [PMID: 30917258 PMCID: PMC6885383 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1811714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported prolonged progression-free survival and marginally prolonged overall survival among postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer who had been randomly assigned to receive the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole plus the selective estrogen-receptor down-regulator fulvestrant, as compared with anastrozole alone, as first-line therapy. We now report final survival outcomes. METHODS We randomly assigned patients to receive either anastrozole or fulvestrant plus anastrozole. Randomization was stratified according to adjuvant tamoxifen use. Analysis of survival was performed by means of two-sided stratified log-rank tests and Cox regression. Efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups, both overall and in subgroups. RESULTS Of 707 patients who had undergone randomization, 694 had data available for analysis. The combination-therapy group had 247 deaths among 349 women (71%) and a median overall survival of 49.8 months, as compared with 261 deaths among 345 women (76%) and a median overall survival of 42.0 months in the anastrozole-alone group, a significant difference (hazard ratio for death, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 0.98; P = 0.03 by the log-rank test). In a subgroup analysis of the two strata, overall survival among women who had not received tamoxifen previously was longer with the combination therapy than with anastrozole alone (median, 52.2 months and 40.3 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.92); among women who had received tamoxifen previously, overall survival was similar in the two groups (median, 48.2 months and 43.5 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.27) (P = 0.09 for interaction). The incidence of long-term toxic effects of grade 3 to 5 was similar in the two groups. Approximately 45% of the patients in the anastrozole-alone group crossed over to receive fulvestrant. CONCLUSIONS The addition of fulvestrant to anastrozole was associated with increased long-term survival as compared with anastrozole alone, despite substantial crossover to fulvestrant after progression during therapy with anastrozole alone. The results suggest that the benefit was particularly notable in patients without previous exposure to adjuvant endocrine therapy. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and AstraZeneca; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00075764.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Mehta
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - William E Barlow
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Kathy S Albain
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Ted A Vandenberg
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Shaker R Dakhil
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Nagendra R Tirumali
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Danika L Lew
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Julie R Gralow
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Hannah H Linden
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Robert B Livingston
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- From the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange (R.S.M.); the SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center (W.E.B., D.L.L.) and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center (J.R.G., H.H.L.) - both in Seattle; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL (K.S.A.); London Health Sciences Centre and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, London, ON, Canada (T.A.V.); the Cancer Center of Kansas and Wichita National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP), Wichita (S.R.D.); Kaiser Permanente NCORP, Portland, OR (N.R.T.); the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.F.H.); the University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson (R.B.L.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (G.N.H.)
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Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a condition with massive keratinocyte apoptosis, and it is associated with high mortality rates. Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist, is indicated in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of toxic epidermal necrolysis due to fulvestrant. A 56-year-old woman received 500 mg of intramuscular fulvestrant monthly for metastatic ductal carcinoma of the breast. Five days after the first dose, the patient presented with a maculopapular rash that evolved to blisters, and a detachment of the epidermis in over 30% of the total body surface area. Histological analysis was compatible with toxic epidermal necrolysis. Fulvestrant was discontinued, topical management and supportive care were initiated.
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