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Park K, Han S, Shin E, Kim HJ, Kim JY. EGFR gene and protein expression in breast cancers. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 33:956-60. [PMID: 17374474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To measure the EGFR gene amplification and protein expression, and to compare the EGFR expression with HER2 expression similarly measured. METHODS EGFR gene amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and its protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray of 165 consecutive invasive breast cancers. RESULTS EGFR protein overexpression was observed in 20.6% of the 165 studied cases, but gene amplification was observed in 7.9% only. EGFR protein was expressed in 33.3% of HER2-amplified tumors, and in only 16.3% of HER2 non-amplified tumors. EGFR expression significantly increased in HER2 gene-amplified and protein-expressing tumors as well. On survival analysis, EGFR expression was a significant prognostic factor for the disease-free and overall survival of the patients. CONCLUSIONS EGFR protein expression was independent of EGFR gene amplification status, whereas it was intimately associated with HER2 amplification and overexpression in breast cancer.
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352
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Furin JJ, Rigodon J, Cancedda C, Keshavjee S, Seung KJ, Letsie M, Kim JY, Joseph JK. Improved case detection of active tuberculosis associated with an antiretroviral treatment program in Lesotho. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:1154-1156. [PMID: 17945074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading infectious killer of adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) globally. Lesotho has the third highest prevalence of HIV and the fourth highest prevalence of TB worldwide, and the majority of TB patients are co-infected with HIV. This paper describes an antiretroviral treatment (ART) program instituted in a health center in a mountain region of Lesotho. Although the main goal of the program was to increase HIV detection and initiate ART for patients, the program also resulted in a ten-fold increase in the detection of TB among patients with and without HIV.
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353
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Ji S, Song C, Koo J, Park J, Park YJ, Lee KB, Lee S, Park JG, Kim JY, Cho BK, Hong KP, Lee CH, Iga F. Resonant X-ray scattering study of quadrupole-strain coupling in DyB4. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:076401. [PMID: 17930908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.076401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
X-ray and neutron scattering studies were performed on DyB4 which exhibits both a quadrupolar ordering and a macroscopic lattice distortion. A forbidden reflection at 7.792 keV near the Dy L3 absorption edge is identified as a quadrupolar ordering peak, and the quadrupolar order and a monoclinic structural distortion develop concomitantly below 12.3 K as second-order-type phase transitions. Coupling between the quadrupolar order and the strain in DyB4 is directly demonstrated by observing that both order parameters are proportional to each other.
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Suh DS, Yoon MS, Choi KU, Kim JY. Significance of E2F-1 overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:492-8. [PMID: 17692085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F-1 is a downstream regulator of the Rb pathway and is a transcription factor that plays a key role in the control of cell cycle progression. Deregulation of E2F-1 expression and Rb pathway is involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate E2F-1 expression and Rb pathway alteration and to elucidate their correlation with clinical and pathologic parameters in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We investigated overexpression of E2F-1 and alterations of p16(INK4a), cyclin D1, CDK4, and pRb using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray methods in 72 EOC patients. Overexpression of E2F-1 was detected in 45.8% of samples. The overall abnormal expression frequencies of p16(INK4a), cyclin D1, CDK4, and pRb were 33.3%, 11.1%, 12.5%, and 38.9%, respectively. E2F-1 overexpression was not associated with alteration of the Rb pathway. E2F-1 overexpression was correlated with FIGO stage, histologic grade, and mitotic index; it was a valuable prognostic variable along with FIGO stage in the multivariated analysis. The results suggest that E2F-1 has a growth-promoting effect in EOC and that E2F-1 overexpression may provide a useful prognostic indicator for EOC.
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355
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Oh JH, Kim HH, Gong HS, Lee SL, Kim JY, Kim WS. Primary aneurysmal bone cyst of the patella: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2007; 15:234-7. [PMID: 17709869 DOI: 10.1177/230949900701500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal bone cysts account for less than 1% of primary bone tumours and have a predilection for the metaphyses of the long bones of the leg. Only 1% of all aneurysmal bone cysts occur in the patella. We report on a 30-year-old man with a primary aneurysmal bone cyst in the right patella treated with curettage. The defect was filled with demineralised bone matrix and allogeneic cancellous bone graft. At the 1.5-year follow-up, the bone graft was well incorporated, the patient experienced no pain or tenderness and had a full range of knee movement.
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356
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Ahn TB, Kim SY, Kim JY, Park SS, Lee DS, Min HJ, Kim YK, Kim SE, Kim JM, Kim HJ, Cho J, Jeon BS. alpha-Synuclein gene duplication is present in sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology 2007; 70:43-9. [PMID: 17625105 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000271080.53272.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE alpha-Synuclein gene (SNCA) multiplication was found in familial Parkinson disease (PD). We examined SNCA multiplication in patients with familial and sporadic PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA). METHODS We screened 1,106 patients with parkinsonism (PD = 906, MSA = 200) for SNCA multiplication by multiplex PCR. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was done to confirm the multiplication. [(123)I]N-omega-Fluoropropyl-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane ([(123)I]FP-CIT) SPECT was done in the patients with SNCA multiplication and their family members. RESULTS Three patients were identified as having SNCA duplication. One patient had a positive family history, and two patients were sporadic. Each patient had asymptomatic carriers in their families. The familial case had early onset parkinsonism with rapidly progressive course, cognitive impairment, and dysautonomia. Sporadic cases were more typical of PD. [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT was abnormal in the patients and normal in the asymptomatic carriers. CONCLUSION SNCA multiplication is present in sporadic Parkinson disease (PD) and needs to be screened. Low penetrance, clinical heterogeneity, and normal dopamine transporter imaging in asymptomatic carriers may suggest the presence of other genetic modifiers or environmental triggers that play a role in the pathogenesis of PD due to SNCA duplication.
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357
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Woo SJ, Kim JY, Kim DM, Park SS, Ko HS, Yoo T. Investigation of the association between 677C>T and 1298A>C 5,10-methylenetetra- hydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and normal-tension glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2007; 23:17-24. [PMID: 17618244 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Homozygous polymorphism of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and resultant hyperhomocysteinaemia have been established as an independent risk factor for vascular diseases. There are evidences that vascular abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). In the present study, we were to find out the associations between 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene and NTG. METHODS This was a retrospective, case-controlled study enrolling 78 NTG patients and 100 controls. DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes was extracted and the genotypes of polymorphisms (677C>T and 1298A>C) in the MTHFR gene were determined using PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. The frequencies of the polymorphic genotypes in the patients with NTG and controls were compared. RESULTS The frequencies of the polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene (677C>T and 1298A>C) in the NTG patients were not significantly different from those of controls. But the younger NTG patients (age at diagnosis < or = 45 years) showed significantly higher prevalence of 677C>T polymorphism than the older NTG patients (age at diagnosis > 45 years) (TT genotype, 38.9 vs 11.9%, P=0.006, OR=4.71, 95% CI=1.49-14.9) and than the younger control subgroup (TT genotype, 38.9 vs 6.1%, P=0.001, OR=9.86, 95% CI=2.23-42.4). CONCLUSIONS The 677C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with NTG in the younger patients, while 1298A>C polymorphism was not. This suggests that 677C>T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene can be a genetic risk factor of NTG in Korean population.
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Peet J, Kim JY, Coates NE, Ma WL, Moses D, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC. Efficiency enhancement in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by processing with alkane dithiols. NATURE MATERIALS 2007; 6:497-500. [PMID: 17529968 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1411] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High charge-separation efficiency combined with the reduced fabrication costs associated with solution processing and the potential for implementation on flexible substrates make 'plastic' solar cells a compelling option for tomorrow's photovoltaics. Attempts to control the donor/acceptor morphology in bulk heterojunction materials as required for achieving high power-conversion efficiency have, however, met with limited success. By incorporating a few volume per cent of alkanedithiols in the solution used to spin-cast films comprising a low-bandgap polymer and a fullerene derivative, the power-conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells (air-mass 1.5 global conditions) is increased from 2.8% to 5.5% through altering the bulk heterojunction morphology. This discovery can potentially enable morphological control in bulk heterojunction materials where thermal annealing is either undesirable or ineffective.
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Jeong KK, Kim YN, Kim JY. SU-FF-T-121: Comparison of Gafchromic EBT Film with EDR2 Film in TomoTherapy Delivery QA. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Min SK, Kwak YL, Park SY, Kim JS, Kim JY. The optimal dose of remifentanil for intubation during sevoflurane induction without neuromuscular blockade in children. Anaesthesia 2007; 62:446-50. [PMID: 17448054 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The optimal dose of remifentanil needed to produce successful intubating conditions following inhalation induction of anaesthesia using 5% sevoflurane without the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs, was investigated in 25 children aged 3-10 years. Sixty seconds after inhalation induction of anaesthesia using sevoflurane 5% in 100% oxygen, a predetermined dose of remifentanil was injected over 30 s. The dose of remifentanil was determined using the modified Dixon's up-and-down method (0.2 microg x kg(-1) as a step size). The first patient was tested at 1.0 microg x kg(-1) remifentanil. Ninety seconds following the bolus administration of remifentanil, the child's trachea was intubated. The optimal bolus dose of remifentanil required for successful tracheal intubation was 0.56 (0.15) microg x kg(-1) in 50% of children during inhalation induction using 5% sevoflurane in the absence of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Using probit analysis, the 95% effective dose (ED(95)) of remifentanil was 0.75 microg x kg(-1) (95% confidence limits 0.63-1.38 microg x kg(-1)).
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Kim JY, Kim YC. Trichoblastoma and syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising in naevus sebaceous in a 4-year-old boy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:218-9. [PMID: 17342802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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362
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Shin EH, Bian S, Shim YB, Rahman MA, Chung KT, Kim JY, Wang JQ, Choe ES. Cocaine increases endoplasmic reticulum stress protein expression in striatal neurons. Neuroscience 2007; 145:621-30. [PMID: 17303341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine administration upregulates the levels of extracellular glutamate and dopamine in the striatum. Activation of the receptors alters calcium homeostasis in striatal neurons leading to the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins. It was therefore hypothesized that cocaine upregulates the expression of the ER stress proteins, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP), Ire1alpha and perk via glutamate and dopamine receptor activation. A novel glutamate microbiosensor and Western immunoblot analyses were mainly performed to test the hypothesis in the rat dorsal striatum. The results showed that i.p. injection of repeated cocaine (20 mg/kg) for nine consecutive days significantly increased extracellular glutamate levels while acute cocaine injection did not. However, the immunoreactivities (IR) of the ER stress proteins in the dorsal striatum were significantly increased by either acute or repeated cocaine injections as compared with saline controls. Intrastriatal injection (i.s.) of the selective group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist N-phenyl-7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxamide (PHCCC; 25 nmol) or the mGluR5 subtype antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP; 2 and 25 nmol) significantly decreased repeated cocaine-induced increases in the IR of the ER stress proteins in the injected dorsal striatum. Similarly, the selective D1 antagonist (R)-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390; 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) or the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist dizocilpine/(5S,10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-ibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK801; 2 nmol, i.s.) decreased acute or repeated cocaine-induced the IR of the ER stress proteins in the dorsal striatum. These data suggest that cocaine upregulates expression of the ER stress proteins in striatal neurons via a mechanism involving activation of glutamate and dopamine receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Cocaine-Related Disorders/metabolism
- Cocaine-Related Disorders/physiopathology
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects
- Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/drug effects
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/drug effects
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Chaperones/drug effects
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/chemically induced
- Stress, Physiological/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
- eIF-2 Kinase/drug effects
- eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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Abstract
TRP channels, in particular the TRPC and TRPV subfamilies, have emerged as important constituents of the receptor-activated Ca2+ influx mechanism triggered by hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters through activation ofphospholipase C (PLC). Several TRPC channels are also activated by passive depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+. Although in several studies the native TRP channels faithfully reproduce the respective recombinant channels, more often the properties of Ca2+ entry and/or the store-operated current are strikingly different from that of the TRP channels expressed in the same cells. The present review aims to discuss this disparity in the context of interaction of TRPC channels with auxiliary proteins that may alter the permeation and regulation of TRPC channels.
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Lee EB, Kim JY, Zhao J, Park MH, Song YW. Haplotype association of IL-8 gene with Behcet's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:128-32. [PMID: 17257314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a CXC chemokine that recruits and activates inflammatory cells, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD). To investigate the association of the genetic polymorphism of IL-8 and BD, we genotyped IL-8 -845 T/C, -738 T/A, -353 A/T, -251 A/T, +293 G/T, +678 T/C and receptors CXCR-1 +2607 G/C and CXCR-2 +785 C/T polymorphisms in 119 Korean patients with BD and 119 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors. Then, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes were analyzed between patients and controls. There were no SNPs associated with BD. However, the frequency of haplotype TAT inferred from SNPs, IL-8 -353 A/T, -251 A/T and +678 T/C, was significantly higher in patients with BD than controls (5.9 vs 0.0%, P = 0.0001), as was haplotype ATC (6.7 vs 0.0%, P < 0.0001). The haplotype difference was still valid in human leukocyte antigen-B51-negative subjects. In conclusion, we found a significant difference in the distribution of IL-8 gene haplotypes between patients with BD and healthy controls. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphisms of proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 can contribute to the pathogenesis of BD.
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365
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Kim JY, Ihn YK, Kim JS, Chun KA, Sung MS, Cho KH. Non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy: MRI findings. Clin Radiol 2007; 62:58-64. [PMID: 17145265 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy and to evaluate the usefulness of MRI in patients with non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective study, 11 consecutive patients presenting with peroneal nerve palsy were included. MR images of the lower leg and electrophysiological examinations were also reviewed. The cause of peroneal nerve palsy was determined on the basis of MRI findings and was evaluated using electrophysiological data. Nine patients with causative lesions detected on MRI, underwent surgery. RESULTS Clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) disclosed 11 peroneal lesions. MRI and EMG revealed three types of signal intensity change, i.e. deep peroneal nerve palsy type, common peroneal nerve palsy type, and superficial peroneal nerve palsy type. The MRI and EMG findings were in agreement in seven (65%) of the 11 study patients. In nine patients the causative lesions were identified using MRI, including ganglion cyst (n=6), osteochondroma (n=1), synovial cyst (n=1), and aneurysm (n=1). CONCLUSION Ganglion cyst is the most common cause of non-traumatic peroneal nerve palsy. MRI offers a noninvasive method for obtaining useful information to assess, localize, and monitor peripheral peroneal nerve palsy.
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366
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Kim YK, Seo IS, Jung NC, Kim JY, Byun JH. Status analysis and strategic framework for sanitation management in Asia and Africa. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2007; 56:25-31. [PMID: 17881834 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Following rapid population increase and industrial development, the ever increasing environmental pollution and the associated sanitation-related problem are no longer regional or local but have become an issue requiring global-dimensional concern and the provision of problem-solving alternatives. Especially, since most problems result from inappropriate sewerage and the lack of sewage treatment system are in a serious state occurring in economically underdeveloped regions, and as such, their significance is enormous. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been making efforts to establish the technology selection methodology applicable in developing countries, through the accurate status, investigation and analysis of the wastewater management state in Asian and African regions, and the sanitation management guideline utilisable by political leaders or decision-makers. As part of this effort, the Korea Institute of Water Environment (KIWE), together with the UNEP, selected China and Vietnam (in Asia) and Kenya and Ethiopia (in Africa) as subject countries to investigate and perform on-site sanitation management investigations and analysis in this research. Results obtained from the on-site investigation were analysed, and in order to be helpful in establishing a strategy for sanitation management in underdeveloped countries, the strategic framework (SF) has been made based on characterised results.
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367
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Kim JY, Yoon SY, Park J, Kim YS. Mycophenolic Acid Induces Islet Apoptosis by Regulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3277-9. [PMID: 17175248 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, is widely used as an immunosuppressive drug after transplantations including those of pancreas islet cells. However, recent reports have indicated that MPA has apoptotic effects on islet cells in vitro. To study the effect of MPA on islet cells and determine its mechanism, we used an insulin secreting cell-line, HIT-T15. We examined mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation after MPA treatment, and determining cell death levels using methylthiazdetetrazolium assays. The activations of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK and caspase-3 cleavage were measured by Western blotting. MPA (1, 10, 30 micromol/L) increased cell death and caspase-3 cleavage within 24 hours. Exogenous 500 micromol/L guanosine reversed the MPA-induced islet cell death, but exogenous adenosine did not. MPA 10 micromol/L induced cell apoptosis and increased the activations of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, exogenous guanosine, but not exogenous adenosine, reversed these effects induced by MPA. This study demonstrated that MPA may induce islet apoptosis in HIT-T15 cells by increasing activations of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK in a guanosine-dependent manner.
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368
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Abe K, Hayato Y, Iida T, Ishihara K, Kameda J, Koshio Y, Minamino A, Mitsuda C, Miura M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Obayashi Y, Ogawa H, Shiozawa M, Suzuki Y, Takeda A, Takeuchi Y, Ueshima K, Higuchi I, Ishihara C, Ishitsuka M, Kajita T, Kaneyuki K, Mitsuka G, Nakayama S, Nishino H, Okumura K, Saji C, Takenaga Y, Totsuka Y, Clark S, Desai S, Dufour F, Kearns E, Likhoded S, Litos M, Raaf JL, Stone JL, Sulak LR, Wang W, Goldhaber M, Casper D, Cravens JP, Kropp WR, Liu DW, Mine S, Regis C, Smy MB, Sobel HW, Vagins MR, Ganezer KS, Hill JE, Keig WE, Jang JS, Kim JY, Lim IT, Scholberg K, Tanimoto N, Walter CW, Wendell R, Ellsworth RW, Tasaka S, Guillian E, Learned JG, Matsuno S, Messier MD, Ichikawa AK, Ishida T, Ishii T, Iwashita T, Kobayashi T, Nakadaira T, Nakamura K, Nitta K, Oyama Y, Suzuki AT, Hasegawa M, Kato I, Maesaka H, Nakaya T, Nishikawa K, Sasaki T, Sato H, Yamamoto S, Yokoyama M, Haines TJ, Dazeley S, Hatakeyama S, Svoboda R, Sullivan GW, Habig A, Gran R, Fukuda Y, Sato T, Itow Y, Koike T, Jung CK, Kato T, Kobayashi K, Malek M, McGrew C, Sarrat A, Terri R, Yanagisawa C, Tamura N, Sakuda M, Sugihara M, Kuno Y, Yoshida M, Kim SB, Yoo J, Ishizuka T, Okazawa H, Choi Y, Seo HK, Gando Y, Hasegawa T, Inoue K, Ishii H, Nishijima K, Ishino H, Watanabe Y, Koshiba M, Kielczewska D, Zalipska J, Berns HG, Shiraishi KK, Washburn K, Wilkes RJ. Measurement of atmospheric neutrino flux consistent with tau neutrino appearance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:171801. [PMID: 17155460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.171801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A search for the appearance of tau neutrinos from nu(mu) <--> nu(tau) oscillations in the atmospheric neutrinos has been performed using 1489.2 days of atmospheric neutrino data from the Super-Kamiokande-I experiment. A best fit tau neutrino appearance signal of 138+/-48(stat)-32(+15)(syst) events is obtained with an expectation of 78+/-26(syst). The hypothesis of no tau neutrino appearance is disfavored by 2.4 sigma.
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369
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Kim JY, Kim JY, Kim YB, Kwak HJ. Pretreatment with remifentanil to prevent withdrawal after rocuronium in children. Br J Anaesth 2006; 98:120-3. [PMID: 17065169 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain from rocuronium injection is a common side-effect reported to occur in 50-80% of the patients. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of pretreatment with i.v. remifentanil on prevention of withdrawal response during rocuronium injection in paediatric patients. METHODS After obtaining parental consents, 70 paediatric patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either i.v. remifentanil 1 mug kg(-1) (remifentanil group, n=35) or i.v. saline 5 ml (saline group, n=35). Anaesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 2.5% (5 mg kg(-1)) and the test drug was injected over 30 s. One minute after the test drug injection, rocuronium 1% (0.6 mg kg(-1)) was injected over 5 s and the response was recorded. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded on arrival in the operating theatre, before and 1 min after the tracheal intubation. RESULTS The overall incidence of withdrawal movements was significantly higher in the saline group (33 patients; 94%) than that in the remifentanil group (8 patients; 23%) (P<0.001). No patient in the remifentanil group showed generalized movement, whereas 51% of patients in the saline group did. Remifentanil prevented significant increase in MAP after intubation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that pretreatment with remifentanil 1 microg kg(-1) provided a safe and simple method for reducing the incidence of rocuronium-associated withdrawal movement with haemodynamic stability in children.
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Park JH, Koo BN, Kim JY, Cho JE, Kim WO, Kil HK. Determination of the optimal angle for needle insertion during caudal block in children using ultrasound imaging. Anaesthesia 2006; 61:946-9. [PMID: 16978308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04795.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using ultrasound imaging, the optimal angle for needle insertion during caudal epidural injection in children was estimated. After general anaesthesia, ultrasonography was performed at the sacral hiatus in 130 children aged 2-84 months positioned in the lateral position. The median [range] values for the intercornual, caudal space depth and the distance from skin to the posterior sacral bony surface were 17.0 [9.6-24] mm, 3.5 [1-8] mm and 21.0 [10-39] mm, respectively. The optimal angle showed no significant correlation with age, weight, height or body surface area. The median [range] calculated optimal angle for the needle was 21.0 [10-38] degrees. We conclude that the needle should be inserted at about 20 degrees to the skin to avoid puncture of the bone and potential intra-osseous injection.
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Kim JY, Park SH, Kim SH, Park H. Laboratory-scale analysis of effect of plume spacing of air diffuser system on destratification efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2006; 27:1145-51. [PMID: 17144263 DOI: 10.1080/09593332708618728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a study conducted to develop guidelines for the design of an air bubble destratification system, with particular concern given to plume spacing. To investigate the effect of plume spacing on the destratification efficiency of the system, we first conducted a dimensional analysis that included major variables in bubble hydrodynamics. Then, we conducted laboratory experiments with various plume spacings and water depths under non-linear stratification conditions, and we evaluated the destratification efficiencies. Our results showed that the highest efficiency was obtained with a plume spacing of 0.75 times the water depth. Our study has shown that the overall efficiency of an air diffuser system can be increased by changing the spacing between diffusers and that plume spacing should be a major design parameter for future air diffuser systems.
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Abstract
In patients with genitourinary cancers nodal staging is an integral part of the pretreatment evaluation. The presence of nodal metastatic disease plays an important role in predicting prognosis and treatment planning. Although some nodal groups can be evaluated clinically, most patients undergo various imaging studies for nodal staging. Each modality has its own unique attributes and applications. This article reviews various imaging modalities, namely, contrast enhanced computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography, used for nodal staging in patients with genitourinary cancers and highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Emerging novel techniques such as lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced MRI are also highlighted.
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373
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Hyun JJ, Kim JY, Bak YT, Lee CH, Choi SY. Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:1493. [PMID: 16911700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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374
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Kim JY, Lee SJ, Koo BN, Noh SH, Kil HK, Kim HS, Ban SY. The effect of epidural sufentanil in ropivacaine on urinary retention in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97:414-8. [PMID: 16816394 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidural opioids have excellent analgesic property, their side-effects limit its use in patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). This study was designed to compare side-effects of epidural sufentanil in ropivacaine with that of morphine in ropivacaine focusing on lower urinary tract function after major abdominal surgery. METHODS In total 60 patients undergoing gastrectomy were randomly allocated to receive either sufentanil in ropivacaine (Group S, n=30) or morphine in ropivacaine (Group M, n=30) for their PCEA. Epidural catheter was inserted between the 7th and 8th thoracic spine. Visual analogue pain score and side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, hypotension and urinary retention were evaluated during postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2 in the postanaesthetic care unit. RESULTS The incidence of serious to major micturition problem in Group S was lower than that in Group M (P<0.001). The incidence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting was also lower in Group S than in Group M on POD 1. CONCLUSIONS The lower incidence of major/serious micturition problem in patients receiving sufentanil in ropivacaine thoracic epidural analgesia suggests that continuation of urinary drainage may not be necessary from POD 1 onwards.
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Yoo HK, Kim JY, Kim CY. A pilot study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006; 16:505-6. [PMID: 16958578 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2006.16.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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