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Katz J, Molina M, Clavijo R, Soodana N, Ramasamy R. 161 A Phase II Randomized Trial to Evaluate Different Dose Regimens of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Erchick DJ, Rai B, Agrawal NK, Khatry SK, Katz J, LeClerq SC, Reynolds MA, Mullany LC. Oral hygiene, prevalence of gingivitis, and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sarlahi District, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30611255 PMCID: PMC6321675 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral health status of pregnant women in low-resource communities such as Nepal has not been well characterized. This sub-population is also of specific interest given associations between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes previously documented in other settings. We explored relationships between gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Methods The design was a community-based, cross-sectional study in a sub-area of Sarlahi District, Nepal. Pregnant women < 26 weeks gestation underwent clinical periodontal exams conducted by community-based oral health workers. Exams included a full mouth assessment measuring bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) (six sites per tooth), and gingival recession, the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the free gingival margin (two direct sites per tooth). Data on participant risk factors were collected through household surveys, including demographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, care seeking, and health attitudes. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess relationships between gingivitis and risk factors. Results We enrolled 1452 participants, of which 40% (n = 582) had signs of clinical gingivitis and 60% (n = 870) clinical health. Average participant age was 23. Most participants (88%) had never received oral health care. Participants averaged 10% of sites with BOP with most (79%) having ≥1 site with BOP. Nine percent of participants had ≥1 site with PD ≥4 mm, although very few participants (0.7%) had sites with PD ≥5 mm. Few participants (13%) had any recession (≥1 mm). In the final adjusted model, odds of gingivitis increased by 3% for each year of age (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and were higher for women of short maternal stature (< 150 cm) (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.79) and among women reporting cost to be a barrier to seeking dental care (aOR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.15). Conclusions Gingivitis was common and associated with age, maternal stature, self-reported high cost of dental care, and other risk factors among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0681-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - B Rai
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N K Agrawal
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gatu Johnson M, Katz J, Forrest C, Frenje JA, Glebov VY, Li CK, Paguio R, Parker CE, Robillard C, Sangster TC, Schoff M, Séguin FH, Stoeckl C, Petrasso RD. Measurement of apparent ion temperature using the magnetic recoil spectrometer at the OMEGA laser facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10I129. [PMID: 30399924 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) at the OMEGA laser facility has been routinely used to measure deuterium-tritium (DT) yield and areal density in cryogenically layered implosions since 2008. Recently, operation of the OMEGA MRS in higher-resolution mode with a new smaller, thinner (4 cm2, 57 μm thick) CD2 conversion foil has also enabled inference of the apparent DT ion temperature (T ion) from MRS data. MRS-inferred T ion compares well with T ion as measured using neutron time-of-flight spectrometers, which is important as it demonstrates good understanding of the very different systematics associated with the two independent measurements. The MRS resolution in this configuration, ΔE MRS = 0.91 MeV FWHM, is still higher than that required for a high-precision T ion measurement. We show how fielding a smaller foil closer to the target chamber center and redesigning the MRS detector array could bring the resolution to ΔE MRS = 0.45 MeV, reducing the systematic T ion uncertainty by more than a factor of 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C E Parker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Robillard
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Hansen AM, Haberberger D, Katz J, Mastrosimone D, Follett RK, Froula DH. Supersonic gas-jet characterization with interferometry and Thomson scattering on the OMEGA Laser System. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C103. [PMID: 30399792 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A supersonic gas-jet target platform has been activated on the OMEGA Laser System. An analytic model for gas dynamics in a supersonic nozzle was used to predict gas-plume parameters and to design nozzles for use in laser-plasma experiments. The gas-jet system was analyzed with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to study neutral density and with Thomson scattering to study plasma parameters on the OMEGA Laser System. These initial measurements demonstrate the capabilities of the OMEGA gas jet as a platform for future laser-plasma interaction science.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hansen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Mastrosimone
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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55
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Edgell DH, Katz J, Turnbull DP, Froula DH. Unabsorbed light beamlets for diagnosing cross-beam energy transfer. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10E101. [PMID: 30399728 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new diagnostic has been fielded on OMEGA to diagnose cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) during direct-drive implosions. Unabsorbed light from each OMEGA laser beam is imaged as a distinct "spot" onto a gated optical imager. Each spot is in essence the endpoint of a beamlet of light that originates from different regions of each beam profile and follows a path determined by refraction. The intensity of light in the beamlet varies along its path as a result of absorption and CBET with other beamlets. This diagnostic allows the investigation of the effects of CBET on laser energy from specific locations of the beam profile. The diagnostic records images in two 200-ps time windows and includes a Wollaston prism to split each beamlet into two orthogonal polarizations recorded on separate images, allowing the absolute polarization of each beamlet to be determined. This diagnostic has provided the first evidence of polarization rotation caused by CBET during direct-drive implosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D P Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Henchen RJ, Sherlock M, Rozmus W, Katz J, Cao D, Palastro JP, Froula DH. Observation of Nonlocal Heat Flux Using Thomson Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:125001. [PMID: 30296110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonlocal heat flux was measured in laser-produced coronal plasmas using a novel Thomson scattering technique. The measured heat flux was smaller than the classical values inferred from the measured plasma conditions in regions with large temperature gradients and agreed with classical values for weak gradients. Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations self-consistently calculated the electron distribution functions used to reproduce the measured Thomson scattering spectra and to determine the heat flux. Multigroup nonlocal simulations overestimated the measured heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Henchen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Turnbull D, Franke P, Katz J, Palastro JP, Begishev IA, Boni R, Bromage J, Milder AL, Shaw JL, Froula DH. Ionization Waves of Arbitrary Velocity. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:225001. [PMID: 29906187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flying focus is a technique that uses a chirped laser beam focused by a highly chromatic lens to produce an extended focal region within which the peak laser intensity can propagate at any velocity. When that intensity is high enough to ionize a background gas, an ionization wave will track the intensity isosurface corresponding to the ionization threshold. We report on the demonstration of such ionization waves of arbitrary velocity. Subluminal and superluminal ionization fronts were produced that propagated both forward and backward relative to the ionizing laser. All backward and all superluminal cases mitigated the issue of ionization-induced refraction that typically inhibits the formation of long, contiguous plasma channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turnbull
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P Franke
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Katz
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J P Palastro
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - R Boni
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J Bromage
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Institute of Optics, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - A L Milder
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J L Shaw
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 E River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of Rochester Department of Physics & Astronomy, B&L Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Lubon AJ, Erchick DJ, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Agrawal NK, Reynolds MA, Katz J, Mullany LC. Oral health knowledge, behavior, and care seeking among pregnant and recently-delivered women in rural Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:97. [PMID: 29859084 PMCID: PMC5984796 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health behavior and attitudes of pregnant women in low-income countries are rarely examined, yet should be considered when designing preventative or therapeutic studies to reduce burden of oral diseases. We aimed to understand dental care-seeking behavior, as well as oral health knowledge and attitudes of oral health among pregnant women in rural Nepal. METHODS Semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 16) and focus group discussions (3 groups, n = 23) were conducted among pregnant and recently-delivered women in Sarlahi, Nepal. Transcripts were translated from the local language to English then analyzed using a hybrid approach to thematic coding with Atlas.ti version 7. RESULTS Women felt confident describing the signs and symptoms of tooth decay and gum disease, but were not knowledgeable about where to receive care for tooth and/or gum pain and relied heavily on the knowledge of their community. Some women used a toothbrush and toothpaste at least once a day to clean their teeth, but many reported the traditional use of a branch of a local shrub or tree as their teeth cleaning instrument. Women suggested a willingness to consider using an oral rinse throughout pregnancy, perceiving that it might have a positive impact on infant health. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should focus on providing adequate and sustainable resources for pregnant women in Nepal and other low income settings to engage in good oral health behaviors (possibly supported through community-based workers), to maintain dental hygiene, and to access qualified dentists as a means of improving their oral health. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01177111 (Nepal Oil Massage Study) and NCT02788786 (Pilot Trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Lubon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - D. J. Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - S. K. Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project – Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - S. C. LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project – Sarlahi (NNIPS), Krishna Galli, Lalitpur, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - N. K. Agrawal
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuhvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M. A. Reynolds
- Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - L. C. Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5009, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Aylward CM, Murdoch JD, Donovan TM, Kilpatrick CW, Bernier C, Katz J. Estimating distribution and connectivity of recolonizing American marten in the northeastern United States using expert elicitation techniques. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Aylward
- Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Program Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | - J. D. Murdoch
- Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Program Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | - T. M. Donovan
- U. S. Geological Survey Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | | | - C. Bernier
- Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife Springfield VT USA
| | - J. Katz
- Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
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Muller SA, Kaczala DN, Abu-Shawareb HM, Alfonso EL, Carlson LC, Mauldin M, Fitzsimmons P, Lamb D, Tzeferacos P, Chen L, Gregori G, Rigby A, Bott A, White TG, Froula D, Katz J. Evolution of the Design and Fabrication of Astrophysics Targets for Turbulent Dynamo (TDYNO) Experiments on OMEGA. Fusion Science and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1396097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Muller
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - D. N. Kaczala
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | | | - E. L. Alfonso
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - L. C. Carlson
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - M. Mauldin
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - P. Fitzsimmons
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - D. Lamb
- University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - P. Tzeferacos
- University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - L. Chen
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G. Gregori
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A. Rigby
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A. Bott
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T. G. White
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D. Froula
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623
| | - J. Katz
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623
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61
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Rinderknecht HG, Park HS, Ross JS, Amendt PA, Higginson DP, Wilks SC, Haberberger D, Katz J, Froula DH, Hoffman NM, Kagan G, Keenan BD, Vold EL. Highly Resolved Measurements of a Developing Strong Collisional Plasma Shock. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:095001. [PMID: 29547332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.095001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a strong collisional shock front forming in a plasma is directly probed for the first time in laser-driven gas-jet experiments. Thomson scattering of a 526.5 nm probe beam was used to diagnose temperature and ion velocity distribution in a strong shock (M∼11) propagating through a low-density (ρ∼0.01 mg/cc) plasma composed of hydrogen. A forward-streaming population of ions traveling in excess of the shock velocity was observed to heat and slow down on an unmoving, unshocked population of cold protons, until ultimately the populations merge and begin to thermalize. Instabilities are observed during the merging, indicating a uniquely plasma-phase process in shock front formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P A Amendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Kagan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B D Keenan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E L Vold
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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62
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Tzeferacos P, Rigby A, Bott AFA, Bell AR, Bingham R, Casner A, Cattaneo F, Churazov EM, Emig J, Fiuza F, Forest CB, Foster J, Graziani C, Katz J, Koenig M, Li CK, Meinecke J, Petrasso R, Park HS, Remington BA, Ross JS, Ryu D, Ryutov D, White TG, Reville B, Miniati F, Schekochihin AA, Lamb DQ, Froula DH, Gregori G. Laboratory evidence of dynamo amplification of magnetic fields in a turbulent plasma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:591. [PMID: 29426891 PMCID: PMC5807305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe. The energy density of these fields is typically comparable to the energy density of the fluid motions of the plasma in which they are embedded, making magnetic fields essential players in the dynamics of the luminous matter. The standard theoretical model for the origin of these strong magnetic fields is through the amplification of tiny seed fields via turbulent dynamo to the level consistent with current observations. However, experimental demonstration of the turbulent dynamo mechanism has remained elusive, since it requires plasma conditions that are extremely hard to re-create in terrestrial laboratories. Here we demonstrate, using laser-produced colliding plasma flows, that turbulence is indeed capable of rapidly amplifying seed fields to near equipartition with the turbulent fluid motions. These results support the notion that turbulent dynamo is a viable mechanism responsible for the observed present-day magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tzeferacos
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A Rigby
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A F A Bott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A R Bell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Bingham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - A Casner
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | - F Cattaneo
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - E M Churazov
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741, Garching, Germany
- Space Research Institute (IKI), Profsouznaya 84/32, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - J Emig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - C B Forest
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J Foster
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - C Graziani
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Rd, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation de Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS CEA, Université Paris VI Ecole Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - C-K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - J Meinecke
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - D Ryutov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - T G White
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - B Reville
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - F Miniati
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - A A Schekochihin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - D Q Lamb
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Rd, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Rong Y, Padron AV, Hagerty KJ, Nelson N, Chi S, Keyhani NO, Katz J, Datta SPA, Gomes C, McLamore ES. Post hoc support vector machine learning for impedimetric biosensors based on weak protein–ligand interactions. Analyst 2018; 143:2066-2075. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We develop a simple, open source machine learning algorithm for analyzing impedimetric biosensor data using a mobile phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Rong
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - A. V. Padron
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - K. J. Hagerty
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - N. Nelson
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- USA
| | - S. Chi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Beijing
- China
| | - N. O. Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - J. Katz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
| | - S. P. A. Datta
- MIT Auto-ID Labs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program
| | - C. Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- USA
| | - E. S. McLamore
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
- University of Florida
- USA
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64
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Vande Casteele N, Herfarth H, Katz J, Falck-Ytter Y, Singh S. American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on the Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:835-857.e6. [PMID: 28774547 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which involves measurement of drug or active metabolite levels and anti-drug antibodies, is a promising strategy that can be used to optimize inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics. It is based on the premise that there is a relationship between drug exposure and outcomes, and that considerable inter-individual variability exists in how patients metabolize the drug (pharmacokinetics) and the magnitude and duration of response to therapy (pharmacodynamics). Therefore, the American Gastroenterological Association has prioritized clinical guidelines on the role of TDM in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. To inform these clinical guidelines, this technical review was developed in accordance with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework for interventional and prognostic studies, and focused on the application of TDM for biologic therapy, specifically anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, and for thiopurines. Focused questions address the benefits and risks of a strategy of reactive TDM (in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease) to guide treatment changes compared with empiric treatment changes, and the benefits and risks of a strategy of routine proactive TDM (during routine clinical care in patients with quiescent disease) compared with no routine TDM. Additionally, the review addresses the benefits and risks of routine measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity or genotype before starting thiopurine therapy compared with empiric weight-based dosing and explores the performance of different trough drug concentrations for anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and thiopurines to inform clinical decision making when applying TDM in a reactive setting. Due to a paucity of data, this review does not address the role of TDM for more recently approved biologic agents, such as vedolizumab or ustekinumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Vande Casteele
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hans Herfarth
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffry Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yngve Falck-Ytter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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65
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Peace S, Peace S, Katz J, Holland C, Jones R. THE NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS OF VISION IMPAIRED OLDER PEOPLE LIVING IN ENGLAND. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Peace
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - S.M. Peace
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - J. Katz
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - C. Holland
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - R.L. Jones
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Languages, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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Brant SR, Okou DT, Simpson CL, Cutler DJ, Haritunians T, Bradfield JP, Chopra P, Prince J, Begum F, Kumar A, Huang C, Venkateswaran S, Datta LW, Wei Z, Thomas K, Herrinton LJ, Klapproth JMA, Quiros AJ, Seminerio J, Liu Z, Alexander JS, Baldassano RN, Dudley-Brown S, Cross RK, Dassopoulos T, Denson LA, Dhere TA, Dryden GW, Hanson JS, Hou JK, Hussain SZ, Hyams JS, Isaacs KL, Kader H, Kappelman MD, Katz J, Kellermayer R, Kirschner BS, Kuemmerle JF, Kwon JH, Lazarev M, Li E, Mack D, Mannon P, Moulton DE, Newberry RD, Osuntokun BO, Patel AS, Saeed SA, Targan SR, Valentine JF, Wang MH, Zonca M, Rioux JD, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Hakonarson H, Zwick ME, McGovern DPB, Kugathasan S. Re: Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies African-Specific Susceptibility Loci in African Americans With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:2082-2083. [PMID: 28478146 PMCID: PMC6033331 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) cause significant morbidity and are increasing in prevalence among all populations, including African Americans. More than 200 susceptibility loci have been identified in populations of predominantly European ancestry, but few loci have been associated with IBD in other ethnicities. METHODS We performed 2 high-density, genome-wide scans comprising 2345 cases of African Americans with IBD (1646 with CD, 583 with UC, and 116 inflammatory bowel disease unclassified) and 5002 individuals without IBD (controls, identified from the Health Retirement Study and Kaiser Permanente database). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated at P < 5.0 × 10−8 in meta-analysis with a nominal evidence (P < .05) in each scan were considered to have genome-wide significance. RESULTS We detected SNPs at HLA-DRB1, and African-specific SNPs at ZNF649 and LSAMP, with associations of genome-wide significance for UC. We detected SNPs at USP25 with associations of genome-wide significance for IBD. No associations of genome-wide significance were detected for CD. In addition, 9 genes previously associated with IBD contained SNPs with significant evidence for replication (P < 1.6 × 10−6): ADCY3, CXCR6, HLA-DRB1 to HLA-DQA1 (genome-wide signifi-cance on conditioning), IL12B, PTGER4, and TNC for IBD; IL23R, PTGER4, and SNX20 (in strong linkage disequilibrium with NOD2) for CD; and KCNQ2 (near TNFRSF6B) for UC. Several of these genes, such as TNC (near TNFSF15), CXCR6, and genes associated with IBD at the HLA locus, contained SNPs with unique association patterns with African-specific alleles. CONCLUSIONS We performed a genome-wide association study of African Americans with IBD and identified loci associated with UC in only this population; we also replicated IBD, CD, and UC loci identified in European populations. The detection of variants associated with IBD risk in only people of African descent demonstrates the importance of studying the genetics of IBD and other complex diseases in populations beyond those of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Brant
- Department of Medicine, Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David T. Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee,Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pankaj Chopra
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jarod Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ferdouse Begum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chengrui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Lisa W. Datta
- Department of Medicine, Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhi Wei
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Thomas
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Antonio J. Quiros
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Pediatric Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disorders, Summerville, South Carolina
| | - Jenifer Seminerio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina Digestive Disease Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan S. Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon Dudley-Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine & Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raymond K. Cross
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanvi A. Dhere
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gerald W. Dryden
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John S. Hanson
- Charlotte Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jason K. Hou
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Center for Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunny Z. Hussain
- Department of Pediatrics, Willis-Knighton Physician Network, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | | | - Kim L. Isaacs
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Howard Kader
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael D. Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffry Katz
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara S. Kirschner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John F. Kuemmerle
- Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John H. Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark Lazarev
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ellen Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Ashish S. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shehzad A. Saeed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Ming-Hsi Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Martin Zonca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John D. Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and the Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Department of Medicine, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Medicine and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael E. Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Lynch
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Perioperative Care, Psychiatry, and Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J. Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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68
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Chen C, Barry D, Khatry SK, Klasen EM, Singh M, LeClerq SC, Katz J, Tielsch JM, Mullany LC. Validation of an obstetric fistula screening questionnaire in rural Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional and nested case-control study with clinical examination. BJOG 2017; 124:955-964. [PMID: 27465702 PMCID: PMC5272910 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a symptom-based fistula screening questionnaire and estimate obstetric fistula (OF) prevalence in rural Nepal. DESIGN Cross-sectional and nested case-control study. SETTING Sarlahi District, Nepal. POPULATION Parous, reproductive age women. METHODS The questionnaire assessed symptoms of vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula (VVF and RVF, respectively), stress and urge urinary incontinence (SUI and UUI, respectively), fecal incontinence (FI), and included interviewer observations on the smell and presence of urine and/or stool. All women who screened positive for OF and a randomly selected group of women who screened negative for OF were included in a nested case-control study (one case, four normal controls, and four incontinent controls) and underwent confirmatory clinical examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinically confirmed OF, and questionnaire sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). RESULTS Of the 16 893 women who completed cross-sectional screening, 68 were screened-positive cases. Fifty-five (82%) screened-positive cases, 203 screened-negative normal controls, and 203 screened-incontinent controls participated in the case-control study, which confirmed one case of VVF and one case of both VVF and RVF without any false-negative cases. For VVF, the screening tool demonstrated Se 100% (95% CI 34.2-100.0%), Sp 86.9% (95% CI 83.3-89.9%), and estimated VVF prevalence as 12 per 100 000 (95% CI 3-43); for RVF, it demonstrated Se 100% (95% CI 20.7-100.0), Sp 99.8% (95% CI 98.6-100.0), and estimated RVF prevalence as 6 per 100 000 (95% CI 1-34). CONCLUSIONS The OF screening questionnaire demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in this low-prevalence setting. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Community-based obstetric fistula screening tool validation study, Nepal, n = 16 893: High Se, Sp & feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ccg Chen
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Barry
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - E M Klasen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S C LeClerq
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J M Tielsch
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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John R, Keebler M, Stulak J, Emani S, Klodell C, Nathan S, Brieke A, Uriel N, Chin J, Eckman P, Nsair A, Agarwal R, Thenappan T, Adamson R, Chuang J, Farrar D, Sundareswaran K, Katz J. Incidence and Risk Factors of Late Bleeding in Patients Enrolled in the PREVENT Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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70
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Thenappan T, Stulak J, Agarwal R, Maltais S, Shah P, Eckman P, Emani S, Katz J, Gregoric I, Keebler M, Uriel N, Adler E, Chuang J, Farrar D, Sundareswaran K, John R. Trends in Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase During HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device Support and Its Relation to Clinical Outcomes: Insights from the PREVENT Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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71
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Clark A, Watkins R, Katz J, Jensen B, Rose-Jones L, Waters S, Andrews M, Chang P. The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Heart Transplant Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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72
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Brant SR, Okou DT, Simpson CL, Cutler DJ, Haritunians T, Bradfield JP, Chopra P, Prince J, Begum F, Kumar A, Huang C, Venkateswaran S, Datta LW, Wei Z, Thomas K, Herrinton LJ, Klapproth JMA, Quiros AJ, Seminerio J, Liu Z, Alexander JS, Baldassano RN, Dudley-Brown S, Cross RK, Dassopoulos T, Denson LA, Dhere TA, Dryden GW, Hanson JS, Hou JK, Hussain SZ, Hyams JS, Isaacs KL, Kader H, Kappelman MD, Katz J, Kellermayer R, Kirschner BS, Kuemmerle JF, Kwon JH, Lazarev M, Li E, Mack D, Mannon P, Moulton DE, Newberry RD, Osuntokun BO, Patel AS, Saeed SA, Targan SR, Valentine JF, Wang MH, Zonca M, Rioux JD, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Cho JH, Hakonarson H, Zwick ME, McGovern DP, Kugathasan S. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies African-Specific Susceptibility Loci in African Americans With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:206-217.e2. [PMID: 27693347 PMCID: PMC5164948 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) cause significant morbidity and are increasing in prevalence among all populations, including African Americans. More than 200 susceptibility loci have been identified in populations of predominantly European ancestry, but few loci have been associated with IBD in other ethnicities. METHODS We performed 2 high-density, genome-wide scans comprising 2345 cases of African Americans with IBD (1646 with CD, 583 with UC, and 116 inflammatory bowel disease unclassified) and 5002 individuals without IBD (controls, identified from the Health Retirement Study and Kaiser Permanente database). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated at P < 5.0 × 10-8 in meta-analysis with a nominal evidence (P < .05) in each scan were considered to have genome-wide significance. RESULTS We detected SNPs at HLA-DRB1, and African-specific SNPs at ZNF649 and LSAMP, with associations of genome-wide significance for UC. We detected SNPs at USP25 with associations of genome-wide significance for IBD. No associations of genome-wide significance were detected for CD. In addition, 9 genes previously associated with IBD contained SNPs with significant evidence for replication (P < 1.6 × 10-6): ADCY3, CXCR6, HLA-DRB1 to HLA-DQA1 (genome-wide significance on conditioning), IL12B,PTGER4, and TNC for IBD; IL23R, PTGER4, and SNX20 (in strong linkage disequilibrium with NOD2) for CD; and KCNQ2 (near TNFRSF6B) for UC. Several of these genes, such as TNC (near TNFSF15), CXCR6, and genes associated with IBD at the HLA locus, contained SNPs with unique association patterns with African-specific alleles. CONCLUSIONS We performed a genome-wide association study of African Americans with IBD and identified loci associated with UC in only this population; we also replicated IBD, CD, and UC loci identified in European populations. The detection of variants associated with IBD risk in only people of African descent demonstrates the importance of studying the genetics of IBD and other complex diseases in populations beyond those of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Brant
- Department of Medicine, Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David T. Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
30322, USA
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee
Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome
Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David J. Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
GA, 30322, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research
Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pankaj Chopra
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jarod Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
30322, USA
| | - Ferdouse Begum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
30322, USA
| | - Chengrui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
30322, USA
| | - Lisa W. Datta
- Department of Medicine, Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly Thomas
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Antonio J. Quiros
- Department of Pediatrics, MUSC Pediatric Center for Inflammatory Bowel
Disorders, Summerville, SC, 29485, USA
| | - Jenifer Seminerio
- Department of Gastroenterology, MUSC Digestive Disease Center, Charleston,
SC, 29486, USA
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research
Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University
Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sharon Dudley-Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine &
Nursing, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Raymond K. Cross
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tanvi A. Dhere
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
30322, USA
| | - Gerald W. Dryden
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202,
USA
| | - John S. Hanson
- Charlotte Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charlotte, NC, 28207, USA
| | - Jason K. Hou
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; VA HSR&D Center for
Innovations in Quality Effectiveness and Safety; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center,
Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sunny Z. Hussain
- Department of Pediatrics, Willis-Knighton Physician Network, Shreveport,
LA, 71118, USA
| | | | - Kim L. Isaacs
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Howard Kader
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael D. Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Jeffry Katz
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barbara S. Kirschner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Comer Children's
Hospital, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John F. Kuemmerle
- Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus
of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - John H. Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mark Lazarev
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ellen Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony
Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - David Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Children’s
Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Peter Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham,
AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bankole O. Osuntokun
- Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth,
TX, 76104, USA
| | - Ashish S. Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shehzad A. Saeed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Stephan R. Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research
Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | | | - Ming-Hsi Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida,
Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Martin Zonca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI,
48202, USA
| | - John D. Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and the
Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute,
School of Medicine; and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health;
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Department of Medicine, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount
Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Medicine and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Charles
Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael E. Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research
Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are a family of growth factors, receptors and binding proteins that are involved in numerous growth and differentiation processes, as well as in various pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to summarize data that has been accumulating in recent years linking the IGF system to a number of physiological and pathological oral processes. The IGF system fulfills an important role in growth and development of teeth, mandible, maxillae, and tongue. It has been postulated that IGF-I may be of great value in the treatment of periodontal defects and in tissue healing. Furthermore, IGF-II has been shown to be overexpressed in salivary gland adenomas, suggesting that aberrant IGF signaling may be a key factor in the etiology of oral malignancies. Understanding the role and regulation of IGF system components in salivary glands and other oral structures will be of significant basic and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Werner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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74
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Depierreux S, Neuville C, Baccou C, Tassin V, Casanova M, Masson-Laborde PE, Borisenko N, Orekhov A, Colaitis A, Debayle A, Duchateau G, Heron A, Huller S, Loiseau P, Nicolaï P, Pesme D, Riconda C, Tran G, Bahr R, Katz J, Stoeckl C, Seka W, Tikhonchuk V, Labaune C. Experimental Investigation of the Collective Raman Scattering of Multiple Laser Beams in Inhomogeneous Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:235002. [PMID: 27982626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.235002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have been performed evidencing significant stimulated Raman sidescattering (SRS) at large angles from the density gradient. This was achieved in long scale-length high-temperature plasmas in which two beams couple to the same scattered electromagnetic wave further demonstrating for the first time this multiple-beam collective SRS interaction. The collective nature of the coupling and the amplification at large angles from the density gradient increase the global SRS losses and produce light scattered in novel directions out of the planes of incidence of the beams. These findings obtained in plasmas conditions relevant of inertial confinement fusion experiments similarly apply to the more complex geometry of these experiments where anomalously large levels of SRS were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Baccou
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - V Tassin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - N Borisenko
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, 53 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A Orekhov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, 53 Leninskii Prospect, Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - A Colaitis
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - G Duchateau
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - A Heron
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - S Huller
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - P Nicolaï
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - D Pesme
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - C Riconda
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - G Tran
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - R Bahr
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - C Labaune
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
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75
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Follett RK, Delettrez JA, Edgell DH, Henchen RJ, Katz J, Myatt JF, Froula DH. Plasma characterization using ultraviolet Thomson scattering from ion-acoustic and electron plasma waves (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E401. [PMID: 27910493 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Collective Thomson scattering is a technique for measuring the plasma conditions in laser-plasma experiments. Simultaneous measurements of ion-acoustic and electron plasma-wave spectra were obtained using a 263.25-nm Thomson-scattering probe beam. A fully reflective collection system was used to record light scattered from electron plasma waves at electron densities greater than 1021 cm-3, which produced scattering peaks near 200 nm. An accurate analysis of the experimental Thomson-scattering spectra required accounting for plasma gradients, instrument sensitivity, optical effects, and background radiation. Practical techniques for including these effects when fitting Thomson-scattering spectra are presented and applied to the measured spectra to show the improvements in plasma characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R J Henchen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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76
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Ross JS, Datte P, Divol L, Galbraith J, Froula DH, Glenzer SH, Hatch B, Katz J, Kilkenny J, Landen O, Manuel AM, Molander W, Montgomery DS, Moody JD, Swadling G, Weaver J. Simulated performance of the optical Thomson scattering diagnostic designed for the National Ignition Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E510. [PMID: 27910648 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An optical Thomson scattering diagnostic has been designed for the National Ignition Facility to characterize under-dense plasmas. We report on the design of the system and the expected performance for different target configurations. The diagnostic is designed to spatially and temporally resolve the Thomson scattered light from laser driven targets. The diagnostic will collect scattered light from a 50 × 50 × 200 μm volume. The optical design allows operation with different probe laser wavelengths. A deep-UV probe beam (λ0 = 210 nm) will be used to Thomson scatter from electron plasma densities of ∼5 × 1020 cm-3 while a 3ω probe will be used for plasma densities of ∼1 × 1019 cm-3. The diagnostic package contains two spectrometers: the first to resolve Thomson scattering from ion acoustic wave fluctuations and the second to resolve scattering from electron plasma wave fluctuations. Expected signal levels relative to background will be presented for typical target configurations (hohlraums and a planar foil).
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Datte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Galbraith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hatch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - O Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - W Molander
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Weaver
- Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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77
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Datte PS, Ross JS, Froula DH, Daub KD, Galbraith J, Glenzer S, Hatch B, Katz J, Kilkenny J, Landen O, Manha D, Manuel AM, Molander W, Montgomery D, Moody J, Swadling GF, Weaver J. The design of the optical Thomson scattering diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E549. [PMID: 27910656 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 laser beam facility designed to support the Stockpile Stewardship, High Energy Density and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) programs. We report on the design of an Optical Thomson Scattering (OTS) diagnostic that has the potential to transform the community's understanding of NIF hohlraum physics by providing first principle, local, time-resolved measurements of under-dense plasma conditions. The system design allows operation with different probe laser wavelengths by manual selection of the appropriate beam splitter and gratings before the shot. A deep-UV probe beam (λ0-210 nm) will be used to optimize the scattered signal for plasma densities of 5 × 1020 electrons/cm3 while a 3ω probe will be used for experiments investigating lower density plasmas of 1 × 1019 electrons/cm3. We report the phase I design of a two phase design strategy. Phase I includes the OTS telescope, spectrometer, and streak camera; these will be used to assess the background levels at NIF. Phase II will include the design and installation of a probe laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Datte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K D Daub
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Galbraith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hatch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Molander
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G F Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Weaver
- Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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78
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Sio H, Frenje JA, Katz J, Stoeckl C, Weiner D, Bedzyk M, Glebov V, Sorce C, Gatu Johnson M, Rinderknecht HG, Zylstra AB, Sangster TC, Regan SP, Kwan T, Le A, Simakov AN, Taitano WT, Chacòn L, Keenan B, Shah R, Sutcliffe G, Petrasso RD. A Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) for studies of kinetic, multi-ion effects, and ion-electron equilibration rates in Inertial Confinement Fusion plasmas at OMEGA (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D701. [PMID: 27910508 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) has been implemented on OMEGA for simultaneous time-resolved measurements of several nuclear products as well as the x-ray continuum produced in High Energy Density Plasmas and Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions. The PXTD removes systematic timing uncertainties typically introduced by using multiple instruments, and it has been used to measure DD, DT, D3He, and T3He reaction histories and the emission history of the x-ray core continuum with relative timing uncertainties within ±10-20 ps. This enables, for the first time, accurate and simultaneous measurements of the x-ray emission histories, nuclear reaction histories, their time differences, and measurements of Ti(t) and Te(t) from which an assessment of multiple-ion-fluid effects, kinetic effects during the shock-burn phase, and ion-electron equilibration rates can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sio
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Weiner
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Le
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W T Taitano
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Chacòn
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Keenan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Shah
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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79
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Katz J, Boni R, Rivlis R, Muir C, Froula DH. A pulse-front-tilt-compensated streaked optical spectrometer with high throughput and picosecond time resolution. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E535. [PMID: 27910314 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput, broadband optical spectrometer coupled to the Rochester optical streak system equipped with a Photonis P820 streak tube was designed to record time-resolved spectra with 1-ps time resolution. Spectral resolution of 0.8 nm is achieved over a wavelength coverage range of 480 to 580 nm, using a 300-groove/mm diffraction grating in conjunction with a pair of 225-mm-focal-length doublets operating at an f/2.9 aperture. Overall pulse-front tilt across the beam diameter generated by the diffraction grating is reduced by preferentially delaying discrete segments of the collimated input beam using a 34-element reflective echelon optic. The introduced delay temporally aligns the beam segments and the net pulse-front tilt is limited to the accumulation across an individual sub-element. The resulting spectrometer design balances resolving power and pulse-front tilt while maintaining high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Rivlis
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Muir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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80
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Scrafford C, Basnet S, Ansari I, Shrestha L, Shrestha S, Ghimire R, Katz J, Khatry S, Checkley W, Basnet S, Shrestha M, Thapa S, Kansakar P, Puree S, Todi V, Tielsch J. Evaluation of Digital Auscultation to Diagnose Pneumonia in Children 2 to 35 Months of Age in a Clinical Setting in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Prospective Case–Control Study. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Scrafford
- Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - S. Basnet
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - I. Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - L. Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S. Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R. Ghimire
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J. Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - S. Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - W. Checkley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - S. Basnet
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M. Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S. Thapa
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P. Kansakar
- Department of Pediatrics, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S. Puree
- Department of Pediatrics, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - V. Todi
- Department of Pediatrics, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - J. Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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81
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Katz J, Tielsch J, Khatry S, Shrestha L, Breysse P, Zeger S, Checkley W, Mullany L, Kozuki N, LeClerq S, Adhikari R. Impact of an improved biomass stove on birth outcomes in rural Nepal: A
cluster-randomized, step-wedge trial. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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82
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Mansoor E, Singh A, Nizialek G, Veloso HM, Katz J, Cooper GS, Isenberg G. Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Isolated Jejunal Varices in a Patient With Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension: A Case Report. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:1209-11. [PMID: 27481431 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Mansoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ajaypal Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory Nizialek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hazel Marie Veloso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffry Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory S Cooper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gerard Isenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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83
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Nossek E, Prajoy K, Katz J, Setton A. E-089 Iatrogenic Post-operative Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysms, Diagnosis and Endovascular Management. J Neurointerv Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012589.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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84
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Katz J, d'Albis MA, Boisgontier J, Poupon C, Mangin JF, Guevara P, Duclap D, Hamdani N, Petit J, Monnet D, Le Corvoisier P, Leboyer M, Delorme R, Houenou J. Similar white matter but opposite grey matter changes in schizophrenia and high-functioning autism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:31-9. [PMID: 27105136 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-functioning autism (HFA) and schizophrenia (SZ) are two of the main neurodevelopmental disorders, sharing several clinical dimensions and risk factors. Their exact relationship is poorly understood, and few studies have directly compared both disorders. Our aim was thus to directly compare neuroanatomy of HFA and SZ using a multimodal MRI design. METHODS We scanned 79 male adult subjects with 3T MRI (23 with HFA, 24 with SZ and 32 healthy controls, with similar non-verbal IQ). We compared them using both diffusion-based whole-brain tractography and T1 voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS HFA and SZ groups exhibited similar white matter alterations in the left fronto-occipital inferior fasciculus with a decrease in generalized fractional anisotropy compared with controls. In grey matter, the HFA group demonstrated bilateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate increases in contrast with prefrontal and left temporal reductions in SZ. CONCLUSION HFA and SZ may share common white matter deficits in long-range connections involved in social functions, but opposite grey matter abnormalities in frontal regions that subserve complex cognitive functions. Our results are consistent with the fronto-occipital underconnectivity theory of HFA and the altered connectivity hypothesis of SZ and suggest the existence of both associated and diametrical liabilities to these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Katz
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.,INSERM, U955 Equipe 15 «Psychiatrie Translationnelle», IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - M-A d'Albis
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.,INSERM, U955 Equipe 15 «Psychiatrie Translationnelle», IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - J Boisgontier
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.,INSERM, U955 Equipe 15 «Psychiatrie Translationnelle», IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - C Poupon
- UNIRS Lab, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J-F Mangin
- UNATI Lab, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Guevara
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - D Duclap
- UNIRS Lab, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - N Hamdani
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955 Equipe 15 «Psychiatrie Translationnelle», IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - J Petit
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - D Monnet
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - P Le Corvoisier
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430, INSERM, Créteil, France.,APHP, GH Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955 Equipe 15 «Psychiatrie Translationnelle», IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - R Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS URA 2182 'Genes, Synapses and Cognition', Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J Houenou
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, DHU PePsy, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Créteil, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.,INSERM, U955 Equipe 15 «Psychiatrie Translationnelle», IMRB, Créteil, France
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85
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Neuville C, Tassin V, Pesme D, Monteil MC, Masson-Laborde PE, Baccou C, Fremerye P, Philippe F, Seytor P, Teychenné D, Seka W, Katz J, Bahr R, Depierreux S. Experimental Evidence of the Collective Brillouin Scattering of Multiple Laser Beams Sharing Acoustic Waves. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:235002. [PMID: 27341238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.235002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The indirect-drive scheme to inertial confinement fusion uses a large number of laser beams arranged in a symmetric angular distribution. Collective laser plasma instabilities can therefore develop that couple all the incident laser waves located in a cone to the daughter wave growing along the cone symmetry axis [D. F. DuBois et al., Phys. Fluids B 4, 241 (1992)]. With complementary diagnostics of Thomson scattering and of the scattered light, we demonstrate the occurrence of collective stimulated Brillouin sidescattering driving collective acoustic waves in indirect-drive experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Tassin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - D Pesme
- Centre de Physique Théorique, UMR 7644, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | | | | | - C Baccou
- LULI, UMR 7605 CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Université Paris VI, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | | | | | - P Seytor
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Bahr
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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86
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Stoeckl C, Boni R, Ehrne F, Forrest CJ, Glebov VY, Katz J, Lonobile DJ, Magoon J, Regan SP, Shoup MJ, Sorce A, Sorce C, Sangster TC, Weiner D. Neutron temporal diagnostic for high-yield deuterium-tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053501. [PMID: 27250417 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A next-generation neutron temporal diagnostic (NTD) capable of recording high-quality data for the highest anticipated yield cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) implosion experiments was recently installed at the Omega Laser Facility. A high-quality measurement of the neutron production width is required to determine the hot-spot pressure achieved in inertial confinement fusion experiments-a key metric in assessing the quality of these implosions. The design of this NTD is based on a fast-rise-time plastic scintillator, which converts the neutron kinetic energy to 350- to 450-nm-wavelength light. The light from the scintillator inside the nose-cone assembly is relayed ∼16 m to a streak camera in a well-shielded location. An ∼200× reduction in neutron background was observed during the first high-yield DT cryogenic implosions compared to the current NTD installation on OMEGA. An impulse response of ∼40 ± 10 ps was measured in a dedicated experiment using hard x-rays from a planar target irradiated with a 10-ps short pulse from the OMEGA EP laser. The measured instrument response includes contributions from the scintillator rise time, optical relay, and streak camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - F Ehrne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D J Lonobile
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Weiner
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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87
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Donaldson WR, Katz J, Huff R, Hill EM, Kelly JH, Kwiatkowski J, Brannon RB, Boni R. A picosecond beam-timing system for the OMEGA laser. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:053511. [PMID: 27250427 DOI: 10.1063/1.4952440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A timing system is demonstrated for the OMEGA Laser System that guarantees all 60 beams will arrive on target simultaneously with a root mean square variability of 4 ps. The system relies on placing a scattering sphere at the target position to couple the ultraviolet light from each beam into a single photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Donaldson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Huff
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E M Hill
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kwiatkowski
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R B Brannon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Boni
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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88
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Follett RK, Delettrez JA, Edgell DH, Goncharov VN, Henchen RJ, Katz J, Michel DT, Myatt JF, Shaw J, Solodov AA, Stoeckl C, Yaakobi B, Froula DH. Two-Plasmon Decay Mitigation in Direct-Drive Inertial-Confinement-Fusion Experiments Using Multilayer Targets. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:155002. [PMID: 27127973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer direct-drive inertial-confinement-fusion targets are shown to significantly reduce two-plasmon decay (TPD) driven hot-electron production while maintaining high hydrodynamic efficiency. Implosion experiments on the OMEGA laser used targets with silicon layered between an inner beryllium and outer silicon-doped plastic ablator. A factor-of-5 reduction in hot-electron generation (>50 keV) was observed in the multilayer targets relative to pure CH targets. Three-dimensional simulations of the TPD-driven hot-electron production using a laser-plasma interaction code (lpse) that includes nonlinear and kinetic effects show good agreement with the measurements. The simulations suggest that the reduction in hot-electron production observed in the multilayer targets is primarily caused by increased electron-ion collisional damping.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V N Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R J Henchen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D T Michel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A A Solodov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Yaakobi
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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89
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Clarke H, Pagé G, McCartney C, Huang A, Stratford P, Andrion J, Kennedy D, Awad I, Gollish J, Kay J, Katz J. Pregabalin reduces postoperative opioid consumption and pain for 1 week after hospital discharge, but does not affect function at 6 weeks or 3 months after total hip arthroplasty. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115:903-11. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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90
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Mergler MJ, Englund JA, Tielsch JM, Kuypers J, Rock M, Edwards KM, Steinhoff MC, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Katz J. Pertussis in Infants: Characterization of Risk and Maternal Immunological Protection. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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91
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Rodriguez-Palacios A, Kodani T, Kaydo L, Pietropaoli D, Corridoni D, Howell S, Katz J, Xin W, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Stereomicroscopic 3D-pattern profiling of murine and human intestinal inflammation reveals unique structural phenotypes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7577. [PMID: 26154811 PMCID: PMC4510646 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histology is fundamental to assess two-dimensional intestinal inflammation; however, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are often indistinguishable microscopically on the basis of mucosal biopsies. Here, we use stereomicroscopy (SM) to rapidly profile the entire intestinal topography and assess inflammation. We examine the mucosal surface of >700 mice (encompassing >16 strains and various IBD-models), create a profiling catalogue of 3D-stereomicroscopic abnormalities and demonstrate that mice with comparable histological scores display unique sub-clusters of 3D-structure-patterns of IBD pathology, which we call 3D-stereoenterotypes, and which are otherwise indiscernible histologically. We show that two ileal IBD-stereoenterotypes (‘cobblestones' versus ‘villous mini-aggregation') cluster separately within two distinct mouse lines of spontaneous ileitis, suggesting that host genetics drive unique and divergent inflammatory 3D-structural patterns in the gut. In humans, stereomicroscopy reveals ‘liquefaction' lesions and hierarchical fistulous complexes, enriched with clostridia/segmented filamentous bacteria, running under healthy mucosa in Crohn's disease. We suggest that stereomicroscopic (3D-SMAPgut) profiling can be easily implemented and enable the comprehensive study of inflammatory 3D structures, genetics and flora in IBD. The gut epithelium is damaged in inflammatory bowel disease, but capturing such lesions by histology can be difficult. Here, the authors use stereomicroscopy to visualize different 3D inflammatory structures and associated microbes in humans and in 16 genetic mouse models relevant to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rodriguez-Palacios
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kodani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lindsey Kaydo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Scott Howell
- Department of Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeffry Katz
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA [2] Department of Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wei Xin
- 1] Department of Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA [2] Department of Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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92
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Free R, Shin J, Miller B, Doyle T, Moritz A, Conroy J, Brust T, Southall N, Ferrer M, Donthamsetti P, Javitch J, Watts V, Katz J, Stanwood G, Bertz J, Woods J, Emmitte K, Lindsley C, Alvarez V, Sibley D. Identification of a novel dopaminergic agonist that displays locational bias and functional selectively at the D
2
dopamine receptor. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.772.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Free
- NINDS NIHRockvilleMDUnited States
| | - J. Shin
- NIAAA NIHRockvilleMDUnited States
| | - B Miller
- NINDS NIHRockvilleMDUnited States
| | - T. Doyle
- NINDS NIHRockvilleMDUnited States
| | - A Moritz
- NINDS NIHRockvilleMDUnited States
| | | | - T. Brust
- Pharm PurdueWest LafayetteINUnited States
| | | | | | | | - J. Javitch
- PsychiatryColumbiaNew YorkNYUnited States
| | - V. Watts
- Pharm PurdueWest LafayetteINUnited States
| | - J. Katz
- NIDA NIHBaltimoreMDUnited States
| | | | - J. Bertz
- Pharm Univ. of MichiganAnn ArborMIUnited States
| | - J. Woods
- Pharm Univ. of MichiganAnn ArborMIUnited States
| | - K. Emmitte
- Pharm VanderbiltNashvilleTNUnited States
| | - C Lindsley
- Pharm VanderbiltNashvilleTNUnited States
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93
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Follett RK, Edgell DH, Henchen RJ, Hu SX, Katz J, Michel DT, Myatt JF, Shaw J, Froula DH. Direct observation of the two-plasmon-decay common plasma wave using ultraviolet Thomson scattering. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:031104. [PMID: 25871046 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 263-nm Thomson-scattering beam was used to directly probe two-plasmon-decay (TPD) excited electron plasma waves (EPWs) driven by between two and five 351-nm beams on the OMEGA Laser System. The amplitude of these waves was nearly independent of the number of drive beams at constant overlapped intensity, showing that the observed EPWs are common to the multiple beams. In an experimental configuration where the Thomson-scattering diagnostic was not wave matched to the common TPD EPWs, a broad spectrum of TPD-driven EPWs was observed, indicative of nonlinear effects associated with TPD saturation. Electron plasma waves corresponding to Langmuir decay of TPD EPWs were observed in both Thomson-scattering spectra, suggesting the Langmuir decay instability as a TPD saturation mechanism. Simulated Thomson-scattering spectra from three-dimensional numerical solutions of the extended Zakharov equations of TPD are in excellent agreement with the experimental spectra and verify the presence of the Langmuir decay instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Follett
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R J Henchen
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D T Michel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shaw
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The treatment paradigms and therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis (UC) have rapidly evolved during the past decade. Traditionally, the treatment target has focused on achieving successful induction and maintenance of steroid-free clinical remission. This has been shown to provide a better quality of life and a reduction in complications, hospitalizations, and surgery. Recent studies, however, suggest that achieving "mucosal healing" or endoscopic remission may be the optimal treatment endpoint. In this review, we will examine the treatment goals for UC and the efficacy of each therapy to reach these targets. We will also review the therapeutic options available for UC: mesalamines, steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics, including the first anti-integrin inhibitor, approved in May 2014, for the treatment of UC. Therapeutic drug monitoring, which measures serum drug level and anti-drug antibody concentrations, is emerging as an important clinical decision tool in patients on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-antagonists. These evolving treatment strategies allow gastroenterologists to optimize control of the disease and offer patients a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Y Ho
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA,
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95
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Raymon H, Peng S, Katz J, Zhao C, Phan C, Moghaddam M, Fultz K, Sankar S, Mortensen D, Narla R. 523 Antitumor activity of mTOR kinase and DNA-PK inhibitor CC-115 in a mouse model of glioblastoma. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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96
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Clarke H, Katz J, McCartney C, Stratford P, Kennedy D, Pagé M, Awad I, Gollish J, Kay J. Perioperative gabapentin reduces 24 h opioid consumption and improves in-hospital rehabilitation but not post-discharge outcomes after total knee arthroplasty with peripheral nerve block. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:855-64. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ayling OGS, Montbriand J, Jiang J, Ladak S, Love L, Eisenberg N, Katz J, Clarke H, Roche-Nagle G. Continuous regional anaesthesia provides effective pain management and reduces opioid requirement following major lower limb amputation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:559-64. [PMID: 25139251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative stump pain after major lower limb amputation is a significant impediment to the recovery of amputees. The vast majority of patients require opioid analgesics following surgery, which are associated with opioid-related side-effects. Here, we investigate whether intraoperative placement of a peripheral nerve stump catheter followed by continuous infusion of local anesthetic is as effective at pain control as current analgesic practices. If beneficial, this procedure could potentially reduce post-amputation opioid consumption and opioid-related adverse effects. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of 198 patients over a 4-year period who had undergone a major lower limb amputation for indications related to peripheral vascular disease. Postoperatively, 102 patients received a perineural catheter were compared to 96 patients who did not. The primary outcomes of this study were the amount of morphine equivalents used in the first 72 hours postoperatively and postoperative pain intensity in the first 24 hours. RESULTS A total of 198 lower-limb amputations were selected for analyses. Multiple regression analyses indicated that perineural catheter use was associated with a lower cumulative postoperative opioid consumption over the first 72 hours but not postoperative pain scores at 24 hours. Perineural catheter use led to a 40% reduction in opioid use during the first 72 hours postoperatively. Mixed model repeated measures analysis demonstrated that this opioid reduction was consistent over time. Other variables related to total opioid use included age, pre-surgical chronic pain, pre-surgical opioid use, patient-controlled analgesia. CONCLUSIONS Continuous perineural infusions of local anesthetic are a safe and effective method for reducing post-amputation opioid analgesic medications after major lower limp amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G S Ayling
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Montbriand
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Pain Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Pain Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Ladak
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Pain Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Love
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Eisenberg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Katz
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Pain Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Clarke
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Pain Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Roche-Nagle
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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98
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Seka W, Myatt JF, Short RW, Froula DH, Katz J, Goncharov VN, Igumenshchev IV. Nonuniformly driven two-plasmon-decay instability in direct-drive implosions. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:145001. [PMID: 24765976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Half-harmonic emission spectra and images taken during directly driven implosions show that the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability is driven nonuniformly over the target surface and that multibeam effects dominate this instability. The images show a spatially limited extent of the TPD instability. A prominent spectral feature is used to determine the electron temperature in the corona. Near threshold the temperatures agree with one-dimensional hydrodynamic predictions but exceed them by ∼10% above the TPD threshold. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations indicate that a significant part (∼20%) of the laser intensity must be locally absorbed by the TPD instability (i.e., by collisional damping of the electron plasma waves) to maintain these temperature islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J F Myatt
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R W Short
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Katz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - V N Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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99
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Santa Mina D, Clarke H, Ritvo P, Leung YW, Matthew AG, Katz J, Trachtenberg J, Alibhai SMH. Effect of total-body prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2013; 100:196-207. [PMID: 24439570 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence of pre-operative exercise, known as 'prehabilitation', on peri- and postoperative outcomes in adult surgical populations. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES CENTRAL, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro were searched from 1950 to 2011. METHODS Two reviewers independently examined relevant, English-language articles that examined the effects of pre-operative total-body exercise with peri- and postoperative outcome analysis. Given the nascence of this field, controlled and uncontrolled trials were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Only data on length of stay were considered eligible for meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of measures and methodologies for assessing other outcomes. RESULTS In total, 4597 citations were identified by the search strategy, of which 21 studies were included. Trials were generally small (median=54 participants) and of moderate to poor methodological quality. Compared with standard care, the majority of studies found that total-body prehabilitation improved postoperative pain, length of stay and physical function, but it was not consistently effective in improving health-related quality of life or aerobic fitness in the studies that examined these outcomes. The meta-analysis indicated that prehabilitation reduced postoperative length of stay with a small to moderate effect size (Hedges' g=-0.39, P=0.033). Intervention-related adverse events were reported in two of 669 exercising participants. CONCLUSION The literature provides early evidence that prehabilitation may reduce length of stay and possibly provide postoperative physical benefits. Cautious interpretation of these findings is warranted given modest methodological quality and significant risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santa Mina
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Kinesiology Program, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - H Clarke
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Ritvo
- Kinesiology Program, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y W Leung
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A G Matthew
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Katz
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Trachtenberg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M H Alibhai
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Arakawa Y, Fujimoto KI, Murata D, Nakamoto Y, Okada T, Miyamoto S, Bahr O, Harter PN, Weise L, You SJ, Ronellenfitsch MW, Rieger J, Steinbach JP, Hattingen E, Bahr O, Jurcoane A, Daneshvar K, Pilatus U, Mittelbronn M, Steinbach JP, Hattingen E, Carrillo J, Bota D, Handwerker J, Su LMY, Chen T, Stathopoulos A, Yu H, Chang JH, Kim EH, Kim SH, Mi, Yun J, Pytel P, Collins J, Choi Y, Lukas R, Nicholas M, Colen R, Jafrani R, Zinn P, Colen R, Ashour O, Zinn P, Colen R, Vangel M, Gutman D, Hwang S, Wintermark M, Jain R, Jilwan-Nicolas M, Chen J, Raghavan P, Holder C, Rubin D, Huang E, Kirby J, Freymann J, Jaffe C, Flanders A, Zinn P, Colen R, Ashour O, Zinn P, Colen R, Zinn P, Dahiya S, Statsevych V, Elson P, Xie H, Chao S, Peereboom D, Stevens G, Barnett G, Ahluwalia M, Daras M, Karimi S, Abrey L, Sanchez J, Beal K, Gutin P, Kaley T, Grommes C, Correa D, Reiner A, Briggs S, Omuro A, Verburg N, Hoefnagels F, Pouwels P, Boellaard R, Barkhof F, Hoekstra O, Wesseling P, Reijneveld J, Heimans J, Vandertop P, Zwinderman K, Hamer HDW, Elinzano H, Kadivar F, Yadav PO, Breese VL, Jackson CL, Donahue JE, Boxerman JL, Ellingson B, Pope W, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Pope W, Chen W, Czernin J, Phelps M, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Leu K, Tran A, Pope W, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Harris R, Woodworth D, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Pope W, Leu K, Chen W, Czernin J, Phelps M, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Enzmann D, Pope W, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Eoli M, Di Stefano AL, Aquino D, Scotti A, Anghileri E, Cuppini L, Prodi E, Finocchiaro G, Bruzzone MG, Fujimoto K, Arakawa Y, Murata D, Nakamoto Y, Okada T, Miyamoto S, Galldiks N, Stoffels G, Filss C, Dunkl V, Rapp M, Sabel M, Ruge MI, Goldbrunner R, Shah NJ, Fink GR, Coenen HH, Langen KJ, Guha-Thakurta N, Langford L, Collet S, Valable S, Constans JM, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Roussel S, Delcroix N, Bernaudin M, Abbas A, Ibazizene E, Barre L, Derlon JM, Guillamo JS, Harris R, Bookheimer S, Cloughesy T, Kim H, Pope W, Yang K, Lai A, Nghiemphu P, Ellingson B, Huang R, Rahman R, Hamdan A, Kane C, Chen C, Norden A, Reardon D, Mukundan S, Wen P, Jafrani R, Zinn P, Colen R, Jafrani R, Zinn P, Colen R, Jancalek R, Bulik M, Kazda T, Jensen R, Salzman K, Kamson D, Lee T, Varadarajan K, Robinette N, Muzik O, Chakraborty P, Barger G, Mittal S, Juhasz C, Kamson D, Barger G, Robinette N, Muzik O, Chakraborty P, Kupsky W, Mittal S, Juhasz C, Kinoshita M, Sasayama T, Narita Y, Kawaguchi A, Yamashita F, Chiba Y, Kagawa N, Tanaka K, Kohmura E, Arita H, Okita Y, Ohno M, Miyakita Y, Shibui S, Hashimoto N, Yoshimine T, Ronan LK, Eskey C, Hampton T, Fadul C, LaMontagne P, Milchenko M, Sylvester P, Benzinger T, Marcus D, Fouke SJ, Lupo J, Bian W, Anwar M, Banerjee S, Hess C, Chang S, Nelson S, Mabray M, Sanchez L, Valles F, Barajas R, Rubenstein J, Cha S, Miyake K, Ogawa D, Hatakeyama T, Kawai N, Tamiya T, Mori K, Ishikura R, Tomogane Y, Ando K, Izumoto S, Nelson S, Lieberman F, Lupo J, Viziri S, Nabors LB, Crane J, Wen P, Cote A, Peereboom D, Wen Q, Cloughesy T, Robins HI, Fisher J, Desideri S, Grossman S, Ye X, Blakeley J, Nonaka M, Nakajima S, Shofuda T, Kanemura Y, Nowosielski M, Wiestler B, Gobel G, Hutterer M, Schlemmer H, Stockhammer G, Wick W, Bendszus M, Radbruch A, Perreault S, Yeom K, Ramaswamy V, Shih D, Remke M, Luu B, Schubert S, Fisher P, Partap S, Vogel H, Poussaint TY, Taylor M, Cho YJ, Piludu F, Pace A, Fabi A, Anelli V, Villani V, Carapella C, Marzi S, Vidiri A, Pungavkar S, Tanawde P, Epari S, Patkar D, Lawande M, Moiyadi A, Gupta T, Jalali R, Rahman R, Akgoz A, You H, Hamdan A, Seethamraju R, Wen P, Young G, Rao A, Rao G, Flanders A, Ghosh P, Rao G, Martinez J, Rao A, Roh TH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Kushnirsky M, Katz J, Knisely J, Schulder M, Steinklein J, Rosen L, Warshall C, Nguyen V, Tiwari P, Rogers L, Wolansky L, Sloan A, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Tatsauka C, Cohen M, Madabhushi A, Rachinger W, Thon N, Haug A, Schuller U, Schichor C, Tonn JC, Tran A, Lai A, Li S, Pope W, Teixeira S, Harris R, Woodworth D, Nghiemphu P, Cloughesy T, Ellingson B, Villanueva-Meyer J, Barajas R, Mabray M, Barani I, Chen W, Shankaranarayanan A, Koon P, Cha S, Wen Q, Elkhaled A, Essock-Burns E, Molinaro A, Phillips J, Chang S, Cha S, Nelson S, Wolf D, Ye X, Lim M, Zhu H, Wang M, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Weingart J, Olivi A, van Zijl P, Laterra J, Zhou J, Blakeley J, Zakaria R, Das K, Sluming V, Bhojak M, Walker C, Jenkinson MD, (Tiger) Yuan S, Tao R, Yang G, Chen Z, Mu D, Zhao S, Fu Z, Li W, Yu J. RADIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii191-iii205. [PMCID: PMC3823904 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
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