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Babu HWS, Kumar SM, Kaur H, Iyer M, Vellingiri B. Midbrain organoids for Parkinson's disease (PD) - A powerful tool to understand the disease pathogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 345:122610. [PMID: 38580194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Brain Organiods (BOs) are a promising technique for researching disease progression in the human brain. These organoids, which are produced from human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs), can construct themselves into structured frameworks. In the context of Parkinson's disease (PD), recent advancements have been made in the development of Midbrain organoids (MBOs) models that consider key pathophysiological mechanisms such as alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), Lewy bodies, dopamine loss, and microglia activation. However, there are limitations to the current use of BOs in disease modelling and drug discovery, such as the lack of vascularization, long-term differentiation, and absence of glial cells. To address these limitations, researchers have proposed the use of spinning bioreactors to improve oxygen and nutrient perfusion. Modelling PD utilising modern experimental in vitro models is a valuable tool for studying disease mechanisms and elucidating previously unknown features of PD. In this paper, we exclusively review the unique methods available for cultivating MBOs using a pumping system that mimics the circulatory system. This mechanism may aid in delivering the required amount of oxygen and nutrients to all areas of the organoids, preventing cell death, and allowing for long-term culture and using co-culturing techniques for developing glial cell in BOs. Furthermore, we emphasise some of the significant discoveries about the BOs and the potential challenges of using BOs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sindduja Muthu Kumar
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Harsimrat Kaur
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore-641021, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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Friedrich MU, Schappe L, Prasad S, Friedrich H, Fox MD, Zwergal A, Zee DS, Faßbender K, Dillmann KU. Midbrain lesion-induced disconjugate gaze: a unifying circuit mechanism of ocular alignment? J Neurol 2024; 271:2844-2849. [PMID: 38353747 PMCID: PMC11055718 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disconjugate eye movements are essential for depth perception in frontal-eyed species, but their underlying neural substrates are largely unknown. Lesions in the midbrain can cause disconjugate eye movements. While vertically disconjugate eye movements have been linked to defective visuo-vestibular integration, the pathophysiology and neuroanatomy of horizontally disconjugate eye movements remains elusive. METHODS A patient with a solitary focal midbrain lesion was examined using detailed clinical ocular motor assessments, binocular videooculography and diffusion-weighted MRI, which was co-registered to a high-resolution cytoarchitectonic MR-atlas. RESULTS The patient exhibited both vertically and horizontally disconjugate eye alignment and nystagmus. Binocular videooculography showed a strong correlation of vertical and horizontal oscillations during fixation but not in darkness. Oscillation intensities and waveforms were modulated by fixation, illumination, and gaze position, suggesting shared visual- and vestibular-related mechanisms. The lesion was mapped to a functionally ill-defined area of the dorsal midbrain, adjacent to the posterior commissure and sparing nuclei with known roles in vertical gaze control. CONCLUSION A circumscribed region in the dorsal midbrain appears to be a key node for disconjugate eye movements in both vertical and horizontal planes. Lesioning this area produces a unique ocular motor syndrome mirroring hallmarks of developmental strabismus and nystagmus. Further circuit-level studies could offer pivotal insights into shared pathomechanisms of acquired and developmental disorders affecting eye alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian U Friedrich
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Laurin Schappe
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Sashank Prasad
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helen Friedrich
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- German Center for Vertigo and Dizziness, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David S Zee
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Klaus Faßbender
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Klaus-Ulrich Dillmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Muwanigwa MN, Modamio-Chamarro J, Antony PMA, Gomez-Giro G, Krüger R, Bolognin S, Schwamborn JC. Alpha-synuclein pathology is associated with astrocyte senescence in a midbrain organoid model of familial Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 128:103919. [PMID: 38307302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in the midbrain. Despite extensive research efforts, the molecular and cellular changes that precede neurodegeneration in PD are poorly understood. To address this, here we describe the use of patient specific human midbrain organoids harboring the SNCA triplication to investigate mechanisms underlying dopaminergic degeneration. Our midbrain organoid model recapitulates key pathological hallmarks of PD, including the aggregation of α-synuclein and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. We found that these pathological hallmarks are associated with an increase in senescence associated cellular phenotypes in astrocytes including nuclear lamina defects, the presence of senescence associated heterochromatin foci, and the upregulation of cell cycle arrest genes. These results suggest a role of pathological α-synuclein in inducing astrosenescence which may, in turn, increase the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudiwa N Muwanigwa
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jennifer Modamio-Chamarro
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul M A Antony
- Bioimaging Platform, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Gemma Gomez-Giro
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Zhang H, Zhang P, Nie H, Zhang J, Li J, Lu X, Shen Y. Bilateral thalamic and brainstem anaplastic astrocytoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37136. [PMID: 38306557 PMCID: PMC10843470 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bilateral thalamic glioma is extremely rare and characterized by strictly limited involvement of bilateral thalami. To investigate its clinical and neuroimaging features, we herein reported a rare case of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) involving both thalami and the brainstem and reviewed the literature. PATIENT CONCERNS A-33-year-old Chinese woman was referred to our department owing to persistent headache and nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination showed mild cognitive impairment and positive Kernig sign. DIAGNOSIS Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated asymmetrical and swollen lesions involving both thalami, midbrain and pontine tegmentum, without restricted diffusion or enhancement. On day 7 after admission, she was transferred to the department of neurosurgery and underwent a stereotactic brain biopsy of the right thalamic lesion. Histopathological features and immunohistochemistry were consistent with AA, IDH wild-type, World Health Organization grade III. INTERVENTIONS She was administrated with mannitol and glycerin fructose for decreasing intracranial pressure. OUTCOMES In spite of receiving chemotherapy, she died on 2-month after her initial diagnosis. LESSONS AA involving in both thalami and brainstem is a rare entity with poor prognosis. The clinicians and radiologists should deepen their awareness of the specific MRI feature of bilateral thalamic involvement. When MRI alone is insufficient, the utility of stereotactic biopsy is essential for making a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongbing Nie
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaoyao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Martirosyan A, Ansari R, Pestana F, Hebestreit K, Gasparyan H, Aleksanyan R, Hnatova S, Poovathingal S, Marneffe C, Thal DR, Kottick A, Hanson-Smith VJ, Guelfi S, Plumbly W, Belgard TG, Metzakopian E, Holt MG. Unravelling cell type-specific responses to Parkinson's Disease at single cell resolution. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38245794 PMCID: PMC10799528 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The pathological hallmark of PD is loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of aggregated α-synuclein, primarily in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathology in different cell types is not currently understood. Here, we present a single nucleus transcriptome analysis of human post-mortem SNpc obtained from 15 sporadic Parkinson's Disease (PD) cases and 14 Controls. Our dataset comprises ∼84K nuclei, representing all major cell types of the brain, allowing us to obtain a transcriptome-level characterization of these cell types. Importantly, we identify multiple subpopulations for each cell type and describe specific gene sets that provide insights into the differing roles of these subpopulations. Our findings reveal a significant decrease in neuronal cells in PD samples, accompanied by an increase in glial cells and T cells. Subpopulation analyses demonstrate a significant depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enriched astrocyte, microglia and oligodendrocyte populations in PD samples, as well as TH enriched neurons, which are also depleted. Moreover, marker gene analysis of the depleted subpopulations identified 28 overlapping genes, including those associated with dopamine metabolism (e.g., ALDH1A1, SLC6A3 & SLC18A2). Overall, our study provides a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in dopaminergic neuron degeneration and glial responses in PD, highlighting the existence of novel subpopulations and cell type-specific gene sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rizwan Ansari
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | | | - Hayk Gasparyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Razmik Aleksanyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Silvia Hnatova
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | | | - Dietmar R Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, and Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
- bit.bio, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Babraham Research Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK.
| | - Matthew G Holt
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Synapse Biology, i3S, Porto, Portugal.
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He M, Kis-Jakab G, Komáromy H, Perlaki G, Orsi G, Bosnyák E, Rozgonyi R, John F, Trauninger A, Eklics K, Pfund Z. Volumetric alteration of brainstem in female migraineurs with and without aura. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 236:108089. [PMID: 38141551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Brainstem descending modulatory circuits have been postulated to be involved in migraine. Differences in brainstem volume between migraineurs and healthy controls have been demonstrated in previous research, nevertheless, the effect of migraine aura on brainstem volume is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the brainstem volume in migraineurs and examine the effect of migraine aura on brainstem volume. METHODS Our study included 90 female migraine patients without white matter lesions. (29 migraine patients with aura (MwA) and 61 migraine patients without aura (MwoA) and 32 age-matched female healthy controls (HC). Using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite, the volumes of the entire brainstem and its subfields (medulla, pons, and midbrain) were measured and compared between migraine subgroups (MwA vs. MwoA) and the healthy control group. The possible effects of migraine characteristics (i.e., disease duration and migraine attack frequency) on brainstem volume were also investigated. RESULTS Migraineurs had greater medulla volume (MwoA 3552 ± 459 mm3, MwA 3424 ± 448 mm3) than healthy controls (3236 ± 411 mm3). Statistically, MwA vs. HC p = 0.040, MwoA vs. HC p = 0.002, MwA vs. MwoA p = 0.555. A significant positive correlation was found between disease duration and the volume of medulla in the whole migraine group (r = 0.334, p = 0.001). Neither the whole brainstem nor its subfields were significantly different in volume between migraine subgroups. CONCLUSION Brainstem volume changes in migraine are mainly localized to the medulla and not specific to the presence of aura.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gréta Kis-Jakab
- HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Perlaki
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary; HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Orsi
- Pécs Diagnostic Center, Pécs, Hungary; HUN-REN-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Renáta Rozgonyi
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Flóra John
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Trauninger
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Eklics
- Department of Languages for Biomedical Purposes and Communication, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pfund
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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Sako W, Suda A, Taniguchi D, Kamagata K, Shindo A, Ogawa T, Oji Y, Nishikawa N, Hatano T, Aoki S, Hattori N. Midbrain atrophy in pathologically diagnosed Lewy body disease and clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120821. [PMID: 37832378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Midbrain atrophy is considered specific to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) compared with Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to determine how often midbrain atrophy is observed in pathologically diagnosed Lewy body disease (LBD) and clinically diagnosed PD and the robustness of midbrain atrophy assessed by the One-Line Method previously developed for the diagnosis of PSP. METHODS We studied two separate cohorts with MRI: the first pathologically diagnosed cohort consisted of patients with LBD (n = 13), PSP (n = 6), multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 7), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD, n = 2); the second cohort consisted of patients with PD (n = 122). Midbrain length was measured using the One-Line Method and FreeSurfer estimated volumes of the subcortical nuclei. RESULTS The area under the curve of midbrain length differentiating PSP from LBD, MSA, and CBD in a pathologically diagnosed cohort was 0.91. Midbrain length with cut-off values of 10.5 mm and 9.5 mm had a sensitivity of 100% and 67% and a specificity of 68% and 96%, respectively. In the first cohort, 7.7% and 23.0% of patients with LBD showed midbrain lengths <9.5 mm and 10.5 mm, respectively, and in the second cohort, 4.9% and 19.7% showed midbrain lengths <9.5 mm and 10.5 mm, respectively. INTERPRETATION Midbrain length measured using the One-Line Method is helpful in the diagnosis of PSP. Some cases of pathologically diagnosed LBD and clinically diagnosed PD present with midbrain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sako
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akimitsu Suda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oji
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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Street D, Bevan-Jones WR, Malpetti M, Jones PS, Passamonti L, Ghosh BC, Rittman T, Coyle-Gilchrist IT, Allinson K, Dawson CE, Rowe JB. Structural correlates of survival in progressive supranuclear palsy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 116:105866. [PMID: 37804622 PMCID: PMC7615224 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies of the Richardson's syndrome phenotype of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have elucidated regions of progressive atrophy and neural correlates of clinical severity. However, the neural correlates of survival and how these differ according to variant phenotypes are poorly understood. We set out to identify structural changes that predict severity and survival from scanning date to death. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 112 deceased people with clinically defined 'probable' or 'possible' PSP were analysed. Neuroanatomical regions of interest volumes, thickness and area were correlated with 'temporal stage', defined as the ratio of time from symptom onset to death, time from scan to death ('survival from scan'), and in a subset of patients, clinical severity, adjusting for age and total intracranial volume. Forty-nine participants had post mortem confirmation of the diagnosis. RESULTS Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we confirmed the midbrain, and bilateral cortical structural correlates of contemporary disease severity. Atrophy of the striatum, cerebellum and frontotemporal cortex correlate with temporal stage and survival from scan, even after adjusting for severity. Subcortical structure-survival relationships were stronger in Richardson's syndrome than variant phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Although the duration of PSP varies widely between people, an individual's progress from disease onset to death (their temporal stage) reflects atrophy in striatal, cerebellar and frontotemporal cortical regions. Our findings suggest magnetic resonance imaging may contribute to prognostication and stratification of patients with heterogenous clinical trajectories and clarify the processes that confer mortality risk in PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Street
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - P Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK; Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Milano, Italy
| | - Boyd Cp Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK; Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Ts Coyle-Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK; Norfolk and Norwich NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine E Dawson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, UK; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Wattjes MP, Huppertz HJ, Mahmoudi N, Stöcklein S, Rogozinski S, Wegner F, Klietz M, Apostolova I, Levin J, Katzdobler S, Buhmann C, Quattrone A, Berding G, Brendel M, Barthel H, Sabri O, Höglinger G, Buchert R. Brain MRI in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with Richardson's Syndrome and Variant Phenotypes. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1891-1900. [PMID: 37545102 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to support the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the value of visual descriptive, manual planimetric, automatic volumetric MRI markers and fully automatic categorization is unclear, particularly regarding PSP predominance types other than Richardson's syndrome (RS). OBJECTIVES To compare different visual reading strategies and automatic classification of T1-weighted MRI for detection of PSP in a typical clinical cohort including PSP-RS and (non-RS) variant PSP (vPSP) patients. METHODS Forty-one patients (21 RS, 20 vPSP) and 46 healthy controls were included. Three readers using three strategies performed MRI analysis: exclusively visual reading using descriptive signs (hummingbird, morning-glory, Mickey-Mouse), visual reading supported by manual planimetry measures, and visual reading supported by automatic volumetry. Fully automatic classification was performed using a pre-trained support vector machine (SVM) on the results of atlas-based volumetry. RESULTS All tested methods achieved higher specificity than sensitivity. Limited sensitivity was driven to large extent by false negative vPSP cases. Support by automatic volumetry resulted in the highest accuracy (75.1% ± 3.5%) among the visual strategies, but performed not better than the midbrain area (75.9%), the best single planimetric measure. Automatic classification by SVM clearly outperformed all other methods (accuracy, 87.4%), representing the only method to provide clinically useful sensitivity also in vPSP (70.0%). CONCLUSIONS Fully automatic classification of volumetric MRI measures using machine learning methods outperforms visual MRI analysis without and with planimetry or volumetry support, particularly regarding diagnosis of vPSP, suggesting the use in settings with a broad phenotypic PSP spectrum. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike P Wattjes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Nima Mahmoudi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Klietz
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Georg Berding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Park TY, Jeon J, Lee N, Kim J, Song B, Kim JH, Lee SK, Liu D, Cha Y, Kim M, Leblanc P, Herrington TM, Carter BS, Schweitzer JS, Kim KS. Co-transplantation of autologous T reg cells in a cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Nature 2023; 619:606-615. [PMID: 37438521 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The specific loss of midbrain dopamine neurons (mDANs) causes major motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, which makes cell replacement a promising therapeutic approach1-4. However, poor survival of grafted mDANs remains an obstacle to successful clinical outcomes5-8. Here we show that the surgical procedure itself (referred to here as 'needle trauma') triggers a profound host response that is characterized by acute neuroinflammation, robust infiltration of peripheral immune cells and brain cell death. When midbrain dopamine (mDA) cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were transplanted into the rodent striatum, less than 10% of implanted tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ mDANs survived at two weeks after transplantation. By contrast, TH- grafted cells mostly survived. Notably, transplantation of autologous regulatory T (Treg) cells greatly modified the response to needle trauma, suppressing acute neuroinflammation and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, intra-striatal co-transplantation of Treg cells and human-iPS-cell-derived mDA cells significantly protected grafted mDANs from needle-trauma-associated death and improved therapeutic outcomes in rodent models of Parkinson's disease with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Co-transplantation with Treg cells also suppressed the undesirable proliferation of TH- grafted cells, resulting in more compact grafts with a higher proportion and higher absolute numbers of TH+ neurons. Together, these data emphasize the importance of the initial inflammatory response to surgical injury in the differential survival of cellular components of the graft, and suggest that co-transplanting autologous Treg cells effectively reduces the needle-trauma-induced death of mDANs, providing a potential strategy to achieve better clinical outcomes for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yoon Park
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jeha Jeon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nayeon Lee
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jisun Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Bin Song
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Good T Cells, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongxin Liu
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Young Cha
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Minseon Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Herrington
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
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11
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Pisani F, Pisani V, Arcangeli F, Harding A, Singhrao SK. Treponema denticola Has the Potential to Cause Neurodegeneration in the Midbrain via the Periodontal Route of Infection-Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6049. [PMID: 37297653 PMCID: PMC10252855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common example of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD are the abnormal deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. It is recognized that AD starts in the frontal cerebral cortex, and then it progresses to the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the rest of the brain. However, some studies on animals suggest that AD could also progress in the reverse order starting from the midbrain and then spreading to the frontal cortex. Spirochetes are neurotrophic: From a peripheral route of infection, they can reach the brain via the midbrain. Their direct and indirect effect via the interaction of their virulence factors and the microglia potentially leads to the host peripheral nerve, the midbrain (especially the locus coeruleus), and cortical damage. On this basis, this review aims to discuss the hypothesis of the ability of Treponema denticola to damage the peripheral axons in the periodontal ligament, to evade the complemental pathway and microglial immune response, to determine the cytoskeletal impairment and therefore causing the axonal transport disruption, an altered mitochondrial migration and the consequent neuronal apoptosis. Further insights about the central neurodegeneration mechanism and Treponema denticola's resistance to the immune response when aggregated in biofilm and its quorum sensing are suggested as a pathogenetic model for the advanced stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Pisani
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Valerio Pisani
- IRCCS, “Santa Lucia” Foundation, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcangeli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASLRM1, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Geriatric Department, Advanced Centre for Dementia and Cognitive Disorders, Via Emilio Morosini, 30, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Harding
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Simarjit Kaur Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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12
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Becerra-Calixto A, Mukherjee A, Ramirez S, Sepulveda S, Sinha T, Al-Lahham R, De Gregorio N, Gherardelli C, Soto C. Lewy Body-like Pathology and Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in Midbrain Organoids Derived from Familial Parkinson's Disease Patient. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040625. [PMID: 36831291 PMCID: PMC9954141 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of α-Synuclein (αSyn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons are the hallmark pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although currently available in vitro and in vivo models have provided crucial information about PD pathogenesis, the mechanistic link between the progressive accumulation of αSyn into LBs and the loss of DA neurons is still unclear. To address this, it is critical to model LB formation and DA neuron loss, the two key neuropathological aspects of PD, in a relevant in vitro system. In this study, we developed a human midbrain-like organoid (hMBO) model of PD. We demonstrated that hMBOs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), derived from a familial PD (fPD) patient carrying αSyn gene (SNCA) triplication accumulate pathological αSyn over time. These cytoplasmic inclusions spatially and morphologically resembled diverse stages of LB formation and were composed of key markers of LBs. Importantly, the progressive accumulation of pathological αSyn was paralleled by the loss of DA neurons and elevated apoptosis. The model developed in this study will complement the existing in vitro models of PD and will provide a unique platform to study the spatiotemporal events governing LB formation and their relation with neurodegeneration. Furthermore, this model will also be beneficial for in vitro screening and the development of therapeutic compounds.
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13
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Graffeo CS, Scherschinski L, Baranoski JF, Srinivasan VM, Lawton MT. Resection of Quadrigeminal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation Using the Supracollicular Safe Entry Zone. World Neurosurg 2023; 169:51. [PMID: 36334709 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are rare and challenging neurosurgical lesions that demand a sophisticated and nuanced strategy for resection. A key element of surgical planning for BSCM resection is brainstem safe entry zones, a set of neuroanatomically defined locations where a pial resection can be executed with minimal risk to the adjacent central nervous system tracts and nuclei.1-5 Quadrigeminal BSCMs are particularly unusual and can be accessed via the supra-, inter-, or infracollicular safe entry zones.2,4,5 We report a unique demonstration of the supracollicular safe entry zone for the resection of a symptomatic hemorrhagic quadrigeminal plate BSCM. A man in his early 60s presented with transient hearing loss and visual dysfunction. A right quadrigeminal midbrain cavernous malformation was identified on magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical resection was performed with the patient in the sitting position. A bipedicular suboccipital flap, torcular craniotomy, and midline supracerebellar infratentorial approach were used. The lesion itself was accessed via the supracollicular safe entry zone, where pial hemosiderin staining was also encountered, using a linear transverse incision just above the right superior colliculus. Gross total resection was achieved, and the patient recovered from surgery with no new neurologic deficits (Video 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Visish M Srinivasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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Aladdin Y, Shirah B, Khan K. Vertical One-and-a-Half Syndrome with Pseudoabducens Palsy and Midbrain Horizontal Gaze Paresis. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2022; 72:156-160. [PMID: 35616639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rostral mesencephalon may influence ocular motility in the vertical, horizontal, and torsional trajectories through intricate supranuclear, internuclear, and infranuclear neural networks. Strategic unilateral midbrain lesions may result in contralateral horizontal gaze palsy with saccadic failure due to combined interruption of supranuclear corticofugal fibers from the frontal eye field and colliculofugal fibers from the superior colliculus. In this article, we report a patient who sustained combined vertical and horizontal gaze deficits after a single infarct involving the mesodiencephalic junction. The neural substrate for each deficit is briefly discussed in light of clinical findings. This case presented a triad of three distinct syndromes of horizontal gaze paresis, vertical one-and-a-half syndrome, and pseudoabducens palsy due to damage of nuclear and supranuclear projections within the rostral mesencephalon. This combination was due to a single embolic infarct in the territory of the posterior thalamosubthalamic artery (artery of Percheron) that arises at the basilar bifurcation. Coexistence of these phenomena exemplified how rostral midbrain lesions may affect ocular motility in the vertical, horizontal, and torsional planes, along with disruption of normal vergence control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Aladdin
- Neurology Section, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Office, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Shirah
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Khan
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Caldi Gomes L, Galhoz A, Jain G, Roser A, Maass F, Carboni E, Barski E, Lenz C, Lohmann K, Klein C, Bähr M, Fischer A, Menden MP, Lingor P. Multi-omic landscaping of human midbrains identifies disease-relevant molecular targets and pathways in advanced-stage Parkinson's disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e692. [PMID: 35090094 PMCID: PMC8797064 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder whose prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of sporadic PD remain incompletely understood. Therefore, causative therapies are still elusive. To obtain a more integrative view of disease-mediated alterations, we investigated the molecular landscape of PD in human post-mortem midbrains, a region that is highly affected during the disease process. METHODS Tissue from 19 PD patients and 12 controls were obtained from the Parkinson's UK Brain Bank and subjected to multi-omic analyses: small and total RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina's HiSeq4000, while proteomics experiments were performed in a hybrid triple quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (TripleTOF5600+) following quantitative sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra. Differential expression analyses were performed with customized frameworks based on DESeq2 (for RNA sequencing) and with Perseus v.1.5.6.0 (for proteomics). Custom pipelines in R were used for integrative studies. RESULTS Our analyses revealed multiple deregulated molecular targets linked to known disease mechanisms in PD as well as to novel processes. We have identified and experimentally validated (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction/western blotting) several PD-deregulated molecular candidates, including miR-539-3p, miR-376a-5p, miR-218-5p and miR-369-3p, the valid miRNA-mRNA interacting pairs miR-218-5p/RAB6C and miR-369-3p/GTF2H3, as well as multiple proteins, such as CHI3L1, HSPA1B, FNIP2 and TH. Vertical integration of multi-omic analyses allowed validating disease-mediated alterations across different molecular layers. Next to the identification of individual molecular targets in all explored omics layers, functional annotation of differentially expressed molecules showed an enrichment of pathways related to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and defects in synaptic function. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive assessment of PD-affected and control human midbrains revealed multiple molecular targets and networks that are relevant to the disease mechanism of advanced PD. The integrative analyses of multiple omics layers underscore the importance of neuroinflammation, immune response activation, mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction as putative therapeutic targets for advanced PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Caldi Gomes
- Department of NeurologyRechts der Isar HospitalTechnical University of MunichMünchenGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ana Galhoz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH ‐ German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Computational BiologyNeuherbergGermany
- Department of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians University MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Anna‐Elisa Roser
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Fabian Maass
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Eleonora Carboni
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Barski
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Institute of Clinical ChemistryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry GroupMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingenGermany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of NeurogeneticsUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | | | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative DiseasesGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Michael P. Menden
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH ‐ German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Computational BiologyNeuherbergGermany
- Department of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians University MunichMartinsriedGermany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of NeurologyRechts der Isar HospitalTechnical University of MunichMünchenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MünchenGermany
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16
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Sharma N, Khurana N, Muthuraman A, Utreja P. Pharmacological evaluation of vanillic acid in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174112. [PMID: 33901458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the anti-Parkinson's effect of vanillic acid (VA) (12 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg p.o.) against rotenone (2 mg/kg s.c.) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rats. The continuous administration of rotenone for 35 days resulted in rigidity in muscles, catalepsy, and decrease in locomotor activity, body weight, and rearing behaviour along with the generation of oxidative stress in the brain (rise in the TBARS, and SAG level and reduced CAT, and GSH levels). Co-treatment of VA and levodopa-carbidopa (100 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg p.o.) lead to a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the muscle rigidity and catalepsy along with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in body weight, rearing behaviour, locomotion and muscle activity as compared to the rotenone-treated group in the dose dependent manner, showing maximum effect at the 50 mg/kg. It also showed reversal of levels of oxidative stress parameters thus, reducing the neuronal oxidative stress. The level of DA was also estimated which showed an increase in the level of DA in the VA plus standard drug treated animals as compared to rotenone treated group. Histopathological evaluation showed a high number of eosinophilic lesions in the rotenone group which were found to be very less in the VA co-treated group. The study thus proved that co-treatment of VA and levodopa-carbidopa, significantly protected the brain from neuronal damage due to oxidative stress and attenuated the motor defects indicating the possible therapeutic potential of VA as a neuroprotective in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144 411, India; Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Gursagar Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab, 148 001, India; Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144 603, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144 411, India
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Gursagar Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab, 148 001, India; Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Utreja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142 021, India.
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17
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Wang Q, Peng C, Yang M, Huang F, Duan X, Wang S, Cheng H, Yang H, Zhao H, Qin Q. Single-cell RNA-seq landscape midbrain cell responses to red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009665. [PMID: 34185811 PMCID: PMC8241073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an acute and serious fish disease caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV) which has been reported massive mortality in more than fifty teleost species worldwide. VNN causes damage of necrosis and vacuolation to central nervous system (CNS) cells in fish. It is difficult to identify the specific type of cell targeted by NNV, and to decipher the host immune response because of the functional diversity and highly complex anatomical and cellular composition of the CNS. In this study, we found that the red spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) mainly attacked the midbrain of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). We conducted single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the midbrain of healthy and RGNNV-infected fish and identified 35 transcriptionally distinct cell subtypes, including 28 neuronal and 7 non-neuronal cell types. An evaluation of the subpopulations of immune cells revealed that macrophages were enriched in RGNNV-infected fish, and the transcriptional profiles of macrophages indicated an acute cytokine and inflammatory response. Unsupervised pseudotime analysis of immune cells showed that microglia transformed into M1-type activated macrophages to produce cytokines to reduce the damage to nerve tissue caused by the virus. We also found that RGNNV targeted neuronal cell types was GLU1 and GLU3, and we found that the key genes and pathways by which causes cell cytoplasmic vacuoles and autophagy significant enrichment, this may be the major route viruses cause cell death. These data provided a comprehensive transcriptional perspective of the grouper midbrain and the basis for further research on how viruses infect the teleost CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengqi Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuzhuo Duan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huitao Cheng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (QQ)
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (HZ); (QQ)
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18
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Fu XY, Zhang YC, Ding CW, Yang M, Song X, Wang CS, Chen XF, Zhang Y, Sheng YJ, Mao P, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Association between homocysteine and third ventricle dilatation, mesencephalic area atrophy in Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:273-278. [PMID: 34275563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the association of homocysteine (Hcy) with third ventricle (V3) dilatation and mesencephalic area (MA) atrophy as determined by transcranial sonography (TCS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive impairment. METHODS The final statistical analysis included 101 PD patients and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Using the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) level II criteria for PD with cognitive impairment, we categorized the PD patients into PD with normal cognition group (PD) and PD with cognitive impairment group (PDC). All subjects underwent TCS and laboratory analysis. RESULTS The V3 width (r = 0.349, P = 0.005) and the MA (r = -0.484, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the Hcy concentration in the PDC patients. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR [95% CI] = 1.114 [0.991-1.251], P = 0.002), and Hcy level (OR [95% CI] = 0.931 [0.752-1.153], P = 0.411) were independent risk factors for V3 dilatation. Hcy level (OR [95% CI] = 0.557 [0.323-0.967], P = 0.035) were independent risk factors for MA atrophy. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio of V3 dilatation was 3.50 (95% CI 1.054-11.399, P = 0.031) and the odds ratio of MA atrophy was 4.67 (95% CI 1.395-15.602, P = 0.012) in the patients with higher Hcy level compared with the lower level. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a close association between the V3 width, MA and Hcy concentration in PD patients with cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that increased Hcy concentration played a significant role in the development of brain atrophy in PD with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ying Chun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.
| | - Chang Wei Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Cai Shan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xiao Fang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yu Jing Sheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Pan Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Cheng Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chun Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
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De Risi M, Tufano M, Alvino FG, Ferraro MG, Torromino G, Gigante Y, Monfregola J, Marrocco E, Pulcrano S, Tunisi L, Lubrano C, Papy-Garcia D, Tuchman Y, Salleo A, Santoro F, Bellenchi GC, Cristino L, Ballabio A, Fraldi A, De Leonibus E. Altered heparan sulfate metabolism during development triggers dopamine-dependent autistic-behaviours in models of lysosomal storage disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3495. [PMID: 34108486 PMCID: PMC8190083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders characterized by altered metabolism of heparan sulfate, including Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III and MPS-II, exhibit lysosomal dysfunctions leading to neurodegeneration and dementia in children. In lysosomal storage disorders, dementia is preceded by severe and therapy-resistant autistic-like symptoms of unknown cause. Using mouse and cellular models of MPS-IIIA, we discovered that autistic-like behaviours are due to increased proliferation of mesencephalic dopamine neurons originating during embryogenesis, which is not due to lysosomal dysfunction, but to altered HS function. Hyperdopaminergia and autistic-like behaviours are corrected by the dopamine D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390, providing a potential alternative strategy to the D2-like antagonist haloperidol that has only minimal therapeutic effects in MPS-IIIA. These findings identify embryonic dopaminergic neurodevelopmental defects due to altered function of HS leading to autistic-like behaviours in MPS-II and MPS-IIIA and support evidence showing that altered HS-related gene function is causative of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Tufano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Torromino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Gigante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Marrocco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Yaakov Tuchman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Fiorenzano A, Sozzi E, Parmar M, Storm P. Dopamine Neuron Diversity: Recent Advances and Current Challenges in Human Stem Cell Models and Single Cell Sequencing. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061366. [PMID: 34206038 PMCID: PMC8226961 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are a heterogeneous group of cells that share a common neurotransmitter phenotype and are in close anatomical proximity but display different functions, sensitivity to degeneration, and axonal innervation targets. The A9 DA neuron subtype controls motor function and is primarily degenerated in Parkinson’s disease (PD), whereas A10 neurons are largely unaffected by the condition, and their dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, DA neurons can only be reliably classified on the basis of topographical features, including anatomical location in the midbrain and projection targets in the forebrain. No systematic molecular classification at the genome-wide level has been proposed to date. Although many years of scientific efforts in embryonic and adult mouse brain have positioned us to better understand the complexity of DA neuron biology, many biological phenomena specific to humans are not amenable to being reproduced in animal models. The establishment of human cell-based systems combined with advanced computational single-cell transcriptomics holds great promise for decoding the mechanisms underlying maturation and diversification of human DA neurons, and linking their molecular heterogeneity to functions in the midbrain. Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a useful tool to recapitulate key molecular features of mature DA neuron subtypes. Here, we review some of the most recent advances and discuss the current challenges in using stem cells, to model human DA biology. We also describe how single cell RNA sequencing may provide key insights into the molecular programs driving DA progenitor specification into mature DA neuron subtypes. Exploiting the state-of-the-art approaches will lead to a better understanding of stem cell-derived DA neurons and their use in disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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21
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Izco M, Vettorazzi A, Forcen R, Blesa J, de Toro M, Alvarez-Herrera N, Cooper JM, Gonzalez-Peñas E, Lopez de Cerain A, Alvarez-Erviti L. Oral subchronic exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A induces key pathological features of Parkinson's disease in mice six months after the end of the treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112164. [PMID: 33819549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies with different levels of evidence have pointed to a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) after exposure to environmental toxicants. A practically unexplored potential etiological factor is a group of naturally-occurring fungal secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been reported to be neurotoxic in mice. To further identify if OTA exposure could have a role in PD pathology, Balb/c mice were orally treated with OTA (0.21, 0.5 mg/kg bw) four weeks and left for six months under normal diet. Effects of OTA on the onset, progression of alpha-synuclein pathology and development of motor deficits were evaluated. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses showed that oral subchronic OTA treatment induced loss of striatal dopaminergic innervation and dopaminergic cell dysfunction responsible for motor impairments. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein levels were increased in gut and brain. LAMP-2A protein was decreased in tissues showing alpha-synuclein pathology. Cell cultures exposed to OTA exhibited decreased LAMP-2A protein, impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy and decreased alpha-synuclein turnover which was linked to miRNAs deregulation, all reminiscent of PD. These results support the hypothesis that oral exposure to low OTA doses in mice can lead to biochemical and pathological changes reported in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Izco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Raquel Forcen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Av. Carlos V, 70, 28938, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
| | - Natalia Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - J Mark Cooper
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Gower Street, London, UK.
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Adela Lopez de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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22
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Labib AY, Ammar RM, El-Naga RN, El-Bahy AAZ, Tadros MG, Michel HE. Mechanistic insights into the protective effect of paracetamol against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Possible role of endocannabinoid system modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107431. [PMID: 33578261 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling progressive neurodegenerative disease. So far, PD's treatment remains symptomatic with no curative effects. Aside from its blatant analgesic and antipyretic efficacy, recent studies highlighted the endowed neuroprotective potentials of paracetamol (PCM). To this end: the present study investigated: (1) Possible protective role of PCM against rotenone-induced PD-like neurotoxicity in rats, and (2) the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective actions including cannabinoid receptors' modulation. A dose-response study was conducted using three doses of PCM (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and their effects on body weight changes, spontaneous locomotor activity, rotarod test, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein expression, and striatal dopamine (DA) content were evaluated. Results revealed that PCM (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) halted PD motor impairment, prevented rotenone-induced weight loss, restored normal histological tissue structure, reversed rotenone-induced reduction in TH expression and striatal DA content, and markedly decreased midbrain and striatal α-synuclein expression in rotenone-treated rats. Accordingly, PCM (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was selected for further mechanistic investigations, where it ameliorated rotenone-induced oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, apoptosis, and disturbed cannabinoid receptors' expression. In conclusion, our findings imply a multi-target neuroprotective effect of PCM in PD which could be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, in addition to cannabinoid receptors' modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yassin Labib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaymaa Amin Zaki El-Bahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative City, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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23
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Sucunza D, Rico AJ, Roda E, Collantes M, González-Aseguinolaza G, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Peñuelas I, Vázquez A, Labandeira-García JL, Broccoli V, Lanciego JL. Glucocerebrosidase Gene Therapy Induces Alpha-Synuclein Clearance and Neuroprotection of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in Mice and Macaques. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4825. [PMID: 34062940 PMCID: PMC8125775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094825&set/a 996529505+983673223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene coding for glucocerebrosidase (GCase) are the main genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Indeed, identifying reduced GCase activity as a common feature underlying the typical neuropathological signatures of PD-even when considering idiopathic forms of PD-has recently paved the way for designing novel strategies focused on enhancing GCase activity to reduce alpha-synuclein burden and preventing dopaminergic cell death. Here we have performed bilateral injections of a viral vector coding for the mutated form of alpha-synuclein (rAAV9-SynA53T) for disease modeling purposes, both in mice as well as in nonhuman primates (NHPs), further inducing a progressive neuronal death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Next, another vector coding for the GBA1 gene (rAAV9-GBA1) was unilaterally delivered in the SNpc of mice and NHPs one month after the initial insult, together with the contralateral delivery of an empty/null rAAV9 for control purposes. Obtained results showed that GCase enhancement reduced alpha-synuclein burden, leading to improved survival of dopaminergic neurons. Data reported here support using GCase gene therapy as a disease-modifying treatment for PD and related synucleinopathies, including idiopathic forms of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sucunza
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Alberto J. Rico
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.R.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Elvira Roda
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
| | - María Collantes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Gene Therapy, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana I. Rodríguez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Neurosurgery, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L. Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vania Broccoli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - José L. Lanciego
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (D.S.); (E.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.-A.); (A.I.R.-P.); (J.L.L.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.C.); (I.P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.R.); (J.L.L.)
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Yu G, Sun W, Wang W, Le C, Liang D, Shuai L. Overexpression of microRNA-202-3p in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11877-11888. [PMID: 33893248 PMCID: PMC8109138 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) can cause brain tissue inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNA) exert neuroprotective effects by regulating the inflammatory process during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, it is increasingly acknowledged that neuroinflammation is regulated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, it is unclear whether miRNA can exert its neuroprotective effects by regulating TLR4-mediated inflammation. METHODS The effects of BMSCs over-expressing miR-202-3p on CIRI, angiogenesis in midbrain tissue, and the release of inflammatory factors (IFs) in the serum were measured using in vivo rat models. We also used SH-SY5Y cells to establish an ischemia-reperfusion in vitro cell model. The interaction between miR-202-3p and TLR4 was analyzed by overexpressing miR-202-3p and knocking down TLR4. Knockdown of TLR4 was performed using siRNA. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-202-3p in BMSCs could significantly improve brain function and reduce brain damage. Simultaneously, miR-202-3p could significantly promote angiogenesis, increase the expression of vWF and VEGF, and reduce the expression of IFs. When the expression of TLR4 was significantly reduced in SH-SY5Y cells, the expression of IFs increased. Therefore, miRNA-202-3p may interact with TLR4 to modulate inflammation. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that miR-202-3p potentially exerts its neuroprotective effects and protects against CIRI by regulating TLR4-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wansong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Changhao Le
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dehuan Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lang Shuai
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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25
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Brown SJ, Boussaad I, Jarazo J, Fitzgerald JC, Antony P, Keatinge M, Blechman J, Schwamborn JC, Krüger R, Placzek M, Bandmann O. PINK1 deficiency impairs adult neurogenesis of dopaminergic neurons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6617. [PMID: 33758225 PMCID: PMC7988014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests neurogenesis is on-going throughout life but the relevance of these findings for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. Biallelic PINK1 mutations cause early onset, Mendelian inherited PD. We studied the effect of PINK1 deficiency on adult neurogenesis of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in two complementary model systems. Zebrafish are a widely-used model to study neurogenesis in development and through adulthood. Using EdU analyses and lineage-tracing studies, we first demonstrate that a subset of ascending DA neurons and adjacent local-projecting DA neurons are each generated into adulthood in wild type zebrafish at a rate that decreases with age. Pink1-deficiency impedes DA neurogenesis in these populations, most significantly in early adult life. Pink1 already exerts an early effect on Th1+ progenitor cells rather than on differentiated DA neurons only. In addition, we investigate the effect of PINK1 deficiency in a human isogenic organoid model. Global neuronal differentiation in PINK1-deficient organoids and isogenic controls is similar, but PINK1-deficient organoids display impeded DA neurogenesis. The observation of impaired adult dopaminergic neurogenesis in Pink1 deficiency in two complementing model systems may have significant consequences for future therapeutic approaches in human PD patients with biallelic PINK1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Brown
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Disease Modelling and Screening Platform (DMSP), Luxembourg Centre of Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg & Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Developmental Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Julia C Fitzgerald
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Antony
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental Biology, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- OrganoTherapeutics SARL, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marysia Placzek
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
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Pavia-Collado R, Cóppola-Segovia V, Miquel-Rio L, Alarcón-Aris D, Rodríguez-Aller R, Torres-López M, Paz V, Ruiz-Bronchal E, Campa L, Artigas F, Montefeltro A, Revilla R, Bortolozzi A. Intracerebral Administration of a Ligand-ASO Conjugate Selectively Reduces α-Synuclein Accumulation in Monoamine Neurons of Double Mutant Human A30P*A53T*α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062939. [PMID: 33805843 PMCID: PMC8001805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Point mutations and multiplications of the α-Syn, which encodes the SNCA gene, are correlated with early-onset PD, therefore the reduction in a-Syn synthesis could be a potential therapy for PD if delivered to the key affected neurons. Several experimental strategies for PD have been developed in recent years using oligonucleotide therapeutics. However, some of them have failed or even caused neuronal toxicity. One limiting step in the success of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics is their delivery to the brain compartment, and once there, to selected neuronal populations. Previously, we developed an indatraline-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (IND-1233-ASO), that selectively reduces α-Syn synthesis in midbrain monoamine neurons of mice, and nonhuman primates. Here, we extended these observations using a transgenic male mouse strain carrying both A30P and A53T mutant human α-Syn (A30P*A53T*α-Syn). We found that A30P*A53T*α-Syn mice at 4-5 months of age showed 3.5-fold increases in human α-Syn expression in dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and locus coeruleus (LC), respectively, compared with mouse α-Syn levels. In parallel, transgenic mice exhibited altered nigrostriatal DA neurotransmission, motor alterations, and an anxiety-like phenotype. Intracerebroventricular IND-1233-ASO administration (100 µg/day, 28 days) prevented the α-Syn synthesis and accumulation in the SNc and LC, and recovered DA neurotransmission, although it did not reverse the behavioral phenotype. Therefore, the present therapeutic strategy based on a conjugated ASO could be used for the selective inhibition of α-Syn expression in PD-vulnerable monoamine neurons, showing the benefit of the optimization of ASO molecules as a disease modifying therapy for PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pavia-Collado
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Cóppola-Segovia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Redox Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Lluís Miquel-Rio
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Alarcón-Aris
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Aller
- CHU de Quebec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; (A.M.); (R.R.)
| | - María Torres-López
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Paz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Ruiz-Bronchal
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Montefeltro
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; (A.M.); (R.R.)
- n-Life Therapeutics, S.L., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Revilla
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; (A.M.); (R.R.)
- n-Life Therapeutics, S.L., 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (R.P.-C.); (L.M.-R.); (D.A.-A.); (M.T.-L.); (V.P.); (E.R.-B.); (L.C.); (F.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Arencibia‐Albite F, Jiménez‐Rivera CA. Computational and theoretical insights into the homeostatic response to the decreased cell size of midbrain dopamine neurons. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14709. [PMID: 33484235 PMCID: PMC7824968 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons communicate signals of reward anticipation and attribution of salience. This capacity is distorted in heroin or cocaine abuse or in conditions such as human mania. A shared characteristic among rodent models of these behavioral disorders is that dopamine neurons in these animals acquired a small size and manifest an augmented spontaneous and burst activity. The biophysical mechanism underlying this increased excitation is currently unknown, but is believed to primarily follow from a substantial drop in K+ conductance secondary to morphology reduction. This work uses a dopamine neuron mathematical model to show, surprisingly, that under size diminution a reduction in K+ conductance is an adaptation that attempts to decrease cell excitability. The homeostatic response that preserves the intrinsic activity is the conservation of the ion channel density for each conductance; a result that is analytically demonstrated and challenges the experimentalist tendency to reduce intrinsic excitation to K+ conductance expression level. Another unexpected mechanism that buffers the raise in intrinsic activity is the presence of the ether-a-go-go-related gen K+ channel since its activation is illustrated to increase with size reduction. Computational experiments finally demonstrate that size attenuation results in the paradoxical enhancement of afferent-driven bursting as a reduced temporal summation indexed correlates with improved depolarization. This work illustrates, on the whole, that experimentation in the absence of mathematical models may lead to the erroneous interpretation of the counterintuitive aspects of empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arencibia‐Albite
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico
- Department of Natural SciencesUniversity of Sacred HeartSan JuanPuerto Rico
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Simão AY, Gonçalves J, Gradillas A, García A, Restolho J, Fernández N, Rodilla JM, Barroso M, Duarte AP, Cristóvão AC, Gallardo E. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Ayahuasca Beverages. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235594. [PMID: 33260723 PMCID: PMC7730595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage consumed at shamanic ceremonies and currently has gained popularity on recreational scenarios. It contains beta-carboline alkaloids and N,N-dimethyltryptamine, which possesses hallucinogenic effects. Only a few studies have elicited the psychoactive effects and the dose of such compounds on neurological dopaminergic cells or animals. In this work, we aimed to study the cytotoxic effects of these compounds present in ayahuasca beverages and on five different teas (Banisteriopsis caapi, Psychotria viridis, Peganum harmala, Mimosa tenuiflora and Dc Ab (commercial name)) preparations on dopaminergic immortalized cell lines. Moreover, a characterization of the derivative alkaloids was also performed. All the extracts were characterized by chromatographic systems and the effect of those compounds in cell viability and total protein levels were analyzed in N27 dopaminergic neurons cell line. This is the first article where cytotoxicity of ayahuasca tea is studied on neurological dopaminergic cells. Overall, results showed that both cell viability and protein contents decreased when cells were exposed to the individual compounds, as well as to the teas and to the two mixtures based on the traditional ayahuasca beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y. Simão
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (A.P.D.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (A.P.D.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Gradillas
- CEMBIO, Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonia García
- CEMBIO, Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.)
| | - José Restolho
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (A.P.D.)
| | - Nicolás Fernández
- Cátedra de Toxicología y Química Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicológico Analítico (CENATOXA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina;
| | - Jesus M. Rodilla
- Materiais Fibrosos e Tecnologias Ambientais—FibEnTech, Departamento de Química, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Mário Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa n.°3, 1169-201 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (A.P.D.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Cristóvão
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (A.P.D.)
- NEUROSOV, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.C.); (E.G.); Tel.: +351-275-329-002/3 (A.C.C. & E.G.)
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (J.G.); (J.R.); (A.P.D.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.C.); (E.G.); Tel.: +351-275-329-002/3 (A.C.C. & E.G.)
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Ghirelli A, Tosakulwong N, Weigand SD, Clark HM, Ali F, Botha H, Duffy JR, Utianski RL, Buciuc M, Murray ME, Labuzan SA, Spychalla AJ, Pham NTT, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Machulda MM, Baker M, Rademakers R, Filippi M, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Parisi JE, Dickson DW, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL. Sensitivity-Specificity of Tau and Amyloid β Positron Emission Tomography in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:1009-1022. [PMID: 32869362 PMCID: PMC7861121 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between tau and amyloid β (Aβ) molecular positron emission tomography (PET) and both Alzheimer-related pathology and 4-repeat tau pathology in autopsy-confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). METHODS Twenty-four patients had [18 F]-flortaucipir-PET and died with FTLD (progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], n = 10; corticobasal degeneration [CBD], n = 10; FTLD-TDP, n = 3; and Pick disease, n = 1). All but 1 had Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET. Braak staging, Aβ plaque and neurofibrillary tangle counts, and semiquantitative tau lesion scores were performed. Flortaucipir standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were calculated in a temporal meta region of interest (meta-ROI), entorhinal cortex and cortical/subcortical regions selected to match the tau lesion analysis. Global PiB SUVR was calculated. Autoradiography was performed in 1 PSP patient, with digital pathology used to quantify tau burden. RESULTS Nine cases (37.5%) had Aβ plaques. Global PiB SUVR correlated with Aβ plaque count, with 100% specificity and 50% sensitivity for diffuse plaques. Twenty-one (87.5%) had Braak stages I to IV. Flortaucipir correlated with neurofibrillary tangle counts in entorhinal cortex, but entorhinal and meta-ROI SUVRs were not elevated in Braak IV or primary age-related tauopathy. Flortaucipir uptake patterns differed across FTLD pathologies and could separate PSP and CBD. Flortaucipir correlated with tau lesion score in red nucleus and midbrain tegmentum across patients, but not in cortical or basal ganglia regions. Autoradiography demonstrated minimal uptake of flortaucipir, although flortaucipir correlated with quantitative tau burden across regions. INTERPRETATION Molecular PET shows expected correlations with Alzheimer-related pathology but lacks sensitivity to detect mild Alzheimer pathology in FTLD. Regional flortaucipir uptake was able to separate CBD and PSP. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1009-1022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Ghirelli
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan,
Italy
| | | | | | | | - Farwa Ali
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | | | | | - Marina Buciuc
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew L. Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan,
Italy
- Neurology and Neurophysiology Units, and Neuroimaging
Research Unit, INSPE, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific
Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kesavan G, Machate A, Hans S, Brand M. Cell-fate plasticity, adhesion and cell sorting complementarily establish a sharp midbrain-hindbrain boundary. Development 2020; 147:dev186882. [PMID: 32439756 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of sharp boundaries between groups of cells play a vital role during embryonic development as they serve to compartmentalize cells with similar fates. Some of these boundaries also act as organizers, with the ability to induce specific cell fates and morphogenesis in the surrounding cells. The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) is such an organizer: it acts as a lineage restriction boundary to prevent the intermingling of cells with different developmental fates. However, the mechanisms underlying the lineage restriction process remain unclear. Here, using novel fluorescent knock-in reporters, live imaging, Cre/lox-mediated lineage tracing, atomic force microscopy-based cell adhesion assays and mutant analysis, we analyze the process of lineage restriction at the MHB and provide mechanistic details. Specifically, we show that lineage restriction occurs by the end of gastrulation, and that the subsequent formation of sharp gene expression boundaries in the developing MHB occur through complementary mechanisms, i.e. cell-fate plasticity and cell sorting. Furthermore, we show that cell sorting at the MHB involves differential adhesion among midbrain and hindbrain cells that is mediated by N-cadherin and Eph-ephrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Machate
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
RATIONALE The incidence of pure arterial malformations is relatively low, and few cases have been reported. Only 2 cases with pure arterial malformation have been reported to receive surgery or endovascular treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS We report 3 cases and review the relevant literatures. The head examinations of the patients suggested the presence of high-density shadows in front of the pons and midbrain, the dilation of the supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery, and moyamoya in the left brain with an aneurysm-like expansion located on the left posterior communicating artery respectively. After admission, head digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed. DIAGNOSES Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for these 3 patients showed that the left posterior communicating artery, the supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery, and the left posterior communicating artery appeared dilated, tortuous, and spirally elongated. In addition, the lesions in the latter 2 patients were accompanied with local aneurysmal changes. INTERVENTIONS Two patients were given conservative treatment, and another patient was given endovascular treatment. A head DSA was reviewed 6 months after therapy. OUTCOMES The prognosis status of the 3 patients was good. Two patients in the conservative treatment group showed no changes in the lesions on head DSA examination. The DSA examination of the third patient indicated that the vascular remodeling of the diseased vessels was good, the blood vessels were unobstructed, and the aneurysms had disappeared. LESSONS Pure arterial malformations mostly occur in young women and may involve any blood vessels in the brain. It can be accompanied with local aneurysms and calcification. The patients are often given conservative treatment but need to be reviewed regularly. However, it is beneficial to give endovascular treatment to the patients with local aneurysms.
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Peng F, Lu L, Wei F, Wu D, Wang K, Tang J. The onjisaponin B metabolite tenuifolin ameliorates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport 2020; 31:456-465. [PMID: 32168102 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Onjisaponin B (OB) is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb polygala, which is effective against neurodegenerative disorders. However, the target of OB is currently unknown. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are both risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we used a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced subacute mouse model of PD to explore the efficacy and neuroprotective mechanism of OB in PD. Immunohistochemistry was used to mark dopaminergic (DA) neurons and microglia in the substantia nigra pars compact. Administration of OB (20 and 40 mg/kg) prevented the degeneration of DA neurons and improved motor impairment in the rotarod test. Furthermore, OB attenuated microglia over-activation and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as determined by ELISA. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were used to measure the level of oxidative stress in brain homogenates and suppression of excessive lipid epoxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme activity were found in OB-treated PD mice. Finally, OB inhibits the expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB in the nucleus and attenuated expression of the RhoA and ROCK2 proteins in PD mice. Consequently, our results show that OB ameliorates DA neurodegeneration in a MPTP-induced mouse model of PD through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mediated via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway. This finding demonstrates that OB may be a promising drug for DA neuron degeneration, which may provide a new therapeutic agent for future discovery of drugs for PD.See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/WNR/A580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou
| | - Linyu Lu
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Die Wu
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- Department of physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Challis C, Hori A, Sampson TR, Yoo BB, Challis RC, Hamilton AM, Mazmanian SK, Volpicelli-Daley LA, Gradinaru V. Gut-seeded α-synuclein fibrils promote gut dysfunction and brain pathology specifically in aged mice. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:327-336. [PMID: 32066981 PMCID: PMC7065967 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a synucleinopathy that is characterized by motor dysfunction, death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates. Evidence suggests that α-Syn aggregation can originate in peripheral tissues and progress to the brain via autonomic fibers. We tested this by inoculating the duodenal wall of mice with α-Syn preformed fibrils. Following inoculation, we observed gastrointestinal deficits and physiological changes to the enteric nervous system. Using the AAV-PHP.S capsid to target the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase for peripheral gene transfer, we found that α-Syn pathology is reduced due to the increased expression of this protein. Lastly, inoculation of α-Syn fibrils in aged mice, but not younger mice, resulted in progression of α-Syn histopathology to the midbrain and subsequent motor defects. Our results characterize peripheral synucleinopathy in prodromal Parkinson's disease and explore cellular mechanisms for the gut-to-brain progression of α-Syn pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Challis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Acacia Hori
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bryan B Yoo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary C Challis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Chlebanowska P, Tejchman A, Sułkowski M, Skrzypek K, Majka M. Use of 3D Organoids as a Model to Study Idiopathic Form of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030694. [PMID: 31973095 PMCID: PMC7037292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are becoming particularly popular in modeling diseases that are difficult to reproduce in animals, due to anatomical differences in the structure of a given organ. Thus, they are a bridge between the in vitro and in vivo models. Human midbrain is one of the structures that is currently being intensively reproduced in organoids for modeling Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thanks to three-dimensional (3D) architecture and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiation into organoids, it has been possible to recapitulate a complicated network of dopaminergic neurons. In this work, we present the first organoid model for an idiopathic form of PD. iPSCs were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers and patients with the idiopathic form of PD by transduction with Sendai viral vector. iPSCs were differentiated into a large multicellular organoid-like structure. The mature organoids displayed expression of neuronal early and late markers. Interestingly, we observed statistical differences in the expression levels of LIM homeobox transcription factor alpha (early) and tyrosine hydroxylase (late) markers between organoids from PD patient and healthy volunteer. The obtained results show immense potential for the application of 3D human organoids in studying the neurodegenerative disease and modeling cellular interactions within the human brain.
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Coenen VA, Schlaepfer TE, Sajonz B, Döbrössy M, Kaller CP, Urbach H, Reisert M. Tractographic description of major subcortical projection pathways passing the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Corticopetal organization of networks relevant for psychiatric disorders. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 25:102165. [PMID: 31954987 PMCID: PMC6965747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are psychiatric diseases with a huge impact on individual well-being. Despite optimal treatment regiments a subgroup of patients remains treatment resistant and stereotactic surgery (stereotactic lesion surgery, SLS or Deep Brain Stimulation, DBS) might be an option. Recent research has described four networks related to MD and OCD (affect, reward, cognitive control, default network) but only on a cortical and the adjacent sub-cortical level. Despite the enormous impact of comparative neuroanatomy, animal science and stereotactic approaches a holistic theory of subcortical and cortical network interactions is elusive. Because of the dominant hierarchical rank of the neocortex, corticofugal approaches have been used to identify connections in subcortical anatomy without anatomical priors and in part confusing results. We here propose a different corticopetal approach by identifying subcortical networks and search for neocortical convergences thereby following the principle of phylogenetic and ontogenetic network development. MATERIAL AND METHODS This work used a diffusion tensor imaging data from a normative cohort (Human Connectome Project, HCP; n = 200) to describe eight subcortical fiber projection pathways (PPs) from subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SNR), red nucleus (RN), ventral tegmental area (VTA), ventrolateral thalamus (VLT) and mediodorsal thalamus (MDT) in a normative space (MNI). Subcortical and cortical convergences were described including an assignment of the specific pathways to MD/OCD-related networks. Volumes of activated tissue for different stereotactic stimulation sites and procedures were simulated to understand the role of the distinct networks, with respect to symptoms and treatment of OCD and MD. RESULTS The detailed course of eight subcortical PPs (stnPP, snrPP, rnPP, vlATR, vlATRc, mdATR, mdATRc, vtaPP/slMFB) were described together with their subcortical and cortical convergences. The anterior limb of the internal capsule can be subdivided with respect to network occurrences in ventral-dorsal and medio-lateral gradients. Simulation of stereotactic procedures for OCD and MD showed dominant involvement of mdATR/mdATRc (affect network) and vtaPP/slMFB (reward network). DISCUSSION Corticofugal search strategies for the evaluation of stereotactic approaches without anatomical priors often lead to confusing results which do not allow for a clear assignment of a procedure to an involved network. According to our simulation of stereotactic procedures in the treatment of OCD and MD, most of the target regions directly involve the reward (and affect) networks, while side-effects can in part be explained with a co-modulation of the control network. CONCLUSION The here proposed corticopetal approach of a hierarchical description of 8 subcortical PPs with subcortical and cortical convergences represents a new systematics of networks found in all different evolutionary and distinct parts of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker A Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Freiburg University, Germany.
| | - Thomas E Schlaepfer
- Department of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Bastian Sajonz
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
| | - Máté Döbrössy
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Department of Neuroradiology, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center and Medical Faculty of Freiburg University, Breisacher Strasse 64, Freiburg im Breisgau 79106, Germany
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Yip HM, Vallabhaneni K, Williams D. Neurosarcoidosis presenting with a partial Claude syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e232317. [PMID: 31748369 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosarcoidosis when encountered by neurologists most commonly presents as cranial neuropathy, peripheral mononeuropathy,polyneuropathy, myopathy, meningitis or myelopathy. There are limited reports in the current literature on the cases of neurosarcoidosis patients presenting with ischaemic stroke. We discuss a 52-year-old patient with a known previous history of cutaneous sarcoidosis presenting with an acute third nerve palsy, facial weakness and ataxia. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain demonstrated focal signal changes in the midbrain consistent with an acute ischaemic event in the region of his third nucleus, suggesting a partial Claude syndrome presentation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination demonstrated an elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level. We discuss the difficulties associated with confirming a diagnosis for his presentation and consider distinctions in stroke in neurosarcoid and its management in comparison to more common causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng Yip
- Nephrology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - David Williams
- Neurology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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Leitner D, Ramamoorthy M, Dejosez M, Zwaka TP. Immature mDA neurons ameliorate motor deficits in a 6-OHDA Parkinson's disease mouse model and are functional after cryopreservation. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101617. [PMID: 31731178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Clinical studies investigating replacement of these neurons with in vitro-generated neurons are currently underway. However, this approach has been limited by difficulties in scaling up on-demand production of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from pluripotent stem cells. Cryo-preservation may offer a solution, as it allows for banking of quality controlled mDA neurons. In this study, we tested different freezing conditions and found that optimal cryopreservation of immature human mDA neurons at an early differentiation time point was achieved in STEM-CELLBANKER medium using a controlled freezing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Leitner
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mahesh Ramamoorthy
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Marion Dejosez
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Thomas P Zwaka
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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38
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Stott SRW, Randle SJ, Al Rawi S, Rowicka PA, Harris R, Mason B, Xia J, Dalley JW, Barker RA, Laman H. Loss of FBXO7 results in a Parkinson's-like dopaminergic degeneration via an RPL23-MDM2-TP53 pathway. J Pathol 2019; 249:241-254. [PMID: 31144295 PMCID: PMC6790581 DOI: 10.1002/path.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of Parkinson's disease research has been impeded by the absence of animal models that clearly phenocopy the features of this neurodegenerative condition. Mutations in FBXO7/PARK15 are associated with both sporadic Parkinson's disease and a severe form of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinsonism. Here we report that conditional deletion of Fbxo7 in the midbrain dopamine neurons results in an early reduction in striatal dopamine levels, together with a slow, progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and onset of locomotor defects. Unexpectedly, a later compensatory response led to a near-full restoration of dopaminergic fibre innervation in the striatum, but nigral cell loss was irreversible. Mechanistically, there was increased expression in the dopamine neurons of FBXO7-interacting protein, RPL23, which is a sensor of ribosomal stress that inhibits MDM2, the negative regulator of p53. A corresponding activated p53 transcriptional signature biased towards pro-apoptotic genes was also observed. These data suggest that the neuroprotective role of FBXO7 involves its suppression of the RPL23-MDM2-p53 axis that promotes cell death in dopaminergic midbrain neurons. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon RW Stott
- John van Geest Centre for Brain RepairUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Sara Al Rawi
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Bethany Mason
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jing Xia
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain RepairUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome – MRC Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Heike Laman
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Morales-Garcia JA, Alonso-Gil S, Santos Á, Perez-Castillo A. Phosphodiesterase 7 Regulation in Cellular and Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:806-822. [PMID: 31473904 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain. This disease is diagnosed when around 50% of these neurons have already died; consequently, therapeutic treatments start too late. Therefore, an urgent need exists to find new targets involved in the onset and progression of the disease. Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is a key enzyme involved in the degradation of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in different cell types; however, little is known regarding its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and specifically in Parkinson's disease. We have previously shown that chemical as well as genetic inhibition of this enzyme results in neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory activity in different models of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Here, we have used in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease to study the regulation of PDE7 protein levels. Our results show that PDE7 is upregulated after an injury both in the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y and in primary rat mesencephalic cultures and after lipopolysaccharide or 6-hidroxydopamine injection in the Substantia nigra pars compacta of adult mice. PDE7 increase takes place mainly in degenerating dopaminergic neurons and in microglia cells. This enhanced expression appears to be direct since 6-hydroxydopamine and lipopolysaccharide increase the expression of a 962-bp fragment of its promoter. Taking together, these results reveal an essential function for PDE7 in the pathways leading to neurodegeneration and inflammatory-mediated brain damage and suggest novel roles for PDE7 in neurodegenerative diseases, specifically in PD, opening the door for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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Meel MH, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Preclinical therapeutic targets in diffuse midline glioma. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 44:15-25. [PMID: 31202081 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are rapidly fatal tumors of the midbrain in children, characterized by a diffuse growing pattern and high levels of intrinsic resistance to therapy. The location of these tumors, residing behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the limited knowledge about the biology of these tumors, has hindered the development of effective treatment strategies. However, the introduction of diagnostic biopsies and the implementation of autopsy protocols in several large centers world-wide has allowed for a detailed characterization of these rare tumors. This has resulted in the identification of novel therapeutic targets, as well as major advances in understanding the biology of DMG in relation to therapy resistance. We here provide an overview of the cellular pathways and tumor-specific aberrations that have been targeted in preclinical DMG research, and discuss the advantages and limitations of these therapeutic strategies in relation to therapy resistance and BBB-penetration. Therewith, we aim to provide researchers with a framework for successful preclinical therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Hananja Meel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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41
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Schuhmann MK, Stoll G, Bohr A, Volkmann J, Fluri F. Electrical Stimulation of the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Attenuates Neuronal Loss and Cytokine Expression in the Perifocal Region of Photothrombotic Stroke in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092341. [PMID: 31083528 PMCID: PMC6540310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) improves the motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and experimental stroke by intervening in the motor cerebral network. Whether high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the MLR is involved in non-motor processes, such as neuroprotection and inflammation in the area surrounding the photothrombotic lesion, has not been elucidated. This study evaluates whether MLR-HFS exerts an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effect on the border zone of cerebral photothrombotic stroke. Rats underwent photothrombotic stroke of the right sensorimotor cortex and the implantation of a microelectrode into the ipsilesional MLR. After intervention, either HFS or sham stimulation of the MLR was applied for 24 h. The infarct volumes were calculated from consecutive brain sections. Neuronal apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry determined the perilesional inflammatory response. Neuronal apoptosis was significantly reduced in the ischemic penumbra after MLR-HFS, whereas the infarct volumes did not differ between the groups. MLR-HFS significantly reduced the release of cytokines and chemokines within the ischemic penumbra. MLR-HFS is neuroprotective and it reduces pro-inflammatory mediators in the area that surrounds the photothrombotic stroke without changing the number of immune cells, which indicates that MLR-HFS enables the function of inflammatory cells to be altered on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Schuhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Arne Bohr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Fluri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Li X, Koudstaal W, Fletcher L, Costa M, van Winsen M, Siregar B, Inganäs H, Kim J, Keogh E, Macedo J, Holland T, Perry S, Bard F, Hoozemans JJ, Goudsmit J, Apetri A, Pascual G. Naturally occurring antibodies isolated from PD patients inhibit synuclein seeding in vitro and recognize Lewy pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:825-836. [PMID: 30805666 PMCID: PMC6482120 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of α-synuclein into Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is hypothesized that α-synuclein pathology spreads by a “prion-like” mechanism (i.e., by seeded aggregation or templated misfolding). Therefore, various extracellular α-synuclein conformers and/or posttranslational modifications may serve as biomarkers of disease or potential targets for novel interventions. To explore whether the antibody repertoires of PD patients contain anti-α-synuclein antibodies that can potentially be used as markers or immunotherapy, we interrogated peripheral IgG+ memory B cells from PD patients for reactivity to α-synuclein. In total, ten somatically mutated antibodies were recovered, suggesting the presence of an ongoing antigen-driven immune response. The three antibodies that had the highest affinity to recombinant full-length α-synuclein, aSyn-323.1, aSyn-336.1 and aSyn-338.1, were characterized further and shown to recognize epitopes in the C terminus of α-synuclein with binding affinities between 0.3 and 2.8 μM. Furthermore, all three antibodies were able to neutralize the “seeding” of intracellular synuclein aggregates in an in vitro α-synuclein seeding assay. Finally, differential reactivities were observed for all three human anti-α-synuclein antibodies across tissue treatment conditions by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that the memory B-cell repertoire of PD patients might represent a potential source of biomarkers and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Wouter Koudstaal
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Lucidity Biomedical Consulting, Calle Emir 11, 18006 Granada, Spain
| | - Lauren Fletcher
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Martha Costa
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Margot van Winsen
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Berdien Siregar
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Inganäs
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Kim
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Elissa Keogh
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Jeremy Macedo
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Trevin Holland
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Stuart Perry
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Frederique Bard
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Jeroen J. Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, Meidreefberg 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Apetri
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Pascual
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
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Albi E, Cataldi S, Codini M, Mariucci G, Lazzarini A, Ceccarini MR, Ferri I, Laurenti ME, Arcuri C, Patria F, Beccari T, Conte C. Neutral sphingomyelinase increases and delocalizes in the absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4: A new insight for MPTP neurotoxicity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 142:46-52. [PMID: 30928412 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both sphingomyelinase and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between the two molecules remains unclear. In this study, using WT and TLR4-deficient mice, treated or not with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we aimed to investigate the relation between TLR4 and neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) in the midbrain. We found that the lack of TLR4 caused increase in nSMase protein expression and enzyme activity in the midbrain, as well as a marked delocalization from the cell membranes. This provoked a decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) species and an increase in ceramide levels. We found that exposure of TLR4-deficient mice to MPTP reduces unsaturated SM species by increasing saturated/unsaturated SM ratio. Saturated fatty acid make SM more rigid and could contribute to reducing neural plasticity. In this study we showed that the absence of TLR4 also induced reduction of both heavy neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and mice exhibited higher sensitivity to MPTP administration. We speculated about the possible association between nSMase-TLR4 complex and MPTP midbrain damage. Taken together, our findings provide for the first time indications about the role of TLR4 in change of SM metabolism in MPTP neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Research Centre of Biochemical Specialist Analyses, CRABiON, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Ferri
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Patria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy.
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Singh S, Mishra A, Mohanbhai SJ, Tiwari V, Chaturvedi RK, Khurana S, Shukla S. Axin-2 knockdown promote mitochondrial biogenesis and dopaminergic neurogenesis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:73-87. [PMID: 30176346 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnts and the components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are widely expressed in midbrain and required to control the fate specification of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, a neuronal population that specifically degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in pathogenesis of PD. Axin-2, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects mitochondrial biogenesis and death/birth of new DAergic neurons is not fully explored. We investigated the functional role of Axin-2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mitochondrial biogenesis and DAergic neurogenesis in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We demonstrate that single unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) potentially dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We used shRNA lentiviruses to genetically knockdown Axin-2 to up-regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Genetic knockdown of Axin-2 up-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by destabilizing the β-catenin degradation complex in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling improved behavioural functions and protected the nigral DAergic neurons by increasing mitochondrial functionality in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA treatment reduced apoptotic signaling, autophagy and ROS generation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Interestingly, Axin-2 shRNA-mediated up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced net DAergic neurogenesis by regulating proneural genes (Nurr-1, Pitx-3, Ngn-2, and NeuroD1) and mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Therefore, our data suggest that pharmacological/genetic manipulation of Wnt signaling that enhances the endogenous regenerative capacity of DAergic neurons may have implication for regenerative approaches in PD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/drug effects
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/metabolism
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/pathology
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Mesencephalon/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/pathology
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Oxidopamine/administration & dosage
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Pars Compacta/drug effects
- Pars Compacta/metabolism
- Pars Compacta/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stereotaxic Techniques
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Zhou Y, Zhu J, Lv Y, Song C, Ding J, Xiao M, Lu M, Hu G. Kir6.2 Deficiency Promotes Mesencephalic Neural Precursor Cell Differentiation via Regulating miR-133b/GDNF in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8550-8562. [PMID: 29564810 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) is a major feature in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Using neural stem or progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs), the prospect of replacing the missing or damaged DA neurons is very attractive for PD therapy. However, little is known about the endogenous mechanisms and molecular pathways regulating the NSC/NPC proliferation and differentiation in the development of PD. Herein, using Kir6.2 knockout (Kir6.2-/-) mice, we observed that genetic deficiency of Kir6.2 exacerbated the loss of SN DA neurons relatively early in a chronic MPTP/probenecid (MPTP/p) injection course, but rescued the damage of neurons 7 days after the last MPTP/p injection. Meanwhile, we found that Kir6.2 knockout predominantly increased the differentiation of nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1+) precursors to DA neurons, indicating that Kir6.2 deficiency could activate an endogenous self-repair process. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vivo and in vitro that lack of Kir6.2 promoted neuronal differentiation via inhibiting the downregulation of glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which negatively related to the level of microRNA-133b. Notably, we revealed that Gdnf is a target gene of miR-133b and transfection of miR-133b could attenuate the enhancement of neural precursor differentiation induced by Kir6.2 deficiency. Collectively, we clarify for the first time that Kir6.2/K-ATP channel functions as a novel endogenous negative regulator of NPC differentiation, and provide a promising neuroprotective target for PD therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease/genetics
- Parkinson Disease/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/deficiency
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Probenecid
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghuan Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Fernandez SP, Broussot L, Marti F, Contesse T, Mouska X, Soiza-Reilly M, Marie H, Faure P, Barik J. Mesopontine cholinergic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons drive stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4449. [PMID: 30361503 PMCID: PMC6202358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful life events are primary environmental factors that markedly contribute to depression by triggering brain cellular maladaptations. Dysregulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons has been causally linked to the appearance of social withdrawal and anhedonia, two classical manifestations of depression. However, the relevant inputs that shape these dopamine signals remain largely unknown. We demonstrate that chronic social defeat (CSD) stress, a preclinical paradigm of depression, causes marked hyperactivity of laterodorsal tegmentum (LDTg) excitatory neurons that project to the VTA. Selective chemogenetic-mediated inhibition of cholinergic LDTg neurons prevent CSD-induced VTA DA neurons dysregulation and depressive-like behaviors. Pro-depressant outcomes are replicated by pairing activation of LDTg cholinergic terminals in the VTA with a moderate stress. Prevention of CSD outcomes are recapitulated by blocking corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 within the LDTg. These data uncover a neuro-circuitry of depressive-like disorders and demonstrate that stress, via a neuroendocrine signal, profoundly dysregulates the LDTg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, 06560, France.
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire & Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7275, Valbonne, France.
| | - Loïc Broussot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, 06560, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire & Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Neurosciences Paris Seine, INSERM U1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Contesse
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, 06560, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire & Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Xavier Mouska
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, 06560, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire & Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Mariano Soiza-Reilly
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM, UMRS-839, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, 06560, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire & Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Neurosciences Paris Seine, INSERM U1130, CNRS, UMR 8246, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, 06560, France.
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire & Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR7275, Valbonne, France.
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Kim H, Calatayud C, Guha S, Fernández-Carasa I, Berkowitz L, Carballo-Carbajal I, Ezquerra M, Fernández-Santiago R, Kapahi P, Raya Á, Miranda-Vizuete A, Lizcano JM, Vila M, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Consiglio A, Dalfo E. The Small GTPase RAC1/CED-10 Is Essential in Maintaining Dopaminergic Neuron Function and Survival Against α-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7533-7552. [PMID: 29429047 PMCID: PMC6096980 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is associated with intracellular α-synuclein accumulation and ventral midbrain dopaminergic neuronal death in the Substantia Nigra of brain patients. The Rho GTPase pathway, mainly linking surface receptors to the organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, has been suggested to participate to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, its exact contribution remains obscure. To unveil the participation of the Rho GTPase family to the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, we first used C elegans to demonstrate the role of the small GTPase RAC1 (ced-10 in the worm) in maintaining dopaminergic function and survival in the presence of alpha-synuclein. In addition, ced-10 mutant worms determined an increase of alpha-synuclein inclusions in comparison to control worms as well as an increase in autophagic vesicles. We then used a human neuroblastoma cells (M17) stably over-expressing alpha-synuclein and found that RAC1 function decreased the amount of amyloidogenic alpha-synuclein. Further, by using dopaminergic neurons derived from patients of familial LRRK2-Parkinson's disease we report that human RAC1 activity is essential in the regulation of dopaminergic cell death, alpha-synuclein accumulation, participates in neurite arborization and modulates autophagy. Thus, we determined for the first time that RAC1/ced-10 participates in Parkinson's disease associated pathogenesis and established RAC1/ced-10 as a new candidate for further investigation of Parkinson's disease associated mechanisms, mainly focused on dopaminergic function and survival against α-synuclein-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Carles Calatayud
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08028, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sanjib Guha
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Irene Fernández-Carasa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08028, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Laura Berkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Iria Carballo-Carbajal
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology: Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology: Clinical and Experimental Research, IDIBAPS - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Lizcano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociències, Faculty of Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociències, Faculty of Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08028, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, 08908, Spain.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Spain.
| | - Esther Dalfo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Neurociències, Faculty of Medicine, M2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra Campus, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Can Baumann, 08500, Vic, Spain.
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Hui L, Shijun H, Tao L, Guoqiang W, Shixiong H. Bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions with hypopituitarism as long-term complications postradiotherapy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11917. [PMID: 30142801 PMCID: PMC6113035 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation is widely used as the first-line treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and improves survival. Nevertheless, radiation also places the patients at risk of radiation-induced adverse effects, such as transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, hypopituitarism, and cranial nerve and temporal lobe dysfunction. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old woman who had undergone radiation treatment for NPC 14 years earlier and had no cerebrovascular risk factors, visited our department 4 days after sudden onset of consciousness disturbance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral thalamic and left mesencephalic infarctions with empty sella. Meanwhile, MR angiography showed narrowing in the bilateral posterior cerebral artery. Furthermore, laboratory tests showed low total triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3, free T4, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and serum natrium and normal thyroid-stimulating hormone, which indicated radiation-related hypopituitarism. Serologically, she had low hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, ferritin, and serum iron levels and elevated transferrin, manifesting microcytic anemia. The treatment, including aspirin, atorvastatin, levothyroxine, prednisone, saline infusion, and chalybeate, promoted the patient's recovery. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarction together with hypopituitarism following radiotherapy for NPC.
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Azmy MS, Menze ET, El-Naga RN, Tadros MG. Neuroprotective Effects of Filgrastim in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Insights into its Anti-Inflammatory, Neurotrophic, and Antiapoptotic Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6572-6588. [PMID: 29327204 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All current treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) focus on enhancing the dopaminergic effects and providing symptomatic relief; however, they cannot delay the disease progression. Filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, demonstrated neuroprotection in many neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effects of filgrastim in rotenone-induced rat model of PD and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of filgrastim actions. The effects of two doses of filgrastim (20 and 40 μg/kg) on spontaneous locomotion, catalepsy, body weight, histology, and striatal dopamine (DA) content, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein expression, were evaluated. Then, the effective dose was further tested for its potential anti-inflammatory, neurotrophic, and antiapoptotic effects. Filgrastim (40 μg/kg) prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits, weight reduction, striatal DA depletion, and histological damage. Besides, it significantly inhibited rotenone-induced decrease in TH expression and increase in α-synuclein immunoreactivity in the midbrains and striata of the rats. These effects were associated with reduction of rotenone-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor depletion. Collectively, these results suggest that filgrastim might be a good candidate for management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama S Azmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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50
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Barr DB, McFadzean RM, Hadley D, Ramsay A, Houston CA, Russell D. Acquired Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: A Localising Sign in the Dorsal Midbrain. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 7:271-6. [PMID: 9352282 DOI: 10.1177/112067219700700312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral superior oblique palsy is an uncommon ocular motility problem, the commonest cause being closed head trauma. Two cases, both adults, are presented in whom bilateral superior oblique palsy occurred as a result of neoplastic infiltration of the dorsal midbrain in the region of the anterior medullary velum. In the absence of a history of head trauma, the presence of an acquired bilateral superior oblique palsy is a definite sign of a single lesion in the region of the decussation of the trochlear nerves and appropriate imaging is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Barr
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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