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Du Y, Lee YB, Graves SM. Chronic methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration: Differential vulnerability of ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108817. [PMID: 34610287 PMCID: PMC8556701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) axons; chronic administration produces SNc degeneration that is prevented by MAO inhibition suggesting that MAO-dependent axonal mitochondrial stress is a causal factor. To test whether meth similarly increases mitochondrial stress in ventral tegmental area (VTA) axons, we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to assess mitochondrial stress ex vivo. Meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in both SNc and VTA axons. However, despite having the same meth-induced stress as SNc neurons, VTA neurons were resistant to chronic meth-induced degeneration indicating that meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons was necessary but not sufficient for degeneration. To determine whether L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent stress differentiates SNc and VTA axons, as reported in the soma, the L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay K8644 was used. Opening L-type Ca2+ channels increased axonal mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA axons. To first determine whether mitochondrial stress was necessary for SNc degeneration, mice were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoTEMPO. Chronic meth-induced SNc degeneration was prevented by mitoTEMPO thereby confirming the necessity of mitochondrial stress. Similar to results with the antioxidant, both MAO inhibition and L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition also prevented SNc degeneration. Taken together the presented data demonstrate that both MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress is necessary for chronic meth-induced degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - You Bin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Xu DA, DeYoung TP, Kondoleon NP, Eckenhoff RG, Eckenhoff MF. Anesthetic Effects on the Progression of Parkinson Disease in the Rat DJ-1 Model. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:1140-1151. [PMID: 34673725 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes of Parkinson disease are not clear but may involve genetic susceptibilities and environmental factors. As in other neurodegenerative disorders, individuals predisposed to Parkinson disease may have an accelerated onset of symptoms following perioperative stress such as anesthesia, surgery, pain, and inflammation. We hypothesized that anesthesia alone accelerates the onset of Parkinson disease-like pathology and symptoms. METHODS A presymptomatic Parkinson rat model (the protein, DJ-1, encoded by the Park7 gene [DJ-1], PARK7 knockout) was exposed to a surgical plane of isoflurane or 20% oxygen balanced with nitrogen for 2 hours on 3 occasions between 6 and 7 months of age. Acute and long-term motor and neuropathological effects were examined from 7 to 12 months of age in male DJ-1 rats, using the ladder rung, rotarod, and novel object recognition assays, as well as the immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1) microglial activation in the substantia nigra and hippocampus. RESULTS In the acute group, after the third anesthetic exposure at 7 months of age, the isoflurane group had a significant reduction in the density of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc compared to controls. However, this reduction was not associated with increased microglial activation in the hippocampus or substantia nigra. With the ladder rung motor skills test, there was no effect of anesthetic exposure on the total number of foot faults or the ladder rung pattern in the acute group. The rotarod test also detected no differences before and after the third exposure in controls. For the long-term group, immunohistochemical analyses detected no differences in the density of dopaminergic neurons or microglial cells compared to unexposed DJ-1 rats from 8 to 12 months of age. The ladder rung test in the long-term group showed no differences in the total number of foot faults with time and exposure or between ladder rung patterns. The rotarod test detected no significant effect of exposure with time or between groups at any time point. The novel object recognition task in the long-term group revealed no differences in short- or long-term memory or in the number of rearings as a function of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Multiple isoflurane exposures in this rat model of Parkinson disease transiently enhanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the SNpc that resolved over time and had no effects on progression in this Parkinson disease-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Xu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wang M, Wan C, He T, Han C, Zhu K, Waddington JL, Zhen X. Sigma-1 receptor regulates mitophagy in dopaminergic neurons and contributes to dopaminergic protection. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108360. [PMID: 33122030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal survival and function, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathological development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial quality control is known to contribute to the survival of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, with mitophagy being a key regulator of the quality control system. In this study, we show that mitophagy is impaired in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. Treatment with the sigma-1 receptor (Sig 1R) agonist 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate (PRE-084) reduced loss of DA neurons, restored motor ability and MPTP-induced damage to mitophagy activity in the SNc of PD-like mice. Additionally, knockdown of Sig 1R in SH-SY5Y DA cells inhibited mitophagy and enhanced 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) neurotoxicity, whereas application of the Sig 1R selective agonist SKF10047 promoted clearance of damaged mitochondria. Moreover, knockdown of Sig 1R in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in decreased levels of p-ULK1 (Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1) (Ser555), p-TBK1 (TANK Binding Kinase 1) (Ser172), p-ubiquitin (Ub) (Ser65), Parkin recruitment, and stabilization of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) in mitochondria. The present data provide the first evidence for potential roles of PINK1/Parkin in Sig 1R-modulated mitophagy in DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kailian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, M. F. NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Noscapine Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Autophagy Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:4627. [PMID: 34361780 PMCID: PMC8348109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the resultant loss of dopamine in the striatum. Various studies have shown that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plays a major role in PD progression. In addition, the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays an important role in the degradation of aggregated proteins, abnormal cytoplasmic organelles and proteins for intracellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of ALP results in the accumulation of α-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, modulating ALP is becoming an appealing therapeutic intervention. In our current study, we wanted to evaluate the neuroprotective potency of noscapine in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Rats were administered rotenone injections (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.,) daily followed by noscapine (10 mg/kg, i.p.,) for four weeks. Noscapine, an iso-qinulinin alkaloid found naturally in the Papaveraceae family, has traditionally been used in the treatment of cancer, stroke and fibrosis. However, the neuroprotective potency of noscapine has not been analyzed. Our study showed that administration of noscapine decreased the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. In addition, noscapine prevented rotenone-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes. These neuroprotective mechanisms resulted in a decrease in dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Further, noscapine administration enhanced the mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as inhibited apoptosis. In addition to these mechanisms, noscapine prevented a rotenone-mediated increase in lysosomal degradation, resulting in a decrease in α-synuclein aggregation. However, further studies are needed to further develop noscapine as a potential therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran M. F.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
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Izco M, Vettorazzi A, Forcen R, Blesa J, de Toro M, Alvarez-Herrera N, Cooper JM, Gonzalez-Peñas E, Lopez de Cerain A, Alvarez-Erviti L. Oral subchronic exposure to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A induces key pathological features of Parkinson's disease in mice six months after the end of the treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112164. [PMID: 33819549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies with different levels of evidence have pointed to a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) after exposure to environmental toxicants. A practically unexplored potential etiological factor is a group of naturally-occurring fungal secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) has been reported to be neurotoxic in mice. To further identify if OTA exposure could have a role in PD pathology, Balb/c mice were orally treated with OTA (0.21, 0.5 mg/kg bw) four weeks and left for six months under normal diet. Effects of OTA on the onset, progression of alpha-synuclein pathology and development of motor deficits were evaluated. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses showed that oral subchronic OTA treatment induced loss of striatal dopaminergic innervation and dopaminergic cell dysfunction responsible for motor impairments. Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein levels were increased in gut and brain. LAMP-2A protein was decreased in tissues showing alpha-synuclein pathology. Cell cultures exposed to OTA exhibited decreased LAMP-2A protein, impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy and decreased alpha-synuclein turnover which was linked to miRNAs deregulation, all reminiscent of PD. These results support the hypothesis that oral exposure to low OTA doses in mice can lead to biochemical and pathological changes reported in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Izco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Raquel Forcen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Av. Carlos V, 70, 28938, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
| | - Natalia Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - J Mark Cooper
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Gower Street, London, UK.
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Adela Lopez de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, MITOX Research Group, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, 31008, Spain.
| | - Lydia Alvarez-Erviti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 3rd Floor, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Liu X, Liu S, Tang Y, Pu Z, Xiao H, Gao J, Yin Q, Jia Y, Bai Q. Intragastric Administration of Casein Leads to Nigrostriatal Disease Progressed Accompanied with Persistent Nigrostriatal-Intestinal Inflammation Activited and Intestinal Microbiota-Metabolic Disorders Induced in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1514-1539. [PMID: 33719004 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of gut microbiota composition in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been increasingly reported, no recognized therapies are available to halt or slow progression of PD and more evidence is still needed to illustrate its causative impact on gut microbiota and PD and mechanisms for targeted mitigation. Epidemiological evidence supported an association between milk intake and a higher incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), questions have been raised about prospective associations between dietary factors and the incidence of PD. Here, we investigated the significance of casein in the development of PD. The mice were given casein (6.75 g/kg i.g.) for 21 days after MPTP (25 mg/kg i.p. × 5 days) treatment, the motor function, dopaminergic neurons, inflammation, gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were observed. The experimental results revealed that the mice with casein gavage after MPTP treatment showed a persisted dyskinesia, the content of dopamine in striatum and the expression of TH in midbrain and ileum were decreased, the expression of Iba-1, CD4, IL-22 in midbrain and ileum increased continuously with persisted intestinal histopathology and intestinal barrier injury. Decreased intestinal bile secretion in addition with abnormal digestion and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids and proteins were found, whereas these pathological status for the MPTP mice without casein intake had recovered after 24 days, no significant differences were observed with regard to only treated with casein. Our study demonstrates that intestinal pathologic injury, intestinal dysbacteriosis and metabolism changes promoted by casein in MPTP mice ultimately exacerbated the lesions to dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400039, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjia Pu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, 1Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
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Nakajima S, Saeki N, Tamano H, Nishio R, Katahira M, Takeuchi A, Takeda A. Age-related vulnerability to nigral dopaminergic degeneration in rats via Zn 2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptor activation. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:69-76. [PMID: 33400970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the evidence that extracellular Zn2+ influx induced with AMPA causes Parkinson's syndrome in rats that apomorphine-induced movement disorder emerges, here we used a low dose of AMPA, which does not increase intracellular Zn2+ level in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of young adult rats, and tested whether intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation induced with AMPA is accelerated in the SNpc of aged rats, resulting in age-related vulnerability to Parkinson's syndrome. When AMPA (1 mM) was injected at the rate of 0.05 μl/min for 20 min into the SNpc, intracellular Zn2+ level was increased in the SNpc of aged rats followed by increase in turning behavior in response to apomorphine and nigral dopaminergic degeneration. In contrast, young adult rats do not show movement disorder and nigral dopaminergic degeneration, in addition to no increase in intracellular Zn2+. In aged rats, movement disorder and nigral dopaminergic degeneration were rescued by co-injection of either extracellular (CaEDTA) or intracellular (ZnAF-2DA) Zn2+ chelators. 1-Naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a selective blocker of Ca2+- and Zn2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors blocked increase in intracellular Zn2+ in the SNpc of aged rats followed by rescuing nigral dopaminergic degeneration. The present study indicates that intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation is accelerated by Ca2+- and Zn2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptor activation in the SNpc of aged rats, resulting in age-related vulnerability to Parkinson's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Nakajima
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nana Saeki
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nishio
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Misa Katahira
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Azusa Takeuchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Vecchia DD, Kanazawa LKS, Wendler E, Hocayen PDAS, Vital MABF, Takahashi RN, Da Cunha C, Miyoshi E, Andreatini R. Ketamine reversed short-term memory impairment and depressive-like behavior in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2021; 168:63-73. [PMID: 33359641 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most common features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are motor impairments, but many patients also present depression and memory impairment. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been shown to be effective in patients with treatment-resistant major depression. Thus, the present study evaluated the action of ketamine on memory impairment and depressive-like behavior in an animal model of PD. Male Wistar rats received a bilateral infusion of 6 μg/side 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Short-term memory was evaluated by the social recognition test, and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference and forced swimming tests (FST). Drug treatments included vehicle (i.p., once a week); ketamine (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, i.p., once a week); and imipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p., daily). The treatments were administered 21 days after the SNc lesion and lasted for 28 days. The SNc lesion impaired short-term social memory, and all ketamine doses reversed the memory impairment and anhedonia (reduction of sucrose preference) induced by 6-OHDA. In the FST, 6-OHDA increased immobility, and all doses of ketamine and imipramine reversed this effect. The anti-immobility effect of ketamine was associated with an increase in swimming but not in climbing, suggesting a serotonergic effect. Ketamine and imipramine did not reverse the 6-OHDA-induced reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in the SNc. In conclusion, ketamine reversed depressive-like behaviors and short-term memory impairment in rats with SNc bilateral lesions, indicating a promising profile for its use in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dalla Vecchia
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Uniandrade, Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade, Santa Quiteria, 80310-310, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Kae Sales Kanazawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Etiéli Wendler
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Uniandrade, Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade, Santa Quiteria, 80310-310, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Palloma de Almeida Soares Hocayen
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Barbato Frazão Vital
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Naoto Takahashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudio Da Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edmar Miyoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Galaj E, Xi ZX. Progress in opioid reward research: From a canonical two-neuron hypothesis to two neural circuits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173072. [PMID: 33227308 PMCID: PMC7796909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the national opioid crisis in the USA. The neural mechanisms underlying opioid abuse and addiction are still not fully understood. This review discusses recent progress in basic research dissecting receptor mechanisms and circuitries underlying opioid reward and addiction. We first review the canonical GABA-dopamine neuron hypothesis that was upheld for half a century, followed by major findings challenging this hypothesis. We then focus on recent progress in research evaluating the role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine circuitries in opioid reward and relapse. Based on recent findings that activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is equally rewarding and that GABA neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and the substantia nigra pars reticula (SNr) are rich in mu opioid receptors and directly synapse onto midbrain DA neurons, we proposed that the RTMg→VTA → ventrostriatal and SNr → SNc → dorsostriatal pathways may act as the two major neural substrates underlying opioid reward and abuse. Lastly, we discuss possible integrations of these two pathways during initial opioid use, development of opioid abuse and maintenance of compulsive opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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10
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Haddadi R, Eyvari-Brooshghalan S, Nayebi AM, Sabahi M, Ahmadi SA. Neuronal degeneration and oxidative stress in the SNc of 6-OHDA intoxicated rats; improving role of silymarin long-term treatment. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2427-2437. [PMID: 32715318 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Progressive loss in dopaminergic neurons (DA) of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) leads to Parkinson's disease with a hypothesis of oxidative stress generation. The present study was conducted to determine the long-term efficacy of silymarin (SM) post-treatment on 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in the SNc of male rats. Male Wistar rats were received 6-OHDA (8 μg/rat) into SNc. After 3 weeks, as recovery period, the animals were treated with i.p. injection of SM at different doses of 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg for 15 days. At the end of the treatment, motor function, neuronal cell count, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities were evaluated in the ventral midbrain tissue. The 6-OHDA significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) motor function, antioxidant enzyme activity, GSH level, and GSH/GSSG ratio and caused an augmentation in GSSG and lipid peroxidation level. The 6-OHDA also reduced the population of neurons and TH expression. The SM repaired the 6-OHDA-induced motor impairment, antioxidant enzyme suppression, and TH down-regulation. All three doses of SM could restore the MDA level to the normal range in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and could reversed the effect of 6-OHDA on GSH, GSSG level, and GSH/GSSG ratio. The SM treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased (p ≤ 0.001) the total number of surviving neurons in the SNc. Silymarin chronic treatment restored the brain's antioxidant capacity and salvaged neurons from oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. The SM could also improve motor function in parkinsonian animals by increasing TH expression. These results recommend that application of SM over initial clinical stages may depict a hopeful approach versus PD. However, more research is needed to confirm this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Herbal Medicine and Natural Product Research Center,, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shahid Fahmide St, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shahla Eyvari-Brooshghalan
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohajjel Nayebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Ami Ahmadi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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11
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Flores-Soto ME, Corona-Angeles JA, Tejeda-Martinez AR, Flores-Guzman PA, Luna-Mujica I, Chaparro-Huerta V, Viveros-Paredes JM. β-Caryophyllene exerts protective antioxidant effects through the activation of NQO1 in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135534. [PMID: 33271195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a phytocannabinoid with several pharmacological properties, producing anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive effects. In addition, BCP protects dopaminergic neurons from neuronal death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), yet it remains unclear if this effect is due to its antioxidant activity. To assess whether this is the case, the effect of BCP on the expression and activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) was evaluated in mice after the administration of MPTP. Male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into four groups, the first of which received saline solution i.p. in equivalent volume and served as a control group. The second group received MPTP. The second group received MPTP hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for seven consecutive days. The third group received BCP (10 mg/kg) for seven days, administered orally and finally, the fourth group received MPTP as described above and BCP for 7 days from the fourth day of MPTP administration. The results showed that BCP inhibits oxidative stress-induced cell death of dopaminergic neurons exposed to MPTP at the same time as it enhances the expression and enzymatic activity of NQO1. Also, the BCP treatment ameliorated motor dysfunction and protected the dopaminergic cells of the SNpc from damage induced by MPTP. Hence, BCP appears to achieve at least some of its antioxidant effects by augmenting NQO1 activity, which protects cells from MPTP toxicity. Accordingly, this phytocannabinoid may represent a promising pharmacological option to safeguard dopaminergic neurons and prevent the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J A Corona-Angeles
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A R Tejeda-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - P A Flores-Guzman
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - I Luna-Mujica
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - V Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J M Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, 44430, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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12
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Singh S, Mishra A, Mohanbhai SJ, Tiwari V, Chaturvedi RK, Khurana S, Shukla S. Axin-2 knockdown promote mitochondrial biogenesis and dopaminergic neurogenesis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:73-87. [PMID: 30176346 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnts and the components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are widely expressed in midbrain and required to control the fate specification of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, a neuronal population that specifically degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in pathogenesis of PD. Axin-2, a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects mitochondrial biogenesis and death/birth of new DAergic neurons is not fully explored. We investigated the functional role of Axin-2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mitochondrial biogenesis and DAergic neurogenesis in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We demonstrate that single unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) potentially dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We used shRNA lentiviruses to genetically knockdown Axin-2 to up-regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Genetic knockdown of Axin-2 up-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by destabilizing the β-catenin degradation complex in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling improved behavioural functions and protected the nigral DAergic neurons by increasing mitochondrial functionality in parkinsonian rats. Axin-2 shRNA treatment reduced apoptotic signaling, autophagy and ROS generation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Interestingly, Axin-2 shRNA-mediated up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced net DAergic neurogenesis by regulating proneural genes (Nurr-1, Pitx-3, Ngn-2, and NeuroD1) and mitochondrial biogenesis in SNpc in parkinsonian rats. Therefore, our data suggest that pharmacological/genetic manipulation of Wnt signaling that enhances the endogenous regenerative capacity of DAergic neurons may have implication for regenerative approaches in PD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/drug effects
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/metabolism
- Medial Forebrain Bundle/pathology
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Mesencephalon/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/pathology
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Oxidopamine/administration & dosage
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/genetics
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Pars Compacta/drug effects
- Pars Compacta/metabolism
- Pars Compacta/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stereotaxic Techniques
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Virendra Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Shubha Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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13
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Yang SR, Hu ZZ, Luo YJ, Zhao YN, Sun HX, Yin D, Wang CY, Yan YD, Wang DR, Yuan XS, Ye CB, Guo W, Qu WM, Cherasse Y, Lazarus M, Ding YQ, Huang ZL. The rostromedial tegmental nucleus is essential for non-rapid eye movement sleep. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002909. [PMID: 29652889 PMCID: PMC5919677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), also called the GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area, projects to the midbrain dopaminergic system, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and other regions. Whether the RMTg is involved in sleep-wake regulation is unknown. In the present study, pharmacogenetic activation of rat RMTg neurons promoted non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with increased slow-wave activity (SWA). Conversely, rats after neurotoxic lesions of 8 or 16 days showed decreased NREM sleep with reduced SWA at lights on. The reduced SWA persisted at least 25 days after lesions. Similarly, pharmacological and pharmacogenetic inactivation of rat RMTg neurons decreased NREM sleep. Electrophysiological experiments combined with optogenetics showed a direct inhibitory connection between the terminals of RMTg neurons and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. The bidirectional effects of the RMTg on the sleep-wake cycle were mimicked by the modulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA)/substantia nigra compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neuronal activity using a pharmacogenetic approach. Furthermore, during the 2-hour recovery period following 6-hour sleep deprivation, the amount of NREM sleep in both the lesion and control rats was significantly increased compared with baseline levels; however, only the control rats showed a significant increase in SWA compared with baseline levels. Collectively, our findings reveal an essential role of the RMTg in the promotion of NREM sleep and homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Rong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Xin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dou Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Ru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Bo Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoan Cherasse
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Anselmi L, Toti L, Bove C, Hampton J, Travagli RA. A Nigro-Vagal Pathway Controls Gastric Motility and Is Affected in a Rat Model of Parkinsonism. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1581-1593. [PMID: 28912019 PMCID: PMC5705565 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In most patients with Parkinson's disease, gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions, such as gastroparesis and constipation, are prodromal to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease. Sporadic Parkinson's disease has been proposed to develop after ingestion of neurotoxicants that affect the brain-gut axis via the vagus nerve, and then travel to higher centers, compromising the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and, later, the cerebral cortex. We aimed to identify the pathway that connects the brainstem vagal nuclei and the SNpc, and to determine whether this pathway is compromised in a rat model of Parkinsonism. METHODS To study this neural pathway in rats, we placed tracers in the dorsal vagal complex or SNpc; brainstem and midbrain were examined for tracer distribution and neuronal neurochemical phenotype. Rats were given injections of paraquat once weekly for 3 weeks to induce features of Parkinsonism, or vehicle (control). Gastric tone and motility were recorded after N-methyl-d-aspartate microinjection in the SNpc and/or optogenetic stimulation of nigro-vagal terminals in the dorsal vagal complex. RESULTS Stimulation of the SNpc increased gastric tone and motility via activation of dopamine 1 receptors in the dorsal vagal complex. In the paraquat-induced model of Parkinsonism, this nigro-vagal pathway was compromised during the early stages of motor deficit development. CONCLUSIONS We identified and characterized a nigro-vagal monosynaptic pathway in rats that controls gastric tone and motility. This pathway might be involved in the prodromal gastric dysmotility observed in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Anselmi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Luca Toti
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecilia Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Hampton
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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15
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Morales-Garcia JA, Gine E, Hernandez-Encinas E, Aguilar-Morante D, Sierra-Magro A, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Alonso-Gil S, Sanchez-Lanzas R, Castaño JG, Santos A, Perez-Castillo A. CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β silencing mitigates glial activation and neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13526. [PMID: 29051532 PMCID: PMC5648790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor involved in numerous physiological as well as pathological conditions in the brain. However, little is known regarding its possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously shown that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury. Here, we have analyzed the effects of C/EBPβ interference in dopaminergic cell death and glial activation in the 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Our results showed that lentivirus-mediated C/EBPβ deprivation conferred marked in vitro and in vivo neuroprotection of dopaminergic cells concomitant with a significant attenuation of the level of the inflammatory response and glial activation. Additionally, C/EBPβ interference diminished the induction of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta of animals injected with 6-hydroxydopamine. Taking together, these results reveal an essential function for C/EBPβ in the pathways leading to inflammatory-mediated brain damage and suggest novel roles for C/EBPβ in neurodegenerative diseases, specifically in Parkinson's disease, opening the door for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Gine
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Hernandez-Encinas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sierra-Magro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Sanchez-Lanzas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose G Castaño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Abbaoui A, Chatoui H, El Hiba O, Gamrani H. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin-I in copper-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in rats: A possible link with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:103-108. [PMID: 28919537 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous findings indicate an involvement of heavy metals in the neuropathology of several neurodegenerative disorders, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Copper (Cu) exhibits a potent neurotoxic effect on dopaminergic neurons and triggers profound neurobehavioral alterations. Curcumin is a major component of Curcuma longa rhizomes and a powerful medicinal plant that exerts many pharmacological effects. However, the neuroprotective action of curcumin on Cu-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity is yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of acute Cu-intoxication (10mg/kg B.W. i.p) for 3days on the dopaminergic system and locomotor performance as well as the possible therapeutic efficacy of curcumin I (30mg/kg B.W.). Intoxicated rats showed a significant loss of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) expression within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the striatal outputs. This was correlated with a clear decrease in locomotor performance. Critically, curcumin-I co-treatment reversed these changes and showed a noticeable protective effect; both TH expression and locomotor performance was reinstated in intoxicated rats. These results demonstrate altered dopaminergic innervations following Cu intoxication and a new therapeutic potential of curcumin against Cu-induced dopaminergic neurotransmission failure. Curcumin may therefore prevent heavy metal related Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hicham Chatoui
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Omar El Hiba
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco; Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Morocco
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Cadi Ayyad University, faculty of sciences Semlalia, Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment Unit, Marrakesh, Morocco.
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17
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Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI, Kolomin TA, Stavrovskaya AV, Filatova EV, Andreeva LA, Illarioshkin SN, Myasoedov NF. Peptides semax and selank affect the behavior of rats with 6-OHDA induced PD-like parkinsonism. Dokl Biol Sci 2017; 474:106-109. [PMID: 28702721 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496617030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common severe neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the synthetic regulatory peptides Semax (analog of an ACTH 4-10 fragment (ACTH4-10)) and Selank (analog of immunomodulatory taftsin) on behavior of rats with 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) induced PD-like parkinsonism. It was showed that both peptides did not affect motor activity of rats in elevated cross shaped maze and passive defensive behavior of the animals. At the same time, Selank decreased level of anxiety of rats with toxic damage of DA neurons in elevated cross shaped maze. Previously such effects of Selank were revealed in healthy rodents (rats and mice) with different models of psycho-emotional stress. Therefore, toxic damage of substantia nigra does not affect the response of the rat organism on this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M I Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Kolomin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E V Filatova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - L A Andreeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Konieczny J, Czarnecka A, Lenda T, Kamińska K, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L. The significance of rotational behavior and sensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors in hemiparkinsonian rats: A comparative study of lactacystin and 6-OHDA. Neuroscience 2016; 340:308-318. [PMID: 27826109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) system in the substantia nigra (SN) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of our study was to compare two unilateral rat models, one produced by intranigral administration of the UPS inhibitor lactacystin or the other induced by 6-OHDA, in terms of their effect on the amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, striatal dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptor sensitivity and tissue levels of DA and its metabolites. We found that these models did not differ in the intensity of ipsilateral rotations induced by amphetamine. In contrast, apomorphine produced contralateral rotations only in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, and, depending on the dose, it induced either no or moderate ipsilateral rotations in the lactacystin-lesioned group. In addition, lactacystin induced a strong reduction in the tissue DA level and its metabolites in the lesioned striatum and SN when measured three weeks after the administration which was aggravated six weeks post-lesion, reaching the level comparable to the 6-OHDA group. Binding of [3H]raclopride to D2 receptors was increased in the lesioned striatum in both investigated (PD) models six weeks after lesion. In turn, binding of [3H]SCH23390 to the striatal D1 receptors was not changed in the lactacystin group but was increased bilaterally in the 6-OHDA group. The present results add a new value to the study of DA receptor sensitivity and are discussed in the context of the validity of the lactacystin model as a suitable model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Konieczny
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Anna Czarnecka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Kinga Kamińska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurochemistry, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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19
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Rose O. Parkinson’s Disease: Basic knowledge. Med Monatsschr Pharm 2016; 39:277-281. [PMID: 29953178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy in Parkinson’s disease is complex and requires expertise in all health-care professions. Besides idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) secondary parkinsonism, monogenetic Parkinson’s disease and atypical syndromes need to be differentiated. The prevalence in the European population is estimated to be approximately 1 %. Lifestyle and age are closely linked to IPD. Neurodegeneration with formation of Lewy-bodies and increased oxidative stress in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra are closely linked to IPD. Lewy-bodies show misfolded α-Synuclein. The balance of glutamate, GABA and dopamine is essential for motor complications. Bradykinesia/akinesia, rigidity, rest tremor and postural instability are typical symptoms along with dissymmetry, shuffling gait and camptocormia, micrographia, aphasia, hypophonia, dysphagia, and hypomimia. Early symptoms are akathisia/restlessness, insomnia, somnolence, hyposmia and neck pain. With further progression of IPD, neurons of the ventral tegmental area are affected and lead to non-motor symptoms, which hence are directly related to the underlying disease. Gastric dysmotility, depression, urinary incontinence, excessive sweating, hallucinations, spasticity, muscle pain and Parkinson’s disease dementia are part of IPD.
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20
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Xiong N, Li N, Martin E, Yu J, Li J, Liu J, Lee DYW, Isacson O, Vance J, Qing H, Wang T, Lin Z. hVMAT2: A Target of Individualized Medication for Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:623-34. [PMID: 27137201 PMCID: PMC4965405 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is responsible for sequestering cytosolically toxic dopamine into intracellular secretory vesicles. Animal genetic studies have suggested that reduced VMAT2 activity contributes to the genetic etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), but this role has not been established in humans. Based on human genetic association and meta-analysis, we first confirm the human VMAT2 (hVMAT2 or SLC18A2) promoter as a risk factor for PD in both family and unrelated US white people: marker rs363324 at -11.5 kb in the hVMAT2 promoter is reproducibly associated with PD in a cohort of nuclear families (p = 0.04506 in early-onset PD) and 3 unrelated US white people (meta-analysis p = 0.01879). In SH-SY5Y cells, low activity-associated hVMAT2 promoter confers high methylpiperidinopyrazole iodide cytotoxicity, which is likely attributed to functional polymorphisms bound by nuclear proteins. Interestingly, treatments with the dopamine neuron-protecting agent puerarin upregulates the promoter activity in a haplotype- and cell line-dependent manner. These pharmacogenetic findings suggest that hVMAT2 could be a risk factor and imply it as a target of genetic medications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Nuomin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eden Martin
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Bio-Organic and Nutritional Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Bio-Organic and Nutritional Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jeffery Vance
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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21
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Rai SN, Yadav SK, Singh D, Singh SP. Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and improves neurobehavioral activity in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 71:41-9. [PMID: 26686287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of brain. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays important role in the neurodegeneration and development of PD. Ursolic Acid (UA: 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in various medicinal plants. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity is a well-established fact. In this paper, the neuroprotective efficiency of UA in MPTP induced PD mouse model has been explored. For this purpose, we divided 30 mice into 5 different groups; first was control, second was MPTP-treated, third, fourth and fifth were different doses of UA viz., 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg body weight (wt) respectively, along with MPTP. After 21 days of treatment, different behavioral parameters and biochemical assays were conducted. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining of SN dopaminergic neurons as well as HPLC quantification of dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanilic acid (HVA) were also performed. Our results proved that, UA improves behavioral deficits, restored altered dopamine level and protect dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP intoxicated mouse. Among three different doses, 25 mg/kg body wt was the most effective dose for the PD. This work reveals the potential of UA as a promising drug candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Satyndra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Divakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Touchette JC, Breckenridge JM, Wilken GH, Macarthur H. Direct intranigral injection of dopaminochrome causes degeneration of dopamine neurons. Neurosci Lett 2015; 612:178-184. [PMID: 26704434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of nigrastriatal dopaminergic neurons leading to clinical motor dysfunctions. Many animal models of PD have been developed using exogenous neurotoxins and pesticides. Evidence strongly indicates that the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are highly susceptible to neurodegeneration due to a number of factors including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidation of DA to a potential endogenous neurotoxin, dopaminochrome (DAC), may be a potential contributor to the vulnerability of the nigrostriatal tract to oxidative insult. In this study, we show that DAC causes slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in contrast to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), which induces rapid lesions of the region. The DAC model may be more reflective of early stresses that initiate the progressive neurodegenerative process of PD, and may prove a useful model for future neurodegenerative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillienne C Touchette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Julie M Breckenridge
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Gerald H Wilken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Heather Macarthur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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23
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Stayte S, Rentsch P, Li KM, Vissel B. Activin A protects midbrain neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124325. [PMID: 25902062 PMCID: PMC4406584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and a subsequent loss of dopamine (DA) within the striatum. Despite advances in the development of pharmacological therapies that are effective at alleviating the symptoms of PD, the search for therapeutic treatments that halt or slow the underlying nigral degeneration remains a particular challenge. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, has been shown to play a role in the neuroprotection of midbrain neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in vitro, suggesting that activin A may offer similar neuroprotective effects in in vivo models of PD. Using robust stereological methods, we found that intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA results in a significant loss of both TH positive and NeuN positive populations in the SNpc at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-lesioning in drug naïve mice. Exogenous application of activin A for 7 days, beginning the day prior to 6-OHDA administration, resulted in a significant survival of both dopaminergic and total neuron numbers in the SNpc against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. However, we found no corresponding protection of striatal DA or dopamine transporter (DAT) expression levels in animals receiving activin A compared to vehicle controls. These results provide the first evidence that activin A exerts potent neuroprotection in a mouse model of PD, however this neuroprotection may be localized to the midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Stayte
- Neuroscience Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peggy Rentsch
- Neuroscience Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kong M. Li
- Pharmacology Department, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Neuroscience Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Smith GA, Rocha EM, Rooney T, Barneoud P, McLean JR, Beagan J, Osborn T, Coimbra M, Luo Y, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. A Nurr1 agonist causes neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease lesion model primed with the toll-like receptor 3 dsRNA inflammatory stimulant poly(I:C). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121072. [PMID: 25815475 PMCID: PMC4376720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are characterized by the expression of genes required for dopamine synthesis, handling and reuptake and the expression of these genes is largely controlled by nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1). Nurr1 is also expressed in astrocytes and microglia where it functions to mitigate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic factors. Given that Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis has been linked to both loss of Nurr1 expression in the SNpc and inflammation, increasing levels of Nurr1 maybe a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study a novel Nurr1 agonist, SA00025, was tested for both its efficiency to induce the transcription of dopaminergic target genes in vivo and prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration in an inflammation exacerbated 6-OHDA-lesion model of PD. SA00025 (30mg/kg p.o.) entered the brain and modulated the expression of the dopaminergic phenotype genes TH, VMAT, DAT, AADC and the GDNF receptor gene c-Ret in the SN of naive rats. Daily gavage treatment with SA00025 (30mg/kg) for 32 days also induced partial neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons and fibers in rats administered a priming injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C) and subsequent injection of 6-OHDA. The neuroprotective effects of SA00025 in this dopamine neuron degeneration model were associated with changes in microglial morphology indicative of a resting state and a decrease in microglial specific IBA-1 staining intensity in the SNpc. Astrocyte specific GFAP staining intensity and IL-6 levels were also reduced. We conclude that Nurr1 agonist treatment causes neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in an inflammation exacerbated 6-OHDA lesion model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A. Smith
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Rocha
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Rooney
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Pascal Barneoud
- Sanofi, Neurodegeneration and Pain Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Jesse R. McLean
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Beagan
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Teresia Osborn
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Coimbra
- Sanofi, Disposition, Safety & Animal Research, Department 1, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Yongyi Luo
- Sanofi-Genzyme, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Penelope J. Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OI); (PJH)
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OI); (PJH)
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25
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Jeong KH, Nam JH, Jin BK, Kim SR. Activation of CNTF/CNTFRα signaling pathway by hRheb(S16H) transduction of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121803. [PMID: 25799580 PMCID: PMC4370699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is one of representative neurotrophic factors for the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Its effects are primarily mediated via CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα). It is still unclear whether the levels of CNTFRα change in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, but CNTF expression shows the remarkable decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), suggesting that the support of CNTF/CNTFRα signaling pathway may be a useful neuroprotective strategy for the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection in the adult brain. Here, we report that transduction of rat SNpc dopaminergic neurons by adeno-associated virus with a gene encoding human ras homolog enriched in brain (hRheb), with an S16H mutation [hRheb(S16H)], significantly upregulated the levels of both CNTF and CNTFRα in dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, the hRheb(S16H)-activated CNTF/CNTFRα signaling pathway was protective against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. These results suggest that activation of CNTF/CNTFRα signaling pathway by specific gene delivery such as hRheb(S16H) may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail: (SRK)
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26
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Bassani TB, Gradowski RW, Zaminelli T, Barbiero JK, Santiago RM, Boschen SL, da Cunha C, Lima MMS, Andreatini R, Vital MABF. Neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of melatonin in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1593:95-105. [PMID: 25301688 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson׳s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Systemic and intranigral exposure to rotenone in rodents reproduces many of the pathological and behavioral features of PD in humans and thus has been used as an animal model of the disease. Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, which has several important physiological functions. It has been reported to be neuroprotective in some animal models of PD. The present study investigated the effects of prolonged melatonin treatment in rats previously exposed to rotenone. The animals were intraperitoneally treated for 10 days with rotenone (2.5mg/kg) or its vehicle. 24h later, they were intraperitoneally treated with melatonin (10mg/kg) or its vehicle for 28 days. One day after the last rotenone exposure, the animals exhibited hypolocomotion in the open field test, which spontaneously reversed at the last motor evaluation. We verified that prolonged melatonin treatment after dopaminergic lesion did not alter motor function but produced antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test, prevented the rotenone-induced reduction of striatal dopamine, and partially prevented tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity loss in the SNpc. Our results indicate that melatonin exerts neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in the rotenone model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysa B Bassani
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Zaminelli
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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