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Akram T, Farooq MU, Akram H, Ahad A, Numan M. The Impact of Firm Size on Profitability – A Study on the Top 10 Cement Companies of Pakistan. JAMEB 2021; 6:14-24. [DOI: 10.51263/jameb.v6i1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The research is conducted on the “The impact of Firm Size on Profitability – A Study on the Top 10 Cement Companies of Pakistan”. The data was taken from the top 10 cement firms which are listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). The purpose of this study was to understand how firm size can have an impact on profitability in a developing country like Pakistan and to evaluate what variables play an important role in it. The secondary data was collected by different annual reports published by the companies. The research is based on panel data with multiple regression model run for return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) which are the dependent variables in this study. The independent being the firm size determined by total assets and total sales. The findings show and conclude that when firm size is determined by total sales value it shows a positive impact with ROA and ROE. Whereas, when determined by total assets value, it show a negative impact. Overall, the relationship is of a significantly weak impact with that of firm size on the profitability which shows a blend of positive and negative impact as well.
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Zohra T, Ikram A, Salman M, Amir A, Saeed A, Ashraf Z, Ahad A. Wastewater based environmental surveillance of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257414. [PMID: 34591885 PMCID: PMC8483414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan has been experiencing intervals of sporadic cases and localized outbreaks in the last two decades. No proper study has been carried out in order to find out the environmental burden of toxigenic V. cholerae as well as how temporal and environmental factors associated in driving cholera across the country. METHODS We tested waste water samples from designated national environment surveillance sites in Pakistan with RT-PCR assay. Multistage sampling technique were utilized for samples collection and for effective sample processing Bag-Mediated Filtration system, were employed. Results were analysed by district and month wise to understand the geographic distribution and identify the seasonal pattern of V. cholera detection in Pakistan. RESULTS Between May 2019, and February 2020, we obtained and screened 160 samples in 12 districts across Pakistan. Out of 16 sentinel environmental surveillance sites, 15 sites showed positive results against cholera toxigenic gene with mostly lower CT value (mean, 34±2) and have significant difference (p < 0.05). The highest number of positive samples were collected from Sindh in month of November, then in June it is circulating in different districts of Pakistan including four Provinces respectively. CONCLUSION V. cholera detection do not follow a clear seasonal pattern. However, the poor sanitation problems or temperature and rainfall may potentially influence the frequency and duration of cholera across the country. Occurrence of toxigenic V. cholerae in the environment samples showed that cholera is endemic, which is an alarming for a potential future cholera outbreaks in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Zohra
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Afreenish Amir
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Saeed
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zurva Ashraf
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Public Health Laboratories Division, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Umair M, Ikram A, Badar N, Haider SA, Rehman Z, Ammar M, Ahad A, Ali Q, Suleman R, Salman M. Tracking down B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant in Pakistan through genomic surveillance. J Med Virol 2021; 94:32-34. [PMID: 34499364 PMCID: PMC8661799 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massab Umair
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaira Rehman
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Ahad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Suleman
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Ahmad A, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Assessment of glibenclamide pharmacokinetics in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:719-723. [PMID: 34400867 PMCID: PMC8347666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to describe the consequences of hyperlipidemia (HL) on the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide (Gb) in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Rats were given intraperitoneal dose of poloxamer 407 to cause hyperlipidemia. A single oral dose of Gb (10 mg/Kg) was given to normal and HL rats. The Cmax and tmax after oral dose of Gb in normal rats were 340.10 µg/ml and 3.67 h, respectively. Whereas, the Cmax and tmax after oral dose of Gb in HL rats were noted as 773.39 µg/ml and 2.50 h respectively. The AUC value of Gb was found considerably higher in the HL rats. While the plasma clearance (CL) after oral dose of Gb was 2.53 ml/h and 1.39 ml/h in normal and HL rats respectively. The improved plasma concentration of Gb following oral dosing in rats with HL seems to be due to a direct influence on hepatic clearance or metabolizing enzymes. In conclusion, the Gb pharmacokinetics was considerably affected by the HL in rats. Such findings play an important role for predicting the alterations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs including GB, in cases having hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Alzenaidy B, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1151-1160. [PMID: 34383955 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. METHODS Hypertension was induced in rats (SBP 173.2 ± 1.7 mmHg, mean, 1-24 h). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) of group-I (amlodipine treated), group-II (Z. officinale, and Z. officinale + amlodipine) and group-III (H. sabdariffa, and H. sabdariffa + amlodipine) animals were measured by "tail-cuff system". Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine with and without herbs (Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa) was also investigated. RESULTS Z. officinale as well as H. sabdariffa decreased the SBP, DBP and MBP. Concurrent treatment with Z. officinale + amlodipine (SBP 129.4 ± 4.5) or H. sabdariffa + amlodipine (SBP 130.4 ± 3.9) showed higher decrease in BP (mean, 1-24h), than individually administered amlodipine (SBP 149.5 ± 2.4) or Z. officinale (SBP 150.2 ± 3.1) or H. sabdariffa (SBP 139.1 ± 1.2). These herbs also influenced the Cmax, AUC0-t, and Tmax of amlodipine. H. sabdariffa increased AUC0-t of amlodipine from 81.8 ± 14.7 to 125.0 ± 10.6 (ng h/mL). CONCLUSION Simultaneous administration of Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa with amlodipine, improves its pharmacodynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alzenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahad A, Chahar P, Haque E, Bey A, Jain M, Raja W. Factors affecting the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate Indian dental students. J Educ Health Promot 2021; 10:266. [PMID: 34485563 PMCID: PMC8395990 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1475_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to assess the prevalence and the associated demographic factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate (UG) Indian dental students and determine whether the pattern is different in government-run institutions and those managed by private authorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental UG students from five dental colleges. Snowball sampling was used to approach 776 potential participants, resulting in a complete response from 507 students. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data; year of study; type of college; accommodation; and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS)-42. Descriptive data and inferential statistics were obtained. Chi-square test was applied for categorical data to test for significance, and higher analysis was done using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Females and males comprised 71.8% (n = 364) and 28.2% (n = 143) of the study population, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety was highest (66.86%, n = 339), followed by depression (57.39%, n = 291) and stress (43.99%, n = 223). In terms of severity also, anxiety was the most prevalent condition as more than one-fourth of the students presented with severe and very severe scores in this aspect (25.43%, n = 129) compared to depression (14.39%, n = 73) and stress (10.09%, n = 51). Regression analysis revealed age as a strong positive predictor for all the three conditions, while staying in the hostel was a positive predictor for anxiety and stress. Being female was also an independent predictor for the high prevalence of stress. CONCLUSION Stress, anxiety, and depression are highly prevalent among Indian dental students. Clinical students and interns have a higher prevalence of stress than preclinical students. Age, being female, and staying in the hostel are positive predictors for the severity of stress. There is no significant difference between government and private colleges, regarding the prevalence of any psychological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Dentistry, Medini Rai Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India
| | - Puneet Chahar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekramul Haque
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meena Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manav Rachna Dental College, FDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Waseem Raja
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahad A, Bey A, Khan S, Ahmad MS. Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults. J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent 2021; 13:69-75. [PMID: 35919680 PMCID: PMC9327479 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2021.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background. Tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for periodontitis. However, few studies have evaluated the periodontal status of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, while that of individuals with dual habits has largely been unexplored. Therefore, the current study aimed to find if the periodontal status in individuals with dual habits of smoking and SLT use is different from those with any single habit.Methods. Four groups (A: exclusive smokers, B: exclusive tobacco chewers, C: individuals with dual habits, and D: non-users of tobacco), each comprising 75 males in the age group of 20 to 35 years, were selected. Along with the history of tobacco use, a modified oral hygiene index (OHI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and the number of teeth with gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The data were assessed using the Chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results. Group C exhibited the highest mean OHI scores, with 94.66% of participants having poor oral hygiene (OHI>3.0). The prevalence of severe gingivitis (GI>2.0) was significantly lower among exclusive smokers (group A) and those with dual habits (group C) compared to the other two groups. As much as 60% of group C participants had average PD in the range of 4-6 mm, while deeper average PD (>6 mm) was most common among smokers. The highest risk of having a tooth with GR was also associated with the dual habit (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 3.24 - 5.76) compared with the non-users.Conclusion. While both forms of tobacco were associated with poor periodontal status, the additive effect of smoking and SLT use was evident in almost all the parameters, more so with poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of gingival recession. These findings emphasize that individuals with dual habits have an additional risk for periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Dentistry, Medini Rai Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Sami Ahmad
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Rahman A, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Qadir A, Ali A. Application of central composite design for the optimization of itraconazole loaded nail lacquer formulation. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:324. [PMID: 34194908 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nails that mostly affects the elderly and athletes. Antifungal drug-like itraconazole is one of the therapeutic agents of choice for the topical treatment of onychomycosis. The current work aimed for the preparation and optimization of itraconazole-loaded nail lacquer formulation. Central composite design was employed; independent variables were polymer concentration (X1) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) concentration (X2). While the dependent variables were cumulative amount of drug permeated per unit area (CADP/A, Y1), drying time (Y2) and nonvolatile content (Y3). The optimized formulation was characterized for various parameters including ex-vivo permeation study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and antifungal study. The optimized nail lacquer formulation (F7) exhibited CADP/A of 198.23 µg/cm2, drying time of 185 s and nonvolatile content of 97.23%. The scanning electron microscopy of goat hoof treated with optimized nail lacquer formulation demonstrated loosening of the structure and marked increase in surface roughness. The CLSM micrograph of goat hoof treated with optimized nail lacquer formulation demonstrated that the probe dye was eventually distributed and penetrated through the hoof. Bio-adhesiveness analysis showed that the prepared nail lacquer film has ample adhesiveness to be maintained on the nail plate surface for a sufficient time. In antifungal study, the optimized nail lacquer, and marketed gel exhibited a zone inhibition of 21 mm, and 10 mm against Candida albicans, respectively. The stability study showed that the optimized nail lacquer is stable at storage condition. The prepared nail lacquers have been shown to serve as a useful dosage form for the delivery of itraconazole across nail plate for controlling the problems associated with onychomycosis.
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Sharif S, Ikram A, Khurshid A, Salman M, Mehmood N, Arshad Y, Ahmed J, Safdar RM, Rehman L, Mujtaba G, Hussain J, Ali J, Angez M, Alam MM, Akthar R, Wasif Malik M, Iqbal Baig MZ, Suleman Rana M, Usman M, Qaisar Ali M, Ahad A, Badar N, Umair M, Tamim S, Ashraf A, Tahir F, Ali N. Detection of SARs-CoV-2 in wastewater using the existing environmental surveillance network: A potential supplementary system for monitoring COVID-19 transmission. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249568. [PMID: 34185787 PMCID: PMC8241060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARs-CoV-2. The virus is transmitted from person to person through droplet infections i.e. when infected person is in close contact with another person. In January 2020, first report of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces, has made it clear that human wastewater might contain this virus. This may illustrate the probability of environmentally facilitated transmission, mainly the sewage, however, environmental conditions that could facilitate faecal oral transmission is not yet clear. We used existing Pakistan polio environment surveillance network to investigate presence of SARs-CoV-2 using three commercially available kits and E-Gene detection published assay for surety and confirmatory of positivity. A Two-phase separation method is used for sample clarification and concentration. An additional high-speed centrifugation (14000Xg for 30 min) step was introduced, prior RNA extraction, to increase viral RNA yield resulting a decrease in Cq value. A total of 78 wastewater samples collected from 38 districts across Pakistan, 74 wastewater samples from existing polio environment surveillance sites, 3 from drains of COVID-19 infected areas and 1 from COVID 19 quarantine center drainage, were tested for presence of SARs-CoV-2. 21 wastewater samples (27%) from 13 districts turned to be positive on RT-qPCR. SARs-COV-2 RNA positive samples from areas with COVID 19 patients and quarantine center strengthen the findings and use of wastewater surveillance in future. Furthermore, sequence data of partial ORF 1a generated from COVID 19 patient quarantine center drainage sample also reinforce our findings that SARs-CoV-2 can be detected in wastewater. This study finding indicates that SARs-CoV-2 detection through wastewater surveillance has an epidemiologic potential that can be used as supplementary system to monitor viral tracking and circulation in cities with lower COVID-19 testing capacity or heavily populated areas where door-to-door tracing may not be possible. However, attention is needed on virus concentration and detection assay to increase the sensitivity. Development of highly sensitive assay will be an indicator for virus monitoring and to provide early warning signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmaan Sharif
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Yasir Arshad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Ahmed
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Lubna Rehman
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Johar Ali
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ribqa Akthar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Ahad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tamim
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asiya Ashraf
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Tahir
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Ali
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Umair M, Salman M, Rehman Z, Badar N, Ali Q, Ahad A, Ikram A. Proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Variant in Pakistan-A Short Surveillance Account. Front Public Health 2021; 9:683378. [PMID: 34136461 PMCID: PMC8200564 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.683378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a more transmissible variant of SARS-CoV-2 (B1. 1.7) in the United Kingdom (UK) during late 2020 has raised major public health concerns. Several mutations have been reported in the genome of the B.1.1.7 variant including the N501Y and 69-70deletion in the Spike region that has implications on virus transmissibility and diagnostics. Although the B.1.1.7 variant has been reported by several countries, only three cases have been reported in Pakistan through whole-genome sequencing. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the circulation of B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) in Pakistani population. We used a two-step strategy for the detection of B.1.1.7 with initial screening through TaqPathTM COVID-19 CE-IVD RT-PCR kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, US) followed by partial spike (S) gene sequencing of a subset of samples having the spike gene target failure (SGTF). From January 01, 2021, to February 21, 2021, a total of 2,650 samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 70.4% (n = 1,867) showed amplification of all the 3 genes (ORF, N, and S). Notably, 29.6% (n=783) samples have been SGTF that represented numbers from all the four provinces and suggest a rather low frequency during the first 3 weeks of January (n = 10, n = 13, and n = 1, respectively). However, the numbers have started to increase in the last week of January, 2021. During February, 726 (93%) cases of SGTF were reported with a peak (n = 345) found during the 3rd week. Based on the partial sequencing of SGTF samples 93.5% (n = 29/31) showed the characteristic N501Y, A570D, P681H, and T716I mutations found in the B.1.1.7 variant. In conclusion, our findings showed an upsurge of B.1.1.7 cases in Pakistan during February, 2021 affecting 15 districts and warranting large scale genomic surveillance, strengthening of laboratory network and implementation of appropriate control measures in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaira Rehman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shah R, Ahad A, Faizi M, Mangwani J. Foot and ankle trauma management during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from a major trauma unit. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2021; 16:285-291. [PMID: 33613010 PMCID: PMC7879930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a paradigm shift in clinical practice, particularly in ways in which healthcare is accessed by patients and delivered by healthcare practitioners. Many of these changes have been serially modified in adaptation to growing service demands and department provision capacity. We evaluated the impact of the pandemic on the foot and ankle service at our trauma unit, assessing whether these adaptations to practice were justifiable, successful and sustainable for the future. This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study analysing the patient care pathway from admission to discharge, for two pre-defined timeframes: Phase 0 (pre-lockdown phase) and Phase 1 (lockdown phase). Patients were split into stable and unstable injuries depending on their fracture pattern. The follow-up modality and duration were evaluated. Trauma throughput for the equivalent timeframe in 2019 was also analysed for comparison. There were 106 unstable fractures and 100 stable fractures in 2020.78 interventional procedures were performed on 72 patients with unstable fractures in Phase-1. Close contact casting was performed on 13 patients at presentation in the ED. Selective patients underwent partial fixation in theatre, which still provided adequate stability. 35% of patients with a stable fracture were discharged directly from the ED with written advice from a review letter. The treatment modality in selective patients, particularly the vulnerable should be carefully assessed. Interventions performed at presentation often negate the need for admission. Partial fixation reduces intraoperative time and surgical insult. Integrating telemedicine into the care pathway, particularly for stable ankle fractures reduces the need for physician-patient contact and eases follow-up burden. Many of our recommended changes are easily replicated in other clinical settings. Should these adaptations demonstrate long-term sustainability, it is likely they will remain incorporated into future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohi Shah
- Trauma & Orthopaedic Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Trauma & Orthopaedic Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
| | - Murtuza Faizi
- Trauma & Orthopaedic Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
| | - Jitendra Mangwani
- Trauma & Orthopaedic Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, United Kingdom
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Badar N, Ikram A, Salman M, Alam MM, Umair M, Arshad Y, Mushtaq N, Mirza HA, Ahad A, Yasin MT, Qazi J. Epidemiology of Chikungunya virus isolates 2016-2018 in Pakistan. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6124-6131. [PMID: 33755229 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, which has infected millions of people in Africa, Asia, Americas, and Europe since it remerged in India and Indian Ocean regions in 2005-2006. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and evolutionary changes in CHIKV from 2016 to 2018 in Pakistan. Blood specimens were collected and processed following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Trioplex Protocol. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of complete coding sequence of representative isolates from the CHIKV outbreak was carried out during December 2016 to July 2018, a total of 1549 samples were received, out of which 50% (n = 774) were found positive for CHIKV RNA. Mean age of chikungunya positive patients was 31.8 ± 15.7 years and most affected were between 21 and 40 years of age. The Pakistan CHIKV strains clustered with the Indian Ocean sublineage of East/Central/South African with cocirculation of some variants In the structural proteins region, two noteworthy changes (A226V and D284E) were observed in the membrane fusion glycoprotein E1. Key substitutions in the neutralizing epitopes site and a few changes indicative of adaptive to other insect cells were also detected in Pakistani strains. This study provides the emerging trend of CHIKV in the country for early identification of potential variants of high virulence and preventive measures for vector borne disease especially in the endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Badar
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Mushtaq
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Ahmad Mirza
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Javaria Qazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Smita S, Ghosh A, Biswas VK, Ahad A, Podder S, Jha A, Sen K, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. Zbtb10 transcription factor is crucial for murine cDC1 activation and cytokine secretion. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1126-1142. [PMID: 33527393 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) activation and cytokine production is tightly regulated. In this study, we found that Zbtb10 expression is activation dependent and it is essential for the immunogenic function of cDC1. Zbtb10 knockdown (KD) significantly reduced the expression of co-stimulatory genes CD80 and CD86 along with cytokines including IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10, in activated cDC1 Mutu-DC line. Consequently, the clonal expansion of CD44+ effector T cells in co-cultured CD4+ T cells was drastically reduced owing to significantly reduced IL-2. At the same time, these CD44+ effector T cells were unable to differentiate toward Tbet+ IFNγ+ Th1 subtype. Instead, an increased frequency of Th2 cells expressing GATA3+ and IL-13+ was observed. Interestingly, in Zbtb10 KD condition the co-cultured T cells depicted increased expression of PD1 and LAG3, the T-cell anergic markers. Moreover, the global transcriptome analysis identified that Zbtb10 is pertinent for DC activation and its depletion in cDC1 completely shuts down their immune responses. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Zbtb10 KD enhanced the expression of NKRF (NF-κB repressing factor) leading to drastic suppression of NF-κB related genes. Zbtb10 KD abrogated p65 and RelB nuclear translocation, thereby controlling the activation and maturation of cDC1 and the ensuing adaptive T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Viplov Kumar Biswas
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sreeparna Podder
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Atimukta Jha
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kaushik Sen
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
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Hoda Q, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Praveen A, Qadir A, Iqbal Z. Optimization of valencene containing lipid vesicles for boosting the transungual delivery of itraconazole. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:137. [PMID: 33708461 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to prepare valencene (sesquiterpene) containing invasomes for itraconazole (ITZ) transungual delivery using central composite design. The phospholipid (X 1) and valencene (X 2) were selected as an independent variables, while vesicles size (Y 1), entrapment efficiency (Y 2) and in vitro drug release (Y 3) were chosen as dependent variables. The antifungal activity of optimized formulation was screened against Trichophyton rubrum, a common causative onychomycosis pathogen, by cup plate method. The optimized ITZ-loaded invasomes formulation presented vesicles size of 176.8 ± 6.03 nm, entrapment efficiency of 83.21 ± 4.11% and in vitro drug release of 75.22 ± 5.03%. The ITZ-loaded invasomes gel formulation showed good homogeneity, pH 6.5 ± 0.23, viscosity 7.33 ± 0.67 Pa s and drug content 94.13 ± 1.13%. The spreadability and extrudability of developed ITZ-loaded invasomes gel were found to be 7.85 ± 0.24 gcm/s and 162 ± 2.74 g, respectively. The ITZ-loaded invasomes gel presented 71.11 ± 3.65% cumulative permeation of drug via goat hooves. The in vitro antifungal activity depicted that the ITZ-loaded invasomes gel and marketed preparation were presented zone of inhibition of 21.42 mm and 10.64 mm against T. rubrum respectively. Hence the prepared ITZ-loaded invasomes formulation could therefore be a promising topical dosage to mitigate the indications and hasten the cure for onychomycosis than conventional available therapies.
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Raish M, Shahid M, Bin Jardan YA, Ansari MA, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Abdelrahman IA, Ahmad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:622815. [PMID: 33716749 PMCID: PMC7946842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.622815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of sinapic acid (SA) in terms of the mechanism underlying its gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: These effects were examined through gross macroscopic evaluation of the stomach cavity [gastric ulcer index (GUI)], alteration in pH, gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, total gastric wall mucus, and changes in PGE2. In addition, we evaluated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione), inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)], apoptotic markers (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB (p65)], NO levels, and histopathological staining (H and E and PAS). Results: In rats with ethanol-induced ulcers, pre-treatment with SA (40 mg/kg p. o.) decreased the sternness of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by decreasing the GUI, gastric juice volume, free acidity, and total acidity. In addition, the pH and total gastric mucosa were increased, together with histopathological alteration, neutrophil incursion, and increases in PGE2 and NO2. These effects were similar to those observed for omeprazole, a standard anti-ulcer drug. SA was shown to suppress gastric inflammation through decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO, as well as curbing gastric oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and restoration of depleted glutathione and catalase activity. SA inhibited Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and caspase-3 activity, and restored the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2; these findings indicate the antiapoptotic potential of SA, leading to enhanced cell survival. SA also repressed NF-κB signaling and increased IκBα. Moreover, SA upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thereby restoring depleted antioxidant defense enzymes and implicating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of SA (40 mg/kg) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats primarily via the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent enhancement of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Umair M, Ikram A, Salman M, Alam MM, Badar N, Rehman Z, Tamim S, Khurshid A, Ahad A, Ahmad H, Ullah S. Importation of SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7 in Pakistan. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2623-2625. [PMID: 33570181 PMCID: PMC8013196 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazish Badar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaira Rehman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tamim
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Ahmad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Naaz S, Ahad A, Bey A, Ansari HA. Use of GaAlAs Diode Laser for Excisional Biopsy of Gingival Giant Cell Fibroma: A Case Report of a Rare Lesion. Front Dent 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 35965694 PMCID: PMC9355863 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v18i3.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell fibroma (GCF) is a relatively rare lesion in the oral cavity. Despite having unique microscopic features, it can be easily misdiagnosed clinically as any common hyperplastic lesion. This report presents a case of a 21-year old male with a lesion involving the papilla between the mandibular central incisors. The lesion was excised completely under topical anesthesia using a 980 nm diode laser. On histopathological examination of the excised tissue, no thermal damage or any other alteration was observed, while the features were suggestive of GCF. Healing of the gingiva was uneventful and without any signs of recurrence. Apart from the widely known advantages of the diode laser, it also appears to maintain the integrity of biopsy specimens, if used with appropriate settings. This advantage may play a vital role in the biopsy of rare lesions where the diagnosis is entirely based on accurate histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Naaz
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Corresponding author: Department of Dentistry, Medini Rai Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hena A Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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68
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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69
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Delivery of Insulin via Skin Route for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Approaches for Breaching the Obstacles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010100. [PMID: 33466845 PMCID: PMC7830404 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Subcutaneous injections are the standard mode of delivery for insulin therapy; however, this procedure is very often invasive, which hinders patient compliance, particularly for individuals requiring insulin doses four times a day. Furthermore, cases have been reported of sudden hypoglycemia occurrences following multidose insulin injections. Such an invasive and intensive approach motivates the quest for alternative, more user-friendly insulin administration approaches. For example, transdermal delivery has numerous advantages, such as prolonged drug release, low variability in the drug plasma level, and improved patient compliance. In this paper, the authors summarize different approaches used in transdermal insulin delivery, including microneedles, chemical permeation enhancers, sonophoresis, patches, electroporation, iontophoresis, vesicular formulations, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and microdermabrasion. Transdermal systems for insulin delivery are still being widely researched. The conclusions presented in this paper are extracted from the literature, notably, that the transdermal route could effectively and reliably deliver insulin into the circulatory system. Consistent progress in this area will ensure that some of the aforementioned transdermal insulin delivery systems will be introduced in clinical practice and commercially available in the near future.
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Shahid N, Rao AQ, Ahad A, Gul A, Latif A, Azam S, Shahid M, Akhtar S, Shahid AA, Husnain T. E. coli expression and immunological assessment of expressed recombinant Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in chickens. Acta Virol 2021; 64:331-337. [PMID: 32985210 DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Every year, the poultry industry experiences significant economic losses due to epidemics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Developing new vaccines by identifying and using the immunogenic hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein can protect the poultry industry. In the present study, the full-length HN protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) cells, purified via affinity chromatography and detected via western blot analysis using His-specific antibodies. The purified HN protein was further evaluated in chickens to study the immune response against NDV. The successful production of HN-specific IgY proved the activity of the purified HN protein. IgY was present in the serum of immunized chickens. However, the immune response was higher in chickens immunized with purified HN protein along with complete and incomplete adjuvants than in chickens immunized with only the HN protein. Keywords: protein; Newcastle disease virus; poultry; infectious diseases; vaccines.
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71
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Kuchipudi S, Shabbir M, Nissly R, Ahad A, Rabbani M, Lim L, Chothe S, Subbiah M, Sebastian A, Albert I, Ul-Rahman A, Jayarao B. Genomic characterization of velogenic avian orthoavulavirus 1 isolates from poultry workers: Implications to emergence and its zoonotic potential towards public health. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.306762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ahad A, Haque E, Naaz S, Bey A, Rahman SA. Pattern of buccal and palatal bone density in the maxillary premolar region: an anatomical basis of anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2020; 20:387-395. [PMID: 33409367 PMCID: PMC7783380 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2020.20.6.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 66 maxillary quadrants from 34 patients (16 men and 18 women) were evaluated using a volumetric imaging software for cortical and cancellous bone densities in three interdental regions between the canine and first molar. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) separately for the buccal cortical, palatal cortical, buccal cancellous, and palatal cancellous bones. Mean HU values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. Results Cancellous bone density was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) in the palatal half than in the buccal half across all three interdental regions. However, there was no significant difference (P = 0.106) between the buccal and palatal cortical bone densities at the site of AMSA injection. No significant difference was observed between the two genders for any of the evaluated parameters. Conclusions The palatal half of the cancellous bone had a significantly lower density than the buccal half, which could be a reason for the effective diffusion of the anesthetic solution following a palatal injection during the AMSA anesthetic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Dentistry, Medini Rai Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ekramul Haque
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Sabiha Naaz
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Sajjad Abdur Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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Ahad A, Salman M, Ikram A, Ashraf Z, Amir A, Saeed A, Ahmad A. Prevalence and molecular Characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in waste water samples from Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Rana E, Islam M, Das T, Dutta A, Ahad A, Biswas P, Barua H. Methicillin-resistant coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius circulating in dogs in Bangladesh. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Haq F, Sharif S, Khurshid A, Ikram A, Shabbir I, Salman M, Ahad A, Suleman Rana M, Raja A, Badar N, Tashkandi H, Al Amri T, Azhar EI, Almuhayawi MS, Harakeh S, Faraz Arshad Malik M. Reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-based diagnosis: A potential alternative to quantitative real-time PCR based detection of the novel SARS-COV-2 virus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:942-947. [PMID: 33424386 PMCID: PMC7785420 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of the novel Coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) resulted in significant challenges to global health systems. One of the primary challenges is rapid, reliable, and accurate detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus among the suspected COVID-19-infected individuals. At present, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a widely used diagnostic method. However, it requires expensive instruments and expertise in the interpretation of results. These constraints reflect the significant need for the development of alternative diagnostic options. This study will validate the use and efficiency of the reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay as a potential alternative for the detection of COVID-19. For this purpose, a cohort of 297 suspected COVID-19 patients was tested using both the RT-LAMP assay and the conventional RT-PCR method. For the RT-LAMP assay, three genes (orf-1ab, N, and S) were identified as the target sites for the detection of COVID-19. Based on a comparative assessment, 117 out of 124 positive COVID-19 cases were observed using the RT-LAMP technique with an overall 91.45% sensitivity. Interestingly, where a consensus on 163 individuals free of SARS-Cov-2 was observed, RT-LAMP specificity was 90%. Based on these findings, the robustness of the technique, and the reduced dependency on expensive instrumentation, RT-LAMP-based COVID-19 detection is strongly recommended as a potential alternative assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shabbir
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Ahad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aroosha Raja
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hanaa Tashkandi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al Amri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, KAU, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, KAU, Saudi Arabia.,Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, FM, KAU, Saudi Arabia
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Deb P, Das T, Nath C, Ahad A, Chakraborty P. Isolation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. from dogs in Chattogram Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:669-677. [PMID: 33409311 PMCID: PMC7774779 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Antibacterial resistance is a great concern in human and food animal medicine, and it poses a significant concern in pet animals like dogs. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. along with the carryover of some resistance genes in E. coli from dogs in the Chattogram metropolitan area, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Rectal swab (n = 50), nasal swab (n = 50), and skin swab (n = 50) samples were collected from dogs having respiratory infections, skin infections, and/or enteritis, respectively. Three types of bacteria were identified and isolated by conventional bacteriological techniques and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out against 12 antimicrobials by disk diffusion methods. Six resistance genes, namely blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, Sul-I, and Sul-II, were screened for phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates by the polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 39 (78%) E. coli, 25 (50%) Staphylococcus spp., and 24 (48%) Streptococcus spp. isolates were isolated from the rectal swab, nasal swab, and skin swab samples, respectively. In the cultural sensitivity test, the E. coli isolates showed resistance to ceftriaxone (79%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (64%). Doxycycline (80%) demonstrated the highest resistance among Staphylococcus isolates, followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (60%). Streptococcus isolates showed the highest resistance to penicillin (63%), followed by ceftriaxone (54%), while no isolate showed resistance to gentamycin. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, Sul-I, and Sul-II genes in phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates were 100%, 61.29%, 100%, 8.33%, 56%, and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: Spillover of such multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes from pet dogs pose a serious public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probir Deb
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tridip Das
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chandan Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Pankaj Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Islam K, Ahsan MM, Chakma S, Penjor K, Barua M, Jalal MS, Sabuj AAM, Ani ZT, Ahad A. An assessment on potential risk pathways for the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in backyard poultry farm in Bangladesh. Vet World 2020; 13:2104-2111. [PMID: 33281343 PMCID: PMC7704318 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2104-2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a deadly virus of zoonotic potential. The study mainly aims to determine the risk pathways (RPs) for the probable incursion of HPAI virus (HPAIV) in backyard poultry in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The study involves expert elicitation technique. The concept map determines the possible RPs. The map consists of 16 concepts, each with nodes from which probabilities of an event originates. These probabilities are described by qualitative descriptors ranging from negligible to high. Risk assessment has been performed using the subjective risk assessment tool. Results: The tool demonstrates positive correlation among groups of experts in the level of agreement by scoring RP; however, the level of agreement varies from 71% to 93% among group of experts. The median risk score of viral incursion through the “Exposure of backyard poultry with farm poultry in the trading market” was 11 and ranked as top, followed by “Contaminated live bird market environment” and “Sharing common scavenging space with migratory birds” (median risk score, 10.5; rank, 2), and “Scavenging of infected slaughtered poultry remnants by backyard poultry” (median risk score, 5.3; rank, 3) when no control options were applied along with the RPs. After applying or considering control option along with contaminated live bird market environment, the median risk score was reduced to 5.0. Applying a specific control option along with each RP reduced estimated median risk scores for HPAIV incursions. Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the incursion risks of HPAIV through various RPs in backyard poultry in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Islam
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Mohakhali-1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Murshidul Ahsan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585
| | - Shovon Chakma
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Mohakhali-1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kinley Penjor
- Bhutan Agriculture and Food Regulatory Authority, Bhutan
| | - Mukti Barua
- Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shah Jalal
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Tabassum Ani
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of social sciences, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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78
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Khan S, Akhtar K, Ahad A, Uppal J. Gingival squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 25:61-64. [PMID: 33642743 PMCID: PMC7904020 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_175_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) is a painful and debilitating condition seen mostly in an immunocompromised state. Although squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on gingiva is not uncommon, its presentation as a benign necrotizing lesion on gingiva is rare. Such presentations may lead to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. This report describes a case of a 34-year-old male presenting clinically with NUP around mandibular posterior teeth. Clinical features were misleading, but the histological findings established the diagnosis of well-differentiated SCC. Immunohistochemistry also showed features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition with decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression showing local invasion and metastasis. The patient was referred to the oncology department for evaluation of possible metastasis and further management of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khan
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, J N Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Dentistry, Palamu Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jaiti Uppal
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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79
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Hoque MA, Ahad A, Saifuddin AKM, Warner AE, Debnath NC, Sawkat Anwer M. Improvement of DVM Curriculum to Meet OIE Recommendations at Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh. J Vet Med Educ 2020; 47:48-57. [PMID: 32516078 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2019-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A veterinary education twinning project between Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) and Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine (TCSVM) was supported by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to align CVASU's veterinary curriculum with OIE's recommended Core Curriculum and Day 1 Competencies. The major objectives were curriculum development with improvement to the internship program, introduction of problem-based learning (PBL), and implementation of continuing education (CE). Major activities to achieve these objectives involved several workshops and seminars at CVASU and establishing student exchange and CVASU faculty training programs. Major accomplishments were (a) implementation of a revised Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) curriculum at CVASU aligned with the OIE-recommended curriculum and Day 1 Competencies; (b) incorporation of PBL into the curriculum and development of 23 PBL cases relevant to Bangladesh-specific diseases; (c) improvement of the internship program by including Day 1 Competencies; (d) development and implementation of 11 structured CE sessions including hands-on training; (e) improvement of curriculum, teaching, and clinical training at CVASU following training of CVASU faculty and students at TCSVM; and (f) three peer-reviewed publications from summer research projects by TCSVM students at CVASU. The twinning project allowed CVASU to improve its DVM curriculum by aligning with OIE's recommended curriculum and Day 1 Competencies. The impact of the project went beyond CVASU as evidenced by other veterinary schools adopting the CVASU curriculum and PBL, veterinary school deans engaged in improving veterinary curriculum and clinical training, and implementation of a national CE program for veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
| | - A K M Saifuddin
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
| | - Angeline E Warner
- Department of Environmental and Population Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - M Sawkat Anwer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
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Ahad A, Tahir M, Aman Sheikh M, Ahmed KI, Mughees A, Numani A. Technologies Trend towards 5G Network for Smart Health-Care Using IoT: A Review. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20144047. [PMID: 32708139 PMCID: PMC7411917 DOI: 10.3390/s20144047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart health-care is undergoing rapid transformation from the conventional specialist and hospital-focused style to a distributed patient-focused manner. Several technological developments have encouraged this rapid revolution of health-care vertical. Currently, 4G and other communication standards are used in health-care for smart health-care services and applications. These technologies are crucial for the evolution of future smart health-care services. With the growth in the health-care industry, several applications are expected to produce a massive amount of data in different format and size. Such immense and diverse data needs special treatment concerning the end-to-end delay, bandwidth, latency and other attributes. It is difficult for current communication technologies to fulfil the requirements of highly dynamic and time-sensitive health care applications of the future. Therefore, the 5G networks are being designed and developed to tackle the diverse communication needs of health-care applications in Internet of Things (IoT). 5G assisted smart health-care networks are an amalgamation of IoT devices that require improved network performance and enhanced cellular coverage. Current connectivity solutions for IoT face challenges, such as the support for a massive number of devices, standardisation, energy-efficiency, device density, and security. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of 5G assisted smart health-care solutions in IoT. We present a structure for smart health-care in 5G by categorizing and classifying existing literature. We also present key requirements for successful deployment of smart health-care systems for certain scenarios in 5G. Finally, we discuss several open issues and research challenges in 5G smart health-care solutions in IoT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.A.S.); (K.I.A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Mohammad Tahir
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.A.S.); (K.I.A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Muhammad Aman Sheikh
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.A.S.); (K.I.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Kazi Istiaque Ahmed
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.A.S.); (K.I.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Amna Mughees
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.A.S.); (K.I.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdullah Numani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
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Ahad A, Smita S, Mishra GP, Biswas VK, Sen K, Gupta B, Garcin D, Acha‐Orbea H, Raghav SK. NCoR1 fine‐tunes type‐I IFN response in cDC1 dendritic cells by directly regulating Myd88‐IRF7 axis under TLR9. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1959-1975. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Immuno‐genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) Bhubaneswar India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Immuno‐genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) Bhubaneswar India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Immuno‐genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) Bhubaneswar India
- School of Biotechnology Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Viplov Kumar Biswas
- Immuno‐genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) Bhubaneswar India
- School of Biotechnology Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Kaushik Sen
- Immuno‐genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) Bhubaneswar India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology NCR Biotech Science Cluster Faridabad India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School of Biotechnology Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Dominique Garcin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine University of Geneva (UNIGE) Geneva Switzerland
| | - Hans Acha‐Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL University of Lausanne (UNIL) Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Sunil K. Raghav
- Immuno‐genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) Bhubaneswar India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
- School of Biotechnology Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Bhubaneswar India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology NCR Biotech Science Cluster Faridabad India
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82
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Khan S, Rahman SZ, Ahad A. Local drug delivery of folic acid promotes oral mucosal wound healing. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:532-533. [PMID: 33384843 PMCID: PMC7770283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khan
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College & Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Syed Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Dentistry, Palamu Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:847-857. [PMID: 32048541 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1729446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats.Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg per day). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of losartan were evaluated without and with herbal treatment in hypertensive rats.Treatment of hypertensive rats with investigated herbs substantially reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of rats. Treatment of rats (n = 5) with L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan reduced SBP by 16.20% and 14.88% and DBP by 14.82% and 17.52% respectively after 12 h, as compared to L-NAME alone treated rats. In a pharmacokinetic study, the Cmax and AUC0-t of losartan in L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan treated rats was increased by 0.7, 1.99 and 1.51, 3.00 fold respectively in comparison to the Cmax and AUC0-t obtained for L-NAME plus losartan treated group. In conclusion, both the investigated herbs significantly increased the antihypertensive effect and plasma concentration of losartan in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. The current study predicted that the herb-drug interaction between H. sabdariffa-losartan and Z. officinale-losartan could occur; hence these results in rats may warrant further studies in humans, either in humans or in in vitro human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Nigella sativa and Fenugreek on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Amlodipine in Hypertensive Rats. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:318-325. [PMID: 32407268 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200514121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present article is related to in-vitro and in-vivo herb-drug interaction studies. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa and fenugreek on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of amlodipine. METHOD Hypertensive rats of group-I were treated with amlodipine and rats of group-II and III were treated with N. sativa, and N. sativa + amlodipine and fenugreek, and fenugreek + amlodipine, respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) of group-I, II and III rats were measured by the "tail-cuff system". RESULTS N. sativa, as well as fenugreek, reduced the SBP, DBP and MBP. Simultaneously, administration of fenugreek + amlodipine or N. sativa + amlodipine showed better control of BP. Individually, fenugreek, as well as N. sativa, showed a surprising reduction in the heart rate. There was no remarkable effect of any of these two herbs on Cmax, AUC0-t, Kel, and terminal elimination half-life of amlodipine, but fenugreek altered the Tmax of amlodipine significantly, from 2 ± 1.2h in control to 7.2 ± 1.7h in fenugreek treated group, probably by delaying the absorption. CONCLUSION Results of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics studies suggested that simultaneous administration of fenugreek or N. sativa with amlodipine improved the pharmacological response of amlodipine in hypertensive rats, though there was no remarkable change in pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Kel, elimination t1/2, and AUC0-t).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Abdullah Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammad Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ibrahim Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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85
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Khan S, Ahad A. Application of adjunct vitamin D supplementation in the management of periodontal disease: A three-pronged approach. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:534-535. [PMID: 33384844 PMCID: PMC7770248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of Nigella Sativa and Trigonella Foenum-graecum with losartan in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2544-2550. [PMID: 32994710 PMCID: PMC7499079 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to study whether Nigella Sativa and Trigonella Foenum-graecum, could modulate the losartan pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) in experimental L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. For in vivo study, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of rats was measured by the “tail-cuff system” after the treatment of rats with herb alone and herb + losartan in hypertensive rats. The SBP of rats treated with L-NAME + losartan also recorded. For the PK study, blood samples were obtained for up to 12 h to determine the concentrations of the drug, and various PK parameters were calculated. The data displayed that the SBP was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the rats when administered with L-NAME + N. Sativa or L-NAME + T. Foenum-graecum in contrast to the rats administered with L-NAME alone. A more prominent decline (p < 0.05) in SBP was detected in rats administered with L-NAME + N. Sativa + losartan and L-NAME + T. Foenum-graecum + losartan. In a PK study, higher losartan Cmax and AUC0-t were noted in rats treated with N. Sativa + losartan and T. Foenum-graecum + losartan, although the difference was not significant in contrast to the control group. This study proposed that the interaction between N. Sativa & losartan and T. Foenum-graecum & losartan could take place on concurrent administration; consequently, the dose of losartan may need to be accustomed when they are utilized simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Bin Jardan YA, Ansari MA, Raish M, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Al-Jenoobi FI, Haq N, Khan MR, Ahmad A. Sinapic Acid Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Acute Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via the NF- κB-Mediated Pathway. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:3921796. [PMID: 32258120 PMCID: PMC7085847 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3921796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored SA's activity against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and revealed its underlying mechanisms. Male Wistar rats (weight, 190-210g; n = 6) were randomly divided into four groups: group I, normal control; group II, DOX 15 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (ip) route; group III, administered DOX+SA 20 mg/kg; and group IV, administered DOX+captopril (CAP 30 mg/kg). SA and CAP were administered orally for seven days, and DOX (15 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally an hour before SA treatment on the fifth day. Forty-eight hours after DOX administration, animals were anesthetized and sacrificed for molecular and histology experiments. SA significantly mitigated the myocardial effects of DOX, and following daily administration, it reduced serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB to near normal values. Levels of oxidative stress markers, glutathione-peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, in the cardiac tissue were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde levels decreased after SA treatment in DOX-administered rats. Furthermore, DOX caused an inflammatory reaction by elevating the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and endothelin- (ET-) 1, as well as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) expression. Daily administration of SA significantly repressed TNF-α, IL-1β, ET-1, and NF-κB levels. caspase-3 and Bax expression, bcl-2-like protein and caspase-3 activities and levels. Overall, we found that SA could inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Alkharfy
- Department Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rashid Khan
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM, Jan BL, Ahad A, Ansari MA, Al-Jenoobi FI, Raish M. Thymoquinone treatment modulates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and abrogates the inflammatory response in an animal model of lung fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:53-63. [PMID: 32053036 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1726529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis (BMILF) and elucidates the target-signaling pathway for its effect. Lung fibrosis was induced in rats by a single intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (BM) (6.5 U/kg) followed by thymoquinone treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) for 28 days. Control rats received saline instead of TQ. Changes in body weight, inflammatory cells count, cytokines levels, and biochemical parameters of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were recorded. In addition, a histopathology examination and western blotting were performed on lung tissues. BM administration resulted in a significant weight loss, which was ameliorated by TQ treatment. BMILF was associated with a reduction in the antioxidant mechanisms and increased lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-7 expression, apoptotic markers (caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2), and fibrotic changes including TGF-β and hydroxyproline levels in lung tissues were evident. These abnormalities were diminished with TQ treatment. Likewise, altered total and differential cell count in BALF was significantly improved in rats treated with TQ. TQ also produced a dose-dependent reduction in the expressions of Nrf2, Ho-1 and TGF-β. These results propose that the Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathway is a principal target for TQ protective effect against BMILF in rats. Furthermore, TQ decreases inflammatory oxidative stress possibly through the modulation of nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) and thereby minimization of collagen deposition in the lung. Therefore, TQ can be developed as a potential therapeutic modularity in BMILF for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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89
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Moolakkadath T, Aqil M, Imam SS, Ahad A, Praveen A, Sultana Y, Ahmad S, Mujeeb M. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) Approach Based HPTLC Method for Quantification of Fisetin with Superior Recovery in Formulations. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180627145031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A stability indicating high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)
method was developed for the evaluation of fisetin (FIS) in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)
and marketed capsule formulation in accordance with the ICH guidelines.
Methods:
The mobile phase combination toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol (3: 5.5: 1: 0.5
v/v/v/v) was optimized with the aid of AQbD approach. The absorbance mode at 254 nm was chosen
for densitometric analysis as it gives a compact spot of FIS at Rf value of 0.74.
Results:
The R2 value obtained from the linear regression equation of calibration plots made by taking
the spot in the concentration range of 100-1400 ng/spot was found to be 0.9993. The observed LOD
and LOQ value was found to be 29.8 ng/spot and 98.5 ng/spot, respectively. The exposure of FIS to
various stress conditions revealed the fact that the drug is stable in photochemical and dry heat stress
conditions without any degradation. The drug-exposed to acidic, alkaline and oxidative stress was
found to be degraded into different degradation products with the highest degradation was found in
alkaline stress. All degradation products were observed to be fairly separated from well-resolved parent
peak of FIS.
Conclusion:
The developed HPTLC method have shown well-resolved peaks and also shown good
recovery in the compound FIS as well as FIS formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasleem Moolakkadath
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur- 247121. Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshiya Praveen
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd. Mujeeb
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Moolakkadath T, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Praveen A, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. Preparation and optimization of fisetin loaded glycerol based soft nanovesicles by Box-Behnken design. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119125. [PMID: 32036010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the development and optimization of glycerosomes for dermal delivery of fisetin. The fisetin loaded glycerosomes formulation was optimized by Box-Behnken design. The independent variables were the lipoid S 100, glycerol, and sonication time, whereas the dependent variables were the vesicles size, entrapment efficiency, and flux. The mechanism of skin penetration of fisetin loaded glycerosomes formulation was determined by the DSC and FTIR studies. Confocal scanning microscopy was used to detect the penetration ability of glycerosomes. The optimized fisetin loaded glycerosomes formulation was converted into a Carbopol® gel matrix, and the latter was analyzed for various parameters. The optimized formulation of glycerosomes presented vesicles size, entrapment efficiency and flux of 138.8 ± 4.09 nm, 86.41 ± 2.95% and 5.04 ± 0.17 µg/cm2/h, respectively. The transmission electron microscopy of optimized fisetin loaded formulation revealed the spherical and sealed structure of glycerosomes vesicles. The confocal study confirmed that the Rhodamine B incorporated glycerosomes penetrated up to deeper layers of skin. The DSC and FTIR studies revealed that the hydration of skin layers and skin lipid fluidization could be the penetration mechanism of fisetin glycerosomes formulation. The optimized fisetin loaded glycerosomes gel formulation presented a flux of 4.24 ± 0.14 μg/cm2/h, and exhibited zero-order release kinetics. The texture analysis of fisetin glycerosomes gel displayed a sufficient hardness, consistency, cohesiveness, and index of viscosity. It was concluded that the prepared fisetin loaded glycerosomes gel was suitable for the dermal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasleem Moolakkadath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road New, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road New, Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshiya Praveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road New, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road New, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road New, Delhi 110062, India
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91
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Alshehri S, Imam SS, Altamimi MA, Jafar M, Hassan MZ, Hussain A, Ahad A, Mahdi W. Host-guest complex of β-cyclodextrin and pluronic F127 with Luteolin: Physicochemical characterization, anti-oxidant activity and molecular modeling studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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92
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Singhal T, Mujeeb M, Ahad A, Aqil M, Rahman SO, Najmi AK, Siddiqui WA. Preparation, optimization and biological evaluation of gymnemic acid loaded niosomes against streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic-nephropathy in Wistar rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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93
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Ahad A, Shukla DK. A setup for Seebeck coefficient measurement through controlled heat pulses. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:116101. [PMID: 31779417 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A setup is designed for measuring the Seebeck coefficient (S) of materials in the form of thin films, bars, and wires. The main feature of this setup is its control in heating and cooling cycles. In this setup, a heat pulse is used to generate the temperature gradient. To demonstrate the capabilities of this setup, S versus T of standard wire samples such as Au-Fe (0.07%), chromel, Pt, and thin films of Pt and F doped SnO2 are presented. The standard uncertainty of the repeatability in the S measurement is found to be ∼±0.056 μV/K while the temperature stability is ∼±10 mK (at 320 K), estimated for a chromel wire sample. We have tested the setup in the temperature range 100 K-320 K, while it does not have any intrinsic limitations in going down to liquid He temperatures. For temperatures above 320 K, the limitation is due to gluing materials such as varnish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - D K Shukla
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore 452001, India
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94
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Sarker MS, Ahad A, Ghosh SK, Mannan MS, Sen A, Islam S, Bayzid M, Bupasha ZB. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in deer and nearby water sources at Safari parks in Bangladesh. Vet World 2019; 12:1578-1583. [PMID: 31849419 PMCID: PMC6868268 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1578-1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The emergence and rapid dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in different ecosystems is a growing concern to human health, animal health, and the environment in recent years. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from deer and nearby water sources at two different Safari parks in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods A number of 55 fresh fecal samples of deer and six water samples from nearby lakes were collected from two Safari parks. Samples were processed, cultured, and carried out biochemical tests for E. coli. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. To identify the resistance genes, polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results A total of 32 E. coli isolates from 55 fecal samples and 6 of 6 E. coli isolates from lake water were isolated. From fecal E. coli isolates, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole were 90.63% (n=29/32) resistant and 87.5% (n=28/32) were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. High resistance was also observed to other antibiotics. On the contrary, all E. coli isolates from water sources were 100% (n=6/6) resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. MDR was revealed in all water samples, whereas 96.88% (n=31/32) was found in fecal isolates. A number of bla TEM, tet A, and Sul2 genes were detected from both isolates. Conclusion This study for the 1st time highlights, a significant proportion of E. coli isolates in wildlife deer and nearby water sources were MDR in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Samun Sarker
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Saurav Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahriar Mannan
- Department of Livestock Services, Upazila Livestock Office, Thakurgaon Sadar, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh
| | - Arup Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Sirazul Islam
- Department of Livestock Services, Upazila Livestock Office, Mithamain, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bayzid
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Zamila Bueaza Bupasha
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
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95
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Brunton LA, Desbois AP, Garza M, Wieland B, Mohan CV, Häsler B, Tam CC, Le PNT, Phuong NT, Van PT, Nguyen-Viet H, Eltholth MM, Pham DK, Duc PP, Linh NT, Rich KM, Mateus ALP, Hoque MA, Ahad A, Khan MNA, Adams A, Guitian J. Identifying hotspots for antibiotic resistance emergence and selection, and elucidating pathways to human exposure: Application of a systems-thinking approach to aquaculture systems. Sci Total Environ 2019; 687:1344-1356. [PMID: 31412468 PMCID: PMC6905156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture systems are highly complex, dynamic and interconnected systems influenced by environmental, biological, cultural, socio-economic and human behavioural factors. Intensification of aquaculture production is likely to drive indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat or prevent disease and increase productivity, often to compensate for management and husbandry deficiencies. Surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic usage (ABU) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) is often lacking or absent. Consequently, there are knowledge gaps for the risk of ABR emergence and human exposure to ABR in these systems and the wider environment. The aim of this study was to use a systems-thinking approach to map two aquaculture systems in Vietnam - striped catfish and white-leg shrimp - to identify hotspots for emergence and selection of resistance, and human exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. System mapping was conducted by stakeholders at an interdisciplinary workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam during January 2018, and the maps generated were refined until consensus. Thereafter, literature was reviewed to complement and cross-reference information and to validate the final maps. The maps and component interactions with the environment revealed the grow-out phase, where juveniles are cultured to harvest size, to be a key hotspot for emergence of ABR in both systems due to direct and indirect ABU, exposure to water contaminated with antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and duration of this stage. The pathways for human exposure to antibiotics and ABR were characterised as: occupational (on-farm and at different handling points along the value chain), through consumption (bacterial contamination and residues) and by environmental routes. By using systems thinking and mapping by stakeholders to identify hotspots we demonstrate the applicability of an integrated, interdisciplinary approach to characterising ABU in aquaculture. This work provides a foundation to quantify risks at different points, understand interactions between components, and identify stakeholders who can lead and implement change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Brunton
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Andrew P Desbois
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Maria Garza
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Barbara Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Clarence C Tam
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore.
| | - Phuc Nguyen Thien Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University HCMC, Đông Hoà, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 street, Xuân Khánh, Ninh Kiều, Cần Thơ, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Đình Bảng, Từ Sơn, Bắc Ninh, Viet Nam.
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Mahmoud M Eltholth
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El Guish St., Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Dang Kim Pham
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Phuc Pham Duc
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Đức Thắng, Phường Đức Thắng, Đông Ngạc, Bắc Từ Liêm, Hà Nội, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Tuong Linh
- School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University HCMC, Đông Hoà, Thủ Đức, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Karl M Rich
- International Livestock Research Institute, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Ana L P Mateus
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
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Ghosh SK, Bupasha ZB, Nine HSMZ, Sen A, Ahad A, Sarker MS. Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from captive Bengal tigers at Safari parks in Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:341-345. [PMID: 31583230 PMCID: PMC6760496 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was carried out to assess the antibiotic resistance and to identify the resistance genes in Escherichia coli from captive Bengal tigers at two Safari parks in Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS A number of 24 environmental fecal swab samples of Bengal tigers were collected from two different Safari parks in Bangladesh. For the isolation of E. coli, samples were submitted to a number of bacteriological screening and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. RESULTS Results demonstrated that 18 environmental fecal samples were positive to E. coli in bacteriological screening and biochemical test. The overall prevalence of E. coli in Bengal tiger was 75% (n = 18/24). The antibiogram study unveiled that all the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were 89% (n = 16/18) resistant. On the contrary, 100% (n = 18/18) of the isolates were sensitive to colistin sulfate. bla TEM was detected in 78% (n = 14/18) ampicillin-resistant isolates, whereas sul2 was found in 31% (n = 5/16) of the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant isolates. CONCLUSION This study, first time in Bangladesh, highlights a significant proportion of environmental fecal samples from captive Bengal tigers at Safari parks harboring antibiotic resistant E. coli. Transmission of resistant E. coli from Bengal tigers to humans and the environment could pose a public health risk at Safari parks in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Zamila Bueaza Bupasha
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Arup Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Ferdous J, Bradshaw A, Islam SKMA, Zamil S, Islam A, Ahad A, Fournie G, Anwer MS, Hoque MA. Antimicrobial Residues in Chicken and Fish, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Ecohealth 2019; 16:429-440. [PMID: 31302809 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional observation and an intervention study were conducted in Chittagong, Bangladesh in 2015 to assess the status of antimicrobial residues in chicken and fish. The samples were tested for selected antimicrobials (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin) using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The TLC-based overall prevalence of residues was 87.9% in chicken (N = 182) and 56.9% in fish (N = 153). The prevalences in chicken in June (N = 91) and in October (N = 91), respectively, were 91.2% and 83.5% (amoxicillin), 1.1% and 1.1% (enrofloxacin), 1.1% and 0% (ciprofloxacin), and 0% and 6.6% (oxytetracycline). In fish, the prevalence in September (N = 74) and in October (N = 79) was 52.7% and 44.3% (amoxicillin) and 1.4% and 27.8% (oxytetracycline), respectively. The mean concentration of amoxicillin residue was evaluated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to be 508.4 mg/kg (chicken) and 515.4 mg/kg (fish). The random effect model identified market (Chawkbazar vs. Boalkhali: OR 5.7; Steelmill bazar vs. Boalkhali: OR 5.6) as significant factors for amoxicillin residue in chicken. Amoxicillin concentration was significantly reduced in chicken of Kazirhat (β= - 1.3) and Chawkbazar (β= - 1.1) and increased in October (β= 0.77) based on a generalized linear model (GLM). Climbing perch fish had significantly more risk of having amoxicillin residue than that of Bombay duck (OR = 0.05). All samples were treated by washing, boiling and cooking with spices, and then, TLC-based screening of amoxicillin residues was done. A subset of each treated group was evaluated by UHPLC. Treatment reduced amoxicillin residue levels significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnat Ferdous
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alyson Bradshaw
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - S K M Azizul Islam
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Shafayat Zamil
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Guillaume Fournie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - M Sawkat Anwer
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh.
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Ahad A, Stevanin M, Smita S, Mishra GP, Gupta D, Waszak S, Sarkar UA, Basak S, Gupta B, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. NCoR1: Putting the Brakes on the Dendritic Cell Immune Tolerance. iScience 2019; 19:996-1011. [PMID: 31522122 PMCID: PMC6744395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms fine-tuning immunogenic versus tolerogenic balance in dendritic cells (DCs) is of high importance for therapeutic approaches. We found that NCoR1-mediated direct repression of the tolerogenic program in conventional DCs is essential for induction of an optimal immunogenic response. NCoR1 depletion upregulated a wide variety of tolerogenic genes in activated DCs, which consequently resulted in increased frequency of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Mechanistically, NCoR1 masks the PU.1-bound super-enhancers on major tolerogenic genes after DC activation that are subsequently bound by nuclear factor-κB. NCoR1 knockdown (KD) reduced RelA nuclear translocation and activity, whereas RelB was unaffected, providing activated DCs a tolerogenic advantage. Moreover, NCoR1DC−/- mice depicted enhanced Tregs in draining lymph nodes with increased disease burden upon bacterial and parasitic infections. Besides, adoptive transfer of activated NCoR1 KD DCs in infected animals showed a similar phenotype. Collectively, our results demonstrated NCoR1 as a promising target to control DC-mediated immune tolerance. NCoR1 directly represses tolerogenic program in mouse cDCs Depletion of NCoR1 in cDCs enhanced Treg development ex vivo and in vivo NCoR1 masks PU.1-bound super-enhancers on tolerogenic genes in cDCs NCoR1DC−/− animals depicted enhanced Treg frequency and infection load
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mathias Stevanin
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sebastian Waszak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Uday Aditya Sarkar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland.
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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Waheed A, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Moolakkadath T, Iqbal Z, Ali A. Improved bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride using limonene containing transdermal nano-sized vesicles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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100
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Ali A, Ali S, Aqil M, Imam SS, Ahad A, Qadir A. Thymoquinone loaded dermal lipid nano particles: Box Behnken design optimization to preclinical psoriasis assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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