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Kim GB, Seo JI, Gye MC, Yoo HH. Isosorbide, a versatile green chemical: Elucidating its ADME properties for safe use. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 272:116051. [PMID: 38310823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Isosorbide, an environmentally friendly and renewable substance, finds extensive application in diverse fields, such as a bisphenol A substitute, polymers, functional materials, organic solvents, fuels, and pharmaceuticals. Despite its increasing interest and widespread usage, there remains a notable absence of available reports regarding its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. This study endeavors to investigate the ADME characteristics of isosorbide in rats. Isosorbide levels in biological samples were quantified based on the analytical method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Following administration, isosorbide exhibited rapid absorption and elimination, with a bioavailability of 96.1%. The metabolic stability assay indicated that isosorbide remained stable during metabolism. The majority of absorbed isosorbide was promptly excreted, with urinary excretion as the primary route. This study furnishes valuable insights into the ADME of isosorbide, contributing to its safety assessment and fostering its continued application across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Beom Kim
- Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong In Seo
- Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
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Chu F, Wang W, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Zou B, Jiang X, Hu Y, Hu W. Fully bio-based and intrinsically flame retardant unsaturated polyester cross-linked with isosorbide-based diluents. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140371. [PMID: 37820874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are composed of prepolymers and styrene diluents, while the former are produced by co-polycondensation between diol, unsaturated diacid and saturated diacid. In this work, bio-based UPR prepolymers were synthesized from bio-based oxalic acid, itaconic acid, and ethylene glycol, which were then diluted with bio-based isosorbide methacrylate (MI). Meanwhile, the phenylphosphonate were introduced into the molecular chains of prepolymers to achieve intrinsic flame retardancy of bio-based UPR. The potential of the reactive MI diluents as substitutes of volatile styrene, was also assessed through the volatility test, curing kinetics and gel contents analysis. For UPR materials with styrene diluents, the UPR materials can achieve UL-94 V0 level and the 28% of limiting oxygen index (LOI) with 2.63 wt% of phosphorus contents. By contrast, the UPR materials with MI diluents can reach UL-94 V0 level with only 2.14 wt% of phosphorus contents. As the phosphorus contents were further increased to 2.63 wt%, UPR materials can achieve highest 29%, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were decreased by 68.01% and 48.62%, respectively. The Flame Retardancy Index (FRI) was also used to comprehensively evaluate the flame retardant performance of UPR composites. Compared with neat UPR, the composites with MI diluents and phosphorus containing structures increased from 1.00 to 6.46. The mechanism for improved flame retardancy was analyzed from gaseous and condensed phase. Additionally, the tensile strengths of bio-based UPR materials with styrene and MI diluents were studied. This work provides an effective method to prepared high-performance and fully bio-based UPR materials with improved flame retardant properties and safety application of reactive diluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yandong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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Lee YH, Young YH. The role of serum osmolality in Meniere's disease with acute sensorineural hearing loss. Int J Audiol 2023; 62:713-719. [PMID: 35736628 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2075799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of serum osmolality in Meniere's disease (MD) patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). DESIGN Retrospective study. STUDY SAMPLES Twenty definite MD patients with acute unilateral SNHL were treated with an osmotic diuretic (Isosorbide, 100 mL daily) and assigned to Group A. Another 20 age- and sex-matched definite MD patients with acute SNHL were not given Isosorbide and assigned to Group B. Both groups underwent audiometry and blood examination for serum osmolality before and after treatment. RESULTS Group A revealed a significant increase in serum osmolality after treatment. The optimal cut-off values for increased serum osmolality in Group A were +1.5 mOSM/L for predicting hearing improvement at frequencies of 250-1000 Hz, and +2.5 mOSM/L at 2000-4000 Hz. Comparing increased levels of serum osmolality (> +2.0 vs. ≤ +2.0 mOSM/L), Isosorbide dosing at 3.0 L vs. 1.0 L, significantly differed in the odds ratio (OR). Isosorbide at a total dosage of 3.0 L thus improves the hearing threshold by >10 dB at frequencies of 250-2000 Hz. CONCLUSION The Isosorbide at a total dosage of 3.0 L may increase serum osmolality by > +2.0 mOSM/L, and improve the hearing threshold for hydropic ears at least >10 dB at low- and mid-frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hui Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ho Young
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Konya Y, Ochiai R, Fujiwara S, Tsujino K, Okumura T. Profiling polysorbate 80 components using comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2023; 37:e9438. [PMID: 36410723 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Polysorbate 80 (PS80) is an amphipathic, nonionic surfactant commonly used in pharmaceutical protein formulations and is composed of fatty acid (FA) esters of polyethoxylated sorbitan. However, commercial PS80 products contain substantial amounts of by-products. The development of simple and reliable methods for PS80 component analysis is challenging given the inherent heterogeneity. METHOD We developed a comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to profile the components of PS80. Semi-comprehensive LC-MS/MS analyses of 11 subspecies in three commercial PS80 products were performed to estimate the average degree of polymerization of the ethylene oxide units (Avg-n) in the molecules. Furthermore, three subspecies (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoester, polyoxyethylene isosorbide monoester, and polyoxyethylene monoester) were analyzed to estimate the composition ratios of the seven ester-bonded FAs present in PS80. RESULTS The Avg-n values of five polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters (none, mono, di, tri, and tetra), three polyoxyethylene isosorbide esters (none, mono, and di), and three polyoxyethylene esters (none, mono, and di) were 26.5-30.6, 12.1-14.6, and 11.4-15.8, respectively. These values were comparable regardless of the number of ester-bonded FAs. Each product had a similar FA composition ratio regardless of the differences in the subspecies. However, the obtained C18:2 values were higher than those reported in the product certificates. CONCLUSION The proposed LC-MS/MS method evaluated the overall PS80 components, revealing the possibility of underestimation of ester-bonded linoleic acid using the conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The similarity of Avg-n values and FA compositions among subspecies suggested the high reliability of these results, indicating that the presented approach may help in the quality control of PS80 formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Konya
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ochiai
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujiwara
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushige Tsujino
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okumura
- Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Kyoto, Japan
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Chaudhuri RK. Isosorbide Fatty Acid Diesters Have Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Cytokine-Induced Tissue Culture Models of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214307. [PMID: 36430783 PMCID: PMC9696169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease in which epidermal barrier disruption triggers Th2-mediated eruption of eczematous lesions. Topical emollients are a cornerstone of chronic management. This study evaluated efficacy of two plant-derived oil derivatives, isosorbide di-(linoleate/oleate) (IDL) and isosorbide dicaprylate (IDC), using AD-like tissue culture models. Treatment of reconstituted human epidermis with cytokine cocktail (IL-4 + IL-13 + TNF-α + IL-31) compromised the epidermal barrier, but this was prevented by co-treatment with IDL and IDC. Cytokine stimulation also dysregulated expression of keratinocyte (KC) differentiation genes whereas treatment with IDC or IDL + IDC up-regulated genes associated with early (but not late) KC differentiation. Although neither IDL nor IDC inhibited Th2 cytokine responses, both compounds repressed TNF-α-induced genes and IDL + IDC led to synergistic down-regulation of inflammatory (IL1B, ITGA5) and neurogenic pruritus (TRPA1) mediators. Treatment of cytokine-stimulated skin explants with IDC decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) secretion by more than 50% (more than observed with cyclosporine) and in vitro LDH activity was inhibited by IDL and IDC. These results demonstrate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of isosorbide fatty acid diesters in AD-like skin models. Our findings highlight the multifunctional potential of plant oil derivatives as topical ingredients and support studies of IDL and IDC as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bonardd S, Maiti B, Grijalvo S, Rodríguez J, Enshaei H, Kortaberria G, Alemán C, Díaz Díaz D. Biomass-derived isosorbide-based thermoresponsive hydrogel for drug delivery. Soft Matter 2022; 18:4963-4972. [PMID: 35748523 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a new variety of bio-based hydrogel films using a Cu(I)-catalyzed photo-click reaction. These films exhibited thermal-triggered swelling-deswelling and were constructed by crosslinking a triazide derivative of glycerol ethoxylate and dialkyne structures derived from isosorbide, a well-known plant-based platform molecule. The success of the click reaction was corroborated through infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the smooth surface of the obtained films was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal characterization was carried out in terms of thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), from which the decomposition onset and glass transition temperatures were determined, respectively. Additionally, mechanical properties of the samples were estimated by stress-strain experiments. Then, their swelling and deswelling properties were systematically examined in PBS buffer, revealing a thermoresponsive behavior that was successfully tested in the release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. We also confirmed the non-cytotoxicity of these materials, which is a fundamental aspect for their potential use as drug carriers or tissue engineering matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bonardd
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Binoy Maiti
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Rodríguez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Hamidreza Enshaei
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, IMEM-BRT, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Galder Kortaberria
- Materials + Technologies" Group, Chemical & Environmental Engineering Department, Basque Country University, Plaza Europa 1, 20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, IMEM-BRT, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
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Wang Y, Davey CJE, van der Maas K, van Putten RJ, Tietema A, Parsons JR, Gruter GJM. Biodegradability of novel high T g poly( isosorbide-co-1,6-hexanediol) oxalate polyester in soil and marine environments. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152781. [PMID: 34990691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the plastic accumulation in the environment, biodegradable plastics are attracting interest in the plastics market. However, the low thermal stability of most amorphous biodegradable polymers limits their application. With the aim of combining high glass transition temperature (Tg), with good (marine) biodegradation a family of novel fully renewable poly(isosorbide-co-diol) oxalate (PISOX-diol) copolyesters was recently developed. In this study, the biodegradability of a representative copolyester, poly(isosorbide-co-1,6-hexanediol) oxalate (PISOX-HDO), with 75/25 mol ratio IS/HDO was evaluated at ambient temperature (25 °C) in soil and marine environment by using a Respicond system with 95 parallel reactors, based on the principle of frequently monitoring CO2 evolution. During 50 days incubation in soil and seawater, PISOX-HDO mineralised faster than cellulose. The ready biodegradability of PISOX-HDO is related to the relatively fast non-enzymatic hydrolysis of polyoxalates. To study the underlying mechanism of PISOX-HDO biodegradation, the non-enzymatic hydrolysis of PISOX-HDO and the biodegradation of the monomers in soil were also investigated. Complete hydrolysis was obtained in approximately 120 days (tracking the formation of hydrolysis products via 1H NMR). It was also shown that (enzymatic) hydrolysis to the constituting monomers is the rate-determining step in this biodegradation mechanism. These monomers can subsequently be consumed and mineralised by (micro)organisms in the environment much faster than the polyesters. The combination of high Tg (>100 °C) and fast biodegradability is quite unique and makes this PISOX-HDO copolyester ideal for short term applications that demand strong mechanical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Charlie J E Davey
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kevin van der Maas
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Albert Tietema
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - John R Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gert-Jan M Gruter
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Avantium Support BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Brandi F, Al‐Naji M. Sustainable Sorbitol Dehydration to Isosorbide using Solid Acid Catalysts: Transition from Batch Reactor to Continuous-Flow System. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102525. [PMID: 34931452 PMCID: PMC9305242 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isosorbide is one of the most interesting cellulosic-derived molecules with great potential to be implemented in wide range of products that shaping our daily life. This Review describes the recent developments in the production of isosorbide from sorbitol in batch and continuous-flow systems under hydrothermal conditions using solid acid catalysts. Moreover, the current hurdles and challenges regarding the synthesis of isosorbide from cellulosic biomass in continuous-flow process using solid acid catalysts are summarized, as well as the scaling-up of this process into pilot level, which will lead to an established industrial process with high sustainability metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brandi
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Majd Al‐Naji
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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Noordover BAJ, van Staalduinen VG, Duchateau R, Koning CE, van Benthem RATM, Mak M, Heise A, Frissen AE, van Haveren J. Co- and Terpolyesters Based on Isosorbide and Succinic Acid for Coating Applications: Synthesis and Characterization. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:3406-16. [PMID: 17154469 DOI: 10.1021/bm060713v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Co- and terpolyesters based on succinic acid and isosorbide in combination with other renewable monomers such as 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and citric acid were synthesized and characterized. Linear polyesters were obtained via melt polycondensation of nonactivated dicarboxylic acids with OH functional monomers. Polymer end functionality (i.e., hydroxyl or carboxylic acid) was controlled by adjusting the monomer stoichiometry. The glass transition temperatures of the resulting polyesters could be effectively adjusted by varying the polymer composition and molar mass. By adding polyfunctional monomers such as trimethylolpropane or citric acid, polyesters with enhanced functionality were obtained. These biobased polyesters displayed functionalities and Tg values in the appropriate range for (powder) coating applications. The polyesters were cross-linked using conventional curing agents. Coatings from branched polyesters--hydroxyl as well as acid functional--showed significantly improved mechanical and chemical resistance compared to those formulated from linear polymers. These renewable polyesters proved to be suitable materials for coating applications with respect to solvent resistance, impact resistance, and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A J Noordover
- Laboratories of Polymer Chemistry and of Materials and Interface Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, DSM Research, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Meirhaeghe A, Bauters C, Helbecque N, Hamon M, McFadden E, Lablanche JM, Bertrand M, Amouyel P. The human G-protein β3 subunit C825T polymorphism is associated with coronary artery vasoconstriction. Eur Heart J 2001; 22:845-8. [PMID: 11350093 DOI: 10.1053/euhj.2000.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abnormal coronary vasomotion plays a role in the clinical expression of coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that the functional C825T polymorphism located in the ubiquitous G-protein beta3 subunit, implicated in the cellular signal transduction of many receptors, could modify artery coronary vasomotion. We assessed the potential association of the pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene C825T polymorphism on coronary vasomotion in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the response of angiographically normal human coronary arteries (n=131) after intravenous injection of methylergonovine maleate, a vasoconstrictor, followed by injection of isosorbide dinitrate, a vasodilator, according to GNB3 genotypes. Coronary vasomotion was assessed with quantitative coronary angiography. Subjects bearing at least one T allele had greater susceptibility to vasoconstriction in response to methylergonovine maleate than CC subjects, whereas vasodilation in response to isosorbide dinitrate did not differ among the different genotypes. CONCLUSION The C825T polymorphism of the G-protein beta3 subunit may be a genetic determinant of coronary artery vasomotion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meirhaeghe
- Service d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique-INSERM U.508, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
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Tousoulis D, McFadden E, Kaski JC. Patterns of coronary artery stenosis vasomotion: observed versus "predicted" stenosis reactivity in patients with chronic stable angina. Coron Artery Dis 1993; 4:529-36. [PMID: 8261231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patterns of constriction and dilatation of angiographically normal coronary artery segments and coronary stenoses, in response to vasoactive stimuli, remain speculative. METHODS We compared the vasomotor response of angiographically normal and stenotic coronary segments and assessed the effects of stenosis location and morphology on coronary stenosis vasomotion in 52 patients with chronic stable angina (40 men and 12 women) who underwent intracoronary ergonovine or isosorbide dinitrate administration or both. Changes in coronary diameter in response to nitrate and ergonovine were assessed by computed arteriography. The "predicted" change in stenosis diameter was calculated according to the "geometric theory" (based on the vasomotor response of angiographically normal segments adjacent to the lesion and on stenosis severity). Coronary diameter was assessed at baseline and after nitrate administration in 58 stenoses (34 concentric and 24 eccentric), of which 40 were located proximally and 18 distally, and also after ergonovine administration (23 stenoses: 14 proximal and 9 distal, 14 concentric and 9 eccentric). RESULTS Significant (> or = 10% lumen diameter change) vasoconstriction was observed after ergonovine administration in 14 of the 23 stenoses (61%), and significant vasodilation was noted after nitrate administration in 29 of 58 stenoses (50%). A larger proportion of distal (89%) and eccentric (89%) compared with proximal (43%) and concentric (43%) stenoses showed a greater than 10% vasoconstriction after ergonovine administration (P < 0.05). Vasodilatation after nitrate administration was also observed in a larger proportion of distal (78%) and eccentric (67%) than in proximal (38%) and concentric (38%) stenoses (P < 0.05). On average, the "observed" changes in coronary diameter in response to nitrate and ergonovine administration were of significantly less magnitude than those "predicted" by the geometric theory in both proximal and distal stenoses and in concentric and eccentric stenoses. In only 17% of stenoses were observed and predicted vasoconstriction similar. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in patients with chronic stable angina, calculations based on the "geometric theory" cannot predict the actual vasomotor response of a stenosis. Factors other than severity, such as baseline coronary tone, stenosis location, and stenosis morphology, appear to modulate stenosis vasomotion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tousoulis
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England
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Jiménez Vázquez P, García Luna M. [Recommendations for basic emergency equipment in the dental office]. Pract Odontol 1991; 12:35-9. [PMID: 1796075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical emergencies in the dentist's office are a primary concern for dental surgeons. Since each individual therapist is personally responsible for the management of those eventualities, they must be properly trained to handle them. Prevention is still the most effective method for avoiding them, with clinical examination as the prime basis for their management. Some current factors that increase the possibility of office emergencies include: a raise in life expectancy rates, thus increasing the number of patients with chronic diseases; multiple and complex therapeutic regimes; patients under dialysis, immunosuppression, transplants, etc. Apart from proper training of the dental surgeon in managing medical emergencies, he must have adequate equipment for treating such events. This article aims to offer dentists a practical guide to emergency equipment, which must always be at his immediate disposal, as well as some practical guidelines for the use of drugs and some recommendations regarding the organization of such equipment.
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Abstract
Electrocochleography (ECochG) of 168 ears with definite Meniere's disease was studied. The results were compared with recordings from 29 normal ears and 444 ears with other types of sensorineural hearing loss. It is shown that the SP/AP ratio is much more useful than SP amplitude for detecting endolymphatic hydrops. There was little difference in the mean values of SP/AP from those proposed by many other investigators; the mean values all being near 0.25. From 0.30 to 0.40 of SP/AP was considered adequate as the upper limit. Following intravenous administration of glycerol, a significant decrease in SP/AP was found in 21 Meniere's ears. However, there was no change of SP/AP after oral administration of glycerol and isosorbide. This difference may be due to the fact that a larger oral than intravenous administration is necessary to affect SP/AP. Although a postoperative decrease of 10% or more in SP/AP was observed in 5 patients, 10 patients followed up for 2 years or more after surgery did not show a statistically significant change of SP/AP and pure tone threshold. ECochG should be repeatedly recorded to be useful as a monitor for the presence of hydrops. It is discussed whether biochemical or mechanical changes in endolymph may cause a decrease in SP/AP after the use of dehydrating agents and endolymphatic sac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aso
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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DATEY KK, DALVI CP. ISOSORBIDE DI-NITRATE ("SORBITRATE')--A NEW ANTI-ANGINAL DRUG. J Assoc Physicians India 1964; 12:635-42. [PMID: 14231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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SETALA K, MERENMIES L, STJERNVALL L, AHO Y, KAJANNE P. Mechanism of experimental tumorigenesis. III. Effect in mouse skin of 1,4-sorbitan and 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol stearates. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959; 23:969-77. [PMID: 14445176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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MONTGOMERY R, WIGGINS LF. Anhydrides of polyhydric alcohols; derivatives of 1 : 4-anhydrosorbitol from 1 : 4-3 : 6-dianhydrosorbitol. J Chem Soc 1948:237-41. [PMID: 18906397 DOI: 10.1039/jr9480000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
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GREGORY H, WIGGINS LF. Anhydrides of polyhydric alcohols; some alkenyl ethers of 1 : 4-3 : 6-dianhydromannitol and 1 ; 4-3 : 6-dianhydrosorbitol. J Chem Soc 1947:1405-1407. [PMID: 20272142 DOI: 10.1039/jr9470001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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