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Badger-Emeka LI, Emeka PM, Thirugnanasambantham K, Ibrahim HIM. Anti-Allergic Potential of Cinnamaldehyde via the Inhibitory Effect of Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) Producing Klebsiella pneumonia. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235580. [PMID: 33261109 PMCID: PMC7730296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an immunological disorder that develops in response to exposure to an allergen, and histamines mediate these effects via histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity at the intracellular level. In the present study, we developed a 3D model of Klebsiella pneumoniae histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and analyzed the HDC inhibitory potential of cinnamaldehyde (CA) and subsequent anti-allergic potential using a bacterial and mammalian mast cell model. A computational and in vitro study using K. pneumonia revealed that CA binds to HDC nearby the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) binding site and inhibited histamine synthesis in a bacterial model. Further study using a mammalian mast cell model also showed that CA decreased the levels of histamine in the stimulated RBL-2H3 cell line and attenuated the release of β-hexoseaminidase and cell degranulation. In addition, CA treatment also significantly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and the nitric oxide (NO) level in the stimulated mast cells. A gene expression and Western blotting study revealed that CA significantly downregulated the expressions of MAPKp38/ERK and its downstream pro-allergic mediators that are involved in the signaling pathway in mast cell cytokine synthesis. This study further confirms that CA has the potential to attenuate mast cell activation by inhibiting HDC and modifying the process of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorina I. Badger-Emeka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(0)5-3654-2793
| | - Promise Madu Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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Gao YY, Liu QM, Liu B, Xie CL, Cao MJ, Yang XW, Liu GM. Inhibitory Activities of Compounds from the Marine Actinomycete Williamsia sp. MCCC 1A11233 Variant on IgE-Mediated Mast Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:10749-10756. [PMID: 29148756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The compounds of the deep-sea-derived marine Williamsia sp. MCCC 1A11233 (CDMW) were isolated, which are secondary metabolites of the actinomycetes. In this study, seven kinds of CDMW were found to decrease degranulation and histamine release in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells. The production of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4) was inhibited by these CDMW in RBL-2H3 cells, and their chemical structures were established mainly based on detailed analysis of their NMR spectra. CDMW-3, CDMW-5, and CDMW-15 were further demonstrated to block mast cell-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in IgE-sensitized mice. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were established to clarify the effect of CDMW-3, CDMW-5, and CDMW-15 on mast cells. The seven kinds of CDMW decreased the degranulation and histamine release of BMMCs. Furthermore, flow cytometry results indicated that CDMW-3, CDMW-5, and CDMW-15 increased the annexin+ cell population of BMMCs. In conclusion, CDMW-3, CDMW-5, and CDMW-15 have obvious antiallergic activity due to induction of the apoptosis of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Gao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University , 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
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3
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Ishimata N, Ito H, Tai A. Structure-activity relationships of vanillic acid ester analogs in inhibitory effect of antigen-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3533-6. [PMID: 27324979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Methyl vanillate (1) showed strong degranulation inhibitory activity among vanillin derivatives tested. In order to find structure-activity relationships for developing anti-allergic agents with simple structures and potent activity, we synthesized several vanillic acid (VA) ester derivatives with C1-C4 and C8 alkyl chains and evaluated their degranulation inhibitory activities. The most active compound of VA ester derivatives was derivative 5 with a C4 straight alkyl chain, and derivative 5 exhibited approximately three-fold greater inhibitory activity than that of 1. Moreover, we designed 8 types of analogs based on 5, and we found that the minimum structure for potent degranulation inhibitory activity requires direct connection of the butyl ester moiety on the benzene ring and at least one hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. Butyl meta or para hydroxyl benzoate (10 or 11) has a simpler structure than that of 5 and exhibited more potent degranulation inhibitory activity than that of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ishimata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan.
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4
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Zhao YH, Kong DS, Han LN, Hu LH, Zhang Z, Liu JJ, Liu SX, Qin F, Zhou J. Arsenic trioxide in treatment of de novo acute basophilic leukemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:593-594. [PMID: 23422134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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5
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Chung MJ, Park JK, Park YI. Anti-inflammatory effects of low-molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides in IgE-antigen complex-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and asthma model mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:453-9. [PMID: 22266066 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of low-molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides (LM-COS) prepared from high-molecular weight chitosan by enzymatic digestion were investigated against allergic reaction and allergic asthma in vivo and in vitro. Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways associated with enhanced degranulation and cytokine generation. The LM-COS (<1 kDa), consisting of glucosamine (GlcN)(n), n=3-5, were capable of inhibiting both antigen-stimulated degranulation and cytokine generation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. The protective effect of LM-COS against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation in asthma model mice was also examined. Oral administration of LM-COS (16 mg/kg body weight/day) resulted in a significant reduction in both mRNA and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); The protein levels of IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α in BALF were decreased by 5.8-fold, 3.0-fold and 9.9-fold, respectively, compared to those in the OVA-sensitized/challenged asthma control group. These results suggest that the oral administration of LM-COS is effective in alleviating the allergic inflammation in vivo and thus can be a good source material for the development of a potent therapeutic agent against mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses and airway inflammation in allergic inflammatory diseases, including asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/immunology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antigens/immunology
- Asthma/drug therapy
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/metabolism
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chitosan/immunology
- Chitosan/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Glucosamine/immunology
- Glucosamine/pharmacology
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/metabolism
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Weight
- Oligosaccharides/immunology
- Oligosaccharides/pharmacology
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ja Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kritharis A, Brody J, Koduru P, Teichberg S, Allen SL. Acute basophilic leukemia associated with loss of gene ETV6 and protean complications. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e623-6. [PMID: 21576634 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.34.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Basophils/pathology
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy
- Electrocardiography
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/pathology
- Multiple Organ Failure/etiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology
- Treatment Outcome
- ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Kritharis
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
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7
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Chan JHP, Liao W, Lau HYA, Wong WSF. Gab2 antisense oligonucleotide blocks rat basophilic leukemic cell functions. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:937-44. [PMID: 17499196 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adapter molecule Grb2-associated binder-like protein 2 (Gab2) plays a critical role in FcepsilonRI-induced mast cell degranulation and activation. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeted at Gab2 on the immune responses of rat basophilic leukemic (RBL)-2H3 cells. Gab2 ASOs were rationally designed and transfected into RBL-2H3 cells. Gab2 mRNA and protein knockdown was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Effects of Gab2 ASO on FcepsilonRI-induced release of histamine and beta-hexosaminidase was measured by EIA and an enzymatic assay, respectively; signaling events by immunoblotting; and cytokine mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Effects of Gab2 ASO on cell adhesion and migration were performed on fibronectin-coated 96-well plate and transwells cell culture chambers, respectively. We have characterized a phosphorothioate-modified ASO targeted at Gab2 mRNA that was able to knockdown Gab2 mRNA and protein in RBL-2H3 cells. Gab2 ASO significantly blocked IgE-mediated mast cell release of beta-hexosaminidase and histamine; phosphorylation of Akt, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and PKCdelta; and up-regulation of cytokine mRNA levels (e.g. IL-4, -6, -9 and -13, and TNF-alpha). In addition, Gab2 ASO markedly prevented mast cell adhesion to fibronectin-coated plates and restrained random migration of RBL-2H3 cells in cell culture chambers. Our findings show that Gab2 knockdown in RBL-2H3 cells by ASO strategy can suppress many aspects of the mast cell functions and, therefore, a selective Gab2 ASO may have therapeutic potential for mast cell-dependent allergic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Basophils/immunology
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Gene Targeting
- Histamine Release/genetics
- Histamine Release/immunology
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/immunology
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, IgE/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgE/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H P Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Shin SY, Koo SH, Kwon KC, Park JW, Ko CS, Jo DY. Monosomy 7 as the sole abnormality of an acute basophilic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 172:168-71. [PMID: 17213028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 72-year-old man who had the very rare disease acute basophilic leukemia with the sole chromosomal finding of a monosomy 7. Most nuclear cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were either basophils or blasts. The blasts showed negative reaction with myeloperoxidase, periodic acid Schiff, chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and Sudan black B. Metachromatic features of the blasts, however, were observed with toluidine blue stain. Electron microscopic evaluation showed the typical ultrastructure, with basophil and immature mast cell granules. Cytogenetic study revealed monosomy 7 in all metaphase cells, and this finding was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The Philadelphia chromosome was absent. Review of the literature revealed abnormalities in cases of ABL. To our knowledge, the case reported here is the first to have basophilic leukemia with monosomy 7 as the only chromosome abnormality.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/ultrastructure
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Monosomy/diagnosis
- Monosomy/genetics
- Monosomy/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
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9
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Saito SY, Maruyama Y, Kamiyama S, Nakahata N, Ohizumi Y. Ephedrae herba in Mao-Bushi-Saishin-To inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release and increases cAMP content in RBL-2H3 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 95:41-6. [PMID: 15153649 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.95.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute effect of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-To (Ma-Huang-Fu-Zi-Xi-Xin-Tang in Chinese: MBS) on histamine release was investigated. The IgE-mediated anaphylaxic response in Wistar rats was significantly suppressed by MBS and Mao. However, Saishin and Bushi had no or little effect on the antigen-mediated anaphylaxic reaction. Mao as well as MBS but not Saishin nor Bushi inhibited IgE-mediated histamine release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Consistently, MBS and Mao but not Bushi nor Saishin increased cAMP levels in RBL-2H3 cells. However, ephedrine, methylephedrine, and pseudoephedrine, the main components in Mao, did not affect histamine release. From these results, increase of cAMP levels may account for the inhibitory effect of Mao on histamine release. Furthermore, these inhibitory actions of MBS were mainly due to Mao with an ingredient(s) different from ephedrines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Saito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Kamiya S, Kawaguchi T, Hasebe S, Kamiya N, Saito Y, Miura S, Wada S, Yajima H, Katayama T, Fukai F. A fibronectin fragment induces tumor necrosis factor production of rat basophilic leukemia cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1675:87-94. [PMID: 15535971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic digest of fibronectin (FN), but not intact FN, induced TNF-alpha secretion of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. As a result of the identification of FN fragment responsible for TNF-alpha secretion, a 30-kDa fragment derived from the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding (Hep 2) domain of FN was isolated from the FN digest. The TNF-alpha secretion was abrogated by treatment of RBL-2H3 cells with cycloheximide, indicating the de novo synthesis of TNF-alpha, but not with polymyxin B, excluding the possible TNF-alpha induction by some contaminated lipopolysaccharides. A 22-mer synthetic peptide originated from the Hep 2 domain, termed FNIII14, which has been found to negatively modulate the beta1 integrin activation, had the ability to induce TNF-alpha production, whereas this activity of FNIII14 disappeared by shuffling a YTIYVIAL sequence essential for the integrin-inactivating activity. FNIII14 suppressed the spreading of RBL-2H3 cells on FN substrate, wherein RBL-2H3 cell proliferation was inhibited with FNIII14 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, it appears that FN fragments containing the YTIYVIAL anti-adhesive site affect the activation status of RBL-2H3 mast cells, characterized by the stimulation of TNF-alpha production and growth suppression, probably due to negative regulation of beta1 integrin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadahiro Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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11
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Wender PA, Baryza JL, Brenner SE, Clarke MO, Craske ML, Horan JC, Meyer T. Function oriented synthesis: the design, synthesis, PKC binding and translocation activity of a new bryostatin analog. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2004; 1:1-11. [PMID: 16472215 DOI: 10.2174/1570163043484888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1 represents a novel and potent therapeutic lead with a unique activity profile. Its natural and synthetic availability is severely limited. Function oriented synthesis provides a means to address this supply problem through the design of synthetically more accessible simplified structures that at the same time incorporate improved functional activity. Pharmacophore searching and a new computer aided visualization of a possible binding mode are combined with an understanding of function and knowledge of synthesis to design and prepare a new and simplified compound with bryostatin-like function in biological systems. This new compound is a potent ligand for protein kinase C in vitro (K(i) = 8.0 nM). More significantly, the described molecule retains the functional ability to translocate a PKCdelta-GFP fusion protein in RBL cells. The extent of protein translocation and the sub-cellular localization induced by this new compound is similar to that seen in response to bryostatin 1, indicating that the new molecule retains the functional activity of the natural product but is simpler and can be synthesized in a practical fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Yokohama A, Tsukamoto N, Hatsumi N, Suto M, Akiba T, Uchiumi H, Maehara T, Matsushima T, Karasawa M, Murakami H, Shinonome S, Saito H, Nojima Y. Acute basophilic leukemia lacking basophil-specific antigens: the importance of cytokine receptor expression in differential diagnosis. Int J Hematol 2002; 75:309-13. [PMID: 11999362 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
De novo acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) is a rare form of myeloid leukemia. The low prevalence of ABL makes it difficult to define its clinical characteristics and to establish an effective therapeutic protocol. We present here a case of de novo ABL in a 64-year-old Japanese man. The diagnosis of ABL depended on the following: (1) metachromasia with toluidine blue stain, (2) intracytoplasmic theta granules identified by electron microscopy, and (3) findings obtained from extensive immunophenotypic analysis. Although blast cells lacked basophil-specific antigens such as CDw17, CD88, and FcepsilonRI, an expression profile of cytokine receptors including CD116 (GM-CSF receptor), CD117 (c-kit), and CD123 (IL-3 receptor alpha) helped to define the cellular lineage in our case. The patient achieved complete remission with intensive chemotherapy composed of idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside and was disease free during the following 30 months. We propose that immunophenotyping, especially focusing on cytokine receptors, is useful in diagnosing ABL.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Idarubicin/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/immunology
- Male
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, IgE/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Yokohama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University, School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
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13
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Abstract
Acute basophilic leukemia has recently been included into a revised classification of acute leukemias proposed by the WHO panel. Due to the rarity of the disease, consistent diagnostic criteria are lacking. We report on two cases of acute basophilic leukemia that occurred in our department during the last 10 yr. We focus on their clinical, morphological and cytogenetic presentation. Both patients were >60 yr of age, and presented in good clinical condition with alterations to their full blood count. None had cutaneous symptoms such as erythema or urticaria. Cytogenetic analyses in the first patient showed a normal karyotype, while the second displayed a translocation t(2;6); (q23?4;p22?3), as well as a del (12)(p11). Earlier observations have linked bone marrow basophilia either to a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 12 (p11-13), to translocations involving the long arm of chomosome 6 at 6q23 or to the translocation t(6,9); (p23;q34). However, other translocations involving chromosome 6p23 have not been described before. Treatment of our patients consisted of supportive treatment in the one with normal karyotype and aggressive chemotherapy in the other patient. Both patients died within one year after diagnosis due to progressive or recurrent leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Giagounidis
- Medizinische Klinik II, St Johannes Hospital, Duisburg, Germany.
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Scolyer RA, Brun M, D'Rozario J, Webb M. Acute basophilic leukemia presenting with abnormal liver function tests and the absence of blast cells in the peripheral blood. Pathology 2000; 32:52-5. [PMID: 10740808 DOI: 10.1080/003130200104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute basophilic leukemia is an uncommon form of acute leukemia, rarely occurring as a de novo disease. We describe a case of de novo acute basophilic leukemia occurring in a 47-year-old man who presented with abnormal liver function tests in the absence of leukemic infiltration of the liver. We postulate that this presentation occurred as a consequence of pathophysiological features of the malignant basophilic blast cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Idarubicin/therapeutic use
- Immunophenotyping
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemic Infiltration/pathology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Function Tests
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Scolyer
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
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Abstract
Basophilic leukemia with thrombocytosis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old Shih Tzu. This diagnosis was based on cytochemical staining and cytologic examination of blood and bone marrow smears. Hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, at a dose of 50 mg/kg PO bid induced hematologic remission after 7 days of treatment. Adverse effects observed included pruritus, erythema of the ventral abdomen, generalized alopecia, and possibly, diabetes mellitus. The dog remained in remission for 21 months before becoming lethargic, at which time the owners requested euthanasia but did not allow a necropsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mears
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute de novo basophilic leukemia (ABL) is uncommon in adults, and extremely rare in children. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of anaphylactoid reactions from basophilic degranulation in children with this condition. METHODS This report describes the clinicopathologic profile and complications of a patient with de novo ABL. RESULTS Immediately after the first induction dose of intravenous vincristine, the patient developed an anaphylactoid reaction and disseminated intravascular coagulation with massive pulmonary hemorrhage. A normal serum tryptase level suggested that this life-threatening event was secondary to tumor lysis (basophilic degranulation), rather than to a mast-cell mediated anaphylactic reaction to vincristine. This interpretation is supported by the coagulation studies, which suggested release of heparin from the blast granules. CONCLUSIONS Although de novo ABL is rare, it should be considered when cytoplasmic basophilic granules are seen in the leukemic cells of patients with what otherwise appears to be undifferentiated leukemia, and the pertinent diagnostic procedures should be undertaken. During the treatment of ABL, potential complications related to basophilic degranulation should be anticipated, and antihistamine prophylaxis may be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bernini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-9063
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