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Kishore N, Krow-Lucal E, Diop OM, Jorba J, Avagnan T, Grabovac V, Kfutwah AK, Johnson T, Joshi S, Sangal L, Sharif S, Wahdan A, Tallis GF, Kovacs SD. Surveillance To Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, 2022-2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024; 73:278-285. [PMID: 38573841 PMCID: PMC10997045 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7313a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The reliable and timely detection of poliovirus cases through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), supplemented by environmental surveillance of sewage samples, is a critical component of the polio eradication program. Since 1988, the number of polio cases caused by wild poliovirus (WPV) has declined by >99.9%, and eradication of WPV serotypes 2 and 3 has been certified; only serotype 1 (WPV1) continues to circulate, and transmission remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. This surveillance update evaluated indicators from AFP surveillance, environmental surveillance for polioviruses, and Global Polio Laboratory Network performance data provided by 28 priority countries for the program during 2022-2023. No WPV1 cases have been detected outside of Afghanistan and Pakistan since August 2022, when an importation into Malawi and Mozambique resulted in an outbreak during 2021-2022. During 2022-2023, among 28 priority countries, 20 (71.4%) met national AFP surveillance indicator targets, and the number of environmental surveillance sites increased. However, low national rates of reported AFP cases in priority countries in 2023 might have resulted from surveillance reporting lags; substantial national and subnational AFP surveillance gaps persist. Maintaining high-quality surveillance is critical to achieving the goal of global polio eradication. Monitoring surveillance indicators is important to identifying gaps and guiding surveillance-strengthening activities, particularly in countries at high risk for poliovirus circulation.
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Rafaqat S, Radoman Vujačić I, Gluscevic S, Sharif S, Klisic A. Biomarkers of diabetes: role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:1524-1540. [PMID: 38436186 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes is increasing day by day and commonly co-exist with a longer duration of diabetes and poor control, putting the individual at higher risk of AF. This review article presented some traditional and novel biomarkers related to AF in patients with diabetes mellitus. The literature review employed several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The investigation was finished on October 30, 2023. Many terms are utilized, including "AF", "Biomarkers", "Diabetes Mellitus", and "Pathogenesis". There are numerous biomarkers of diabetes, but this review article reports only leptin, adiponectin, glycated hemoglobin, ceramide, ferritin, fibrinogen, hematological indices, interleukin-18, thrombospondin 1, acylcarnitine, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, since those biomarkers play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AF. However, no data was found, including fructosamine, glycated albumin, 1,5 anhydroglucitol, fetuin-A, α-hydroxybutyrate, mannose-binding lectin serine peptidase, transferrin, IL-1 receptor antagonist in AF. Understanding the interplay between diabetes and AF through the measurement of relevant biomarkers can contribute to better risk assessment, early detection, and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for individuals at risk or already affected by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rafaqat
- Department of Zoology (Molecular Physiology), Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Stehling-Ariza T, Wilkinson AL, Diop OM, Jorba J, Asghar H, Avagnan T, Grabovac V, Johnson T, Joshi S, Kfutwah AKW, Sangal L, Sharif S, Wahdan A, Tallis GF, Kovacs SD. Surveillance To Track Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Worldwide, 2021-2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:613-620. [PMID: 37289657 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7223a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by >99.9%, and WPV serotypes 2 and 3 have been declared eradicated (1). By the end of 2022, WPV type 1 (WPV1) transmission remained endemic only in Afghanistan and Pakistan (2,3). However, during 2021-2022, Malawi and Mozambique reported nine WPV1 cases that were genetically linked to Pakistan (4,5), and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 42 countries (6). cVDPVs are oral poliovirus vaccine-derived viruses that can emerge after prolonged circulation in populations with low immunity allowing reversion to neurovirulence and can cause paralysis. Polioviruses are detected primarily through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), and poliovirus is confirmed through stool specimen testing. Environmental surveillance, the systematic sampling of sewage and testing for the presence of poliovirus, supplements AFP surveillance. Both surveillance systems were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on public health activities during 2020 (7,8) but improved in 2021 (9). This report updates previous reports (7,9) to describe surveillance performance during 2021-2022 in 34 priority countries.* In 2022, a total of 26 (76.5%) priority countries met the two key AFP surveillance performance indicator targets nationally compared with 24 (70.6%) countries in 2021; however, substantial gaps remain in subnational areas. Environmental surveillance expanded to 725 sites in priority countries, a 31.1% increase from the 553 sites reported in 2021. High-quality surveillance is critical to rapidly detect poliovirus transmission and enable prompt poliovirus outbreak response to stop circulation. Frequent monitoring of surveillance guides improvements to achieve progress toward polio eradication.
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Sharif F, Crothers E, Sharif S, Power E, Amjad B. What Makes a Great Clinical Teacher: Trainer and Trainees Perspective. Ir Med J 2023; 116:760. [PMID: 37555558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
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Nazemi N, Rajabi N, Aslani Z, Kharaziha M, Kasiri-Asgarani M, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Najafinezhad A, Ismail AF, Sharif S, Berto F. Synthesis and characterization of gentamicin loaded ZSM-5 scaffold: Cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:979-991. [PMID: 36454961 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221140672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Porous structure, biocompatibility and biodegradability, large surface area, and drug-loading ability are some remarkable properties of zeolite structure, making it a great possible option for bone tissue engineering. Herein, we evaluated the potential application of the ZSM-5 scaffold encapsulated GEN with high porosity structure and significant antibacterial properties. The space holder process has been employed as a new fabrication method with interconnected pores and suitable mechanical properties. In this study, for the first time, ZSM-5 scaffolds with GEN drug-loading were fabricated with the space holder method. The results showed excellent open porosity in the range of 70-78% for different GEN concentrations and appropriate mechanical properties. Apatite formation on the scaffold surface was determined with Simulation body fluid (SBF), and a new bone-like apatite layer shaping on all samples confirmed the in vitro bioactivity of ZSM-5-GEN scaffolds. Also, antibacterial properties were investigated against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The incorporation of various amounts of GEN increased the inhibition zone from 24 to 28 (for E. coli) and 26 to 37 (for S. aureus). In the culture with MG63 cells, great cell viability and high cell proliferation after 7 days of culture were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nazemi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - N Rajabi
- Department of Materials Engineering, 48456Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Z Aslani
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - M Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, 48456Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Kasiri-Asgarani
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - H R Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - A Najafinezhad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, 201564Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), 54702Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S Sharif
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 54702Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - F Berto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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Aslani Z, Nazemi N, Rajabi N, Kharaziha M, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Kasiri-Asgarani M, Najafinezhad A, Ismail AF, Sharif S, Berto F. Antibacterial Activity and Cell Responses of Vancomycin-Loaded Alginate Coating on ZSM-5 Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15144786. [PMID: 35888255 PMCID: PMC9318858 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant advancement in bone tissue engineering, it is still challenging to find a desired scaffold with suitable mechanical and biological properties, efficient bone formation in the defect area, and antibacterial resistivity. In this study, the zeolite (ZSM-5) scaffold was developed using the space holder method, and a novel vancomycin-loaded alginate coating was developed on it to promote their characteristics. Our results demonstrated the importance of alginate coating on the microstructure, mechanical, and cellular properties of the ZSM-5 scaffold. For instance, a three-fold increase in the compressive strength of coated scaffolds was observed compared to the uncoated ZSM-5. After the incorporation of vancomycin into the alginate coating, the scaffold revealed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The inhibition zone increased to 35 mm. Resets also demonstrated 74 ± 2.5% porosity, 4.3 ± 0.07 MPa strength in compressive conditions, acceptable cellular properties (72.3 ± 0.2 (%control) cell viability) after 7 days, good cell attachment, and calcium deposition. Overall, the results revealed that this scaffold could be a great candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Aslani
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (Z.A.); (N.N.); (M.K.-A.); (A.N.)
| | - N. Nazemi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (Z.A.); (N.N.); (M.K.-A.); (A.N.)
| | - N. Rajabi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - M. Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
| | - H. R. Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (Z.A.); (N.N.); (M.K.-A.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
| | - M. Kasiri-Asgarani
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (Z.A.); (N.N.); (M.K.-A.); (A.N.)
| | - A. Najafinezhad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; (Z.A.); (N.N.); (M.K.-A.); (A.N.)
| | - A. F. Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - S. Sharif
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - F. Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (H.R.B.-R.); (F.B.)
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Mendes A, Whiteman A, Bullard K, Sharif S, Khurshid A, Alam MM, Salman M, Ford V, Blair T, Burns CC, Ehrhardt D, Jorba J, Hsu CH. Spatial analysis of genetic clusters and epidemiologic factors related to wild poliovirus type 1 persistence in Afghanistan and Pakistan. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000251. [PMID: 36962349 PMCID: PMC10021910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Following the certification of the World Health Organization Region of Africa as free of serotype 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) in 2020, Afghanistan and Pakistan represent the last remaining WPV1 reservoirs. As efforts continue in these countries to progress to eradication, there is an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics and epidemiological risk factors associated with continual WPV1 circulation in the region. Using poliovirus surveillance data from 2017-2019, we used pairwise comparisons of VP1 nucleotide sequences to illustrate the spatiotemporal WPV1 dispersal to identify key sources and destinations of potentially infected, highly mobile populations. We then predicted the odds of WPV1 detection at the district level using a generalized linear model with structural indicators of health, security, environment, and population demographics. We identified evidence of widespread population mobility based on WPV1 dispersal within and between the countries, and evidence indicating five districts in Afghanistan (Arghandab, Batikot, Bermel, Muhamandara and Nawzad) and four districts in Pakistan (Charsada, Dera Ismail Khan, Killa Abdullah and Khyber) act as cross-border WPV1 circulation reservoirs. We found that the probability of detecting WPV1 in a district increases with each armed conflict event (OR = 1·024, +- 0·008), level of food insecurity (OR = 1·531, +-0·179), and mean degrees Celsius during the months of greatest precipitation (OR = 1·079, +- 0·019). Our results highlight the multidisciplinary complexities contributing to the continued transmission of WPV1 in Afghanistan and Pakistan. We discuss the implications of our results, stressing the value of coordination during this final chapter of the wild polio virus eradication initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Mendes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- DRT Strategies Inc., Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ari Whiteman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Peraton, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelley Bullard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- IHRC Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Vanessa Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Taisha Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cara C. Burns
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Derek Ehrhardt
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jaume Jorba
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Hsu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Chakrabarti S, Benrud R, Chau J, Hall W, Shreenivas A, Erickson B, Peterson C, Ridolfi T, Miller J, Banerjee A, Thomas J, Sharif S, Fei N, Ludwig K, Olshan P, Palsuledesai C, Malhotra M, Jurdi A, Aleshin A, Kasi P. P-39 Utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to assess tumor response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abbas M, Arshad M, Rafique M, Altalhi A, Saleh D, Ayub M, Sharif S, Riaz M, Alshawwa S, Masood N, Nazir A, Iqbal M. Chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol membranes with improved antibacterial properties contained Calotropis procera extract as a robust wound healing agent. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Khattak Z, Shah AA, Zaidi SSZ, Mahmood N, Alam MM, Sharif S, Akhtar R, Arshid Y, Rana MS. Isolation and molecular characterization of Adenovirus in suspected acute flaccid paralysis patients: A preliminary report from Pakistan. Arch Virol 2022; 167:483-491. [PMID: 34982213 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) usually cause asymptomatic or mild infection, but infrequently, they are responsible for various severe syndromes including neurological disorders. Various research studies have investigated the association of HAdVs with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of HAdVs and their association with AFP. Stool samples from patients ≤ 12 years of age with suspected AFP were collected from all over Pakistan within the framework of poliovirus surveillance. Poliovirus- and enterovirus-negative samples were screened for HAdVs. For virus isolation, the human epithelial cell line HEp-2c was used, culture-positive samples were screened by nested PCR assay, and partial hexon gene sequences were used for genotype identification. Out of 172 samples, 94 were positive by virus isolation, 89 were positive by PCR, and 32 isolates were genotyped successfully. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HAdVs belonged to species A (HAdV-A12 and A31), B (HAdV-B3 and B7), C (HAdV-C1 and C6), D (HAdV-D19 and D93), and F (HAdV-F41), showing 99-100% nucleotide sequence identity and 98.3-100% amino acid sequence identity). Most of these genotypes have been reported previously in AFP cases, but this is the first report of the detection of HAdV-D93 in stool samples from AFP cases. The detection of a significant fraction of the HAdVs genotypes indicates that these genetically distinct genotypes are circulating in Pakistan and suggests their possible role in the pathogenesis of AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Khattak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Mahmood
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Ribqa Akhtar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman Rana
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.
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Alam MM, Ikram A, Mahmood N, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Fatmi Q, Angez M, Khurshid A, Rehman L, Akhtar R, Mujtaba G, Arshad Y, Rana MS, Yousaf A, Zaidi SSZ, Salman M. Antigenic structure of wild poliovirus type 1 strains endemic in Pakistan is highly conserved and completely neutralized by Sabin's Oral Polio Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2021; 226:843-851. [PMID: 34791319 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elimination of poliovirus in Pakistan and Afghanistan is challenged by notions against the role of oral polio vaccine in eradicating contemporary wild poliovirus strains. METHODS 1,055 WPV1 strains isolated between 2013-2018 were categorized into 68 antigenic groups and tested for neutralization by OPV derived antibodies. Molecular docking was conducted to determine neutralization efficiency of antibodies against wild poliovirus. The clinical significance of WPV1 variants was assessed to ascertain their role in patient's outcome. RESULTS We found that 88% of WPV1 strains isolated from paralytic children belonged to a single antigenic lineage identical to WPV1 strain detected in 1993. WPV1 antigenic variants were effectively neutralized by OPV derived antibodies with geometric mean titers comparable to the neutralization titers found for three strains in OPV (OPV1-3: 7.96-9.149, 95%CI: 6.864-10.171; WPV1 strains: 7.542-8.786, 95%CI: 6.493-9.869). Docking examination underscored a strong antigen-antibody interaction despite variations within the VP1 epitopes. No significant association (p-value = 0.78) of clinical prognosis was inferred among patients infected with antigenically diverse WPV1 strains and patients' outcome including death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings substantiate the robustness of OPV to neutralize the contemporary WPV1 strains endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The vaccination coverage must be augmented to achieve eradication early on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Mahmood
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Fatmi
- COMSATS University, Park road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rehman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ribqa Akhtar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman Rana
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Yousaf
- COMSATS University, Park road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Radhwan H, Sharif S, Shayfull Z, Suhaimi MA, l-hadj A, Khushairi MTM. Thermal-Transient Analysis for Cooling Time on New Formulation of Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC) as Mold Inserts. Arab J Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharif S, Ikram A, Khurshid A, Salman M, Mehmood N, Arshad Y, Ahmed J, Safdar RM, Rehman L, Mujtaba G, Hussain J, Ali J, Angez M, Alam MM, Akthar R, Wasif Malik M, Iqbal Baig MZ, Suleman Rana M, Usman M, Qaisar Ali M, Ahad A, Badar N, Umair M, Tamim S, Ashraf A, Tahir F, Ali N. Detection of SARs-CoV-2 in wastewater using the existing environmental surveillance network: A potential supplementary system for monitoring COVID-19 transmission. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249568. [PMID: 34185787 PMCID: PMC8241060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARs-CoV-2. The virus is transmitted from person to person through droplet infections i.e. when infected person is in close contact with another person. In January 2020, first report of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces, has made it clear that human wastewater might contain this virus. This may illustrate the probability of environmentally facilitated transmission, mainly the sewage, however, environmental conditions that could facilitate faecal oral transmission is not yet clear. We used existing Pakistan polio environment surveillance network to investigate presence of SARs-CoV-2 using three commercially available kits and E-Gene detection published assay for surety and confirmatory of positivity. A Two-phase separation method is used for sample clarification and concentration. An additional high-speed centrifugation (14000Xg for 30 min) step was introduced, prior RNA extraction, to increase viral RNA yield resulting a decrease in Cq value. A total of 78 wastewater samples collected from 38 districts across Pakistan, 74 wastewater samples from existing polio environment surveillance sites, 3 from drains of COVID-19 infected areas and 1 from COVID 19 quarantine center drainage, were tested for presence of SARs-CoV-2. 21 wastewater samples (27%) from 13 districts turned to be positive on RT-qPCR. SARs-COV-2 RNA positive samples from areas with COVID 19 patients and quarantine center strengthen the findings and use of wastewater surveillance in future. Furthermore, sequence data of partial ORF 1a generated from COVID 19 patient quarantine center drainage sample also reinforce our findings that SARs-CoV-2 can be detected in wastewater. This study finding indicates that SARs-CoV-2 detection through wastewater surveillance has an epidemiologic potential that can be used as supplementary system to monitor viral tracking and circulation in cities with lower COVID-19 testing capacity or heavily populated areas where door-to-door tracing may not be possible. However, attention is needed on virus concentration and detection assay to increase the sensitivity. Development of highly sensitive assay will be an indicator for virus monitoring and to provide early warning signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmaan Sharif
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Yasir Arshad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Ahmed
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Lubna Rehman
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Johar Ali
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ribqa Akthar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdul Ahad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Tamim
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asiya Ashraf
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Tahir
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Ali
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Akhtar R, Mahmood N, Alam MM, Naeem M, Zaidi SSZ, Sharif S, Khattak Z, Arshad Y, Khurshid A, Mujtaba G, Rehman L, Angez M, Shaukat S, Mushtaq N, Umair M, Ikram A, Salman M. Genetic Epidemiology Reveals 3 Chronic Reservoir Areas With Recurrent Population Mobility Challenging Poliovirus Eradication in Pakistan. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:e58-e67. [PMID: 31665247 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is among 3 countries endemic for wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) circulation that are still struggling for eradication of poliomyelitis. Active clinical and environmental surveillance with meticulous laboratory investigations provide insights into poliovirus transmission patterns and genomic diversity to inform decisions for strategic operations required to achieve eradication. METHODS We analyzed epidemiological and virological data to comprehend the current epidemiological status of WPV1 in Pakistan during 2015-2017. Stool specimens of patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and sewage samples collected from 60 environmental sites were tested. Viral culturing, intratypic differentiation by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid sequencing of the VP1 region of the poliovirus genome to determine genetic relatedness among WPV1 strains were applied. RESULTS Poliovirus isolates were grouped into 11 distinct clusters, which had ≥95% nucleotide homology in the VP1 coding region. Most of the poliovirus burden was shared by 3 major reservoirs: Karachi, Peshawar, and Quetta block (64.2% in 2015, 75.4% in 2016, and 76.7% in 2017). CONCLUSIONS Environmental surveillance reveals importations and pockets of unimmunized children that dictate intensive target mop-up campaigns to contain poliovirus transmission. A decrease in the number of orphan isolates reflects effective combination of AFP and environmental surveillance in Pakistan. The genetic data reflect sustained transmission within reservoir areas, further expanded by periodic importations to areas of high immunity reflected by immediate termination of imported viruses. Improved immunization coverage with high-quality surveillance is vital for global certification of polio eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribqa Akhtar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Mahmood
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Khattak
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rehman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Mushtaq
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Umair M, Ikram A, Salman M, Khurshid A, Alam M, Badar N, Suleman R, Tahir F, Sharif S, Montgomery J, Whitmer S, Klena J. Whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 reveals the detection of G614 variant in Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248371. [PMID: 33755704 PMCID: PMC7987156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide including Pakistan. During the pandemic, whole genome sequencing has played an important role in understanding the evolution and genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2. Although an unprecedented number of SARS-CoV-2 full genomes have been submitted in GISAID and NCBI, data from Pakistan is scarce. We report the sequencing, genomic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of five SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from patients in Pakistan. The oropharyngeal swabs of patients that were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 through real-time RT-PCR at National Institute of Health, Pakistan, were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Sequencing was performed using NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep kit for Illumina (NEW ENGLAND BioLabs Inc., MA, US) and Illumina iSeq 100 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, US). Based on whole-genome analysis, three Pakistani SARS-CoV-2 strains clustered into the 20A (GH) clade along with the strains from Oman, Slovakia, United States, and Pakistani strain EPI_ISL_513925. The two 19B (S)-clade strains were closely related to viruses from India and Oman. Overall, twenty-nine amino acid mutations were detected in the current study genome sequences, including fifteen missense and four novel mutations. Notably, we have found a D614G (aspartic acid to glycine) mutation in spike protein of the sequences from the GH clade. The G614 variant carrying the characteristic D614G mutation has been shown to be more infectious that lead to its rapid spread worldwide. This report highlights the detection of GH and S clade strains and G614 variant from Pakistan warranting large-scale whole-genome sequencing of strains prevalent in different regions to understand virus evolution and to explore their genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massab Umair
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Masroor Alam
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Suleman
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Tahir
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Joel Montgomery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shannon Whitmer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Klena
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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16
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Sharif S, Zaheer S, Mumtaz MW, Sahin O, Ahmad S, Zulfiqar S, Adnan A, Khan IU. Synthesis, Crystal Structures of Gadolinium(III) and Erbium(III) Complexes Derived from Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxylic Acid and Fluorescent Sensing of Picric Acid. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328420120076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Haq F, Sharif S, Khurshid A, Ikram A, Shabbir I, Salman M, Ahad A, Suleman Rana M, Raja A, Badar N, Tashkandi H, Al Amri T, Azhar EI, Almuhayawi MS, Harakeh S, Faraz Arshad Malik M. Reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)-based diagnosis: A potential alternative to quantitative real-time PCR based detection of the novel SARS-COV-2 virus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:942-947. [PMID: 33424386 PMCID: PMC7785420 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of the novel Coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) resulted in significant challenges to global health systems. One of the primary challenges is rapid, reliable, and accurate detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) virus among the suspected COVID-19-infected individuals. At present, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a widely used diagnostic method. However, it requires expensive instruments and expertise in the interpretation of results. These constraints reflect the significant need for the development of alternative diagnostic options. This study will validate the use and efficiency of the reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay as a potential alternative for the detection of COVID-19. For this purpose, a cohort of 297 suspected COVID-19 patients was tested using both the RT-LAMP assay and the conventional RT-PCR method. For the RT-LAMP assay, three genes (orf-1ab, N, and S) were identified as the target sites for the detection of COVID-19. Based on a comparative assessment, 117 out of 124 positive COVID-19 cases were observed using the RT-LAMP technique with an overall 91.45% sensitivity. Interestingly, where a consensus on 163 individuals free of SARS-Cov-2 was observed, RT-LAMP specificity was 90%. Based on these findings, the robustness of the technique, and the reduced dependency on expensive instrumentation, RT-LAMP-based COVID-19 detection is strongly recommended as a potential alternative assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shabbir
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Ahad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aroosha Raja
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Badar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hanaa Tashkandi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al Amri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, KAU, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, KAU, Saudi Arabia.,Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, FM, KAU, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Iqtedar MD, Riaz H, Kaleem A, Abdullah R, Aihetasham A, Naz S, Sharif S. Biosynthesis, optimization and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Bacillus cereus MN181367 and their antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. RMIQ 2020. [DOI: 10.24275/rmiq/bio1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Arshad Y, Mahmood N, Zaidi SSZ, Sharif S, Ikram A, Alam MM, Ali MQ, Usman M, Akhtar R, Hassan M, Salman M, Adil N, Rana MS. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmic secretions. J Infect 2020; 82:e25-e26. [PMID: 32853603 PMCID: PMC7445145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Arshad
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | - Ribqa Akhtar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Naveed Adil
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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20
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Kato Y, Liew BS, Sufianov AA, Rasulic L, Arnautovic KI, Dong VH, Florian IS, Olldashi F, Makhambetov Y, Isam B, Thu M, Enkhbayar T, Kumarasinghe N, Bajamal AH, Nair S, Sharif S, Sharma MR, Landeiro JA, Yampolsky CG, El-Ghandour NMF, Hossain AM, Sim S, Chemate S, Burhan H, Feng L, Andrade H, Germano IM. Correction to: Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries. Chin Neurosurg J 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32925985 PMCID: PMC7444201 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B. S. Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A. A. Sufianov
- Federal State-Financed Institution “Federal Centre of Neurosurgery” of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Rasulic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K. I. Arnautovic
- Semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA
| | - V. H. Dong
- Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I. S. Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County Romania
| | - F. Olldashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - B. Isam
- Federal State-Financed Institution “Federal Centre of Neurosurgery” of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - M. Thu
- Neurosurgical Centre, Yangon General Hospital, Yangoon, Myanmar
| | - Ts. Enkhbayar
- Mongolian Neurosurgical Society, Ulaabaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - A. H. Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - S. Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Sharif
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Medical Sciences, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. R. Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J. A. Landeiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - C. G. Yampolsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. M. F. El-Ghandour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 81 Nasr Road, Nasr City, Cairo Egypt
| | - A. M. Hossain
- Bangladesh Society of Neurosurgeons, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. Sim
- Khema Clinic, 18 Street, Phnom Penh, 528 Cambodia
| | - S. Chemate
- DNB Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Hira Burhan
- Institute of Neurosciences, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - L. Feng
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - H. Andrade
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Juha Hernesniemi International Center for Neurosurgery, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Elad O, Uribe-Diaz S, Losada-Medina D, Yitbarek A, Sharif S, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC. Epigenetic effect of folic acid (FA) on the gene proximal promoter area and mRNA expression of chicken B cell as antigen presenting cells. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:725-733. [PMID: 32705890 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1799332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated and characterised the effect of folic acid (FA) on chromosomal DNA methylation and the epigenetic result on gene expression control mechanisms in chicken B cells as a model of antigen presenting cells. 2. After FA supplementation, the methylation pattern on the proximal promoter area and mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2b, TLR4, B cell receptor (BCR) immunoglobulin (Ig) β and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II β chain genes in chicken B cells was observed 3. Chicken B cell line (DT40) cultures were incubated with 0, 1.72 or 3.96 mM of FA for 4 and 8 h and samples were taken at specific time points. After 4 h of incubation, cells were challenged with 0, 1 or 10 µg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and samples were collected 4 h post-challenge. 4. FA supplementation modified the methylation patterns of the proximal promoter regions of TLR4, Igß, and MHCII ß chain at 4 and 8 hours of incubation; however, the single CpG dinucleotide of TLR2b remained methylated regardless of the treatment. 5. A positive association was found between FA concentration and percentage DNA methylation on the promoter area of Igβ and TLR2b. However, there was a negative association between FA and MHCII β chain. 6. There were downregulatory effects in TLR4, Igß and MHCII ß chain gene expression after 8 h of incubation, nut not at 4 h. Although incubation time did not affect TLR2b gene expression, FA concentration did, whereby it increased TLR2b expression at 1.72 mM FA (P < 0.05). 7. LPS significant downregulated TLR2b expression, while an interaction between FA and LPS concentration affected TLR4 and Igβ gene expression. 8. In conclusion, the results showed that FA can have an immunomodulatory effect on chicken B cells, possibly affecting their ability to both recognise antigens through the TLR and BCR pathways, and to present it via the MHCII presentation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Elad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College , Charlottetown, Canada
| | - S Uribe-Diaz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College , Charlottetown, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - D Losada-Medina
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College , Charlottetown, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - A Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College , Charlottetown, Canada
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22
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Kato Y, Liew BS, Sufianov AA, Rasulic L, Arnautovic KI, Dong VH, Florian IS, Olldashi F, Makhambetov Y, Isam B, Thu M, Enkhbayar T, Kumarasinghe N, Bajamal AH, Nair S, Sharif S, Sharma MR, Landeiro JA, Yampolsky CG, El-Ghandour NMF, Hossain AM, Sim S, Chemate S, Burhan H, Feng L, Andrade H, Germano IM. Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries. Chin Neurosurg J 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 32922948 PMCID: PMC7398343 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast. Despite being one of the latest medical specialties, which appeared only around hundred years ago, it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods, macro and micro surgical techniques, and treatment modalities. Unfortunately, this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries. The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training, which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured, competence-based programs with various teaching methods being utilized, in recent times. A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education. Fortunately, most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice. In context to this understanding, a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Special World Congress Beijing 2019. This symposium was the brain child of Prof. Yoko Kato—one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons. Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries. This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations, with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B S Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A A Sufianov
- Federal State-Financed Institution "Federal Centre of Neurosurgery" of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Rasulic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K I Arnautovic
- Semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA
| | - V H Dong
- Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc university hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I S Florian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County Romania
| | - F Olldashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - B Isam
- Federal State-Financed Institution "Federal Centre of Neurosurgery" of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tyumen, Russia
| | - M Thu
- Neurosurgical Centre, Yangon General Hospital, Yangoon, Myanmar
| | - Ts Enkhbayar
- Mongolian Neurosurgical Society, Ulaabaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - A H Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - S Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Sharif
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Medical Sciences, Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M R Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, TU Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J A Landeiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - C G Yampolsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N M F El-Ghandour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 81 Nasr Road, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Hossain
- Bangladesh Society of Neurosurgeons, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Sim
- Khema Clinic, 18 Street, Phnom Penh, 528 Cambodia
| | - S Chemate
- DNB Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Hira Burhan
- Institute of Neurosciences, Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - L Feng
- China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - H Andrade
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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23
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Sharif S, Visseren FLJ, Spiering W, de Jong PA, Bots ML, Westerink J. Arterial stiffness as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2019; 36:1125-1132. [PMID: 30920676 PMCID: PMC6767543 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To quantify the risk of different non-invasive arterial stiffness measurements with macrovascular disease and all-cause mortality in high-risk people with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1910 people with Type 2 diabetes included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial artery pulse pressure, normal range (≥0.9) ankle-brachial index and carotid artery distension. Cox regression was used to evaluate the effects of arterial stiffness on risk of cardiovascular events (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular mortality) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 380 new cardiovascular events and 436 deaths occurred during a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 7.5 (4.1-11.0) years. A 10-mmHg higher brachial pulse pressure was related to higher hazard of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16). A 0.1-point lower ankle-brachial index within the normal range was related to a higher hazard of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.31). A one-unit (10-3 ×kPa-1 ) lower carotid artery distensibility coefficient was related to a higher hazard of vascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07). CONCLUSION Increased arterial stiffness, as measured by either increased pulse pressure, normal-range ankle-brachial index or carotid artery distensibility coefficient, is related to increased hazard of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharif
- Department of Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - F. L. J. Visseren
- Department of Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - W. Spiering
- Department of Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - P. A. de Jong
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. L. Bots
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - J. Westerink
- Department of Vascular MedicineUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Sharif S, Jacquiet P, Prevot F, Grisez C, Raymond‐Letron I, Semin MO, Geffré A, Trumel C, Franc M, Bouhsira É, Liénard E. Stomoxys calcitrans, mechanical vector of virulent Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle to susceptible rabbit. Med Vet Entomol 2019; 33:247-255. [PMID: 30666684 PMCID: PMC6850491 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cattle besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) is a re-emerging disease in Europe. Its mechanical transmission by biting flies has not been investigated since the 1960s. The aim of this study was to re-examine the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit virulent B. besnoiti bradyzoites from chronically infected cows to susceptible rabbits. Three batches of 300 stable flies were allowed to take an interrupted bloodmeal on chronically infected cows, followed by an immediate bloodmeal on three rabbits (Group B). A control group of rabbits and a group exposed to the bites of non-infected S. calcitrans were included in the study. Blood quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, and clinical, serological and haematological surveys were performed in the three groups over 152 days until the rabbits were killed. Quantitative PCR analyses and histological examinations were performed in 24 tissue samples per rabbit. Only one rabbit in Group B exhibited clinical signs of the acute phase of besnoitiosis (hyperthermia, weight loss, regenerative anaemia and transient positive qPCR in blood) and was seroconverted. Parasite DNA was detected in four tissue samples from this rabbit, but no cysts were observed on histological examination. These findings indicate that S. calcitrans may act as a mechanical vector of B. besnoiti more efficiently than was previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharif
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - P. Jacquiet
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - F. Prevot
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - C. Grisez
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - I. Raymond‐Letron
- Département Santé Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, ENVT, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1031Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - M. O. Semin
- Département Santé Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - A. Geffré
- Département Sciences Cliniques Des Animaux De Compagnie, Équipe de Biologie Médicale‐Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, INSERM, ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - C. Trumel
- Département Sciences Cliniques Des Animaux De Compagnie, Équipe de Biologie Médicale‐Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, INSERM, ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - M. Franc
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - É. Bouhsira
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - E. Liénard
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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25
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Sharif S, Sharif S, Oh H. Cryptogenic Cirrhosis: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Despite the Absence of Risk Factors? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mahmood N, Khurram M, Khan M, Umar M, Sharif S, Alam M. Characteristics of Probable Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Patients: Perspective From Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.24911/ijmdc.51-1544507442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Kroiss SJ, Ahmadzai M, Ahmed J, Alam MM, Chabot-Couture G, Famulare M, Mahamud A, McCarthy KA, Mercer LD, Muhammad S, Safdar RM, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Shukla H, Lyons H. Assessing the sensitivity of the polio environmental surveillance system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208336. [PMID: 30592720 PMCID: PMC6310268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polio environmental surveillance (ES) system has been an incredible tool for advancing polio eradication efforts because of its ability to highlight the spatial and temporal extent of poliovirus circulation. While ES often outperforms, or is more sensitive than AFP surveillance, the sensitivity of the ES system has not been well characterized. Fundamental uncertainty of ES site sensitivity makes it difficult to interpret results from ES, particularly negative results. METHODS AND FINDINGS To study ES sensitivity, we used data from Afghanistan and Pakistan to examine the probability that each ES site detected the Sabin 1, 2, or 3 components of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) as a function of virus prevalence within the same district (estimated from AFP data). Accounting for virus prevalence is essential for estimating site sensitivity because Sabin detection rates should vary with prevalence-high immediately after supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), but low in subsequent months. We found that most ES sites in Pakistan and Afghanistan are highly sensitive for detecting poliovirus relative to AFP surveillance in the same districts. For example, even when Sabin poliovirus is at low prevalence of ~0.5-3% in AFP surveillance, most ES sites have ~34-50% probability of detecting Sabin. However, there was considerable variation in ES site sensitivity and we flagged several sites for re-evaluation based on low sensitivity rankings and low wild polio virus detection rates. In these areas, adding new sites or modifying collection methods in current sites could improve sensitivity of environmental surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Relating ES detections to virus prevalence significantly improved our ability to evaluate site sensitivity compared to evaluations based solely on ES detection rates. To extend our approach to new sites and regions, we provide a preliminary framework for relating ES and AFP detection rates, and descriptions of how detection rates might relate to SIAs and natural seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve J. Kroiss
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | - Maiwand Ahmadzai
- National Emergency Operations Centre for Polio Eradication, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Jamal Ahmed
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Michael Famulare
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | - Abdirahman Mahamud
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Emergency Operations Centre for Polio Eradication, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kevin A. McCarthy
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | - Laina D. Mercer
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
| | - Salman Muhammad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana M. Safdar
- National Emergency Operations Centre for Polio Eradication, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hemant Shukla
- National Emergency Operations Centre for Polio Eradication, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hil Lyons
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, WA, United States of America
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28
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Sharif S, Bots ML, Schalkwijk C, Stehouwer CDA, Visseren FLJ, Westerink J. Association between bone metabolism regulators and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1245-1252. [PMID: 30017437 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) play an important role in the development of vascular calcifications, but it is unclear whether these bone metabolism regulators contribute to the development of arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. We therefore aim to determine the relationship between plasma concentrations of OPN, ON, OC and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1003 type 2 diabetes patients included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART)-cohort. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relation between plasma levels of OPN, ON and OC and arterial stiffness as measured by pulse pressure (PP), ankle-brachial index (ABI) (≥0.9), carotid artery distension and an arterial stiffness summary score. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, kidney function, diabetes duration and diastolic blood pressure. Higher OPN plasma levels were significantly related to a lower ABI (β-0.013; 95%CI -0.024 to -0.002) and a higher arterial stiffness summary score (OR1.24; 95%CI 1.03-1.49). OPN levels were not related to PP (β 0.59; 95%CI -0.63-1.81) or absolute carotid artery distention (β -7.03; 95%CI -20.00-5.93). ON and OC plasma levels were not related to any of the arterial stiffness measures. CONCLUSION Only elevated plasma levels of OPN are associated with increased arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes as measured by the ankle-brachial index and arterial stiffness summary score. These findings indicate that OPN may be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and call for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharif
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hsu C, Mahamud A, Safdar M, Nikulin J, Jorba J, Bullard K, Agbor J, Kader M, Sharif S, Ahmed J, Ehrhardt D. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Pakistan, January 2017-September 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:1242-1245. [PMID: 30408024 PMCID: PMC6223954 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6744a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes, only WPV type 1 (WPV1) has been reported in polio cases or detected from environmental surveillance globally since 2012. Pakistan remains one of only three countries worldwide (the others are Afghanistan and Nigeria) that has never had interrupted WPV1 transmission. This report documents Pakistan's activities and progress toward polio eradication during January 2017-September 2018 and updates previous reports (1,2). In 2017, Pakistan reported eight WPV1 cases, a 60% decrease from 20 cases in 2016. As of September 18, 2018, four cases had been reported, compared with five cases at that time in 2017. Nonetheless, in 2018, WPV1 continues to be isolated regularly from environmental surveillance sites, primarily in the core reservoir areas of Karachi, Quetta, and Peshawar, signifying persistent transmission. Strategies to increase childhood immunity have included an intense schedule of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), expanding and refining deployment of community-based vaccination implemented by community health workers recruited from the local community in reservoir areas, and strategic placement of permanent transit points where vaccination is provided to mobile populations. Interruption of WPV1 transmission will require further programmatic improvements throughout the country with a focus on specific underperforming subdistricts in reservoir areas.
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30
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Majumdar M, Sharif S, Klapsa D, Wilton T, Alam MM, Fernandez-Garcia MD, Rehman L, Mujtaba G, McAllister G, Harvala H, Templeton K, Mee ET, Asghar H, Ndiaye K, Minor PD, Martin J. Environmental Surveillance Reveals Complex Enterovirus Circulation Patterns in Human Populations. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy250. [PMID: 30377626 PMCID: PMC6201154 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroviruses are common human pathogens occasionally associated with severe disease, notoriously paralytic poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus. Other enterovirus serotypes such as enterovirus A71 and D68 have been linked to severe neurological syndromes. New enterovirus serotypes continue to emerge, some believed to be derived from nonhuman primates. However, little is known about the circulation patterns of many enterovirus serotypes and, in particular, the detailed enterovirus composition of sewage samples. Methods We used a next-generation sequencing approach analyzing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction products synthesized directly from sewage concentrates. Results We determined whole-capsid genome sequences of multiple enterovirus strains from all 4 A to D species present in environmental samples from the United Kingdom, Senegal, and Pakistan. Conclusions Our results indicate complex enterovirus circulation patterns in human populations with differences in serotype composition between samples and evidence of sustained and widespread circulation of many enterovirus serotypes. Our analyses revealed known and divergent enterovirus strains, some of public health relevance and genetically linked to clinical isolates. Enteroviruses identified in sewage included vaccine-derived poliovirus and enterovirus D-68 stains, new enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 genogroups indigenous to Pakistan, and many strains from rarely reported serotypes. We show how this approach can be used for the early detection of emerging pathogens and to improve our understanding of enterovirus circulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Majumdar
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dimitra Klapsa
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wilton
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward T Mee
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Humayun Asghar
- World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Philip D Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, United Kingdom
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31
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Komocsi A, Sharif S, Kehl D, Molnar Z, Vorobcsuk A. P3447Mortality and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation; network meta-analysis of real world data. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Komocsi
- University of Pécs, Heart Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - S Sharif
- University of Pécs, Heart Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - D Kehl
- University of Pécs, Heart Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Molnar
- Kaposi Mόr Teaching Hospital, Dept of Cardiology, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - A Vorobcsuk
- Kaposi Mόr Teaching Hospital, Dept of Cardiology, Kaposvar, Hungary
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Zaidi SSZ, Hameed A, Ali N, Rana MS, Umair M, Alam MM, Aamir UB, Khurshid A, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Mujtaba G, Arshad Y, Akthar R, Sufian MM, Mehmood N. Epidemiological and molecular investigation of a measles outbreak in Punjab, Pakistan, 2013-2015. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1297-1303. [PMID: 29704426 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, the measles virus continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Molecular characterization of wild-type measles strains is an invaluable component of epidemiological studies or surveillance systems that provides important information pertinent to outbreak linkages and transmission pathways. Serum samples and throat swabs were collected from suspected measles cases from the Punjab province of Pakistan (2013-2015) and further tested for measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for molecular characterization. Among the total of 5415 blood samples, 59% tested positive for measles IgM. Males had a higher infection rate (55%) than females (45%), and the highest frequency of positive cases (63%) was found in the age group of 0 to 5 years. Partial sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene showed that 27 strains belonged to the B3 genotype, whereas 2 viruses were identified as D4. On phylogenetic analysis, Pakistani B3 strains were found to be closely related to previously reported indigenous strains and those from neighboring countries of Iran and Qatar. This is the first report on the detection of the measles B3 genotype from Punjab, Pakistan. The current study shows a high burden of measles infections in Punjab province owing to poor routine immunization coverage in major cities. It is imperative that national health authorities adopt strategic steps on an urgent basis for improvement of routine immunization coverage. Molecular epidemiology of the measles viruses circulating in different parts of the country can provide useful data to manage future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biological sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | | | - Uzma Bashir Aamir
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | - Ribqa Akthar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nayab Mehmood
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Chak Shahzad, Pakistan
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33
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Zhou NA, Fagnant-Sperati CS, Shirai JH, Sharif S, Zaidi SZ, Rehman L, Hussain J, Agha R, Shaukat S, Alam M, Khurshid A, Mujtaba G, Salman M, Safdar RM, Mahamud A, Ahmed J, Khan S, Kossik AL, Beck NK, Matrajt G, Asghar H, Bandyopadhyay AS, Boyle DS, Meschke JS. Evaluation of the bag-mediated filtration system as a novel tool for poliovirus environmental surveillance: Results from a comparative field study in Pakistan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200551. [PMID: 30011304 PMCID: PMC6047795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance (ES) plays an important role in the global eradication program and is crucial for monitoring silent PV circulation especially as clinical cases decrease. This study compared ES results using the novel bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) with the current two-phase separation method. From February to November 2016, BMFS and two-phase samples were collected concurrently from twelve sites in Pakistan (n = 117). Detection was higher in BMFS than two-phase samples for each Sabin-like (SL) PV serotype (p<0.001) and wild PV type 1 (WPV1) (p = 0.065). Seventeen sampling events were positive for WPV1, with eight discordant in favor of BMFS and two in favor of two-phase. A vaccine-derived PV type 2 was detected in one BMFS sample but not the matched two-phase. After the removal of SL PV type 2 (SL2) from the oral polio vaccine in April 2016, BMFS samples detected SL2 more frequently than two-phase (p = 0.016), with the last detection by either method occurring June 12, 2016. More frequent PV detection in BMFS compared to two-phase samples is likely due to the greater effective volume assayed (1620 mL vs. 150 mL). This study demonstrated that the BMFS achieves enhanced ES for all PV serotypes in an endemic country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Angela Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Christine Susan Fagnant-Sperati
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jeffry Hiroshi Shirai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lubna Rehman
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rahim Agha
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Masroor Alam
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Rana Muhammed Safdar
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdirahman Mahamud
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Ahmed
- World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Khan
- PATH, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Lynn Kossik
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nicola Koren Beck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Graciela Matrajt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - John Scott Meschke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Sharif S, Rashid S, Atta A, Irshad A, Riaz M, Shahid M, Mustafa G. Phenolics, tocopherols and fatty acid profiling of wild and commercial mushrooms from Pakistan. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:863-867. [PMID: 30043568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms can be used as nutraceutical or functional foods to maintain and promote good health. In the present study, wild Ganoderma lucidum and four commercial mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, Hericium erinaceus and Lentinus edodes, collected from Pakistan were screened for phenolics, tocopherols and fatty acid contents. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of phenolic acids showed that chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-Coumaric and caffeic acids were observed in selected mushrooms. H. erinaceus contained high amounts of chlorogenic acid (11.49±0.1 µ/g of dry weight) and ferulic acid (7.84±0.7 µg/g of dry weight). γ-tocopherol and lutein were present in all studied mushrooms. Lutein contents were higher in H. erinaceus (2.42±0.087 µg/g of DW) followed by V. volvacea> P. ostreatus> L. edodes. γ-tocopherol was observed in the range of 74.25±3.01 to 29.65±1.2 µg/g of dry weight. GC/MS analysis of fatty acids showed that linoleic acid (18:2n6c), oleic acid (18:1n9c), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), linolenic acid (18:3n3) and nonadecanoic acid (C19-0), were the main fatty acids found in selected mushrooms. The unsaturated fatty acids were predominated over saturated fatty acids. It is concluded that selected mushrooms are good sources of antioxidant compounds and unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharif
- College of Biosystem, Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - S Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Atta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - G Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Harun W, Manam N, Kamariah M, Sharif S, Zulkifly A, Ahmad I, Miura H. A review of powdered additive manufacturing techniques for Ti-6al-4v biomedical applications. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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O'Reilly KM, Verity R, Durry E, Asghar H, Sharif S, Zaidi SZ, Wadood MZM, Diop OM, Okayasu H, Safdar RM, Grassly NC. Population sensitivity of acute flaccid paralysis and environmental surveillance for serotype 1 poliovirus in Pakistan: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:176. [PMID: 29653509 PMCID: PMC5899327 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To support poliomyelitis eradication in Pakistan, environmental surveillance (ES) of wastewater has been expanded alongside surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). ES is a relatively new method of surveillance, and the population sensitivity of detecting poliovirus within endemic settings requires estimation. Methods Data for wild serotype 1 poliovirus from AFP and ES from January 2011 to September 2015 from 14 districts in Pakistan were analysed using a multi-state model framework. This framework was used to estimate the sensitivity of poliovirus detection from each surveillance source and parameters such as the duration of infection within a community. Results The location and timing of poliomyelitis cases showed spatial and temporal variability. The sensitivity of AFP surveillance to detect serotype 1 poliovirus infection in a district and its neighbours per month was on average 30.0% (95% CI 24.8–35.8) and increased with the incidence of poliomyelitis cases. The average population sensitivity of a single environmental sample was 59.4% (95% CI 55.4–63.0), with significant variation in site-specific estimates (median varied from 33.3–79.2%). The combined population sensitivity of environmental and AFP surveillance in a given month was on average 98.1% (95% CI 97.2–98.7), assuming four samples per month for each site. Conclusions ES can be a highly sensitive supplement to AFP surveillance in areas with converging sewage systems. As ES for poliovirus is expanded, it will be important to identify factors associated with variation in site sensitivity, leading to improved site selection and surveillance system performance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3070-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M O'Reilly
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Robert Verity
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elias Durry
- World Health Organization Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Asghar
- World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Z Zaidi
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ousmane M Diop
- Polio, Emergencies and Country Collaboration Cluster, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hiro Okayasu
- Polio, Emergencies and Country Collaboration Cluster, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rana M Safdar
- National Emergency Operation Centre, Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations & Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nicholas C Grassly
- Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Yitbarek A, Alkie T, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Astill J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Parkinson J, Nagy É, Sharif S. Gut microbiota modulates type I interferon and antibody-mediated immune responses in chickens infected with influenza virus subtype H9N2. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:417-427. [PMID: 29380643 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Commensal gut microbes play a critical role in shaping host defences against pathogens, including influenza viruses. The current study was conducted to assess the role and mechanisms of action of commensal gut microbiota on the innate and antibody-mediated responses of layer chickens against influenza virus subtype H9N2. A total of 104 one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were assigned to either of the four treatments, which included two levels of antibiotics treatment (ABX- and ABX+) and two levels of H9N2 virus infection (H9N2- and H9N2+). At day 17 of age, chickens in the H9N2+ group were infected via the oral-nasal route with 400 μl of 107 TCID50/ml (200 μl/each route). Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 post-infection (p.i.) for virus shedding, tissue samples at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h p.i. for mRNA measurement, and serum samples at days 7 and 14 p.i. for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and IgG antibodies were collected. Virus shedding analysis showed that antibiotic treated (depleted)-H9N2 virus infected chickens showed a significantly higher oropharyngeal virus shedding at all time points, and cloacal shedding at days 3 and 5 p.i. compared to control treated (undepleted)-H9N2 infected chickens. Analysis of mRNA expression showed that infection of depleted chickens with H9N2 virus resulted in significantly down-regulated type I interferon responses both in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts compared to undepleted-H9N2 infected chickens. However, antibody-mediated immune response analysis showed a significantly higher HI antibody titre and IgG levels in the serum of chickens depleted with antibiotics and infected with H9N2 virus compared to undepleted-H9N2 infected chickens. In conclusion, findings from the current study suggest that the gut microbiota of chickens plays an important role in the initiation of innate responses against influenza virus infection, while the antibody-mediated immune response remains unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yitbarek
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T Alkie
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K Taha-Abdelaziz
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.,3 Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - J Astill
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- 2 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, PEI, C1A 3P4 Canada
| | - J Parkinson
- 4 Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada.,5 Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,6 Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - É Nagy
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Sharif
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Irshad A, Sharif S, Riaz M, Anjum F. An insight into nutritional profile of selected Pleurotus species. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2018; 32:107-113. [PMID: 29504373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for good quality food indicates that consumers are more concerned about a particular diet associated with good health and lower risk for certain ailments. Mushrooms are widely used as healthy nutritious food. In the present study, the nutritional composition of four different Pleurotus sp. was determined. Prior to extraction, all the selected mushrooms were subjected for proximate composition analysis. The protein, fat, ash, total carbohydrate, fiber and energy contents were in the range of (16.07- 25.15%), (0.64-2.02%), (2.1-9.14%), (65.66-82.47%), (6.21-54.12%) and (342.20-394.30Kcal/100g), respectively. The spectrophotometric analysis showed that the concentration of protein was in the range of 45.78-33.47 mg/g in all Pleurotus sp. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of sugars showed six different mono and disaccharides in all the selected mushrooms. The fatty acid profile by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the main fatty acids in selected mushrooms were present in the order linoliec acid> oleic acid> palmitic acid. The results suggested that all the Pleurotus sp. could be considered as a rich source of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan
| | - S Sharif
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University-China
| | - M Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sargodha-Pakistan
| | - F Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Government College University, Faisalabad-Pakistan
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Elhamidi Y, Mahamud A, Safdar M, Al Tamimi W, Jorba J, Mbaeyi C, Hsu CH, Wadood Z, Sharif S, Ehrhardt D. Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Pakistan, January 2016-September 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:1276-1280. [PMID: 29166363 PMCID: PMC5769788 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6646a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Among the three wild poliovirus serotypes, only wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 (WPV1) has been detected since 2012. Since 2014, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria remain the only countries with continuing endemic WPV1 transmission. This report describes activities conducted and progress made toward the eradication of poliovirus in Pakistan during January 2016-July 2017 and provides an update to previous reports (1,2). In 2016, Pakistan reported 20 WPV1 cases, a 63% decrease compared with 54 cases in 2015 (3). As of September 25, 2017, five WPV1 cases have been reported in 2017, representing a 69% decline compared with 16 cases reported during the same period in 2016 (Figure 1). During January-September 2017, WPV1 was detected in 72 of 468 (15%) environmental samples collected, compared with 36 of 348 (9%) samples collected during the same period in 2016. WPV1 was detected in environmental samples in areas where no polio cases are being reported, which indicates that WPV1 transmission is continuing in some high-risk areas. Interruption of WPV transmission in Pakistan requires maintaining focus on reaching missed children (particularly among mobile populations), continuing community-based vaccination, implementing the 2017-2018 National Emergency Action Plan (4), and improving routine immunization services.
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Zaidi SSZ, Hameed A, Suleman Rana M, Alam MM, Umair M, Aamir UB, Hussain M, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Khurshid A. Identification of measles virus genotype B3 associated with outbreaks in Islamabad, Pakistan, 2013-2015. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:540-545. [PMID: 29129527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles virus infection remains a significant cause of childhood mortality and morbidity despite continued global efforts and the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Molecular analysis of indigenous measles viruses could provide critical information on outbreak linkages and transmission pathways that can aid the implementation of appropriate control programs in Pakistan. METHODS Blood samples and throat swabs were collected from subjects suspected with measles in Islamabad, Pakistan from 2013 to 2015. Serum samples were tested for the presence of measles immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while throat swabs were used for the isolation (Vero/SLAM cell line) and subsequent characterization and phylogenetic analysis of measles strains. RESULTS Of 373 blood samples, 66% tested positive for measles IgM. Male subjects were more often infected (58%) than female (42%) with the highest frequency of positive cases (63%) in the 0-5-years age group. Among the positive cases, only 13% had received one or two doses of the measles vaccine, while 87% were unvaccinated. Of 80 throat swabs, 29 (36%) showed a measles virus-specific cytopathic effect (CPE) and were characterized as genotype B3 through partial sequencing of the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the Pakistani B3 strains to be closely related to strains from neighboring countries (Iran and Afghanistan) as well as with B3 viruses from the USA, Germany, and the UK. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that despite the availability of an effective vaccine, the burden of measles infections is very high in Pakistan due to poor routine immunization coverage even in major cities, including the capital city of Islamabad. It is imperative that national health authorities take urgent strategic steps to improve routine immunization and implement adequate molecular identification methods to tackle future measles outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Z Zaidi
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman Rana
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad M Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma B Aamir
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Umair M, Abbasi BH, Nisar N, Alam MM, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Rana MS, Khurshid A, Mujtaba G, Aamir UB, Zaidi SSZ. Molecular analysis of group A rotaviruses detected in hospitalized children from Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2014. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2017; 53:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sharif S, Braenzel J, Schnürer M, Prasad R, Borghesi M, Tikhonchuk V, Ter-Avetisyan S. Gated ion spectrometer for spectroscopy of neutral particles. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:083303. [PMID: 28863627 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new design of an ion mass spectrometer for the laser-plasma particle diagnostic, which is capable to detect simultaneously also neutral particles, is described. The particles are detected with micro-channel-plate detector operating in a gated mode. This allows us to separate x-rays and energetic electrons from other stray plasma emissions, e.g., neutral particles, which hit the detector in the same place. The ion energies are measured with the spectrometer in energy intervals corresponding to their time-of-flight within the gating window. The latter also defines the energy interval of neutrals recorded with the same time-of-flight. The spectrum of neutral particles can be reconstructed by subsequently collecting different parts of the spectrum while applying different delays on the gate pulse. That separation-in-time technique (time-of-flight mass spectrometry) in combination with the spatially separating mass analyzer (ion mass spectrometer) is used for the neutral particles spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharif
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - J Braenzel
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - M Schnürer
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - R Prasad
- Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - M Borghesi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7-1NN, United Kingdom
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
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Cowger TL, Burns CC, Sharif S, Gary HE, Iber J, Henderson E, Malik F, Zahoor Zaidi SS, Shaukat S, Rehman L, Pallansch MA, Orenstein WA. The role of supplementary environmental surveillance to complement acute flaccid paralysis surveillance for wild poliovirus in Pakistan - 2011-2013. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180608. [PMID: 28742803 PMCID: PMC5526532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than 99% of poliovirus infections are non-paralytic and therefore, not detected by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Environmental surveillance (ES) can detect circulating polioviruses from sewage without relying on clinical presentation. With extensive ES and continued circulation of polioviruses, Pakistan presents a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of ES as a supplement to AFP surveillance on overall completeness and timeliness of poliovirus detection. Methods Genetic, geographic and temporal data were obtained for all wild poliovirus (WPV) isolates detected in Pakistan from January 2011 through December 2013. We used viral genetics to assess gaps in AFP surveillance and ES as measured by detection of ‘orphan viruses’ (≥1.5% different in VP1 capsid nucleotide sequence). We compared preceding detection of closely related circulating isolates (≥99% identity) detected by AFP surveillance or ES to determine which surveillance system first detected circulation before the presentation of each polio case. Findings A total of 1,127 WPV isolates were detected by AFP surveillance and ES in Pakistan from 2011–2013. AFP surveillance and ES combined exhibited fewer gaps (i.e., % orphan viruses) in detection than AFP surveillance alone (3.3% vs. 7.7%, respectively). ES detected circulation before AFP surveillance in nearly 60% of polio cases (200 of 346). For polio cases reported from provinces conducting ES, ES detected circulation nearly four months sooner on average (117.6 days) than did AFP surveillance. Interpretation Our findings suggest ES in Pakistan is providing earlier, more sensitive detection of wild polioviruses than AFP surveillance alone. Overall, targeted ES through strategic selection of sites has important implications in the eradication endgame strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori L. Cowger
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cara C. Burns
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication Initiative, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Howard E. Gary
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jane Iber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Henderson
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Farzana Malik
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication Initiative, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Shaukat
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication Initiative, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rehman
- WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio Eradication Initiative, Department of Virology, National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mark A. Pallansch
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Walter A. Orenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Suleman M, Faryal R, Alam MM, Khurshid A, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Umair M, Sufian MM, Arshad Y, Inam T, Zaidi SSZ. Outbreak of dengue virus type-3 in Malakand, Pakistan 2015; A laboratory perspective. Acta Trop 2017; 169:202-206. [PMID: 28219668 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of dengue fever was reported in Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan during 2015. Detection of viral RNA by real-time PCR confirmed dengue virus serotype-3 (DENV-3) to be the causative agent causing the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial E-NS1 gene sequences showed that the DENV-3 viruses belonged to genotype III with maximum homology with the dengue-3 strains previously reported from Pakistan and India. Our current report provides updated information on molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of dengue virus serotypes responsible for 2015 outbreak in KP.
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Anwar N, Arshad A, Nadeem M, Sharif S, Shan S, Khurram S, Fatima N, Shamsi T. Clinicohematological and Cytogenetic Profile of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Pakistan – Compare and Contrast. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Suleman M, Lee HW, Zaidi SSZ, Alam MM, Nisar N, Aamir UB, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Khurshid A, Angez M, Umair M, Mujtaba G, Faryal R. "Preliminary Seroepidemiological survey of dengue infections in Pakistan, 2009-2014". Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:48. [PMID: 28274279 PMCID: PMC5343310 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever, a vector borne infection which causes self-limiting to life threatening disease in humans. A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the current epidemiology of dengue virus in Pakistan which is now known as a dengue endemic country after its first reported outbreak in 1994. Methods To investigate the prevalence of dengue virus in Pakistan during 2009-2014, a total of 9,493 blood samples were screened for the detection of anti-dengue IgM antibodies using ELISA. Clinical and demographic features available with hospital records were reviewed to ascertain mortalities related to dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome. Results Out of 9,493 samples tested, 37% (3,504) were found positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies. Of the seropositive cases, 73.6% (2,578/3,504) were male and 26.4% (926/3,504) were female. The highest number (382/929; 41.1%) of sero-positive cases was observed among the individuals of age group 31-40 years. The highest number of symptomatic cases was reported in October (46%; 4,400/9,493), and the highest number of sero-positive cases among symptomatic cases was observed in November (45.7%; 806/1,764). Mean annual patient incidence (MAPI) during 2009-2014 in Pakistan remained 0.30 with the highest annual patient incidence (11.03) found in Islamabad. According to the available medical case record, 472 dengue related deaths were reported during 2009-2014. Conclusion The data from earlier reports in Pakistan described the dengue virus incidence from limited areas of the country. Our findings are important considering the testing of clinical samples at a larger scale covering patients of vast geographical regions and warrants timely implementation of dengue vector surveillance and control programs. Trial registration number It is an epidemiological research study, so trial registration is not required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0258-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hyeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Nadia Nisar
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Bashir Aamir
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Quinteiro-Filho WM, Calefi AS, Cruz DSG, Aloia TPA, Zager A, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira JA, Sharif S, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress decreases expression of the cytokines, avian β-defensins 4 and 6 and Toll-like receptor 2 in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 186:19-28. [PMID: 28413046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A high ambient temperature is a highly relevant stressor in poultry production. Heat stress (HS) has been reported to reduce animal welfare, performance indices and increase Salmonella susceptibility. Salmonella spp. are major zoonotic pathogen that cause over 1 billion of human infections worldwide annually. Therefore, the current study was designed to analyze the effect of heat stress on Salmonella infection in chickens through modulation of the immune responses. Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated via gavage at one day of age (106cfu/mL). Heat stress 31±1°C was applied from 35 to 41 days of age. Broiler chickens were divided into the following groups of 12 chickens: control (C); heat stress (HS31°C); S. Enteritidis positive control (PC); and S. Enteritidis+heat stress (PHS31°C). We observed that heat stress increased corticosterone serum levels. Concomitantly heat stress decreased (1) the IgA and IFN-γ plasmatic levels; (2) the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-12 in spleen and IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β in cecal tonsils; (3) the mRNA expression of AvBD4 and AvBD6 in cecal tonsils; and (4) the mRNA expression of TLR2 in spleen and cecal tonsils of chickens infected with S. Enteritidis (PHS31°C group). Heat stress also increased Salmonella colonization in the crop and caecum as well as Salmonella invasion to the spleen, liver and bone marrow, showing a deficiency in the control of S. Enteritidis induced infection. Together, the present data suggested that heat stress activated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as observed by the increase in the corticosterone levels, which in turn presumably decreases the immune system activity, leading to an impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier and increasing chicken susceptibility to the invasion of different organs by S. Enteritidis .
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Quinteiro-Filho
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - A S Calefi
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D S G Cruz
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T P A Aloia
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Albert Einstein Jewish Institute for Education and Research, Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Zager
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J A Piantino Ferreira
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Sharif
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Palermo-Neto
- Neuroimmunomodulation Research Group, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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48
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Suleman M, Faryal R, Alam MM, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Aamir UB, Khurshid A, Angez M, Umair M, Sufian MM, Arshad Y, Zaidi SSZ. Dengue Virus Serotypes Circulating in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, 2013-2015. Ann Lab Med 2017; 37:151-154. [PMID: 28029002 PMCID: PMC5203993 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2013 to 2015, the National Institute of Health, Pakistan, received 1,270 blood samples of suspected dengue cases reported from inpatient and outpatient departments of various hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. In this study, we determined the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes using real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR to understand the serotype-based epidemiology of DENV. All four serotypes (DENV-1 [6%], DENV-2 [33%], DENV-3 [47%], and DENV-4 [0.1%]) were found circulating during the study period. Our findings suggest the need for an active surveillance system coupled with the laboratory diagnosis, especially in the chronic endemic areas of the country. Public awareness programs are needed for effective control and prevention of outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rani Faryal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salmaan Sharif
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Shaukat
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Bashir Aamir
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khurshid
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehar Angez
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad Sufian
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Arshad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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49
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Hazwan M, Shayfull Z, Sharif S, Nasir S, Rashidi M. Warpage Optimisation on the Moulded Part with Conformal Cooling Channels using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Glowworm Swarm Optimisation (GSO). MATEC Web Conf 2017; 97:01104. [DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20179701104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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50
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Hazwan M, Shayfull Z, Sharif S, Nasir S, Rashidi M. Warpage Optimisation on the Moulded Part using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Glowworm Swarm Optimisation (GSO). MATEC Web Conf 2017; 97:01105. [DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20179701105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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