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Chen BY, Pathak JL, Lin HY, Guo WQ, Chen WJ, Luo G, Wang LJ, Sun XF, Ding Y, Li J, Diekwisch TGH, Liu C. Inflammation Triggers Chondrocyte Ferroptosis in TMJOA via HIF-1α/TFRC. J Dent Res 2024:220345241242389. [PMID: 38766865 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241242389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and loss of articular cartilage are considered the major cause of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), a painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To determine the cause of TMJ osteoarthritis in these patients, synovial fluid of TMJOA patients was compared prior to and after hyaluronic lavage, revealing substantially elevated levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), and an overload of Fe3+ and Fe2+ prior to lavage, indicative of ferroptosis as a mode of chondrocyte cell death. To ask whether prolonged inflammatory conditions resulted in ferroptosis-like transformation in vitro, we subjected TMJ chondrocytes to IL-1β treatment, resulting in a shift in messenger RNA sequencing gene ontologies related to iron homeostasis and oxidative stress-related cell death. Exposure to rat unilateral anterior crossbite conditions resulted in reduced COL2A1 expression, fewer chondrocytes, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) downregulation, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) upregulation, an effect that was reversed after intra-articular injections of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin 1 (Fer-1). Our study demonstrated that ferroptosis conditions affected mitochondrial structure and function, while the inhibitor Fer-1 restored mitochondrial structure and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) or the transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) rescued IL-1β-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibition of HIF-1α downregulated IL-1β-induced TFRC expression, while inhibition of TFRC did not downregulate IL-1β-induced HIF-1α expression in chondrocytes. Moreover, inhibition of HIF-1α or TFRC downregulated the IL-1β-induced MMP13 expression in chondrocytes, while inhibition of HIF-1α or TFRC rescued IL-1β-inhibited COL2A1 expression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, upregulation of TFRC promoted Fe2+ entry into chondrocytes, inducing the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation, which in turn caused ferroptosis, a disruption in chondrocyte functions, and an exacerbation of condylar cartilage degeneration. Together, these findings illustrate the far-reaching effects of chondrocyte ferroptosis in TMJOA as a mechanism causing chondrocyte death through iron overload, oxidative stress, and articular cartilage degeneration and a potential major cause of TMJOA.
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Luo G, Pan SL. [Progress in fetal cardiac intervention for hypoplastic right heart syndrome]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2024; 62:583-586. [PMID: 38763885 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20231211-00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
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Yang J, Xiao L, Zhang L, Luo G, Ma Y, Wang X, Zhang Y. Platelets: A Potential Factor that Offers Strategies for Promoting Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38482796 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bone defects represent a prevalent category of clinical injuries, causing significant pain and escalating health care burdens. Effectively addressing bone defects is thus of paramount importance. Platelets, formed from megakaryocyte lysis, have emerged as pivotal players in bone tissue repair, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. Their intracellular storage of various growth factors, cytokines, and membrane protein receptors contributes to these crucial functions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of platelets' roles in hematoma structure, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis throughout the process of fracture healing. Beyond their application in conjunction with artificial bone substitute materials for treating bone defects, we propose the potential future use of anticoagulants such as heparin in combination with these materials to regulate platelet number and function, thereby promoting bone healing. Ultimately, we contemplate whether manipulating platelet function to modulate bone healing could offer innovative ideas and directions for the clinical treatment of bone defects.
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Luo P, Zhang Y, Huang M, Luo G, Ma Y, Wang X. Microdroplets Encapsulated with NFATc1-siRNA and Exosomes-Derived from MSCs Onto 3D Porous PLA Scaffold for Regulating Osteoclastogenesis and Promoting Osteogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3423-3440. [PMID: 38617800 PMCID: PMC11015852 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporotic-related fractures remains a significant public health concern, thus imposing substantial burdens on our society. Excessive activation of osteoclastic activity is one of the main contributing factors for osteoporosis-related fractures. While polylactic acid (PLA) is frequently employed as a biodegradable scaffold in tissue engineering, it lacks sufficient biological activity. Microdroplets (MDs) have been explored as an ultrasound-responsive drug delivery method, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have shown therapeutic effects in diverse preclinical investigations. Thus, this study aimed to develop a novel bioactive hybrid PLA scaffold by integrating MDs-NFATc1-silencing siRNA to target osteoclast formation and MSCs-exosomes (MSC-Exo) to influence osteogenic differentiation (MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo). Methods Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) were used for exosome isolation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for exosome and MDs morphological characterization, respectively. The MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffold was fabricated through poly(dopamine) and fibrin gel coating. Biocompatibility was assessed using RAW 264.7 macrophages and hBMSCs. Osteoclast formations were examined via TRAP staining. Osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and cytokine expression modulation were also investigated. Results MSC-Exo exhibited a cup-shaped structure and effective internalization into cells, while MDs displayed a spherical morphology with a well-defined core-shell structure. Following ultrasound stimulation, the internalization study demonstrated efficient delivery of bioactive MDs into recipient cells. Biocompatibility studies indicated no cytotoxicity of MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffolds in RAW 264.7 macrophages and hBMSCs. Both MDs-NFATc1/PLA and MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo treatments significantly reduced osteoclast differentiation and formation. In addition, our results further indicated MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffold significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and modulated cytokine expression. Discussion These findings suggest that the bioactive MDs-NFATc1/PLA-Exo scaffold holds promise as an innovative structure for bone tissue regeneration. By specifically targeting osteoclast formation and promoting osteogenic differentiation, this hybrid scaffold may address key challenges in osteoporosis-related fractures.
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He H, Sui Y, Yu X, Luo G, Xue J, Yang W, Long Y. Potential low toxic alternative for Na-Cl cotransporter inhibition: A diuretic effect and mechanism study of Pyrrosia petiolosa. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:44-52. [PMID: 37422255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, is often associated with serious metabolic side effects. Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching is a traditional Chinese medicine that possesses diuretic properties, without any obvious side effects. AIM To evaluate the diuretic effect of P. petiolosa (Christ) Ching and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS Extracts obtained from different polar components of P. petiolosa (Christ) Ching were analyzed for toxicity in a Kunming mouse model. The diuretic effects of the extracts were compared to that of hydrochlorothiazide in rats. In addition, compound isolation procedures, cell assays of Na-Cl cotransporter inhibition and rat diuretic test of monomeric compounds were conducted to identify the active ingredients in the extract. Subsequently, homology modeling and molecular docking were performed to explain the reason behind the diuretic activity observed. Finally, LC-MS analysis was used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of P. petiolosa (Christ) Ching. RESULTS No toxicity was observed in mice administered P. petiolosa (Christ) Ching extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant diuretic effect. Similar results were obtained during the analysis for Na+ content in rat urine. Further separation of P. petiolosa (Christ) Ching components led to the isolation of methyl chlorogenate, 2',3'-dihydroxy propyl pentadecanoate, and β-carotene. Results from cell assays showed that the Na-Cl cotransporter inhibitory activity of methyl chlorogenate was greater than that of hydrochlorothiazide. This result was again confirmed by the diuresis tests of monomeric compounds in rats. The molecular simulations explain the stronger interactions between the methyl chlorogenate and Na-Cl cotransporter. Of the compounds determined using LC-MS analysis, 185 were identified to be mostly organic acids. CONCLUSIONS P. petiolosa possesses significant diuretic activities without any obvious toxicity, with least two possible mechanisms of action. Further study on this herb is warranted.
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Missirlian M, Firdaouss M, Richou M, Hernandez C, Gargiulo L, Bucalossi J, Brun C, Corre Y, Delmas E, Greuner H, Guillermin B, Gunn J, Hatchressian J, Jalageas R, Li Q, Lipa M, Lozano M, Luo G, Pocheau C, Roche H, Tsitrone E, Vignal N, Wang W, Saille A, Zago B. Manufacturing, testing and installation of the full tungsten actively cooled ITER-like divertor in the WEST tokamak. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Luo G, Liu H, Xie B, Deng Y, Xie P, Zhao X, Sun X. [Therapeutic mechanism of Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ for renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease: a study with network pharmacology, molecular docking and validation in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:924-934. [PMID: 37439164 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ for improving renal function and pathology in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy and analyze its therapeutic mechanism for renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking. METHODS Forty male SD rats were randomized into two groups to receive two-staged 5/6 nephrectomy (n=30) or sham operation (n=10), and 2 weeks after the final operation, serum creatinine level of the rats was measured. The rats with nephrectomy were further randomized into Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ group, losartan group and model group for daily treatment with the corresponding drugs via gavage starting at 1 week after 5/6 nephrectomy. After 16 weeks of treatment, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels of the rats were measured, and HE staining and Western blotting were used to examine the changes in renal pathology and fibrosis-related factors. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking study was performed to explore the therapeutic mechanism Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ against renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease, and Western blotting was used to verify the expressions of the core targets. RESULTS Compared with those in the model group, the rats receiving 5/6 nephrectomy and Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ treatment showed significantly reduced serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, lessened renal pathologies, and improvement of the changes in epithelial mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the main active ingredients of Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ were acacetin, apigenin, eupatilin, quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, and the key targets included STAT3, SRC, CTNNB1, PIK3R1 and AKT1. Molecular docking study revealed that the active ingredients of Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ had good binding activity to the key targets. Western blotting showed that in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy, treatment with Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ obviously restored the protein expression of STAT3, PI3K, and AKT in renal tissue. CONCLUSION Shenbing Decoction Ⅲ can reduce renal injury induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in rats, and its therapeutic effects are mediated possibly by its main pharmacologically active ingredients that alleviate renal fibrosis via modulating multiple targets including STAT3, PIK3R1, and AKT1.
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Zhang ZQ, Luo G, Zhu JJ, Ni HD, Huang B, Yao M. [Analysis of the efficacy and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of posterior root of the spinal nerve in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2023; 103:483-487. [PMID: 36800770 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220519-01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of posterior root of spinal nerve in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Methods: A total of 102 PHN patients (42 males and 60 females) aged (69.7±9.4) years who underwent CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of posterior root of spinal nerve in the Department of Pain Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University from January 2017 to April 2020 were retrospectively included. Patients were followed up, and numerical rating scale (NRS) score, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), satisfaction score and complications before surgery (T0) and at 1 d (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), 9 months (T4) and 12 months (T5) after surgery were recorded. Results: The NRS score of PHN patients at T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 [M(Q1, Q3)] was 6(6, 7), 2(2, 3), 3(2, 4), 3(2, 4), 2(1, 4), 2(1, 4), respectively. Likewise, the PSQI score [M(Q1, Q3)] at aforementioned time points was 14(13, 16), 4(3, 6), 6(4, 8), 5(4, 6), 4(2, 8), 4(2, 9), respectively. Compared with T0, the NRS and PSQI scores at all time points from T1 to T5 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). The overall effective rate of surgery at 1 year postoperatively was 71.6% (73/102) with a satisfaction score of 8(5, 9), and the recurrence rate was 14.7% (15/102) with a recurrence time of (7.5±0.8) months. The main postoperative complication was numbness, with an incidence of 86.0% (88/102), and the degree of numbness gradually decreased with time. Conclusion: CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of posterior root of spinal nerve for PHN has a high effective rate and a low recurrence rate, with high safety profile, and may be a feasible surgical option for the treatment of PHN.
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Wang SB, Pan SL, Luo G, Ji ZX, Liu A, Ren YY. [Efficacy of transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation in neonates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2023; 61:126-130. [PMID: 36720593 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220622-00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). Methods: The clinical data on surgical treatment and follow-up in 16 patients with PA-IVS who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation in Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University from October 2018 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The right ventricular systolic pressure and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) were compared before and after operation. In addition, the SpO2 and echocardiographic data at preoperative and the last follow-up were compared. Comparisons between groups were performed using paired-samples t test. Results: Among the 16 patients (10 males and 6 females) with the age at operation of 19 (14, 26) days, 12 cases underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation successfully, 2 cases were transferred to surgery department for open-heart pulmonary valvulotomy, and the remaining 2 cases were transmitted to surgery department for transthoracic pulmonary valve perforation. The age at operation of the 12 patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation was 18 (14, 27) days, and the weight was (3.6±0.4) kg. The immediate postoperative right ventricular systolic pressure decreased significantly ((57±16) vs. (95±19) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=7.49, P<0.001), and the postoperative SpO2 was improved effectively (0.90±0.48 vs.0.75±0.09, t=-5.61, P<0.001). The follow-up time was 22 (7, 33) months for 12 patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation successfully. At the last follow-up, the ratio of right to left ventricular transverse diameter was significantly higher than that before operative (0.55±0.05 vs. 0.45±0.05, t=-3.27,P=0.007). Furthermore, the Z-scores of pulmonary valvular diameter (-0.78±0.23 vs. -1.73±0.56, t=-8.52, P<0.001) and the tricuspid valvular diameter (-0.52±0.12 vs. -1.46±0.38, t=-10.40, P<0.001) were all significantly higher than preoperative data. At last, all the patients achieved biventricular circulation without death or major complications. Conclusion: Transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation is a safe and effective therapy for neonatal PA-IVS, and its curative effect has been confirmed by the medium follow-up data.
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Yang G, Sun X, Yang H, Luo G, Zheng Y, Huang M, Wang Z, Cai P, He H, Xiang J, Cai M, Fu J, Liu Q, Yi H, Zhong J, Huang Y, Guo Q, Zhang X. 1256P Three courses of neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): A prospective phase II clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Luo G, Pan SL, Wan H, Chen TT, Xu Q, Sun Y. [Interim follow-up of fetal cardiac intervention in five fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:782-786. [PMID: 34645220 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210219-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the interim outcome and right heart development of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) in children after fetal cardiac intervention (FCI). Methods: The clinical data of 5 live births underwent FCI from October 2018 to April 2019 in Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively. The development of right ventricle (RV) and tricuspid valve (TV) in uterus after FCI, at birth, the age of 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, and the final outcome were assessed. Results: Five PA-IVS fetuses were included in this study. The first evaluation was performed at 24-26 weeks of gestational age, and the FCI was performed at 26-28 weeks of gestational age. During the follow-up of 6 weeks after FCI, the minimum diameter of tricuspid annulus increased from 0.85 cm to 0.92 cm, and the minimum Z-score of tricuspid annulus decreased from -0.03 to -1.62. The minimum values of TV/mitral valve annular diameter and RV/left ventricular length ratios of all fetuses increased from 0.57, 0.52 to 0.88, 0.82, respectively. The maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity decreased from 4.60 m/s to 3.64 m/s. No severe hemodynamic change was found in any of the fetuses. All 5 fetuses were born alive. Three cases underwent percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) and stent implantation for ductus arteriosus. Two cases received PBPV alone. At follow-up (26 to 32 months), obvious development of TV was observed 6 months to 1 year after birth in 5 cases with the growth rate ranging from 19.64% to 40.00%. Meanwhile, the RV development was relatively slow at 6 months with the growth rate ranging from 9.41% to 21.42%. There were individual differences in RV development at 2 years. The growth and development of all children were equal to healthy children of the same age with the body mass index less than 18.4 kg/m2. At the last follow-up, all children had a transcutaneous oxygen saturation of greater than 0.95, three became biventricular circulation and two had circulation approximation to biventricular circulation with almost closed stent. Conclusions: The findings support the potential of development of right ventricular and tricuspid valve for fetuses with PA-IVS underwent FCI. All fetuses underwent FCI received intervention after birth, and biventricular circulation can be realized finally. The development of right ventricular and tricuspid valve is not proportional. In utero, the right ventricle develops rapidly, and the development of tricuspid valve is more advantageous after birth.
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Yang J, Luo G, Chen X. Individualized Supplement of Folic Acid Based on the Gene Polymorphisms of MTHER/MTRR Reduced the Incidence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Newborn Defects. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1150-1158. [PMID: 34397023 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_381_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The association between conventional folic acid supplement (FAS) in pregnancy and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, newborn defects has been proven. However, recent researches have reported a weakened association. Based on the different maternal metabolism capability of folic acid, it's beneficial for clinicians to provide pregnant women with different doses of FAS, that's individualized FAS. Subjects and Methods A total of 2,677 pregnant women in Dazu, Chongqing, China were recruited in this cohort study. 1,539 women volunteered to receive individualized FAS, in which FAS dose increased with the risk level of maternal genotype? specify MTHFR and MTRR (write in full then abbreviate bracket open and close) while 1,138 women received conventional FAS with unified FAS dose. Additionally, 1,964 pregnant women without FAS were retrospectively analyzed as the control. Finally, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn defects were recorded. Results Based on the genotype of MTHFR and MTRR, women were identified as five risk levels of folic acid metabolism. The distributions of genotype and risk levels were not significantly different between FAS-individualized supplement group and FAS-unified supplement group. However, compared with control or FAS-unified supplement group, the incidence of spontaneous abortion, prolonged pregnancy, premature labor, fetal macrosomia and congenital heart disease were significantly decreased in FAS-individualized supplement group. In subgroup analysis, individualized FAS significantly improved pregnancy outcomes for women between 20-40 years old and inhibited the occurrence of newborn defects in both women of the first gestation and women of ≥2 gestations. Conclusions The application of individualized FAS based on gene polymorphisms was more effective in preventing adverse outcomes in the mother and child.
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Jin Z, Gan C, Luo G, Hu G, Yang X, Qian Z, Yao S. Notoginsenoside R1 protects hypoxia-reoxygenation deprivation-induced injury by upregulation of miR-132 in H9c2 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S29-S38. [PMID: 34212764 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211025589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common perioperative complication of heart and great vessels surgery, aggravating the original myocardial damage and seriously affecting the postoperative recovery of cardiac function. The aim of this study was to reveal the functional effects and potential mechanisms of notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) in myocardial cells injured by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). METHODS The rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2 was subjected to H/R with or without NG-R1 treatment. The levels of miR-132 and HBEGF in the cell were altered by microRNA or short-hairpin RNA transfection. Cell viability, apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored. Dual luciferin was used to detect the relationship between miR-132 and HBEGF. RESULTS NG-R1 (20 μM) had no impact on H9c2 cells, but cell viability was significantly reduced at 80 μM. NG-R1 (20 μM) protected H9c2 cells against H/R-induced cell damage, accompanied by increased cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and downregulation of LDH and MDA. Furthermore, the level of miR-132 was decreased in response to H/R exposure but then increased after NG-R1 treatment. When miR-132 was overexpressed, H/R-induced cell damage could be recovered. Downregulation of miR-132 limited the protective effect of NG-R1 on H/R damage. We also found that HBEGF was a direct target of miR-132. The expression of HBEGF was increased upon H/R damage, and this increase was reversed after NG-R1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that NG-R1 markedly protected H9c2 cells against H/R-induced damage via upregulation of miR-132 and downregulation of its target protein HBEGF.
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Huang X, He D, Pan Z, Luo G, Deng J. Reactive-oxygen-species-scavenging nanomaterials for resolving inflammation. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100124. [PMID: 34458716 PMCID: PMC8379340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate multiple physiological functions; however, the over-accumulation of ROS causes premature aging and/or death and is associated with various inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, there are limited clinical treatment options that are currently available. The good news is that owing to the considerable advances in nanoscience, multiple types of nanomaterials with unique ROS-scavenging abilities that influence the temporospatial dynamic behaviors of ROS in biological systems have been developed. This has led to the emergence of next-generation nanomaterial-controlled strategies aimed at ameliorating ROS-related inflammatory conditions. Accordingly, herein we reviewed recent progress in research on nanotherapy based on ROS scavenging. The underlying mechanisms of the employed nanomaterials are emphasized. Furthermore, important issues in developing cross-disciplinary nanomedicine-based strategies for ROS-based inflammatory conditions are discussed. Our review of this increasing interdisciplinary field will benefit ongoing studies and clinical applications of nanomedicine based on ROS scavenging.
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Sun BY, Wei QQ, Liu CX, Zhang L, Luo G, Li T, Lü MH. ECT2 promotes proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the RhoA-ERK signaling pathway. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:7991-8000. [PMID: 32767325 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of epithelial cell transformation sequence 2 (ECT2) on the proliferation, invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was investigated by interfering the expression of ECT2. PATIENTS AND METHODS Interfering with the expression level of ECT2 in human squamous cell carcinomas KYSE140 and EC9706 cell lines, the changes of KYSE140 and EC9706 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were measured using the CCK-8 method, transwell test, and scratch test, respectively. The effects of ECT2 on the Ras homolog gene family, member A-extracellular regulated protein kinases (RhoA-ERK) signaling pathway were also observed. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of EC9706 and KYSE140 cells after ECT2 knockout were significantly reduced (p <0.05). The knockdown of ECT2 expression in ESCC cell lines suppressed the activation of RhoA-ERK signaling pathway and protein expression of VEGF and MMP9. CONCLUSIONS ECT2 could regulated the expression of VEGF and MMP9 to inhibit cells proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor development through RhoA-ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, ECT2 could be an available marker, and provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of ESCC.
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Abi B, Albahri T, Al-Kilani S, Allspach D, Alonzi LP, Anastasi A, Anisenkov A, Azfar F, Badgley K, Baeßler S, Bailey I, Baranov VA, Barlas-Yucel E, Barrett T, Barzi E, Basti A, Bedeschi F, Behnke A, Berz M, Bhattacharya M, Binney HP, Bjorkquist R, Bloom P, Bono J, Bottalico E, Bowcock T, Boyden D, Cantatore G, Carey RM, Carroll J, Casey BCK, Cauz D, Ceravolo S, Chakraborty R, Chang SP, Chapelain A, Chappa S, Charity S, Chislett R, Choi J, Chu Z, Chupp TE, Convery ME, Conway A, Corradi G, Corrodi S, Cotrozzi L, Crnkovic JD, Dabagov S, De Lurgio PM, Debevec PT, Di Falco S, Di Meo P, Di Sciascio G, Di Stefano R, Drendel B, Driutti A, Duginov VN, Eads M, Eggert N, Epps A, Esquivel J, Farooq M, Fatemi R, Ferrari C, Fertl M, Fiedler A, Fienberg AT, Fioretti A, Flay D, Foster SB, Friedsam H, Frlež E, Froemming NS, Fry J, Fu C, Gabbanini C, Galati MD, Ganguly S, Garcia A, Gastler DE, George J, Gibbons LK, Gioiosa A, Giovanetti KL, Girotti P, Gohn W, Gorringe T, Grange J, Grant S, Gray F, Haciomeroglu S, Hahn D, Halewood-Leagas T, Hampai D, Han F, Hazen E, Hempstead J, Henry S, Herrod AT, Hertzog DW, Hesketh G, Hibbert A, Hodge Z, Holzbauer JL, Hong KW, Hong R, Iacovacci M, Incagli M, Johnstone C, Johnstone JA, Kammel P, Kargiantoulakis M, Karuza M, Kaspar J, Kawall D, Kelton L, Keshavarzi A, Kessler D, Khaw KS, Khechadoorian Z, Khomutov NV, Kiburg B, Kiburg M, Kim O, Kim SC, Kim YI, King B, Kinnaird N, Korostelev M, Kourbanis I, Kraegeloh E, Krylov VA, Kuchibhotla A, Kuchinskiy NA, Labe KR, LaBounty J, Lancaster M, Lee MJ, Lee S, Leo S, Li B, Li D, Li L, Logashenko I, Lorente Campos A, Lucà A, Lukicov G, Luo G, Lusiani A, Lyon AL, MacCoy B, Madrak R, Makino K, Marignetti F, Mastroianni S, Maxfield S, McEvoy M, Merritt W, Mikhailichenko AA, Miller JP, Miozzi S, Morgan JP, Morse WM, Mott J, Motuk E, Nath A, Newton D, Nguyen H, Oberling M, Osofsky R, Ostiguy JF, Park S, Pauletta G, Piacentino GM, Pilato RN, Pitts KT, Plaster B, Počanić D, Pohlman N, Polly CC, Popovic M, Price J, Quinn B, Raha N, Ramachandran S, Ramberg E, Rider NT, Ritchie JL, Roberts BL, Rubin DL, Santi L, Sathyan D, Schellman H, Schlesier C, Schreckenberger A, Semertzidis YK, Shatunov YM, Shemyakin D, Shenk M, Sim D, Smith MW, Smith A, Soha AK, Sorbara M, Stöckinger D, Stapleton J, Still D, Stoughton C, Stratakis D, Strohman C, Stuttard T, Swanson HE, Sweetmore G, Sweigart DA, Syphers MJ, Tarazona DA, Teubner T, Tewsley-Booth AE, Thomson K, Tishchenko V, Tran NH, Turner W, Valetov E, Vasilkova D, Venanzoni G, Volnykh VP, Walton T, Warren M, Weisskopf A, Welty-Rieger L, Whitley M, Winter P, Wolski A, Wormald M, Wu W, Yoshikawa C. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:141801. [PMID: 33891447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first results of the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency ω_{a} between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'} in a spherical water sample at 34.7 °C. The ratio ω_{a}/ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, together with known fundamental constants, determines a_{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 040(54)×10^{-11} (0.46 ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both μ^{+} and μ^{-}, the new experimental average of a_{μ}(Exp)=116 592 061(41)×10^{-11} (0.35 ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations.
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Luo G, Pan SL, Wang KL, Wang DL, Sun Y, Xu Q, Chen TT. [Fetal cardiac intervention and perioperative management of fetus with hypoplastic right heart syndrome]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 2021; 55:837-842. [PMID: 33355758 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200519-00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the experience of perioperative management strategy of fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty (FPV) for hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS). Methods: In the retrospective study of perioperative data, 13 fetuses of HRHS were treated with FPV in Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from July 2018 to June 2019. Results: (1) The evaluation indexes of the right ventricle in 13 fetuses before FPV: the mean ratio of tricuspid/mitral annulus, right/left ventricular length, pulmonary/aortic annulus, and tricuspid inflow time/cardiac cycle were 0.81±0.04, 0.56±0.14, 0.69±0.06, and 0.35±0.03, respectively. (2) All pregnant mothers underwent general anesthesia. The basic fetal heart rate was (156±12) beats per minutes before FPV, and 9 fetuses showed bradycardia during the operation, and recovered to normal after drug resuscitation. On the first day after FPV, two cases had bradycardia and pregnancy was terminated. The fluctuation of systolic blood pressure of pregnant mother was less than 20%, and there was no significant difference between preoperative and intraoperative pulse pressure [(36.0±5.6) vs (35.8±6.9) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa); t=8.102, P=0.951]. (3) All cases of HRHS fetus successfully underwent FPV. The average gestational age was (27.3±0.8) weeks. The average operation time was (23.2±1.0) minutes. The ratio of tricuspid to mitral annulus (t=-2.513, P=0.022) and the ratio of right to left ventricular length (t=-3.373, P=0.003) were significantly improved at 6 weeks postoperatively. Ten fetuses were delivered, and there was no death after early intervention. (4) Of 13 pregnant women, 3 cases were nausea and vomiting on the day of FPV operation, the treatment of the symptoms was improved by tropisetron; one case had tolerable abdominal pain and improved without special treatment. Pregnant women had no major complications such as cardiac failure, abortion and death. (5) Chromosome karyotype analysis and microarray analysis of amniotic fluid was retained during the operation. No typical chromosome abnormality or other abnormal genetic diagnosis was found. Conclusions: FPV colud be used as an effective intervention measure to promote the development of right ventricle in HRHS fetuses. The scientific management of multidisciplinary professional technical team in perioperative period is particularly important to ensure the success of FPV and the safety of pregnant women and fetuses.
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Pan SL, Chen R, Duan SH, Wan H, Luo G, Du ZH, Ge W, Xing QS. [A case of giant left atrial appendage aneurysm: from prenatal diagnosis to postnatal surgery]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2020; 58:845-846. [PMID: 32987467 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20200317-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dudzinski S, Chen H, Cameron B, Li B, Chambless L, Luo G, Morales-Paliza M, Thompson R, Horn L, York S, Lovly C, Cmelak A, Kirschner A, Attia A. Oncogene Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Have Increased Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wei J, Yu Y, Feng Y, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Zheng L, Zhang X, Xu N, Luo G. Negative Correlation Between Serum Levels of Homocysteine and Apolipoprotein M. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:120-126. [PMID: 30854963 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190308115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine (Hcy) has been suggested as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a constituent of the HDL particles. The goal of this study was to examine the serum levels of homocysteine and apoM and to determine whether homocysteine influences apoM synthesis. METHODS Serum levels of apoM and Hcy in 17 hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) patients and 19 controls were measured and their correlations were analyzed. Different concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and LY294002, a specific phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, were used to treat HepG2 cells. The mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR and the apoM protein mass was measured by western blot. RESULTS We found that decreased serum apoM levels corresponded with serum HDL levels in HHcy patients, while the serum apoM levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with the serum Hcy levels. Moreover, apoM mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased after the administration of Hcy in HepG2 cells, and this effect could be abolished by addition of LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Present study demonstrates that Hcy downregulates the expression of apoM by mechanisms involving the PI3K signal pathway.
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Peris Sempere V, Ambati A, Luo G, Lin L, Mignot E. 0773 Why Did Pandemrix Trigger Narcolepsy? A Structural Approach. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The 2009 Pandemrix influenza A pH1N1 vaccine has been linked to an increased number of Narcolepsy type I onsets in children across Europe whereas administration of a very similar adjuvanted vaccine, Arepanrix, had little effects in Canada. One possible explanation for the difference may be vaccine composition differences that could modify peptide binding to narcolepsy associated HLA-DQ0602 allele, as viral extracts for these two vaccines used distinct processes in different factories. Other explanations may involve differences in vaccination timing in relation to the pandemic H1N1 infection wave, or other environmental factors. We have previously compared the amino acid sequence of the Hemagglutinin (HA) component of the Pandemrix and the 2010 Arepanrix vaccine, finding possible contributors, but excluding most of these after DQ0602-tetramer analysis of T cell reactivity in narcolepsy versus controls.
Methods
Mass spectrometric characterization of multiple additional batches of Pandemrix and Arepanrix used during 2009 influenza pandemic vaccination campaign was performed.
Results
In addition to confirming previously published results such as increased deamidation of hemagglutinin (HA) (146N>D) in Pandemrix (p=2.1e-9), we identified novel differences, including a significant 2-fold post-translation deamidation increase in 277N in Arepanrix versus Pandemrix (p=0.032), together with increased 2-fold glycosylation in the 286-323 positions in Arepanrix (p=0.00036). The 277 N to D/isoD substitution is located in pocket 1 of the binding core of a strong binder NAGSGIIIS, (< 10% rank) for HLA-DQ0602 allele and abolishes epitope binding. The increased glycosylation in Arepanrix occurs in the immediate flanking area of the same 277N epitope and could also reduce DQ0602 presentation of the same epitope through differential binding and/or proteolysis of HA in this region of the molecules. As CD4 T cells recognizing this epitope have been reported to be significantly increased in narcolepsy versus DQ0602 controls, with possible mimicry with homologous hypocretin sequence.
Conclusion
These changes could explain why Arepanrix was less narcolepsy inducing. Confirmatory studies, as well as studies of all novel changes observed, are ongoing, but this is a promising result.
Support
Wake Up Narcolepsy
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Zhou Y, Luo G. Apolipoproteins, as the carrier proteins for lipids, are involved in the development of breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1952-1962. [PMID: 32306242 PMCID: PMC7505814 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins, the key components of lipoproteins, play vital roles in the combination and transportation of lipids. Numerous research articles have accumulated solid evidence that lipoproteins are closely related to various types of tumorigenesis. In this review, we focused on the associations between several apolipoproteins and breast carcinoma and distinguished the effects and significance of apolipoproteins in different locations to validate their roles in breast carcinoma development. For example, apoD and apoE in serum are viewed as risk factors for breast carcinoma. ApoD, apoE and apoA-I in mammary tissues inhibit tumor growth. Moreover, apoB, apoJ and apoA-I have the potential to function as diagnostic or prognostic markers in the clinic. ApoEdp and apoJ treatment on breast carcinoma could significantly restrict tumor growth. In general, the aim of this review was to further analyze the associations between some members of the apolipoprotein family and breast cancer.
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Luo G, Liu A, Wang KL, Yao W, Ji ZX, Xing QS, Pan SL. [Application of arterial duct stent in ductus-dependent hypoplastic right heart syndrome]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2020; 58:319-323. [PMID: 32234140 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20190907-00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the experience of arterial duct (AD) stenting in children with ductus-dependent hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS). Methods: Seven children including 4 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) with HRHS and 3 cases of critical pulmonary stenosis (CPS)-IVS with HRHS underwent AD stenting in Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital between January 2012 and January 2019. During the same period, 9 patients of PA-IVS with HRHS received Blalock Taussig (B-T) shunt. Two groups of children on the operation time, hospital stay time, intensive care time and mortality were compared.T test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the age (18 (7-100) vs. 17 (1-142) d, U=31.000, P>0.05) and weight ((3.8±1.1) vs. (3.7±1.3) kg, t=0.272, P>0.05) between the AD stenting group and the B-T group.The operation time ((108±7) vs. (160±49) min, t=-4.304), intensive care time ((3.4±1.0) vs. (6.3±4.5) d, t=-8.692) and total hospitalization time ((10.3±1.0) vs. (26.3±1.0) d, t=-7.822) in the AD stenting group were differed significantly compared with the B-T group (all P<0.05). The transcutaneous oxygen saturation improved significantly (0.723±0.125 vs. 0.926±0.005, t=-6.044, P<0.05) after AD stenting. The diameter of AD stent ranged from 3.5 to 4.0 mm, and the length of AD stent was 16-21 mm. There were no complications such as vascular injury, acute thrombus, catheter spasm and death in the AD stenting group. The mortality of children in the B-T group was 3 in 9 cases. Three cases in the AD stenting group received pulmonary valvulotomy and bilateral Glenn operation at 6, 9 and 9 months after AD stenting, respectively. Conclusions: AD stenting is a feasible, effective, safe and minimally invasive procedure for children with ductus-dependent HRHS. It can even be used as an alternative to B-T shunt.
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Roman MC, Gray D, Luo G, McClanahan R, Perez R, Roper C, Roscoe V, Shevchuk C, Suen E, Sullivan D, Walther HJ. Determination of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Botanicals and Dietary Supplements by HPLC-UV: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An international collaborative study was conducted of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV method for the determination of the major (ephedrine [EP] and pseudoephedrine [PS]) and minor (norephedrine [NE], norpseudoephedrine [NP], methylephedrine [ME], and methylpseudoephedrine [MP]) alkaloids in selected dietary supplements representative of the commercially available products. Ten collaborating laboratories determined the ephedrine-type alkaloid content in 8 blind replicate samples. Five products contained ephedra ground herb or ephedra extract. These 5 products included ground botanical raw material of Ephedra sinica, a common powdered extract of Ephedra sinica, a finished product containing only Ephedra sinica ground botanical raw material, a complex multicomponent dietary supplement containing Ma Huang, and a high-protein chocolate flavored drink mix containing Ma Huang extract. In addition, collaborating laboratories received a negative control and negative control spiked with ephedrine alkaloids at high and low levels for recovery studies. Test extracts were treated to solid-phase extraction using a strong-cation exchange column to help remove interferences. The HPLC analyses were performed on a polar-embedded phenyl column using UV detection at 210 nm. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSD r) ranged from 0.64–3.0% for EP and 2.0–6.6% for PS, excluding the high protein drink mix. Reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSD R) ranged from 2.1–6.6% for EP and 9.0–11.4% for PS, excluding the high protein drink mix. Recoveries ranged from 84.7–87.2% for EP and 84.6–98.2% for PS. The data developed for the minor alkaloids are more variable with generally unsatisfactory HORRATS (i.e., >2). However, since these alkaloids generally add little to the total alkaloid content of the products, the method gives satisfactory results in measuring total alkaloid content (RSD r 0.85–3.13%; RSDR 2.03–10.97%, HORRAT 0.69–3.23, exclusive of the results from the high protein drink). On the basis of these results, the method is recommended for Official First Action for determination of EP and PS in dietary supplements exclusive of the high protein drinks.
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Trujillo WA, Sorenson WR, Gray D, Laurensen J, Luo G, McClanahan R, Perez R, Roper C, Kotello S, Shevchuk C, Suen E, Sullivan D. Determination of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Human Urine and Plasma by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.4.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of a method for ephedrine-type alkaloids (i.e., norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methylephedrine, and methylpseudoephedrine) in human urine and plasma. The amount of ephedrine-type alkaloids present was determined using liquid chromatography (LC) with tandem mass selective detection. The test samples were diluted to reflect a concentration of 5.00–100 ng/mL for each alkaloid. An internal standard was added and the alkaloids were separated using a 5 μm phenyl LC column with an ammonium acetate, glacial acetic acid, acetonitrile, and water mobile phase. Eight blind duplicates of human urine and eight blind duplicates of human plasma were analyzed by 10 collaborators. In addition to negative controls, test portions of urine and plasma were fortified at 3 different levels with each of the 6 ephedrine-type alkaloids at approximately 1, 2, and 5 μg/mL for urine and 100, 200, and 500 ng/mL for plasma. On the basis of the accuracy and precision results for this collaborative study, it is recommended that this method be adopted Official First Action for the determination of 6 different ephedrine-type alkaloids in human urine and plasma.
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