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Khan FA, Irshad R, Tanveer N, Yaqoob S, Razaullah, Ali R, Ali N, Saifullah J, Ali Hasan K, Naz S, Qadir A, Jabeen A, Wang Y. Unleashing the potential of vanillic acid: A new twist on nature's recipe to fight inflammation and circumvent azole-resistant fungal infections. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107254. [PMID: 38432152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Vanillic acid (VA) - a naturally occurring phenolic compound in plants - is not only used as a flavoring agent but also a prominent metabolite post tea consumption. VA and its associated compounds are believed to play a significant role in preventing diseases, underscoring the need for a systematic investigation. Herein, we report a 4-step synthesis employing the classical organic reactions, such as Willamson's alkylation, Fischer-Spier reaction, and Steglich esterification, complemented with a protection-deprotection strategy to prepare 46 VA derivatives across the five series (1a-1i, 2a-2i, 3, 3a-3i, 4a-4i, 5a-5i) in high yields. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and toxic effects. Notably, compound 1a demonstrated remarkable ROS inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.1 ± 0.7 µg/mL, which is more than twice as effective as the standard ibuprofen drug. A subset of the synthesized derivatives (2b, 2c, 2e, 3b-3d, 4a-4c, 5a, and 5e) manifested their antifungal effect against drug-resistant Candida strains. Compound 5g, in particular, revealed synergism with the established antifungal drugs amphotericin B (AMB) and fluconazole (FLZ), doubling FLZ's potency against azole resistant Candida albican ATCC 36082. Furthermore, 5g improved the potency of these antifungals against FLZ-sensitive strains, including C. glabrata ATCC 2001 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, as well as various multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida strains, namely C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans CL1, and C. krusei SH2L OM341600. Additionally, pharmacodynamics of compound 5g was examined using time-kill assay, and a benign safety profile was observed with no hemolytic activity in whole blood, and no cytotoxicity towards the normal BJ human cell line. The synergistic potential of 5g was further investigated through both experimental methods and docking simulations.These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of VA derivatives, particularly in addressing inflammation and circumventing FLZ resistance in Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Rimsha Irshad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Tanveer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sana Yaqoob
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Razaullah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jafar Saifullah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Molecular and Structural Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Shahida Naz
- Molecular and Structural Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Alamri ES, El Rabey HA. The Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Vanillic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:4873544. [PMID: 38577302 PMCID: PMC10994697 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4873544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity of biological molecules for drug delivery to diseased sites. This study explains how silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coating enhanced the protection effects of vanillic acid in male diabetic rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) for this investigation. The first group (G1) is untreated, whereas diabetes was induced in the other three groups through STZ injection. Diabetic rats that were not getting therapy were included in the second group (G2, STZ-positive), whereas the other diabetic rats were divided into the third group (G3, vanillic acid-treated) and the fourth group (G4, vanillic acid-coated AgNPs treated). The treatment lasted four weeks. In G2, the induction of diabetes significantly (at P = 0.05) increased in serum glucose, glycated proteins, renal indices, interleukin-6 (IL-6), K+, immunoglobulins, and lipid peroxidation, while decreased Ca++, Na+, and other antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate. In addition, pathological altered signs were present in the pancreas and kidneys of diabetic rats. The renal and pancreatic tissues were effectively enhanced by vanillic acid or vanillic acid-coated AgNPs, bringing them very close to their prediabetic conditions. Vanillic acid-coated AgNPs offered a stronger defense against STZ-induced diabetes and lessened the effects of hyperglycemia compared to ordinary vanillic acid. Additionally, using vanillic acid coated with silver nanoparticles greatly increased the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity and reduced inflammation when compared to using vanillic acid alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel Fattah S, Ibrahim MEED, El-Din SS, Emam HS, Algaleel WAA. Possible therapeutic role of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus vanillic acid in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in adult albino rat: A histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Life Sci 2023; 334:122190. [PMID: 37866805 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for alternative therapies for treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been increasingly studied to avoid the common adverse effects of the usual regimens. Therefore, this study aimed at delineating possible mechanisms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and possible therapeutic role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) versus vanillic acid. METHODS Forty rats were divided into five groups: control, sham control, Testosterone-induced BPH, BPH and Zn-NPs, and BPH and vanillic acid. Light microscopic, immune-histochemical; PCNA, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, p-Akt and p-mTOR, histomorphometric analysis, MDA/SOD and GPx and were done. Gene expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR and survivin were evaluated. RESULTS Application of zinc oxide nanoparticles as well as vanillic acid significantly reduced prostatic index, epithelial thickness, stromal collagen fibers, expression of PCNA, Bcl2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and MDA tissue level (p < 0.05). Whereas expression of Bax and caspase 3, and tissue levels of SOD and GPx were significantly increased in groups treated with Zno-Nps and vanillic acid compared to that of BPH group. Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed a better effect than vanillic acid in alleviating BPH. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that ZnO-NPs as well as VA ameliorated the histolo-pathological and biochemical effects of induced BPH, moreover they improved the proapoptotic and antioxidant parameters which ere induced in BPH. It is recommended to search for new agents to prevent the development and progression of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Abdel Fattah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Shimaa Saad El-Din
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hadeel Sayed Emam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Qin L, Tan J, Lv X, Zhang J. Vanillic acid alleviates liver fibrosis through inhibiting autophagy in hepatic stellate cells via the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115673. [PMID: 37857251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MIF/CD74 signaling pathway and autophagy may be closely related to liver fibrosis. Vanillic acid (VA) is likely to have an anti-liver fibrosis effect, although related studies have not been reported. The aim of this study was to verify the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) autophagy and the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, and to investigate the effect of VA on liver fibrosis through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our results showed that VA significantly attenuated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. The alleviation of liver fibrosis with VA treatment was associated with a reduction of MIF, CD74, α-SMA, LC3B and Collagen 1. In addition, VA, MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) and autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HSCs. This study indicates that VA could protect against HSCs activation, proliferation and migration by inhibiting the autophagy in HSCs via the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway so that alleviates liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases (Hubei Minzu University), Enshi, 445000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawu Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Lv
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province 445000, People's Republic of China.
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Mentese A, Demir S, Kucuk H, Yulug E, Alemdar NT, Demir EA, Aliyazicioglu Y. Vanillic acid abrogates cisplatin-induced ovotoxicity through activating Nrf2 pathway. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102161. [PMID: 37478646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Although cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective anticancer agent, the ovotoxicity that can occur in female patients limits its use. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are known to contribute to CDDP-induced ovotoxicity. Vanillic acid (VA) is a dietary herbal secondary metabolite with high free radical scavenging activity. It was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of VA against CDDP-induced ovotoxicity in rats in this study for the first time. Ovotoxicity was achieved with a single dose of CDDP (5 mg/kg) in female rats. The therapeutic effect of VA was evaluated with 3-day administration of two different doses (5 and 10 mg/kg). While OS, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis markers were measured in tissue samples, the levels of reproductive hormones were determined in serum samples using colorimetric methods. The results showed that CDDP-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibition combined with increased OS, inflammation, ERS and apoptosis increased ovarian damage. VA treatments reversed these changes via activating Nrf2 pathway dose-dependently. In addition, histopathological findings also supported the biochemical results. VA may be a good therapeutic molecule candidate for CDDP-induced ovarian damage due to strong antioxidant and Nrf2 activator properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Kucuk
- Department of Pathology, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 61250 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Esin Yulug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nihal Turkmen Alemdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Elif Ayazoglu Demir
- Department of Ch emistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, 61750 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Aliyazicioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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Osorio-Paz I, Valle-Jiménez X, Brunauer R, Alavez S. Vanillic Acid Improves Stress Resistance and Substantially Extends Life Span in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1100-1107. [PMID: 36941756 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the root cause of several pathologies like neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Identifying compounds that improve health span and extend life span, called geroprotectors, could be crucial to preventing or at least delaying the onset of age-related diseases. In this regard, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is emerging as an easy, efficient, low-cost model system to screen natural products and identify novel geroprotectors. Phenolic acids can be found in a wide range of natural products that are part of the human diet. Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic acid that has previously been attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective features. To determine whether these beneficial health effects amount to an extension of health span and life span, in this work, we thoroughly explore the effect of VA on C. elegans stress resistance and life span. We found that VA increases thermotolerance (19.4%), reduces protein aggregation (between 30% and 40%), improves motility, and extends life span by almost 50%, an extent hardly ever achieved with a natural compound. The increased thermotolerance induced by VA is independent of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway but requires heat shock factor-1 and is associated with increased heat shock protein-4 (HSP-4) and hsp-16.2 expression. These results provide new insight into understanding the therapeutical properties of VA and warrant further investigation of VA as a novel geroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Osorio-Paz
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Lerma, State of México, México
| | - Xareni Valle-Jiménez
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Lerma, State of México, México
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Silvestre Alavez
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Campus Lerma, State of México, México
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Zhu M, Tang X, Zhu Z, Gong Z, Tang W, Hu Y, Cheng C, Wang H, Sarwar A, Chen Y, Liu F, Huo J, Wang X, Zhang Y. STING activation in macrophages by vanillic acid exhibits antineoplastic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115618. [PMID: 37211172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The host stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a major innate immune sensing pathway, and the stimulation of this pathway within antigen-presenting cells shows promise in targeting immune-suppressed tumors. Macrophages resident in tumors exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and enhance tumor growth and development. Polarizing such macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype is an effective strategy for tumor suppression. In the present study, we observed that the STING pathway was inactivated in breast and lung carcinomas, and a positive correlation existed between STING and macrophage markers in these tumors. We found that vanillic acid (VA) could stimulate the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway. VA mediated the production of type I IFN and promoted macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype; this activity was dependent on STING activation. A direct-contact co-culture model and a transwell co-culture model revealed that macrophages with VA-induced STING activation exhibited anti-proliferative effects on SKBR3 and H1299 cells, although a STING antagonist and M2 macrophage-related cytokines alleviated this anti-proliferative effect. Further investigation indicated that phagocytosis and apoptosis-inducing effects were the major mediators of the anti-tumor effect of VA-treated macrophages. Mechanistically, VA promoted the polarization of macrophages to a M1 phenotype via IL-6R/JAK signaling, resulting in enhanced phagocytosis and apoptosis-induction effects. Additionally, STING activation-induced IFNβ production also participated in the apoptosis mediated by VA-treated macrophage in SKBR3 and H1299 cells. Mouse models with 4 T1 tumors confirmed the anti-tumor properties of VA in vivo and revealed the infiltration of VA-induced cytotoxic T cells into the tumors. These data suggest that VA is an effective agonist of STING and provides a new perspective for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zeren Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhengyan Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ammar Sarwar
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanbin Chen
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, China; Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, China; Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Jian Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta Weststreet, #54, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Farzan M, Farzan M, Amini-Khoei H, Shahrani M, Bijad E, Anjomshoa M, Shabani S. Protective effects of vanillic acid on autistic-like behaviors in a rat model of maternal separation stress: Behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular and histopathological alterations. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110112. [PMID: 37030116 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounds derived from herbs exhibit a range of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, the exact mechanism of action of these compounds in various neurological disorders is not fully discovered yet. Herein, the present work detected the effect of Vanillic acid (VA), a widely-used flavoring agent derived from vanillin, on autistic-like behaviors to assess the probable underlying mechanisms that mediate behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular, and histopathological alterations in the rat model of maternal separation (MS) stress. Maternal separated rats were treated with VA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg interperitoneally for 14 days). In addition, anxiety-like, autistic-like behaviors, and learning and memory impairment were evaluated using various behavioral tests. Hippocampus samples were assessed histopathologically by H&E staining. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (by the FRAP method), as well as nitrite levels, were measured in brain tissue. Moreover, gene expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TLR-4, TNF-α, and NLRP3) was evaluated in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological alterations were also estimated in the hippocampus by long-term potentiation (LTP) assessments. Results showed that VA reversed the negative effects of MS on behavior. VA increased the diameter and decreased the percentage of dark neurons in the CA3 area. Accordingly, VA decreased MDA and nitrite levels and increased the antioxidant capacity in brain samples and decreased the expression of all inflammatory genes. VA treated rats showed significant improvements in all LTP parameters. This study provided evidence suggesting a possible role for VA in preventing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by regulating immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahour Farzan
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mahan Farzan
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Shahrani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Anjomshoa
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Mohan S, Nair A, Poornima MS, Raghu KG. Vanillic acid mitigates hyperinsulinemia induced ER stress mediated altered calcium homeostasis, MAMs distortion and surplus lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110365. [PMID: 36764371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia (HI) induced insulin resistance (IR) and associated pathologies are the burning and unsolvable issues in diabetes treatment. The cellular, molecular and biochemical events associated with HI are not yet elucidated. Similarly, no focused research on designing therapeutic strategies with natural products for attenuation of HI are seen in literature. Keeping this in mind we planned the present study to evaluate the alterations occurring at ER/Ca2+ homeostasis/mitochondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) in HepG2 cells during HI and to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of vanillic acid (VA) to mitigate the complications. An in vitro model of HI was established by treating HepG2 cells with human insulin (1 μM) for 24 h. Then, ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, MAMs, IR and hepatic lipogenesis were studied at protein level. Various proteins critical to ER, Ca2+ homeostasis and MAMs such as p-IRE-1α, ATF6, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, p-CAMKII, InsP3R, SERCA, JNK, GRP78, VDAC, Cyp D, GRP75, MFN2, PTEN and mTORC were studied and found altered significantly causing ER stress, defect in Ca2+ movements and distortion of MAMs. The decreased expression of IRS2 and an unaltered expression of IRS1 confirmed the development of selective insulin resistance in hepatocytes during HI and this was the crucial factor for the progression of the hepatic lipid accumulation. We found simultaneous treatment of VA is beneficial up to a certain extent to protect HepG2 cells from the adverse effect of HI via its antioxidant, antilipogenic, mitochondrial and ER protection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelekshmi Mohan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anupama Nair
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - M S Poornima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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10
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Alamri ES, El Rabey HA, Alzahrani OR, Almutairi FM, Attia ES, Bayomy HM, Albalwi RA, Rezk SM. Enhancement of the Protective Activity of Vanillic Acid against Tetrachloro-Carbon (CCl 4) Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats by the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238308. [PMID: 36500401 PMCID: PMC9737075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the hepatoprotective activity of vanillic acid, silymarin, and vanillic acid-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was tested in male rats for four weeks. Thirty male rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). The 1st group was a negative control, the 2nd group was a positive control, the 3rd group was treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vanillic acid, the 4th group was treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vanillic acid-AgNPs, and the 5th group was treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. of silymarin. The CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in the 2nd group was revealed by the liver function and all other biochemical tests. Liver enzymes, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-6 were elevated, whereas, total protein, antioxidant enzymes, and irisin were decreased compared to the negative control. The hepatic tissues were also injured as a result of the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Treating the hepatotoxic rats with vanillic acid moderately protected the rats of the 3rd group, whereas treatment with vanillic AgNPs and silymarin in G4 and G5, respectively, greatly protected the rats against the CCl4 hepatotoxicity, approaching the normal biochemical levels and liver tissue appearance. The biochemical tests were confirmed by the histological investigations of liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Fahad M. Almutairi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S. Attia
- National Nutrition Institute, Ministry of Health, Cairo 4262114, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Bayomy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Renad A. Albalwi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar M. Rezk
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Mahalla Hepatology Teaching Hospital, El-Mahalla El-Kubra 4260010, Egypt
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11
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Sansenya S, Payaka A. Inhibitory potential of phenolic compounds of Thai colored rice (Oryza sativa L.) against α-glucosidase and α-amylase through in vitro and in silico studies. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6718-6726. [PMID: 35620810 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the inhibitory efficiency of phenolic compounds content methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The phenolic compound contents of 10 Thai colored rice cultivars were also determined, and the relationship between the inhibitory efficiency of colored rice extract with methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid was evaluated. RESULTS The results revealed that the inhibition efficiency of methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid was higher against α-glucosidase than against α-amylase. Inhibitory activity of vanillic acid against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was highest, with IC50 of 0.100 ± 0.01 and 0.130 ± 0.02 mmol L-1 , respectively. Docking study showed strong binding by three hydrogen bonds and four hydrogen bonds between vanillic acid with the amino acid in the binding site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. Inhibition modes of these phenolic compounds were defined as a mixed type inhibition against α-glucosidase. Highest phenolic compound contents of methyl vanillate, syringic acid and vanillic acid were obtained from methanol extracts of all rice cultivars. The methanol extracts of all colored rice cultivars such as Khao Leum Pua also showed the highest inhibition potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The results indicated that these phenolic compound contents were closely related to the inhibition potential of colored rice extracts against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that rice, especially colored rice cultivars, has the source of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the phenolic compounds had the greatest source of natural inhibitor against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompong Sansenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Apirak Payaka
- School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Group in Applied, Computational and Theoretical Science (ACTS), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Girawale SD, Meena SN, Nandre VS, Waghmode SB, Kodam KM. Biosynthesis of vanillic acid by Ochrobactrum anthropi and its applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:117000. [PMID: 36095944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vanillic acid has always been in high-demand in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, flavor, alcohol and polymer industries. Present study achieved highly pure synthesis of vanillic acid from vanillin using whole cells of Ochrobactrum anthropi strain T5_1. The complete biotransformation of vanillin (2 g/L) in to vanillic acid (2.2 g/L) with 95 % yield was achieved in single step in 7 h, whereas 5 g/L vanillin was converted to vanillic acid in 31 h. The vanillic acid thus produced was validated using LC-MS, GC-MS, FTIR and NMR. Further, vanillic acid was evaluated for in vitro anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic properties on B16F1 skin cell line in dose dependent manner with IC50 values of 15.84 mM and 9.24 mM respectively. The in silico Swiss target study predicted carbonic acid anhydrase IX and XII as key targets of vanillic acid inside the B16F1 skin cell line and revealed the possible mechanism underlying cell toxicity. Molecular docking indicated a strong linkage between vanillic acid and tyrosinase through four hydrogen and several hydrophobic bonds, with ΔG of -3.36 kJ/mol and Ki of 3.46 mM. The bioavailability of vanillic acid was confirmed by the Swiss ADME study with no violation of Lipinski's five rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita D Girawale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Surya N Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Vinod S Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Suresh B Waghmode
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Kisan M Kodam
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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Wu Q, Naeem A, Zou J, Yu C, Wang Y, Chen J, Ping Y. Isolation of Phenolic Compounds from Raspberry Based on Molecular Imprinting Techniques and Investigation of Their Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206893. [PMID: 36296486 PMCID: PMC9611113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Raspberry fruits contain polyphenols which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we used molecular imprinting technology to efficiently isolate phenolic components from the raspberry ethyl acetate extracts. Six phenolic components (ellagic acid, tiliroside, kaempferol-3-o-rutoside, gallic acid, ferulic acid and vanillic acid) were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Molecular docking was used to predict the anti-inflammatory effects and anti-Alzheimer's potential of these isolated compounds, which showed a good binding ability to diseases and related proteins. However, the binding energy and docking fraction of ellagic acid, tiliroside, and kaempferol-3-o-rutoside were better than those of gallic acid, ferulic acid and vanillic acid. Additionally, by studying the effects of these six phenolic components on the LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory mediators in murine microglial (BV2) cells, it was further demonstrated that they were all capable of inhibiting the secretion of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β to a certain extent. However, ellagic acid, tiliroside, and kaempferol-3-o-rutoside have better inhibitory effects compared to others. The results obtained suggest that the phenolic components extracted from ethyl acetate extracts of raspberry by molecularly imprinted polymers have the potential to inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jiamei Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jingbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM Syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Impairment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuhui Ping
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence:
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Ogunlade B, Gbotolorun SC, Adedotun OA, Iteire K, Adejayi J. Vanillic acid and vitamin C attenuated di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats. Reprod Fertil 2022; 3:220-230. [PMID: 35980228 PMCID: PMC9578065 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used plasticizer which has raised some concerns about its safety on human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of vanillic acid (VA) and vitamin C (VC) supplementation on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (A-G) (n = 5) receiving distilled water; 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP only; 30 mg/kg bw of VA and 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP; 30 mg/kg bw of VC and 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP; 30 mg/kg bw of DEHP plus 30 mg/kg bw of VA and 30 mg/kg bw of VC; 30 mg/kg bw of VA only; and 30 mg/kg bw of VC only, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the heart via cardiac puncture and stored, semen was collected from the caudal epididymis for immediate sperm analysis, while the testes were excised and preserved for histological examination and biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in body weights, sperm motility, sperm volume, sperm viability and count, antioxidant levels, and reproductive hormonal levels, with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in sperm morphological defect and lipid peroxidation level in DEHP-only group compared with the control but was ameliorated after VA and VC administration compared to the DEHP-only treated animals. VA and VC supplementation attenuated the toxic effects of DEHP on the testicular functions, morphology, and semen characterization of the experimental adult male Wistar rats. Lay summary Male infertility is considered when identifiable female causes of infertility are excluded and semen quantity and quality fail to fulfil World Health Organization criteria. From conception through to adulthood, people are exposed to limitless environmental toxicants among which di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) commonly found in personal care products, cosmetics, and medical devices is prevalent. The present study elaborated on the importance of taking antioxidant-rich foods containing vitamin C and vanillic acid, such as those found in various fruits, olives, whole wheat, and cereal grains, in combating infertility caused by environmental toxicants. An experiment was carried out on rats to see the effect of vanillic acid and vitamin C supplementation on preventing DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. The testicles and semen were analyzed from five rats in each treated and control groups. The data led us to conclude that vanillic acid and vitamin C supplementation do have attenuating effects on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity, due to their high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ogunlade
- Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - O A Adedotun
- Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - K Iteire
- Anatomy Department, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - J Adejayi
- Behavioral and Aging Lab, Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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15
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Oke IM, Ramorobi LM, Mashele SS, Bonnet SL, Makhafola TJ, Eze KC, Noreljaleel AEM, Chukwuma CI. Vanillic acid-Zn(II) complex: a novel complex with antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1703-1714. [PMID: 34109975 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative properties of a new Zn(II) complex of vanillic acid. METHODS The complex was synthesized using ZnSO4.7H2O and vanillic acid as precursors. NMR and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the synthesized complex. The cytotoxicity of the complex was measured. The antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of the complex were evaluated using in vitro, cell-based and ex vivo models and compared with those of its precursors. KEY FINDINGS Zn(II) coordinated with vanillic acid via a Zn(O6) coordination, with the complex having three moieties of vanillic acid. The radical scavenging, Fe3+ reducing and hepatic antilipid peroxidative activity of the complex were, respectively, 2.3-, 1.8- and 9.7-folds more potent than vanillic acid. Complexation increased the α-glucosidase and glycation inhibitory activity of vanillic acid by 3- and 2.6-folds, respectively. Zn(II) conferred potent L-6 myotube (EC50 = 20.4 μm) and muscle tissue (EC50 = 612 μm) glucose uptake effects on vanillic acid. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the complex did not reduce the viability of L-6 myotubes and Chang liver cells. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that Zn(II)-vanillic acid complex had improved bioactivity relative to vanillic acid. Thus, Zn(II) may be further studied as an antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidative adjuvant for bioactive phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifedolapo M Oke
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Limpho M Ramorobi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Samson S Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Susanna L Bonnet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso J Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Kenneth C Eze
- Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Anwar E M Noreljaleel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
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Akbar S, Ishtiaq S, Jahangir M, Elhady SS, Bogari HA, Alahdal AM, Ashour ML, Youssef FS. Evaluation of The Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Dicliptera bupleuroides Isolated Compounds Using In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237196. [PMID: 34885777 PMCID: PMC8659019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of chloroform fraction (DBC) and ethyl acetate fraction (DBE) of D. bupleuroides (Acanthaceae) resulted in the isolation of β-sitosterol (1) from DBC and vanillic acid (2) from DBE, which were first to be isolated from D. bupleuroides. β-Sitosterol (1) exhibited substantial antioxidant activity (IC50 = 198.87 µg/mL), whereas vanillic acid (2) showed significant antioxidant power (IC50 = 92.68 µg/mL) employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical scavenging capacity assay. Both compounds showed pronounced antimicrobial activity using the agar disc diffusion method, particularly against fungi showing MIC values of 0.182 and 0.02 concerning Candida albicans, respectively, and 0.001 mg/mL regarding Penicillium notatum. They revealed considerable antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging between 0.467 and 0.809 mg/mL. Vanillic acid (2) exhibited substantial anticancer potential displaying 48.67% cell viability at a concentration of 100 μg/mL using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium Bromide) assay concerning HepG2 cell lines. These results were further consolidated by in silico studies on different enzymes, where vanillic acid displayed a high fitting score in the active pockets of DNA-gyrase, dihydrofolate reductase, aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase, and β-lactamase. It also inhibited human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) and DNA topoisomerase II, as revealed by the in silico studies. ADME/TOPKAT (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction showed that vanillic acid exhibited reasonable pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties and, thus, could perfectly together with D. bupleuroides crude extract be incorporated in pharmaceutical preparations to counteract cancer and microbial invasion, as well as oxidative stress. Thus, it is concluded that D. bupleroides could be a potential source of therapeutically active compounds, which would be helpful for the discovery of clinically effective and safe drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanin A. Bogari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdelrahman M. Alahdal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Liu H, Xiao M, Zuo J, He X, Lu P, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xia F. Vanillic acid combats Vibrio alginolyticus by cell membrane damage and biofilm reduction. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1799-1809. [PMID: 34310732 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are the most powerful weapon against bacterial infectious diseases in aquaculture. However, the indiscriminate usage of antibiotics often culminates in the emerging development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making it imperative to search for novel types of antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibacterial and antivirulence effects of vanillic acid (VA) against the fish pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus. We showed that VA had a good anti-Vibrio activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.0 mg/ml. In addition, VA wielded its antibacterial action in a dose-/time-dependent manner by causing cell membrane damage and increasing membrane permeability, which is evidenced by increasing the conductivity and malondialdehyde content in the treated cell cultures and the scanning electron microscopy images. Furthermore, VA significantly reduced the biofilm-forming capability, mobility and exotoxin production (protease and exopolysaccharide) and downregulation of the expression of biofilm- and virulence-associated genes (sypG, fliS, fliK, lafA, lafK, asp and luxR) was seen in the V. alginolyticus that exposed to VA at subinhibitory concentrations. Overall, our findings suggested that VA may be of interest for treating V. alginolyticus-associated infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agriculture Products Processing Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxian He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingyu Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agriculture Products Processing Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
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Palko-Łabuz A, Gliszczyńska A, Skonieczna M, Poła A, Wesołowska O, Środa-Pomianek K. Conjugation with Phospholipids as a Modification Increasing Anticancer Activity of Phenolic Acids in Metastatic Melanoma-In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8397. [PMID: 34445104 PMCID: PMC8395125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids possess many beneficial biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Unfortunately, their low bioavailability restricts their potential medical uses, as it limits the concentration of phenolic acids achievable in the organism. The conjugation with phospholipids constitutes one of the most effective strategies to enhance compounds bioavailability in biological systems. In the present study, the conjugates of anisic (ANISA) and veratric acid (VA) with phosphatidylcholine (PC) were investigated. Since both ANISA and VA are inhibitors of tyrosinase, a melanocyte enzyme, the expression of which increases during tumorigenesis, anticancer potential of the conjugates was tested in several metastatic melanoma cell lines. The conjugates proved to be antiproliferative, apoptosis-inducing and cell-cycle-affecting agents, selective for cancerous cells and not affecting normal fibroblasts. The conjugates substituted by ANISA and VA, respectively, at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of PC, appeared the most promising, since they were effective against the vast majority of metastatic melanoma cell lines. Additionally, the conjugation of phenolic acids to PC increased their antioxidant activity. Molecular modeling was employed for the first time to estimate the features of the investigated conjugates relevant to their anticancer properties and membrane permeation. Again, the conjugates substituted by phenolic acid at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of PC seemed to be presumably most bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palko-Łabuz
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Poła
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Olga Wesołowska
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.-Ł.); (A.P.); (K.Ś.-P.)
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Sharma N, Khurana N, Muthuraman A, Utreja P. Pharmacological evaluation of vanillic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174112. [PMID: 33901458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anti-Parkinson's effect of vanillic acid (VA) (12 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o.) against rotenone (2 mg/kg s.c.) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. The continuous administration of rotenone for 35 days resulted in rigidity in muscles, catalepsy, and decrease in locomotor activity, body weight, and rearing behaviour along with the generation of oxidative stress in the brain (rise in the TBARS, and SAG level and reduced CAT, and GSH levels). Co-treatment of VA and levodopa-carbidopa (100 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg p.o.) lead to a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the muscle rigidity and catalepsy along with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in body weight, rearing behaviour, locomotion and muscle activity as compared to the rotenone-treated group in the dose dependent manner, showing maximum effect at the 50 mg/kg. It also showed reversal of levels of oxidative stress parameters thus, reducing the neuronal oxidative stress. The level of DA was also estimated which showed an increase in the level of DA in the VA plus standard drug treated animals as compared to rotenone treated group. Histopathological evaluation showed a high number of eosinophilic lesions in the rotenone group which were found to be very less in the VA co-treated group. The study thus proved that co-treatment of VA and levodopa-carbidopa, significantly protected the brain from neuronal damage due to oxidative stress and attenuated the motor defects indicating the possible therapeutic potential of VA as a neuroprotective in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144 411, India; Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Gursagar Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab, 148 001, India; Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144 603, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144 411, India
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Gursagar Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab, 148 001, India; Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Utreja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142 021, India.
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20
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Ahmadi N, Mirazi N, Komaki A, Safari S, Hosseini A. Vanillic acid attenuates amyloid β1-40-induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats: an in vivo investigation. Neurol Res 2021; 43:562-569. [PMID: 33627050 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1893565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorderliness that involves deductible progressive cognition function caused by amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the interstitial space. The increase of Aβ stimulates all kinds of active oxygen and causes oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this investigation, we researched the neuroprotective impacts of vanillic acid (VA) on the Aβ-induced (Aβ1-40) long-term potentiation (LTP) of the hippocampus - a commonly probed synaptic plasticity model that happens at the same time as memory and learning - in the AD rats.Methods: Forty-five male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups (n = 8 rats/group, 200-220 g), and studied as control (standard diet), sham (vehicle), VA (50 mg/kg), Aβ and Aβ + VA (50 mg/kg) groups. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were implemented after the stereotaxic surgery to gauge the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. By the stimulation at high-frequency of the perforate pathway, long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced. To assess the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol group (TTG), blood samples were garnered.Results: In the Aβ-injected rats, EPSP slope, and PS amplitude were significantly reduced after the induction of LTP. Thus, the findings demonstrate that VA decreases the impacts of Aβ on LTP; also, the treatments through VA neuroprotective against the negative effects of Aβ on the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus can decrease the MDA levels and also increase the TTG levels significantly.Discussion: Therefore, based on this experiment on male rats, VA has neuroprotective effects and antioxidants benefits against the Aβ-mediated inhibition of long-term potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Punvittayagul C, Chariyakornkul A, Jarukamjorn K, Wongpoomchai R. Protective Role of Vanillic Acid against Diethylnitrosamine- and 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:2718. [PMID: 34063148 PMCID: PMC8125109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cancer chemopreventive activity of vanillic acid (VA) in diethylnitrosamine- and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced liver and colon carcinogenesis in rats. VA did not induce the formation of hepatic glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci and colonic aberrant crypt foci, demonstrating no carcinogenic activity. VA (75 mg kg-1 body weight) could significantly reduce the number and areas of hepatic GST-P positive foci when administered before carcinogen injections, but no such effect was seen when it was administered after carcinogen injection. No protection was seen in the colon when VA was treated before or after carcinogen injection. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the induction of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that VA significantly induced the expression of GSTA-5 and Nrf-2 genes, which are associated with the detoxification system. Likewise, the antiproliferative effect was noticed by the reduction of Cyclin D1 expression. The apoptotic activity may be due to the upregulation of Caspase-3 and Bad levels and downregulation of the Bcl-2 level. These data suggest that VA exhibited significant protection against diethylnitrosamine- and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which might be related to the induction of the detoxifying enzyme, the reduction of proliferation and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charatda Punvittayagul
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Arpamas Chariyakornkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products Using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Ullah R, Ikram M, Park TJ, Ahmad R, Saeed K, Alam SI, Rehman IU, Khan A, Khan I, Jo MG, Kim MO. Vanillic Acid, a Bioactive Phenolic Compound, Counteracts LPS-Induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010361. [PMID: 33396372 PMCID: PMC7795830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor signaling event, has been associated with several human illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Vanillic acid (V.A), a flavoring agent, is a benzoic acid derivative having a broad range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of V.A in exerting neuroprotection are not well investigated. The present study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of V.A against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, synaptic/memory dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in mice brain. Behavioral tests and biochemical and immunofluorescence assays were applied. Our results indicated increased expression of RAGE and its downstream phospho-c-Jun n-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in the LPS-alone treated group, which was significantly reduced in the V.A + LPS co-treated group. We also found that systemic administration of LPS-injection induced glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) activation and significantly increased expression level of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-KB) and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL1-β), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). However, V.A + LPS co-treatment significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory mediators. Moreover, we also noted that V.A treatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced increases in the expression of AD markers, such as β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)–cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and amyloid-β (Aβ). Furthermore, V.A treatment significantly reversed LPS-induced synaptic loss via enhancing the expression level of pre- and post-synaptic markers (PSD-95 and SYP), and improved memory performance in LPS-alone treated group. Taken together; we suggest that neuroprotective effects of V.A against LPS-induced neurotoxicity might be via inhibition of LPS/RAGE mediated JNK signaling pathway; and encourage future studies that V.A would be a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic candidate in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12OZD, UK;
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Sayed Ibrar Alam
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Amjad Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Min Gi Jo
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.U.); (M.I.); (R.A.); (K.S.); (S.I.A.); (I.U.R.); (A.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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23
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Batool A, Saleem M, Alamgeer , Irfan HM, Younis W, Alotaibi NH, Alharbi KS, Bukhari SNA, Locatelli M, Saleem H. Study on vascular mechanisms underlying the hypotensive effect of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2219-2230. [PMID: 33832894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum halepense L (Poaceae), ordinarily it is known as Johnson grass and locally as baru. This study was designed to find the vascular mechanisms underlying the hypotensive activity of S. halepense. In this study, effect of S. halepense seed extract/fractions on various blood pressure parameters were evaluated in normal and fructose induced hypertensive rats by invasive technique. Possible underlying hypotensive mechanism of active fraction was determined by using various pharmacological inhibitors. S. halepense extract/fractions vasorelaxant effect were also evaluated on rat aorta rings in organ bath and various intracellular signaling pathway inhibitors were used for determination of underlying mechanisms. S. halepense extract/fractions produced blood pressure lowering effect with most significant effect by its aqueous soluble fraction at dose of 10mg/kg. This effect was attenuated by pretreatment of atropine. Aqueous soluble fraction produced endothelium dependent vasorelaxation in rat aortic rings that was inhibited by pretreatment of atropine after phenylephrine induced contraction. The vasorelaxant effect of aqueous soluble fraction was attenuated by potassium channel blockers and also produced inhibitory effect on calcium entry through calcium channels. It also suppressed phenylephrine induced contraction like verapamil. By HPLC analysis found vanillic acid and naringinin in it. In conclusion, aqueous soluble fraction of S.halepense possess phytoconstituents which may be responsible for hypotensive and vasorelaxant effect of Sorghum halepense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Batool
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan/Punjab University college of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - - Alamgeer
- Punjab University college of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Irfan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Younis
- Department of Pharmacy The University of Lahore, Lahore
| | | | | | | | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Huh HW, Song HY, Na YG, Kim M, Han M, Pham TMA, Lee H, Suh J, Lee SJ, Lee HK, Cho CW. Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Veratraldehyde and Its Metabolite Veratric Acid in Rat Plasma: An Application for a Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122800. [PMID: 32560470 PMCID: PMC7357115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of veratraldehyde and its metabolite veratric acid in rat plasma. Cinnamaldehyde was used as an internal standard (IS) and the one-step protein precipitation method with 0.2% formic acid in acetonitrile (mobile phase B) was used for the sample extraction. Reversed C18 column (YMC-Triart C18 column, 50 mm × 2.0 mm, 1.9 µm) was used for chromatographic separation and was maintained at 30 °C. The total run time was 4.5 min and the electrospray ionization in positive mode was used with the transition m/z 167.07 → 139.00 for veratraldehyde, m/z 183.07 → 139.00 for veratric acid, and m/z 133.00 → 55.00 for IS. The developed method exhibited good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9977), and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 3 to 10 ng/mL for the two analytes. Intra-day precision and accuracy parameters met the criteria (within ±15%) during the validation. The bioanalytical method was applied for the determination of veratraldehyde and veratric acid in rat plasma after oral and percutaneous administration of 300 and 600 mg/kg veratraldehyde. Using the analytical methods established in this study, we can confirm the absorption and metabolism of veratraldehyde in rats for various routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Wook Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Hee-Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Young-Guk Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Minki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Mingu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Thi Mai Anh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyeonmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Jungkyu Suh
- Woojung Bio Inc., 145, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16229, Korea; (J.S.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seok-Jong Lee
- Woojung Bio Inc., 145, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16229, Korea; (J.S.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hong-Ki Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.-K.L.); (C.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-42-821-7301 (H.-K.L.); +82-42-821-5934 (C.-W.C.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (H.-K.L. & C.-W.C.)
| | - Cheong-Weon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.W.H.); (H.-Y.S.); (Y.-G.N.); (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.M.A.P.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.-K.L.); (C.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-42-821-7301 (H.-K.L.); +82-42-821-5934 (C.-W.C.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (H.-K.L. & C.-W.C.)
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25
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Ibeji CU, Olasehinde TA, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Vanillin and vanillic acid modulate antioxidant defense system via amelioration of metabolic complications linked to Fe 2+-induced brain tissues damage. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:727-738. [PMID: 32065337 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of phenolics on neurodegenerative diseases has been attributed to their potent antioxidant properties. In the present study, the neuroprotective activities of vanillin and vanillic acid were investigated in Fe2+- induced oxidative toxicity in brain tissues by investigating their therapeutic effects on oxidative imbalance, cholinergic and nucleotide-hydrolyzing enzymes activities, dysregulated metabolic pathways. Their cytotoxicity was investigated in hippocampal neuronal cell lines (HT22). The reduced glutathione level, SOD and catalase activities were ameliorated in tissues treated with the phenolics, with concomitant depletion of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. They inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, while concomitantly elevated ATPase activity. Treatment with vanillin led to restoration of oxidative-depleted metabolites and reactivation of the pentose phosphate and purine metabolism pathways, with concomitant activation of pathways for histidine and selenoamino metabolisms. While vanillic acid restored and reactivated oxidative-depleted metabolites and pathways but did not activate any additional pathway. Both phenolics portrayed good binding affinity for catalase, with vanillic acid having the higher binding energy of -7.0 kcal/mol. Both phenolics were not cytotoxic on HT22 cells, and their toxicity class were predicted to be 4. Only vanillin was predicted to be permeable across the blood brain barrier (BBB). These results insinuate that vanillin and vanillic acid confer a neuroprotective effect on oxidative brain damage, when vanillin being the most potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Tosin A Olasehinde
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Parvin K, Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Mohsin SM, Fujita M. Exogenous vanillic acid enhances salt tolerance of tomato: Insight into plant antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020. [PMID: 32135476 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated vanillic acid-induced salt tolerance in tomato by exploring the plant defense systems. Ten-d-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) seedlings were treated with salt (NaCl; 150 mM) and vanillic acid (VA; 40 and 50 μM) separately and in combination with salt. Salinity restricted seedlings growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower leaf relative water content (RWC) and elevated proline (Pro) content, where higher Na+/K+ ratio indicated the ionic toxicity. Tomato seedlings went through oxidative damage due to acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and confirmed by higher lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under salinity. Conversely, exogenous VA reduced osmotic and ionic toxicity in stressed-seedlings by enhancing the RWC and Pro level, and lowering Na+/K+ ratio, respectively. Exogenous VA up-regulated the components of antioxidant defense system in salt-treated seedlings resulted in the reduction of ROS production, LOX activity and membrane damage in stressed-seedlings. Additionally, VA application caused the reduction of toxic methylglyoxal accumulation under salt stress through the enhancement of glyoxalase system. Thus, VA-induced alleviation of osmotic, ionic and oxidative stresses leading to improve plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in stressed-seedlings. So, VA significantly improves salinity tolerance and plant growth performance by involving the actions of plant antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet, 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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Parvin K, Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Mohsin SM, Fujita M. Exogenous vanillic acid enhances salt tolerance of tomato: Insight into plant antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 150:109-120. [PMID: 32135476 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated vanillic acid-induced salt tolerance in tomato by exploring the plant defense systems. Ten-d-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) seedlings were treated with salt (NaCl; 150 mM) and vanillic acid (VA; 40 and 50 μM) separately and in combination with salt. Salinity restricted seedlings growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower leaf relative water content (RWC) and elevated proline (Pro) content, where higher Na+/K+ ratio indicated the ionic toxicity. Tomato seedlings went through oxidative damage due to acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and confirmed by higher lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under salinity. Conversely, exogenous VA reduced osmotic and ionic toxicity in stressed-seedlings by enhancing the RWC and Pro level, and lowering Na+/K+ ratio, respectively. Exogenous VA up-regulated the components of antioxidant defense system in salt-treated seedlings resulted in the reduction of ROS production, LOX activity and membrane damage in stressed-seedlings. Additionally, VA application caused the reduction of toxic methylglyoxal accumulation under salt stress through the enhancement of glyoxalase system. Thus, VA-induced alleviation of osmotic, ionic and oxidative stresses leading to improve plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in stressed-seedlings. So, VA significantly improves salinity tolerance and plant growth performance by involving the actions of plant antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet, 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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Marino M, Del Bo' C, Tucci M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Porrini M. Modulation of Adhesion Process, E-Selectin and VEGF Production by Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites in an in vitro Model of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E655. [PMID: 32121223 PMCID: PMC7146381 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the ability of peonidin and petunidin-3-glucoside (Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc) and their metabolites (vanillic acid; VA and methyl-gallic acid; MetGA), to prevent monocyte (THP-1) adhesion to endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to reduce the production of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, E-selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a stimulated pro-inflammatory environment, a pivotal step of atherogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 100 ng mL-1) was used to stimulate the adhesion of labelled monocytes (THP-1) to endothelial cells (HUVECs). Successively, different concentrations of Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc (0.02 µM, 0.2 µM, 2 µM and 20 µM), VA and MetGA (0.05 µM, 0.5 µM, 5 µM and 50 µM) were tested. After 24 h, VCAM-1, E-selectin and VEGF were quantified by ELISA, while the adhesion process was measured spectrophotometrically. Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc (from 0.02 µM to 20 µM) significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased THP-1 adhesion to HUVECs at all concentrations (-37%, -24%, -30% and -47% for Peo-3-glc; -37%, -33%, -33% and -45% for Pet-3-glc). VA, but not MetGA, reduced the adhesion process at 50 µM (-21%; p < 0.001). At the same concentrations, a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction of E-selectin, but not VCAM-1, was documented. In addition, anthocyanins and their metabolites significantly decreased (p < 0.001) VEGF production. The present findings suggest that while Peo-3-glc and Pet-3-glc (but not their metabolites) reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells through suppression of E-selectin production, VEGF production was reduced by both anthocyanins and their metabolites, suggesting a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, 20133 Milan, Italy
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García T, Veloso J, Díaz J. Vanillyl nonanoate induces systemic resistance and lignification in pepper plants. J Plant Physiol 2018; 231:251-260. [PMID: 30321751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of the cotyledons of pepper plants with vanillyl nonanoate (VNT), a synthetic capsinoid similar to capsiate, protected systemically the plant against a root pathogen (the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora capsici) and an aerial pathogen (the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea). VNT treatment reduced both the symptoms and the colonization by these pathogens. VNT induced systemically two PR (Pathogenesis-related) genes and a gene involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis. VNT also induced systemically the reinforcement of cell walls with lignin both in the roots and the leaves. The increase in lignin was correlated with an increase in peroxidase gene expression and activity, pointing to the role of this enzyme in lignin polymerization. The results suggest that VNT induces systemic resistance at least in part by means of lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania García
- Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía e aplicacións das plantas (FISAPLANT), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Veloso
- Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía e aplicacións das plantas (FISAPLANT), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación de Fisioloxía e aplicacións das plantas (FISAPLANT), Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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Wang C, Yu T, Fujita T, Kumamoto E. Moieties of plant-derived compounds responsible for outward current production and TRPA1 activation in rat spinal substantia gelatinosa. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:67-72. [PMID: 30471518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channels expressed in the central terminal of dorsal root ganglion neurons in the spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) play a role in modulating nociceptive transmission. Although plant-derived compounds exhibiting antinociception (such as eugenol, carvacrol and thymol) activate TRPA1 channels to enhance spontaneous excitatory transmission while hyperpolarizing membranes in SG neurons without TRPA1 activation, specific chemical moieties involved in synaptic modulation are unknown. METHODS We examined the effects of other plant-derived compounds (guaiacol, vanillin, vanillic acid and p-cymene) on holding current and spontaneous excitatory transmission at -70 mV by applying the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to SG neurons in adult rat spinal cord slices. RESULTS None of the compounds affected the frequency or amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current. Guaiacol and vanillic acid had no effect on holding currents, while vanillin and p-cymene produced an inward and outward current, respectively, in some neurons tested. Synaptic modulation was also observed within the same neuron as the activities of eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, and the chemically-related plant-derived compound zingerone occurred. CONCLUSION A substituted group in eugenol and zingerone, but not in guaiacol, vanillin or vanillic acid, as well as an OH bound to the benzene ring of carvacrol and thymol, but not p-cymene, play a role in producing outward current and TRPA1 activation. Thus, the binding of such chemical moeties to the benzene ring of plant-derived compounds appears necessary to modulate nociceptive transmission in the SG. This information provides insight for the development of new analgesics based on plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Physiology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Fujita
- Department of Physiology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kumamoto
- Department of Physiology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan.
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Bernal-Mercado AT, Vazquez-Armenta FJ, Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Islas-Osuna MA, Mata-Haro V, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Lopez-Zavala AA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Comparison of Single and Combined Use of Catechin, Protocatechuic, and Vanillic Acids as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli at Planktonic and Biofilm Levels. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112813. [PMID: 30380712 PMCID: PMC6278301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids against planktonic growing, adhesion, and biofilm eradication of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), as well as antioxidant agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of protocatechuic, vanillic acids and catechin against the growth of planktonic bacteria were 12.98, 11.80, and 13.78 mM, respectively. Mixing 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin resulted in a synergistic effect acting as an MIC. Similarly, the minimum concentrations of phenolic compounds to prevent UPEC adhesion and biofilm formation (MBIC) were 11.03 and 7.13 mM of protocatechuic and vanillic acids, respectively, whereas no MBIC of catechin was found. However, combinations of 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin showed a synergistic effect acting as MBIC. On the other hand, the minimum concentrations to eradicate biofilms (MBEC) were 25.95 and 23.78 mM, respectively. The combination of 3.20 mM protocatechuic acid, 2.97 mM vanillic acid, and 1.72 mM catechin eradicated pre-formed biofilms. The antioxidant capacity of the combination of phenolics was higher than the expected theoretical values, indicating synergism by the DPPH•, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Effective concentrations of catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids were reduced from 8 to 1378 times when combined. In contrast, the antibiotic nitrofurantoin was not effective in eradicating biofilms from silicone surfaces. In conclusion, the mixture of phenolic compounds was more effective in preventing cell adhesion and eradicating pre-formed biofilms of uropathogenic E. coli than single compounds and nitrofurantoin, and showed antioxidant synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Thalia Bernal-Mercado
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | | | - Melvin R Tapia-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Maria A Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Veronica Mata-Haro
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A Gonzalez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| | - Jesus Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
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Rosa LDS, Jordão NA, da Costa Pereira Soares N, deMesquita JF, Monteiro M, Teodoro AJ. Pharmacokinetic, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Phenolic Acids in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102569. [PMID: 30297681 PMCID: PMC6222679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the USA and Europe. Despite aggressive therapies, many tumors are resistant to current treatment protocols and epidemiological data suggest that diet is a major factor in the etiology of colon cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the influence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic (3,4-DHPAA), p-coumaric (p-CoA), vanillic (VA) and ferulic (FA) acids on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and rate of apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). The results showed that all compounds tested reduce cell viability in human colon cancer cells. 3,4-DHPAA promoted the highest effect antiproliferative with an increase in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, accompanied by a reduction of cells in G2/M phase. Cell cycle analysis of VA and FA showed a decrease in the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase (10.0 µM and 100.0 µM). p-CoA and FA acids increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and non-apoptotic cells. 3,4-DHPAA seems to be the substance with the greatest potential for in vivo studies, opening thus a series of perspectives on the use of these compounds in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana de Souza Rosa
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Program, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | - Nathállia Araújo Jordão
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Program, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | | | - Joelma Freire deMesquita
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Program Postgraduate in Molecular and Cellular Biology, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Monteiro
- Nutrition Program, Laboratory of Functional Foods, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Junger Teodoro
- Department of Food Science, Food and Nutrition Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro. Av. Pasteur, 296-Urca, Rio de Janeiro-RJ 22290-240, Brazil.
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Liu LJ, Hu XH, Guo LN, Wang RF, Zhao QT. Anti-inflammatory effect of the compounds from the flowers of Trollius chinensis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:1951-1957. [PMID: 30150194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, some representative compounds, namely, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin, vitexin, quercetin, isoquercetin, luteolin, veratric acid, proglobeflowery acid, trollioside, and trolline were selected to study their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO, IL-6, and TNF-β release in RAW264.7 cells. At the higher concentration, both phenolic acids and flavonoids inhibited the production of NO, whereas only phenolic acids showed this effect at the lower concentration. Although trolline had stronger cytotoxicity, it exhibited a potential effect of decreasing NO production induced by LPS in the non-toxic concentration range. In addition, all tested compounds decreased the production of IL-6 and TNF-a by almost 50% at both the higher and lower concentrations. It is concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of the phenolic acids is stronger than that of the flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jia Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Feng Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Tao Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Khoshnam SE, Farbood Y, Fathi Moghaddam H, Sarkaki A, Badavi M, Khorsandi L. Vanillic acid attenuates cerebral hyperemia, blood-brain barrier disruption and anxiety-like behaviors in rats following transient bilateral common carotid occlusion and reperfusion. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:785-793. [PMID: 29356980 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO), followed by reperfusion, is a model of transient global hypoperfusion. In the present study we aimed to investigate the probable effects of Vanillic acid (VA) on some physiological parameters including cerebral hyperemia, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, anxiety behaviors and neurological deficits induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries and reperfusion (BCCAO/R) in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham, BCCAO/R, VA and VA+ BCCAO/R. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced after 2 weeks of pretreatment by VA. Subsequently, sensorimotor scores, elevated plus maze tests, cerebral hyperemia, and BBB disruption were evaluated 72 h after 30 min of BCCAO. Pretreatment of rats by VA improved sensory motor signs, anxiolytic behavior in BCCAO/R rats compared with untreated rats (p < 0.05). Further, VA attenuated reactive hyperemia and BBB disruption in BCCAO/R rats compared with untreated rats (p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal VA could attenuate reactive hyperemia and improve BBB disruption following BCCAO/R, and could improve neurological scores and anxiety like behaviors in this model of cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that VA could be a promising pretreatment agent in cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Fathi Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abstract
Efficient lignin valorization could add more than 10-fold the value gained from burning it for energy and is critical for economic viability of future biorefineries. However, lignin-derived aromatics from biomass pretreatment are known to be potent fermentation inhibitors in microbial production of fuels and other value-added chemicals. In addition, isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside and other inducers are routinely added into fermentation broth to induce the expression of pathway enzymes, which further adds to the overall process cost. An autoregulatory system that can diminish the aromatics' toxicity as well as be substrate-inducible can be the key for successful integration of lignin valorization into future lignocellulosic biorefineries. Toward that goal, in this study an autoregulatory system is demonstrated that alleviates the toxicity issue and eliminates the cost of an external inducer. Specifically, this system is composed of a catechol biosynthesis pathway coexpressed with an active aromatic transporter CouP under induction by a vanillin self-inducible promoter, ADH7, to effectively convert the lignin-derived aromatics into value-added chemicals using Escherichia coli as a host. The constructed autoregulatory system can efficiently transport vanillin across the cell membrane and convert it to catechol. Compared with the system without CouP expression, the expression of catechol biosynthesis pathway with transporter CouP significantly improved the catechol yields about 30% and 40% under promoter pTrc and ADH7, respectively. This study demonstrated an aromatic-induced autoregulatory system that enabled conversion of lignin-derived aromatics into catechol without the addition of any costly, external inducers, providing a promising and economically viable route for lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Fang Liu
- Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Seema Singh
- Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550;
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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36
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Panzella L, Eidenberger T, Napolitano A. Anti-Amyloid Aggregation Activity of Black Sesame Pigment: Toward a Novel Alzheimer's Disease Preventive Agent. Molecules 2018; 23:E676. [PMID: 29547584 PMCID: PMC6017763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black sesame pigment (BSP) represents a low cost, easily accessible material of plant origin exhibiting marked antioxidant and heavy metal-binding properties with potential as a food supplement. We report herein the inhibitory properties of the potentially bioaccessible fraction of BSP following simulated gastrointestinal digestion against key enzymes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). HPLC analysis indicated that BSP is transformed under the pH conditions mimicking the intestinal environment and the most abundant of the released compounds was identified as vanillic acid. More than 80% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase-induced aggregation of the β-amyloid Aβ1-40 was observed in the presence of the potentially bioaccessible fraction of BSP, which also efficiently inhibited self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation and β-secretase (BACE-1) activity, even at high dilution. These properties open new perspectives toward the use of BSP as an ingredient of functional food or as a food supplement for the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Thomas Eidenberger
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria.
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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Xuan TD, Khang DT. Effects of Exogenous Application of Protocatechuic Acid and Vanillic Acid to Chlorophylls, Phenolics and Antioxidant Enzymes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Submergence. Molecules 2018; 23:E620. [PMID: 29522438 PMCID: PMC6017597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, effects from application of protocatechuic acid (PA) and vanillic acid (VA) and their mixture on the submergence tolerance of rice were examined. The treatment of 0.01 mM PA and VA did not show significant increase of rice growth as compared to the controls. However, at higher concentrations (0.1-1.0 mM), rice shoot was elevated in submergence by 20.8-22.4%. The survival percentage of rice seedlings at any dose of PA, VA and their mixture was significantly higher than the controls. In general, the mixture of PA and VA was more active to promote shoot elongation and survival in submergence than sole treatment of either PA or VA. The amount of chlorophyll b by PA was significantly increased, while no change in chlorophyll a content was observed. VA remarkably reduced malondialdehyde quantity at three days of submergence, while no significant difference among treatment was observed in PA, the mixture, and respective controls. The two phenolic acids promoted contents of phenolics and flavonoids in rice leaves and roots, however the quantities of endogenous PA and VA in rice were not markedly differed after PA and VA treated on roots of rice seedlings. The ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were enhanced, while the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes was favored. VA increased the expression level of ascorbate peroxidase genes in higher levels than PA and their mixture, while no significant difference was observed in the other genes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase. Findings of this study showed that PA and VA increased the submergence tolerance of rice by promoting the photosynthetic and anti-oxidative processes in rice seedlings. The treatment of PA and VA mixture on seedling roots was potent to promote the submergence tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Do Tan Khang
- Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 902070, Vietnam.
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Vishnu KV, Ajeesh Kumar KK, Chatterjee NS, Lekshmi RGK, Sreerekha PR, Mathew S, Ravishankar CN. Sardine oil loaded vanillic acid grafted chitosan microparticles, a new functional food ingredient: attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyoblast cell lines (H9c2). Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:213-222. [PMID: 28766116 PMCID: PMC5823802 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil has been widely recognized as an excellent dietary source of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA. However, it can undergo oxidation easily resulting in the formation of toxic off flavor compounds such as hydroperoxides. These compounds adversely affect the nutritional quality and may induce several stress reactions in body. To solve this problem, a new antioxidant bio-material, vanillic acid-grafted chitosan (Va-g-Ch), was synthesized and used as a wall material for microencapsulation of fish oil. The sardine oil loaded Va-g-Ch microparticles could be a potential functional food ingredient considering the numerous health benefits of fish oil, chitosan, and vanillic acid. The current study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of sardine oil-loaded Va-g-Ch microparticles against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation was conducted using H9c2 cardiomyocytes. MTT assay revealed that effective cytoprotective effect was induced by a sample concentration of 12.5 μg/mL. Results of apoptosis by double fluorescent staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and caspase-3 evaluation by ELISA substantiated the above findings. Further, flow cytometric determination of membrane potential, relative expression of NF-κB by PCR, and ROS determination using DCFH-DA also confirmed the protective effect of encapsulated sardine oil against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. NF-κB expression was down-regulated nearly by 50% on cells treated with encapsulated sardine oil. Altogether, the results revealed that sardine oil-loaded Va-g-Ch microparticles demonstrated potential cell protection against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Vishnu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - K K Ajeesh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - Niladri S Chatterjee
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India.
| | - R G K Lekshmi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - P R Sreerekha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India
| | - C N Ravishankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Matsyapuri P.O, Kerala, 682029, India
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Chotsaeng N, Laosinwattana C, Charoenying P. Herbicidal Activities of Some Allelochemicals and Their Synergistic Behaviors toward Amaranthus tricolor L. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111841. [PMID: 29077029 PMCID: PMC6150416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven allelochemicals, namely R-(+)-limonene (A), vanillin (B), xanthoxyline (C), vanillic acid (D), linoleic acid (E), methyl linoleate (F), and (±)-odorine (G), were investigated for their herbicidal activities on Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). At 400 μM, xanthoxyline (C) showed the greatest inhibitory activity on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. Both vanillic acid (D) and (±)-odorine (G) inhibited shoot growth, however, apart from xanthoxyline (C), only vanillic acid (D) could inhibit root growth. Interestingly, R-(+)-limonene (A) lightly promoted root length. Other substances had no allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. To better understand and optimize the inhibitory effects of these natural herbicides, 21 samples of binary mixtures of these seven compounds were tested at 400 μM using 0.25% (v/v) Tween® 80 as a control treatment. The results showed that binary mixtures of R-(+)-limonene:xanthoxyline (A:C), vanillin:xanthoxyline (B:C), and xanthoxyline:linoleic acid (C:E) exhibited strong allelopathic activities on germination and seedling growth of the tested plant, and the level of inhibition was close to the effect of xanthoxyline (C) at 400 µM and was better than the effect of xanthoxyline (C) at 200 µM. The inhibition was hypothesized to be from a synergistic interaction of each pair of alleochemicals. Mole ratios of each pair of allelochemicals ((A:C), (B:C), and (C:E)) were then evaluated, and the best ratios of the binary mixtures A:C, B:C and C:E were found to be 2:8, 2:8, and 4:6 respectively. These binary mixtures significantly inhibited germination and shoot and root growth of Chinese amaranth at low concentrations. The results reported here highlight a synergistic behavior of some allelochemicals which could be applied in the development of potential herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawasit Chotsaeng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Chamroon Laosinwattana
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Patchanee Charoenying
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
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Herebian D, Seibt A, Smits SHJ, Bünning G, Freyer C, Prokisch H, Karall D, Wredenberg A, Wedell A, López LC, Mayatepek E, Distelmaier F. Detection of 6-demethoxyubiquinone in CoQ 10 deficiency disorders: Insights into enzyme interactions and identification of potential therapeutics. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 121:216-223. [PMID: 28552678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential cofactor of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and its deficiency has important implications for several inherited metabolic disorders of childhood. The biosynthesis of CoQ10 is a complicated process, which involves at least 12 different enzymes. One of the metabolic intermediates that are formed during CoQ10 biosynthesis is the molecule 6-demethoxyubiquinone (6-DMQ). This CoQ precursor is processed at the level of COQ7 and COQ9. We selected this metabolite as a marker substance for metabolic analysis of cell lines with inherited genetic defects (COQ2, COQ4, COQ7 and COQ9) or siRNA knockdown in CoQ biosynthesis enzymes using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In COQ4, COQ7 and COQ9 deficient cell lines, we detected significantly elevated levels of 6-DMQ. This suggests a functional interplay of these proteins. However, additional siRNA studies demonstrated that elevated 6-DMQ levels are not an exclusive marker of the COQ7/COQ9 enzymatic step of CoQ10 biosynthesis but constitute a more general phenomenon that occurs in disorders impairing the function or stability of the CoQ-synthome. To further investigate the interdependence of CoQ10 biosynthesis enzyme expression, we performed immunoblotting in various cell lines with CoQ10 deficiency, indicating that COQ4, COQ7 and COQ9 protein expression levels are highly regulated depending on the underlying defect. Supplementation of cell lines with synthetic CoQ precursor compounds demonstrated beneficial effects of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in COQ7 and COQ9 deficiency. Moreover, vanillic acid selectively stimulated CoQ10 biosynthesis and improved cell viability in COQ9 deficiency. However, compounds tested in this study failed to rescue COQ4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gisela Bünning
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 32, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis C López
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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41
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Chen K, Wang CQ, Fan YQ, Han ZH, Wang Y, Gao L, Zeng HS. [Lipid-lowering effect of seven traditional Chinese medicine monomers in zebrafish system]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2017; 69:55-60. [PMID: 28217808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to study lipid-lowering effect of seven traditional Chinese medicine monomers in zebrafish system. Zebrafish were fed with high fat diet to establish a hyperlipemia model, then fasted and bathed with seven traditional Chinese medicine monomers stigmasterol, triacontanol, chrysophanol, vanillic acid, shikimic acid, polydatin and oleanolic acid respectively. The oil red O staining was used to detect the blood lipids of zebrafish. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were detected to validate the lipid-lowering effect. The result showed that a zebrafish model of hyperlipemia could be established by feeding larvae zebrafish with high fat diet. Among the seven traditional Chinese medicine monomers, chrysophanol had lipid-lowering effect. Chrysophanol significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in adult zebrafish fed with high fat diet. Chrysophanol accelerated peristalsis frequency of zebrafish intestine and the excretion of high fat food. It is concluded that chrysophanol has lipid- lowering effect in zebrafish, and the mechanism of the effect may be due to the roles of chrysophanol in reducing lipid absorption from gastrointestinal tract and accelerating the excretion of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chang-Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yu-Qi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hua-Su Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Cha JY, Kim TW, Choi JH, Jang KS, Khaleda L, Kim WY, Jeon JR. Fungal Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Naturally Occurring Phenols for Enhanced Germination and Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Green Route for Synthesizing Humic-like Fertilizers. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1167-1177. [PMID: 28112921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal laccases have been highlighted as a catalytic tool for transforming phenols. Here we demonstrate that fungal laccase-catalyzed oxidations can transform naturally occurring phenols into plant fertilizers with properties very similar to those of commercial humic acids. Treatments of Arabidopsis thaliana with highly cross-linked polyphenolic products obtained from a mixture of catechol and vanillic acid were able to enhance the germination and salt tolerance of this plant. These results revealed that humic-like organic fertilizers can be produced via in vitro enzymatic oxidation reactions. In particular, the root elongation pattern resulting from the laccase products was comparable to that resulting from an auxin-like compound. A detailed structural comparison of the phenol variants and commercial humic acids revealed their similarities and differences. Analyses based on SEM, EFM, ERP, and zeta-potential measurement showed that they both formed globular granules bearing various hydrophilic/polar groups in aqueous and solid conditions. Solid-phase 13C NMR, FT-IR-ATR, and elemental analyses showed that more nitrogen-based functional and aliphatic groups were present in the commercial humic acids. Significant differences were also identifiable with respect to particle size and specific surface area. High-resolution (15 T) FT-ICR mass spectrometry-based van Krevelen diagrams showed the compositional features of the variants to be a subset of those of the humic acids. Overall, our study unraveled essential structural features of polyaromatics that affect the growth of plants, and also provided novel bottom-up ecofriendly and finely tunable pathways for synthesizing humic-like fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University , Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
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Dianat M, Radmanesh E, Badavi M, Goudarzi G, Mard SA. The effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram parameters, blood pressure and oxidative stress in healthy rats: the protective effects of vanillic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:19551-60. [PMID: 27392621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) inhalation is an established trigger of cardiovascular events such as cardiac arrhythmias that occur within hours to days after exposure. Higher daily PM levels are related to acute increases in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, blood pressure, lipid peroxidation (MDA), xanthine oxidase, and antioxidant enzyme in healthy rats and also to examine the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) in this respect. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 10), namely control (normal saline, gavage), VAc (10 mg/kg), sham (normal saline, intratracheal instillation), VA (10 mg/kg VA, 10 days gavage +0.1 ml normal saline, intratracheal instillation), PM1 (0.5 mg/kg), PM2 (2.5 mg/kg), PM3 (5 mg/kg), PM3 + VA (5 mg/kg, intratracheal instillation + 10 mg/kg VA, 10 days, gavage) groups. The rats were anesthetized and 0.1 ml of saline as well as a certain concentration of PM10 was instilled into the trachea and it was repeated after 48 h, then 30 min after that, PR interval, QTc, and systolic blood pressure were measured. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, xanthine oxidase (XOX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in plasma by special Kits. A significant increase in blood pressure (BP), PR interval, QTc, MDA, and XOX and a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, and GPx) occurred in PM10 groups. Vanillic acid ameliorated blood pressure, QTc, PR interval, XOX, MDA, and increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) significantly. In the present study, it was shown that PM10 had devastating effects on the heart and blood pressure, probably due to the increased oxidative stress in healthy rats. Vanillic acid could improve the symptoms of PM10 exposure and can be used as an antioxidant agent against the harmful effects of PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Dianat
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esmat Radmanesh
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Miao J, Zhao C, Li X, Chen X, Mao X, Huang H, Wang T, Gao W. Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Two Common Chaenomeles Fruits in China: Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles sinensis. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2049-58. [PMID: 27384225 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contents of total flavonoids, total phenolics, total triterpenes, total condensed tannin and total saponins in peels, flesh and endocarps of Chaenomeles speciosa (CSP) and Chaenomeles sinensis (CSS) were determined by colorimetric method, while 5 phenolics (vanillic, gallic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids), 2 triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids), and 3 flavonoids (rutin, catechin and epicatechin) were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and HPLC, and antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of them also were evaluated as well as their digestive characteristics. In the correlation analysis, total phenolics, vanillic acid, catechin, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid all contribute to DPPH(·) scavenge capacity, gallic acid contributes to total ferric reducing antioxidant power, while total triterpenes, total saponins, chlorogenic acid and ferullic acid contribute to α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In the principal component analysis, endocarps of CSP and CSS both show better quality than their peels and flesh, respectively. In vitro digestion can increase contents of total flavonoids, total condensed tannin and total saponins, while contents of total phenolics and total triterpenes decreased greatly. Our study would contribute to the full use of discarded parts of the 2 Chaenomeles and be helpful to establish a good foundation for further research of CSP and CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuetao Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinhui Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hanhan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Univ, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Pereira C, Barros L, José Alves M, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR. Artichoke and milk thistle pills and syrups as sources of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity. Food Funct 2016; 7:3083-90. [PMID: 27273551 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements based on hepatoprotective plants have been increasingly used in the prevention of liver injuries. In the present work, the aim was to study the phenolic profile and possibly relate it to the in vitro antimicrobial activity of two different formulations (pills and syrups) of artichoke and milk thistle, the antioxidant and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities of which were previously reported by our research group. The phenolic profiles were obtained by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, and the antimicrobial activity evaluation was performed with the clinical isolates of multiresistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Artichoke syrup revealed the presence of vanillic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside while the pills possessed higher concentrations of 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids, this latest being able to inhibit the growth of MRSA. Regarding milk thistle formulations, the syrup presented isorhamnetin-O-deoxyhexoside-O-dihexoside, isorhamnetin-O-deoxyhexoside-O-hexoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside as the major phenolic constituents whereas the pills were richer in taxifolin, silymarin derivatives and hydroxylated silibinin; the syrup revealed antimicrobial activity against all the studied bacteria with the exception of Proteus mirabilis whereas the pills revealed activity against ESBL producing Escherichia coli. Overall, all of the studied formulations revealed to be a good source of phenolic compounds, among which milk thistle syrup presented the highest variety and concentration of flavonoids, which is possibly related to its strongest antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, apartado 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, apartado 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal. and Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Alves
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Av. D. Afonso V, 5300-121 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- GIP-USAL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, apartado 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of Picroliv-a standardized-was investigated in male rats exposed to CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg, sc), 5 days/week for 18 weeks. Picroliv at two doses (6 and 12 mg/kg, po) was given to the cadmium (Cd)-administered group for the last 4 weeks (ie, weeks 15 -18). The Cd altered oxidative stress indices, such as increased lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity, reduced levels of non-protein sulphydryls (NPSHs), and Na-K-ATPase activity in the liver and kidney were found close to the control values by Picroliv treatment, suggesting its antioxidant potential. The hepatoprotective action of Picroliv was evident by its ability to lower the Cd-induced liver function parameters-the serum enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Bile flow and biliary Cd also increased as a result of Picroliv's choleretic property. The Cd-induced serum urea and urinary excretion of proteins, calcium (Ca), Cd and enzymes, such as Nacetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and LDH, were less marked on Picroliv treatment, indicating recovery from nephrotoxicity. Organ uptake of Cd and essential metals by Cd exposure was reduced on Picroliv treatment. Cdinduced hepatic metallothionein (MT) was lowered by Picroliv, whereas renal MT was unaltered. Cd-induced hepatic damage was also minimized. However, the renal morphological changes were marginally protected by Picroliv. The 12-mg Picroliv dose was more effective than the 6-mg dose in causing amelioration of the above parameters. This study has provided clear evidence for the hepato-and renal protective efficacy of Picroliv against experimental Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yadav
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, MG Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
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Abstract
The potential of Picroliv, a herbal extract against acute cadmium (Cd) intoxication, was evaluated in male rats. Biochemical and histopathological profile in rats pretreated with Picroliv (12 mg/kg, oral) followed by a single dose of Cd as cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (3 mg/kg, ip) revealed marked suppression of oxidative stress in liver and testes. The Cd-induced enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity and reduced levels of nonprotein sulphydryls and Na+K+ATPase were significantly restored to near normal by Picroliv pretreatment. In addition, the Cd-induced serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase were restored to near basal levels. Hepatic and testicular histopathological damage was also minimized. The results strongly suggest definite hepatoand testicular protection by Picroliv. The antioxidant potential of the herbal extract in the major part, and not its chelating property, seems to be responsible for its ameliorative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yadav
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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Ishimata N, Ito H, Tai A. Structure-activity relationships of vanillic acid ester analogs in inhibitory effect of antigen-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3533-6. [PMID: 27324979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Methyl vanillate (1) showed strong degranulation inhibitory activity among vanillin derivatives tested. In order to find structure-activity relationships for developing anti-allergic agents with simple structures and potent activity, we synthesized several vanillic acid (VA) ester derivatives with C1-C4 and C8 alkyl chains and evaluated their degranulation inhibitory activities. The most active compound of VA ester derivatives was derivative 5 with a C4 straight alkyl chain, and derivative 5 exhibited approximately three-fold greater inhibitory activity than that of 1. Moreover, we designed 8 types of analogs based on 5, and we found that the minimum structure for potent degranulation inhibitory activity requires direct connection of the butyl ester moiety on the benzene ring and at least one hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. Butyl meta or para hydroxyl benzoate (10 or 11) has a simpler structure than that of 5 and exhibited more potent degranulation inhibitory activity than that of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Ishimata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan.
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Duizer LM, Langfried A. Sensory characterization during repeated ingestion of small-molecular-weight phenolic acids. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:513-521. [PMID: 25640034 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of the sensory properties of small-molecular-weight phenolic acids such as ferulic and vanillic acids has been limited. The objectives of this study were to characterize the sensory perceptions of these acids and the effects of their repeated consumption on sourness, bitterness and astringency. This knowledge will further the understanding of the impact of these acids on the sensory characteristics of foods in which they are typically consumed. RESULTS Two time-intensity sensory evaluation experiments were conducted with nine trained panelists: a single-sip study and a sequential-sip study. Concentrations of phenolic acids typically found in whole grain bread were tested. For both experiments, vanillic acid was perceived to be significantly more sour than ferulic acid, and ferulic acid was perceived to be significantly more bitter than vanillic acid. Maximum sourness, bitterness and astringency intensities significantly increased with increasing molarity for both acids. During sequential sipping, astringency and bitterness intensity increased with each sip. Sourness, however, increased to sip 3 but did not significantly increase after that point. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates that even small quantities of phenolic acids can be perceived as increasingly bitter and astringent with repeated exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Duizer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Allison Langfried
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Calixto-Campos C, Carvalho TT, Hohmann MSN, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Fattori V, Manchope MF, Zarpelon AC, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Vanillic Acid Inhibits Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting Neutrophil Recruitment, Oxidative Stress, Cytokine Production, and NFκB Activation in Mice. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:1799-808. [PMID: 26192250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vanillic acid (1) is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits. It is an oxidized form of vanillin. Phenolic compounds form a substantial part of plant foods used as antioxidants with beneficial biological activities. These compounds have received considerable attention because of their role in preventing human diseases. Especially, 1 presents antibacterial, antimicrobial, and chemopreventive effects. However, the mechanisms by which 1 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in vivo are incompletely understood. Thus, the effect of 1 was evaluated in murine models of inflammatory pain. Treatment with 1 inhibited the overt pain-like behavior induced by acetic acid, phenyl-p-benzoquinone, the second phase of the formalin test, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Treatment with 1 also inhibited carrageenan- and CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, paw edema, myeloperoxidase activity, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of 1 involved the inhibition of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and NFκB activation in the carrageenan model. The present study demonstrated 1 presents analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a wide range of murine inflammation models, and its mechanisms of action involves antioxidant effects and NFκB-related inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Calixto-Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam S N Hohmann
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marília F Manchope
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zarpelon
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86039440 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86039440 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86039440 Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , 86057970 Londrina, Brazil
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