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Cho W, Liu X, Forrest J, Fowler JD, Furst EM. Controlling the Morphology of Organic Crystals with Filamentous Bacteriophages. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:15707-15715. [PMID: 26153618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of thiamethoxam (TMX) organic crystals with high morphological uniformity was achieved by controlled aggregation-driven crystallization of primitive TMX crystals and phage using the filamentous M13 bacteriophage. The development of a regular, micrometer-sized, tetragonal-bipyramidal crystal structure was dependent on the amount of phage present. The phage appears to affect the supersaturation driving force for crystallization. The phage adsorption isotherm to TMX was well-fitted by the Satake-Yang model, which suggests a cooperative binding between neighboring phages as well as a binding of phage with the TMX crystal surface. This study shows the potential of phage additives to control the morphology and morphological uniformity of organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whirang Cho
- †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- ‡Syngenta Crop Protection 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - James Forrest
- ‡Syngenta Crop Protection 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Fowler
- ‡Syngenta Crop Protection 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - Eric M Furst
- †Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Tjhung KF, Deiss F, Tran J, Chou Y, Derda R. Intra-domain phage display (ID-PhD) of peptides and protein mini-domains censored from canonical pIII phage display. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:340. [PMID: 25972845 PMCID: PMC4412080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe multivalent display of peptide and protein sequences typically censored from traditional N-terminal display on protein pIII of filamentous bacteriophage M13. Using site-directed mutagenesis of commercially available M13KE phage cloning vector, we introduced sites that permit efficient cloning using restriction enzymes between domains N1 and N2 of the pIII protein. As infectivity of phage is directly linked to the integrity of the connection between N1 and N2 domains, intra-domain phage display (ID-PhD) allows for simple quality control of the display and the natural variations in the displayed sequences. Additionally, direct linkage to phage propagation allows efficient monitoring of sequence cleavage, providing a convenient system for selection and evolution of protease-susceptible or protease-resistant sequences. As an example of the benefits of such an ID-PhD system, we displayed a negatively charged FLAG sequence, which is known to be post-translationally excised from pIII when displayed on the N-terminus, as well as positively charged sequences which suppress production of phage when displayed on the N-terminus. ID-PhD of FLAG exhibited sub-nanomolar apparent Kd suggesting multivalent nature of the display. A TEV-protease recognition sequence (TEVrs) co-expressed in tandem with FLAG, allowed us to demonstrate that 99.9997% of the phage displayed the FLAG-TEVrs tandem and can be recognized and cleaved by TEV-protease. The residual 0.0003% consisted of phage clones that have excised the insert from their genome. ID-PhD is also amenable to display of protein mini-domains, such as the 33-residue minimized Z-domain of protein A. We show that it is thus possible to use ID-PhD for multivalent display and selection of mini-domain proteins (Affibodies, scFv, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina F Tjhung
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frédérique Deiss
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ying Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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53
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Tian Y, Wu M, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhou Q, Niu Z, Huang Y. Probing the endocytic pathways of the filamentous bacteriophage in live cells using ratiometric pH fluorescent indicator. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:413-9. [PMID: 25308797 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles have attracted extensive research interests in diverse applications of diagnosis and therapy. In particular, filamentous M13 bacteriophages have shown great potential in biomedical applications. However, its pathways entering into cells still remain unclear, and this greatly hinders its further use as a drug or gene carrier. Here, a ratiometric M13 pH probe is designed by conjugating two fluorescent dyes onto the surface of M13. Since the intensity ratio is not influenced by probe concentration, ion strength, temperature, photobleaching, and optical path length, this ratiometric probe can be used to investigate the intracellular pH map of M13. More importantly, the internalization mechanism of M13 can be elucidated. It is found that this filamentous phage shows great cell-type dependence in interaction with cells and internalization mechanism. The phage tends to be bounded on the cell membrane of only epithelial cells, not endothelial cells. Furthermore, the M13 phage enters into cells through endocytosis with specific mechanism: clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis for HeLa; vesicular transport, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis for MCF-7; caveolae-mediated endocytosis for human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMEC). This work provides key notes for cancer diagnosis and therapy based on filamentous bacteriophage, especially for design of pH-sensitive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Man Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhongwei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering Plastics; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
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Abstract
M13 bacteriophage (phage) has emerged as an attractive bionanomaterial owing to its genetically tunable surface chemistry and its potential to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. Furthermore, because of its unique nanoscopic structure, phage has been proposed as a model system in soft condensed physics and as a biomimetic building block for structured functional materials. Genetic engineering of phage provides great opportunities to develop novel nanomaterials with functional surface peptide motifs; however, this biological approach is generally limited to peptides containing the 20 natural amino acids. To extend the scope of phage applications, strategies involving chemical modification have been employed to incorporate a wider range of functional groups, including synthetic chemical compounds. In this review, we introduce the design of chemoselective phage functionalization and discuss how such a strategy is combined with genetic engineering for a variety of medical applications, as reported in recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Chung
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doe-Young Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea ; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Ghosh D, Bagley AF, Na YJ, Birrer MJ, Bhatia SN, Belcher AM. Deep, noninvasive imaging and surgical guidance of submillimeter tumors using targeted M13-stabilized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13948-53. [PMID: 25214538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400821111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive detection of small, deep tumors for early diagnosis and surgical interventions remains a challenge for conventional imaging modalities. Second-window near-infrared light (NIR2, 950-1,400 nm) is promising for in vivo fluorescence imaging due to deep tissue penetration and low tissue autofluorescence. With their intrinsic fluorescence in the NIR2 regime and lack of photobleaching, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are potentially attractive contrast agents to detect tumors. Here, targeted M13 virus-stabilized SWNTs are used to visualize deep, disseminated tumors in vivo. This targeted nanoprobe, which uses M13 to stably display both tumor-targeting peptides and an SWNT imaging probe, demonstrates excellent tumor-to-background uptake and exhibits higher signal-to-noise performance compared with visible and near-infrared (NIR1) dyes for delineating tumor nodules. Detection and excision of tumors by a gynecological surgeon improved with SWNT image guidance and led to the identification of submillimeter tumors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the promise of targeted SWNT nanoprobes for noninvasive disease monitoring and guided surgery.
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Chen PY, Hyder MN, Mackanic D, Courchesne NMD, Qi J, Belcher AM, Hammond PT. Assembly of viral hydrogels for three-dimensional conducting nanocomposites. Adv Mater 2014; 26:5101-5107. [PMID: 24782428 PMCID: PMC4878142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
M13 bacteriophages act as versatile scaffolds capable of organizing single-walled carbon nanotubes and fabricating three-dimensional conducting nanocomposites. The morphological, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites are presented, as well as its ability to disperse and utilize single-walled carbon nanotubes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Md Nasim Hyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Mackanic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Noémie-Manuelle Dorval Courchesne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jifa Qi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Angela M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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57
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Bardhan NM, Ghosh D, Belcher AM. M13 virus based detection of bacterial infections in living hosts. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:617-23. [PMID: 23576418 PMCID: PMC3989466 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a first method for using M13 bacteriophage as a multifunctional scaffold for optically imaging bacterial infections in vivo. We demonstrate that M13 virus conjugated with hundreds of dye molecules (M13-Dye) can target and distinguish pathogenic infections of F-pili expressing and F-negative strains of E. coli. Further, in order to tune this M13-Dye complex suitable for targeting other strains of bacteria, we have used a 1-step reaction for creating an anti-bacterial antibody-M13-Dye probe. As an example, we show anti-S. aureus-M13-Dye able to target and image infections of S. aureus in living hosts, with a 3.7× increase in fluorescence over background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelkanth M. Bardhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angela M. Belcher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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58
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Courchesne NMD, Klug MT, Chen PY, Kooi SE, Yun DS, Hong N, Fang NX, Belcher AM, Hammond PT. Assembly of a bacteriophage-based template for the organization of materials into nanoporous networks. Adv Mater 2014; 26:3398-404. [PMID: 24648015 PMCID: PMC4043913 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
M13 bacteriophages are assembled via a covalent layer-by-layer process to form a highly nanoporous network capable of organizing nanoparticles and acting as a scaffold for templating metal-oxides. The morphological and optical properties of the film itself are presented as well as its ability to organize and disperse metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie-Manuelle Dorval Courchesne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew T. Klug
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steven E. Kooi
- The Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dong Soo Yun
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Nanotechnology Materials Core, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nina Hong
- J.A. Woollam Co., Inc., 645 M Street, STE 102, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Nicholas X. Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Angela M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Abstract
Bacteriophages are traditionally used for the development of phage display technology. Recently, their nanosized dimensions and ease with which genetic modifications can be made to their structure and function have put them in the spotlight towards their use in a variety of biosensors. In particular, the expression of any protein or peptide on the extraluminal surface of bacteriophages is possible by genetically engineering the genome. In addition, the relatively short replication time of bacteriophages offers researchers the ability to generate mass quantities of any given bacteriophage-based biosensor. Coupled with the emergence of various biomarkers in the clinic as a means to determine pathophysiological states, the development of current and novel technologies for their detection and quantification is imperative. In this review, we categorize bacteriophages by their morphology into M13-based filamentous bacteriophages and T4- or T7-based icosahedral bacteriophages, and examine how such advantages are utilized across a variety of biosensors. In essence, we take a comprehensive approach towards recent trends in bacteriophage-based biosensor applications and discuss their outlook with regards to the field of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangwon Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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60
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Mandal HS, Su Z, Ward A, Tang X(S. Carbon nanotube thin film biosensors for sensitive and reproducible whole virus detection. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:251-7. [PMID: 22448194 PMCID: PMC3311235 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the label-free, sensitive, and real-time electrical detection of whole viruses using carbon nanotube thin film (CNT-TF) field effect devices. Selective detection of approximately 550 model viruses, M13-bacteriophage, is demonstrated using a simple two-terminal (no gate electrode) configuration. Chemical gating through specific antibody-virus binding on CNT surface is proposed to be the sensing mechanism. Compared to electrical impedance sensors with identical microelectrode dimensions (no CNT), the CNT-TF sensors exhibit sensitivity 5 orders higher. We believe the reported approach could lead to a reproducible and cost-effective solution for rapid viral identification.
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