601
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Fukuda MN, Dell A, Oates JE, Wu P, Klock JC, Fukuda M. Structures of glycosphingolipids isolated from human granulocytes. The presence of a series of linear poly-N-acetyllactosaminylceramide and its significance in glycolipids of whole blood cells. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:1067-82. [PMID: 3881421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structures of glycolipids isolated from human granulocytes were elucidated by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and exo- and endoglycosidase treatment. All neutral glycolipids, with saccharide residues ranging from 2 to 10, were found to have linear N-acetyllactosaminyl backbones. The majority of neutral glycolipids contain one or two fucosyl residues attached to N-acetylglucosamine residues through the Fuc alpha 1----3 linkage and were reactive with the monoclonal antibody specific to Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc, the Lex structure. Their general structure can be expressed as follows: (formula; see text) where n = 0-3. Glycolipids containing sialic acid (gangliosides) were also found to have linear N-acetyllactosaminyl backbones with sialic acid joined to this backbone by either alpha 2----3 or alpha 2----6 linkage. The gangliosides have the following general structure: (formula; see text) where n = 0-3. The ceramide was composed of sphingosine with d18:1 as the long-chain base and C16:0 (as a major component) or C24:1 (as a minor component) fatty acid. Analysis of glycolipids isolated from granulocytes, erythrocytes, and whole blood cells revealed that, among the glycolipids prepared from the whole blood cells, dihexaosylceramide, lactoneotetraosylceramide, and the above described linear lactoneo series neutral glycolipids are present in granulocytes but barely present in erythrocytes.
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602
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Klock JC, Fukuda M, Wu P. Cell membrane complex carbohydrates in leukemia: glycoproteins in hairy cell and other leukemias. Semin Oncol 1984; 11:422-6. [PMID: 6505706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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603
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Webb S, Levy I, Wass JA, Llorens A, Penman E, Casamitjana R, Wu P, Gaya J, Martínez MJ, Rivera F. Studies on the mechanisms of somatostatin release after insulin induced hypoglycaemia in man. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1984; 21:667-75. [PMID: 6150771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1984.tb01409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, which stimulates gastric acid secretion, is associated with an increase in circulating somatostatin levels in man. In order to assess the mechanisms involved in this rise, six normal volunteers connected to a Biostator for continuous glucose monitoring were studied, on three separate occasions. On each occasion after basal blood sampling, 0.15 i.u./kg body weight of insulin was administered i.v. and further samples were obtained intermittently over 150 min. On one occasion, dextrose was infused by the Biostator to prevent hypoglycaemia, while on the other two, a constant infusion of either normal saline or the specific H2 antagonist cimetidine was administered. Insulin plus dextrose caused no significant changes in circulating somatostatin levels, whereas insulin plus saline was associated with a marked, sustained and significant rise in all subjects; insulin plus cimetidine also produced a rise but it was delayed; the area under the curve was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater with insulin plus saline than with insulin plus cimetidine. These results show that in man insulin itself does not stimulate somatostatin secretion directly, but indirectly via hypoglycaemia. Further, the inhibition of gastric acid secretion with cimetidine reduces somatostatin release during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. This suggests that gastric acid may mediate somatostatin secretion associated with insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.
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604
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Liu YL, Zhu LZ, Wu P, Bai YL. [Chromatographic analysis of a hematoporphyrin derivative and its active fractions]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1984; 19:706-9. [PMID: 6536184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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605
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Penman E, Wass JA, Butler MG, Penny ES, Price J, Wu P, Rees LH. Distribution and characterisation of immunoreactive somatostatin in human gastrointestinal tract. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1983; 7:53-65. [PMID: 6139847 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(83)90281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) was measured in acid extracts of human gastrointestinal tissue. The highest levels were found in the duodenum, pancreas, jejunum and stomach with lower levels in the ileum and colon. In the antrum, pylorus, duodenum and pancreas the main peak of IRS (1.6K IRS) coeluted with synthetic somatostatin-14 on both gel filtration chromatography and HPLC. In the body of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon, a large peak coeluting with synthetic somatostatin-28 (3.5K IRS) on both chromatographic systems was also identified, while minor peaks of IRS assigned molecular weights of 6000 (6K) and greater than 15 000 (15K) were seen in some extracts. The total IRS content and pattern of molecular forms were similar in tissues obtained from adults at surgery or rapid post mortem, and in tissue taken from human fetuses after prostaglandin termination of pregnancy. When tissues were divided into mucosal and muscle layers, greater than 90% of the IRS was in the mucosa with less than 10% in the muscle layer. In the muscle layer the IRS was almost entirely the 1.6K form in all tissues. Immunohistochemical studies showed the IRS in the mucosa to be localised in endocrine-type cells, while in the muscle layer the IRS is present in nerve fibres and neurones of the myenteric plexus. It is suggested that (1) different mechanisms may control the biosynthesis of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 in mucosal cells in different parts of the gut, (2) different biosynthetic controls may operate in endocrine-like and neuronal cells in the same region of the gut.
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606
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Fang QN, Wu P, Yang L. [Separation and determination of puerarin by high performance liquid chromatography]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 1983; 18:695-9. [PMID: 6677057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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607
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Stavchansky S, Wallace JE, Wu P. Thermal and photolytic degradation studies of promethazine hydrochloride: a stability-indicating assay. J Pharm Sci 1983; 72:546-8. [PMID: 6864503 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600720517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A stability-indicating GLC method for the analysis of promethazine hydrochloride in polyethylene glycol delivery systems is reported. This method is capable of distinguishing the intact drug from its thermal and photodegradation products. A linear relationship between peak height ratio (promethazine-promazine) and promethazine concentration is found up to a concentration of 600 micrograms/ml. Kinetic studies were performed to determine the photolytic and thermal degradation rates of promethazine hydrochloride as a function of pH. The activation energies at pH 2.98, 3.94, and 5.12 were obtained from linear Arrhenius plots and were found to be 6601, 5888, 5570 cal/mole, respectively. The first-order rate constant increased with increasing pH. The photolytic degradation of promethazine hydrochloride does not follow simple first-order kinetics.
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608
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Hong CY, Chiang BN, Wu P. Quantitative evaluation of the spermicidal potencies of vaginal contraceptives with a transmembrane migration method. CLINICAL REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 1983; 2:33-8. [PMID: 6640472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The spermicidal potencies of four vaginal contraceptives, namely Delfen cream, Samtol tablet, Lorophyn suppository and Ortho-Gynol jelly were compared using a transmembrane migration method which measured the proportion of sperm that moved from a semen-drug mixture across a Nuclepore membrane with 5 micron pores into phosphate buffer. The concentration-response curves of all preparations were parallel. The maximal dilutions that decreased sperm motility to 50% of control for Delfen, Samtol, Lorophyn and Ortho-Gynol were 240, 160, 75 and 35 respectively. The trans-membrane migration method is a simple, reproducible and quantitative test for evaluating the spermicidal potencies of vaginal contraceptives.
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609
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Wu P, Penman E, Coy DH, Rees LH. Evidence for direct production of somatostatin-14 from a larger precursor than somatostatin-28 in a phaeochromocytoma. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1983; 5:219-33. [PMID: 6133317 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(83)90253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gel-filtration chromatography of an acid-extract of a phaeochromocytoma, under dissociating conditions, revealed 4 peaks of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) of approx. 8-10 kilodaltons (K), 6K, 3.5K and 1.6K as detected by an antiserum (R9) directed against the central region of tetradecapeptide somatostatin (S14). The 3.5K and 1.6K forms of IRS co-eluted with synthetic cyclic S28 and S14 respectively on reversed phase HPLC. Using another radioimmunoassay for the 1-14 sequence of S28 (N-peptide) a peak of immunoreactive N-peptide (IRN) with a molecular weight of approx. 4500 was observed. The antiserum (N3) used in the N-peptide assay was raised against N-Tyr N-peptide and cross-reacts less than 5% with synthetic S28. Two peaks were further characterised by partial tryptic digestion and gel-filtration chromatography. The 3.5K IRS peak was partially converted to a 1.6K IRS form together with an approximately equimolar amount of IRN with apparent molecular weight of 2500. This 2.5K IRN co-eluted both with N-Tyr N-peptide and with the IRN generated by tryptic digestion of synthetic cyclic S28. No IRN peak of this size was observed in the original extract. Tryptic digestion of the 6K IRS peak generated 3.5K and 1.6K IRS and 2.5K IRN. These results suggested that (1) this human phaeochromocytoma contains IRS very similar to the known structure of ovine and porcine S28 and S14. (2) The 6K IRS is composed of an unknown peptide sequence attached via trypsin-susceptible bond to the N-terminus of S28. (3) In this tumour S14 is being generated directly from 6K IRS and not via S28.
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610
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Lee JN, Wu P, Chard T. Identification of somatostatin in the human placenta. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA 1982; 99:601-4. [PMID: 6122323 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.0990601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel chromatography and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were applied to the identification of cyclic somatostatin in human placental tissue. Methanol extracts of the placenta were treated with acetic acid and chloroform, purified on an octadecylsilane column, fractionated on HPLC and gel filtration, and assessed by RIA. It is concluded that human placental somatostatin is similar or identical to cyclic somatostatin on other tissue.
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611
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Wu P, Ackland JF, Rees LH. The characterisation of somatostatin in rat hypothalamic extracts by multiple chromatographic techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(82)90055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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612
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Wu P. [The new marriage law and planned birth]. REN KOU YAN JIU = RENKOU YANJIU 1981:16-8, 22. [PMID: 12159386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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613
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Peltier WR, Wu P, Yuen DA. The viscosities of the Earth's mantle. ANELASTICITY IN THE EARTH 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/gd004p0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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614
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615
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Reckless JP, Betteridge DJ, Wu P, Payne B, Galton DJ. High-density and low-density lipoproteins and prevalence of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1978; 1:883-6. [PMID: 205308 PMCID: PMC1603755 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6117.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of vascular disease among 154 diabetic patients was analysed in relation to the serum concentrations of individual lipoproteins. Overal the presence of vascular disease (59 cases) was positively associated with serum cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol but negatively associated with high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The negative relation between HDL and vascular disease was not observed in all subgroups of diabetics. We conclude that there may be no overriding association between HDL and vascular disease in diabetics as proposed for some non-diabetic populations.
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616
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617
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Stavchansky S, Ludden T, Allen JP, Wu P. Correlation of the e.m.i.t. diphenylhydantoin assay in blood plasma with a g.l.c. and a spectrophotometric method. Anal Chim Acta 1977; 92:213-6. [PMID: 329711 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)84591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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618
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Stavchansky S, Wu P, Kostenbauder HB. Gas Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Acetaminophen in Blood Plasma. ANAL LETT 1977. [DOI: 10.1080/00032717708067833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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619
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Maruyama Y, Wu P, Van Arsdale E, Utley J, Avila J, Wrede DE. Calvarial-scalp compensator for radiotherapy. Radiology 1975; 117:218-20. [PMID: 808832 DOI: 10.1148/117.1.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A universal compensator for megavoltage cobalt-60 radiotherapy of the skull was constructed and applied to clinical radiotherapy use. This compensator allows the skull to be treated with a more uniform dose.
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620
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Alpern WM, Charles AG, Friedman EA, Scommegna A, Silverman AR, Wu P. Medical progress in the severely affected Rh-sensitized pregnancy. IMJ. ILLINOIS MEDICAL JOURNAL 1968; 134:37-45. [PMID: 4385634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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