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Epp SW, Hada M, Zhong Y, Kumagai Y, Motomura K, Mizote S, Ono T, Owada S, Axford D, Bakhtiarzadeh S, Fukuzawa H, Hayashi Y, Katayama T, Marx A, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Owen RL, Sherrell DA, Tono K, Ueda K, Westermeier F, Miller RJD. Time zero determination for FEL pump-probe studies based on ultrafast melting of bismuth. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054308. [PMID: 29152535 PMCID: PMC5658228 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A common challenge for pump-probe studies of structural dynamics at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) is the determination of time zero (T0)-the time an optical pulse (e.g., an optical laser) arrives coincidently with the probe pulse (e.g., a XFEL pulse) at the sample position. In some cases, T0 might be extracted from the structural dynamics of the sample's observed response itself, but generally, an independent robust method is required or would be superior to the inferred determination of T0. In this paper, we present how the structural dynamics in ultrafast melting of bismuth can be exploited for a quickly performed, reliable and accurate determination of T0 with a precision below 20 fs and an overall experimental accuracy of 50 fs to 150 fs (estimated). Our approach is potentially useful and applicable for fixed-target XFEL experiments, such as serial femtosecond crystallography, utilizing an optical pump pulse in the ultraviolet to near infrared spectral range and a pixelated 2D photon detector for recording crystallographic diffraction patterns in transmission geometry. In comparison to many other suitable approaches, our method is fairly independent of the pumping wavelength (UV-IR) as well as of the X-ray energy and offers a favorable signal contrast. The technique is exploitable not only for the determination of temporal characteristics of the experiment at the interaction point but also for investigating important conditions affecting experimental control such as spatial overlap and beam spot sizes.
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Weis CA, Märkl B, Schuster T, Vollert K, Ströbel P, Marx A. [True thymic hyperplasia : Differential diagnosis of thymic mass lesions in neonates and children]. DER PATHOLOGE 2017; 38:286-293. [PMID: 28429039 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive and neoplastic thymic pathologies are the main considerations in the case of masses in the anterior and middle part of the mediastinum, while neurogenic tumors are predominant in the posterior mediastinum (which are not dealt with here). In neonates and infants, the commonest pathologies in the anterior mediastinum comprise germ cell tumors (mainly teratomas), congenital thymic cysts and true thymic hyperplasia (TTH). In toddlers, teratomas, yolk sac tumors and cysts predominate. In children over 5 years of age, lymphomas are the commonest mass lesions whereas thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare. In addition, inflammation-linked hyperplasia in myasthenia gravis and rebound thymic hyperplasia after chemotherapy must be considered. Although rare at all ages, sarcomas must be considered in the differential diagnosis from birth onwards and throughout adolescence. Based on the report of a rare case of recurrent TTH, the differential diagnosis of this benign but potentially life-threatening condition is discussed.
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Fine B, Marx A, Topkara V, Gomez E, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Colombo P. An Integrated Analysis of Metabolomics After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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29
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Goetz J, Pogorzalek S, Deppe F, Fedorov KG, Eder P, Fischer M, Wulschner F, Xie E, Marx A, Gross R. Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:103602. [PMID: 28339239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In experiments with superconducting quantum circuits, characterizing the photon statistics of propagating microwave fields is a fundamental task. We quantify the n^{2}+n photon number variance of thermal microwave photons emitted from a blackbody radiator for mean photon numbers, 0.05≲n≲1.5. We probe the fields using either correlation measurements or a transmon qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Our experiments provide a precise quantitative characterization of weak microwave states and information on the noise emitted by a Josephson parametric amplifier.
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Solís-López A, Kriebs U, Marx A, Mannebach S, Liedtke WB, Caterina MJ, Freichel M, Tsvilovskyy VV. Analysis of TRPV channel activation by stimulation of FCεRI and MRGPR receptors in mouse peritoneal mast cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171366. [PMID: 28158279 PMCID: PMC5291405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of mast cells (MC) is part of the innate and adaptive immune responses and depends on Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane, leading to the release of preformed inflammatory mediators by degranulation or by de novo synthesis. The calcium conducting channels of the TRPV family, known by their thermo and osmotic sensitivity, have been proposed to be involved in the MC activation in murine, rat, and human mast cell models. So far, immortalized mast cell lines and nonspecific TRPV blockers have been employed to characterize the role of TRPV channels in MC. The aim of this work was to elucidate the physiological role of TRPV channels by using primary peritoneal mast cells (PMCs), a model of connective tissue type mast cells. Our RT-PCR and NanoString analysis identified the expression of TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 channels in PMCs. For determination of the functional role of the expressed TRPV channels we performed measurements of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations and beta-hexosaminidase release in PMCs obtained from wild type and mice deficient for corresponding TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4 in response to various receptor-mediated and physical stimuli. Furthermore, substances known as activators of corresponding TRPV-channels were also tested using these assays. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4 do not participate in activation pathways triggered by activation of the high-affinity receptors for IgE (FcεRI), Mrgprb2 receptor, or Endothelin-1 receptor nor by heat or osmotic stimulation in mouse PMCs.
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Smith DJ, Shelver WL, Marx A. Detection of residues in urine and tissues of sheep treated with trace levels of dietary ractopamine HCl1,2. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:5423-5433. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Molina T, Bluthgen M, Chalabreysse L, De Montpréville V, De Muret A, Hofman V, Lantuejoul S, Parrens M, Rouquette I, Secq V, Girard N, Marx A, Besse B. Pathological central review of 400 thymic epithelial tumors (TET): The national network RYTHMIC experience. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw391.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Marx A, Ströbel P. [Mediastinum]. DER PATHOLOGE 2016; 37:397-399. [PMID: 27553532 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-016-0225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Steinfeldt T, Volk T, Kessler P, Vicent O, Wulf H, Gottschalk A, Lange M, Schwartzkopf P, Hüttemann E, Tessmann R, Marx A, Souquet J, Häger D, Nagel W, Biscoping J, Schwemmer U. Peripheral nerve blocks on the upper extremity: Technique of landmark-based and ultrasound-guided approaches. Anaesthesist 2016; 64:846-54. [PMID: 26408023 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-015-0091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, DGAI) established an expert panel to develop preliminary recommendations for the application of peripheral nerve blocks on the upper extremity. The present recommendations state in different variations how ultrasound and/or electrical nerve stimulation guided nerve blocks should be performed. The description of each procedure is rather a recommendation than a guideline. The anaesthesiologist should select the variation of block which provides the highest grade of safety according to his individual opportunities. The first section comprises recommendations regarding dosages of local anaesthetics, general indications and contraindications for peripheral nerve blocks and informations about complications. In the following sections most common blocks techniques on the upper extremity are described.
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Abstract
Thymomas are rare tumors but are one of the most common mediastinal neoplasms in adults and exhibit an enormous variability in histological, biological and genetic features. The morphological spectrum within a given entity is enormous and some tumors with histological patterns of more than one entity are more common than pure histological subtypes. Due to a lack of subtype-specific markers classification of thymomas often requires complex diagnostic algorithms. The refined presentation including the definition of obligatory and optional features and of diagnostic immunohistochemical profiles, is the focus of the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thymomas, aiming at improving diagnostic reproducibility. This review highlights novel aspects of the WHO classification of thymomas and addresses typical differential diagnostic challenges with a focus on diagnostic pitfalls.
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Fedorov KG, Zhong L, Pogorzalek S, Eder P, Fischer M, Goetz J, Xie E, Wulschner F, Inomata K, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Di Candia R, Las Heras U, Sanz M, Solano E, Menzel EP, Deppe F, Marx A, Gross R. Displacement of Propagating Squeezed Microwave States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:020502. [PMID: 27447495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Displacement of propagating quantum states of light is a fundamental operation for quantum communication. It enables fundamental studies on macroscopic quantum coherence and plays an important role in quantum teleportation protocols with continuous variables. In our experiments, we have successfully implemented this operation for propagating squeezed microwave states. We demonstrate that, even for strong displacement amplitudes, there is no degradation of the squeezing level in the reconstructed quantum states. Furthermore, we confirm that path entanglement generated by using displaced squeezed states remains constant over a wide range of the displacement power.
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Kleinert S, Marx A, Faller H, Tony HP, Feuchtenberger M, Kneitz C, Lehmann S, Angermann C, Ertl G, Störk S, Breunig M. FRI0150 Depression, Inflammation and Mortality in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Verga D, Welter M, Steck AL, Marx A. DNA polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of nucleotides modified with a G-quadruplex-derived DNAzyme. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:7379-81. [PMID: 25825211 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We show that nucleotides which are modified with a G-quadruplex-derived DNAzyme are substrates for DNA polymerases. Based on this finding we developed a naked-eye detection system that allows the detection of single nucleotide variations in DNA.
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Ishikawa T, Hayes SA, Keskin S, Corthey G, Hada M, Pichugin K, Marx A, Hirscht J, Shionuma K, Onda K, Okimoto Y, Koshihara SY, Yamamoto T, Cui H, Nomura M, Oshima Y, Abdel-Jawad M, Kato R, Miller RJD. Direct observation of collective modes coupled to molecular orbital-driven charge transfer. Science 2015; 350:1501-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Girard N, Ruffini E, Marx A, Faivre-Finn C, Peters S. Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2015; 26 Suppl 5:v40-55. [PMID: 26314779 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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41
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Mueller C, Marx A, Epp SW, Zhong Y, Kuo A, Balo AR, Soman J, Schotte F, Lemke HT, Owen RL, Pai EF, Pearson AR, Olson JS, Anfinrud PA, Ernst OP, Dwayne Miller RJ. Fixed target matrix for femtosecond time-resolved and in situ serial micro-crystallography. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2015; 2:054302. [PMID: 26798825 PMCID: PMC4711646 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a crystallography chip enabling in situ room temperature crystallography at microfocus synchrotron beamlines and X-ray free-electron laser (X-FEL) sources. Compared to other in situ approaches, we observe extremely low background and high diffraction data quality. The chip design is robust and allows fast and efficient loading of thousands of small crystals. The ability to load a large number of protein crystals, at room temperature and with high efficiency, into prescribed positions enables high throughput automated serial crystallography with microfocus synchrotron beamlines. In addition, we demonstrate the application of this chip for femtosecond time-resolved serial crystallography at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS, Menlo Park, California, USA). The chip concept enables multiple images to be acquired from each crystal, allowing differential detection of changes in diffraction intensities in order to obtain high signal-to-noise and fully exploit the time resolution capabilities of XFELs.
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Pennekamp PH, Strauss AC, Klein C, Marx A, Goldmann G, Friedrich M, Marquardt N, Oldenburg J. Giant haemophilic pseudotumour of the pelvis: case report and literature review. Haemophilia 2015; 21:e484-6. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Géraud C, Marx A, Goerdt S. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: a very rare variant of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:2056-8. [PMID: 24911185 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Medyouf H, Mossner M, Nolte F, Jann J, Nowak V, Zens B, Müdder K, Oblaender J, Fey S, Fabarius A, Riedl E, Marx A, Roehl H, Mueller N, Metzgeroth G, Hütter G, Hofmann W, Trumpp A, Nowak D. O-013 Mesenchymal stromal cells support significant engraftment of low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in a murine xenograft model. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Bohn BA, Mina S, Krohn A, Simon R, Kluth M, Harasimowicz S, Quaas A, Bockhorn M, Izbicki JR, Sauter G, Marx A, Stahl PR. Altered PTEN function caused by deletion or gene disruption is associated with poor prognosis in rectal but not in colon cancer. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1524-33. [PMID: 23465274 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy shows clinical evidence in this malignancy and improves outcome. The tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is considered a potential predictor of nonresponse to anti-EGFR agents. The purpose of this study was to assess whether associations between PTEN alterations (PTEN gene deletion or PTEN gene disruption) and clinical outcome could be caused by a prognostic (and not predictive) effect of PTEN inactivation. Therefore, we analyzed 404 colorectal cancers not previously treated with anti-EGFR drugs in a tissue microarray format. PTEN deletion and PTEN gene rearrangements were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Heterogeneity analysis of all available large tissue sections was performed in 6 cases with genomic PTEN alteration. Twenty-seven (8.8%) of 307 analyzable colorectal cancer spots showed genomic PTEN alterations including 24 hemizygous and 1 homozygous deletion as well as 2 PTEN gene disruptions. Genomic PTEN alterations were associated with reduced patient survival in rectal cancer in univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .012; hazard ratio, 2.675; 95% confidence interval, 1.242-5.759) but not in colon cancer. Large-section evaluation revealed a homogeneous distribution pattern in all 4 analyzed cases with PTEN deletion and in both cases with a PTEN gene disruption. In conclusion, genomic PTEN gene alterations caused by deletion or gene disruption characterize a fraction of rectal cancers with particularly poor outcome.
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Menzel EP, Di Candia R, Deppe F, Eder P, Zhong L, Ihmig M, Haeberlein M, Baust A, Hoffmann E, Ballester D, Inomata K, Yamamoto T, Nakamura Y, Solano E, Marx A, Gross R. Path entanglement of continuous-variable quantum microwaves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:250502. [PMID: 23368439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.250502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Path entanglement constitutes an essential resource in quantum information and communication protocols. Here, we demonstrate frequency-degenerate entanglement between continuous-variable quantum microwaves propagating along two spatially separated paths. We combine a squeezed and a vacuum state using a microwave beam splitter. Via correlation measurements, we detect and quantify the path entanglement contained in the beam splitter output state. Our experiments open the avenue to quantum teleportation, quantum communication, or quantum radar with continuous variables at microwave frequencies.
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Reeh M, Mina S, Bockhorn M, Kutup A, Nentwich MF, Marx A, Sauter G, Rösch T, Izbicki JR, Bogoevski D. Staging and outcome depending on surgical treatment in adenocarcinomas of the oesophagogastric junction. Br J Surg 2012; 99:1406-14. [PMID: 22961520 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to controversial staging and classification of adenocarcinoma of the oesophago-gastric junction (AOG) before surgery, the choice of appropriate surgical approach remains problematic. In a retrospective study, preoperative staging of AOG and the impact of preoperative misclassification on outcome were analysed. METHODS Data from patients with AOG were analysed from a prospectively collected database with regard to surgical treatment, preoperative and postoperative staging, and outcome. RESULTS One-hundred and thirty patients with Siewert types I and II AOG who did not have neoadjuvant treatment were included in the study: 41 patients with an AOG type I who underwent oesophagectomy, 51 patients with an AOG staged before surgery as type I who underwent oesophagectomy but in whom the final histology showed a type II tumour, and 38 patients whose tumours were staged as AOG type II before and after operation who underwent gastrectomy. Among patients who had an oesophagectomy, lymph node metastases (P = 0.022), tumour relapse (P = 0.009) and recurrent distant metastases (P = 0.028) were significantly more frequent in patients with AOG type II; those with AOG type II had shorter overall survival than those with type I tumours (P = 0.024). Among those with AOG type II, recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter after oesophagectomy compared with extended gastrectomy (P = 0.019). Thoracoabdominal oesophagectomy had a favourable influence on outcome compared with the transhiatal approach. CONCLUSION Accurate preoperative staging of AOG and appropriate surgical therapy are crucial for outcome. AOG type II is a more aggressive tumour with higher recurrence rates than AOG type I. These patients therefore benefit from more radical surgical treatment.
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Marx A, de Graaf AA, Wiechert W, Eggeling L, Sahm H. Determination of the fluxes in the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with metabolite balancing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 49:111-29. [PMID: 18623562 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960120)49:2<111::aid-bit1>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To determine the in vivo fluxes of the central metabolism we have developed a comprehensive approach exclusively based on the fundamental enzyme reactions known to be present, the fate of the carbon atoms of individual reactions, and the metabolite balance of the culture. No information on the energy balance is required, nor information on enzyme activities, or the directionalities of reactions. Our approach combines the power of (1)H-detected (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to follow individual carbons with the simplicity of establishing carbon balances of bacterial cultures. We grew a lysine-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum to the metabolic and isotopic steady state with [1-(13)C]glucose and determined the fractional enrichments in 27 carbon atoms of 11 amino acids isolated from the cell. Since precursor metabolites of the central metabolism are incorporated in an exactly defined manner in the carbon skeleton of amino acids, the fractional enrichments in carbons of precursor metabolites (oxaloacetate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, erythrose 4-phosphate, etc.) became directly accessible. A concise and generally applicable mathematical model was established using matrix calculus to express all metabolite mass and carbon labeling balances. An appropriate all-purpose software for the iterative solution of the equations is supplied. Applying this comprehensive methodology to C. glutamicum, all major fluxes within the central metabolism were determined. The result is that the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway is 66.4% (relative to the glucose input flux of 1.49 mmol/g dry weight h), that of entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle 62.2%, and the contribution of the succinylase pathway of lysine synthesis 13.7%. Due to the large amount and high quality of measured data in vivo exchange reactions could also be quantitated with particularly high exchange rates within the pentose phosphate pathway for the ribose 5-phosphate transketolase reaction. Moreover, the total net flux of the anaplerotic reactions was quantitated as 38.0%. Most importantly, we found that in vivo one component within these anaplerotic reactions is a back flux from the carbon 4 units of the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the carbon 3 units of glycolysis of 30.6%. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Rudolph A, Toth C, Hoffmeister M, Roth W, Herpel E, Jansen L, Marx A, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J. Expression of oestrogen receptor β and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:831-9. [PMID: 22828608 PMCID: PMC3425967 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that sex steroids influence colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. The oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the predominantly expressed ER in the colon and loss of ERβ in CRC has been associated with advanced cancer stages. METHODS Information on vital status by the end of 2009 was obtained for 1262 CRC patients recruited between 2003 and 2007. The ERβ expression was immunohistochemically measured and associations of ERβ scores with overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for prognostic factors, such as tumour stage and second primary tumours. RESULTS Of the 1101 tumour samples with successful measurement, 535 were ERβ negative (48.6%), 381 (34.6%) showed moderate and 185 (16.8%) showed high ERβ expression. Compared with high ERβ expression, lack of ERβ was associated with higher cancer stages as well as greater tumour extent. In multivariate analyses, ERβ negativity was associated with an increased hazard ratio for death (HR=1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.40, P=0.02), death attributed to CRC (HR=1.54, 95% CI 0.99-2.39, P=0.06) as well as a poorer DFS (DFS HR=1.64, 95% CI 1.23-3.36, P=0.04). The associations were stronger in stage I-III patients (OS HR=2.20, 95% CI 1.28-4.06, P=0.007, DSS HR=2.38, 95% CI 1.20-5.39, P=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Lack of ERβ expression is associated with advanced cancer stages and independently associated with poor survival.
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Jordan W, Bielau H, Cohrs S, Hauth I, Hornstein C, Marx A, Reck C, von Einsiedel R. [Actual care and funding situation with regard to mother-child units for psychic disorders associated with pregnancy in Germany]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2012; 39:205-10. [PMID: 22581675 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CONCERN: The current care and financial situation of mother-child units for psychic disorders associated with pregnancies in Germany should be documented in preparation for the development of the new reimbursement system for psychiatry and psychosomatics. METHOD In accordance with the last survey of 2005, a brief questionnaire was developed and a nationwide poll was conducted. RESULTS The survey revealed severe (10 fold) service deficits for severely and gravely mentally ill mothers, who require an inpatient treatment with specific professional competence. Compared with the last poll, these service deficits have increased. This is due to continued insufficient funding and unresolved financing in the new reimbursement system. With the establishment of an additional code for mother-child treatment the precondition for ensuring the funding of this important care form in the new reimbursement system was created. CONCLUSION It is to be hoped that the decision-makers of health policy will finally face up to their social responsibility and ensure adequate funding of the additional diagnostic and therapeutic expenditure of mother-child treatment. The health care providers have an obligation to implement a transparent record of services of the additional expenditure and to augment the national evaluation approaches to inpatient mother-child treatments.
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