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Kalenga M, Collignon N, Andris C, Deprez M, Otto B. [Third cranial nerve palsies in childhood. A case report of sellar germ cell tumor]. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE BELGE D'OPHTALMOLOGIE 2011:31-36. [PMID: 22003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Third cranial nerve palsies are unfrequent in childhood and adolescence and are most often congenital. The association of sellar germ cell tumor and ophthalmoplegia is considered as being very rare at this age. CASE REPORT A 11-year-old young girl was examined in emergency with a third left cranial nerve partial palsy associated with one- year duration history of hypopituitarism with insipid diabetes and growth retardation. Cerebral IRM revealed a tumor of the pituitary gland. In histopathological examination of pituitary gland biopsies, lesions were compatibles with a sellar germ cell tumor. CONCLUSION Although they are most often of a congenital nature, third cranial nerve palsies in childhood may be secondary to other causes that should be always taken in mind. When they are secondary to a sellar tumor and according to the clinical presentation and the IRM, the histopahological examination of biopsies is mandatory to have a precise diagnosis.
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Roemmler J, Otto B, Arafat AM, Bidlingmaier M, Schopohl J. Influence of pegvisomant on serum ghrelin and leptin levels in acromegalic patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163:727-34. [PMID: 20699383 DOI: 10.1530/eje-10-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pegvisomant (peg) is a GH receptor antagonist. In de novo acromegalic patients with high GH levels, ghrelin and leptin levels are reduced, suggesting a direct GH-mediated effect. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether peg treatment in acromegalic patients may abolish the GH impact on ghrelin and leptin levels. METHODS Ghrelin, leptin and endogenous GH were measured in ten peg-treated acromegalic patients (three females/seven males, 47 years (28-57)), ten patients with active (act) and ten patients with inactive disease (inact) as well as in ten gender-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy volunteers (controls). Endogenous GH was measured using a special in-house assay without interference by peg; total ghrelin and leptin were determined using a commercial RIA and an immunofluorometric in-house assay respectively. RESULTS Age and BMI did not differ significantly between groups. Endogenous GH was significantly higher in peg (6.3 μg/l (1.5-41)) and act (9.3 μg/l (1.7-70)) compared with controls (0.1 μg/l (0.1-3.1)) and inact (0.35 μg/l (0.1-2.0), P<0.001). Ghrelin was significantly higher in peg (232 ng/l (96-351)) compared with act (102 ng/l (33-232), P<0.01), whereas ghrelin was not significantly different between the other groups. Leptin was highest in controls (19 μg/l (4-57)) and lowest in act (6 μg/l (2-21)), but this difference did not reach significance. CONCLUSION Treatment with peg seems to disrupt the feedback loop of ghrelin and GH, leading to elevated ghrelin levels. Furthermore, peg therapy appears not to have a strong impact on leptin levels, as acromegalic patients with and without peg treatment showed similar leptin levels.
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Seimon R, Stewart J, Otto B, Keast R, Clifton P, Feinle-Bisset C. Marked differences in gustatory and gastrointestinal sensitivity to oleic acid between lean and obese men. Appetite 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hippler H, Otto B, Schroeder J, Schubert V, Troe J. Diffusion Controlled Atom Recombination and Photolytic Cage Effect of Halogens in Compressed Gases and Liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19850890308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hippler H, Otto B, Troe J. Collisional Energy Transfer of Vibrationally Highly Excited Molecules. VI. Energy Dependence of 〈Δ E〉 in Azulene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19890930404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roemmler J, Kuenkler M, Otto B, Arafat AM, Bidlingmaier M, Schopohl J. Influence of long-term growth hormone replacement on leptin and ghrelin in GH deficiency before and after glucose load. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 158:40-6. [PMID: 19596030 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the effect of long-term GH substitution on leptin and ghrelin in GH deficiency (GHD). METHODS Leptin and ghrelin were measured after glucose load for 3 h in 52 pat and 10 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls. 22 GHD pat were on GH substitution (GH-Sub) for a median of 10 yr (range 2-27 yr). 30 age- and BMI-matched GHD pat were not substituted for at least 2 yr (non-Sub). RESULTS Basal leptin (8 microg/l (1-130) vs. 16 microg/l (3-89), p<0.05) and AUC of leptin (p<0.05) was significantly lower in GH-Sub compared to non-Sub. In the control group, leptin was higher compared to GH-Sub and similar to non-Sub (19 microg/l (4-57)). Ghrelin (baseline: non-Sub 113 ng/l (61-270), GH-Sub 145 ng/l (83-280), controls 131 ng/l (83-274)) were slightly but not significantly lower for non-Sub. After glucose load, a significant decrease in leptin appeared in both GHD groups, but not in the control group. Ghrelin decreased significantly in all groups. CONCLUSION Lipolytic GH causes lower leptin in GH-Sub. The reason for similar ghrelin might be the compensating effect of acute GH suppression and stimulating low fat mass on ghrelin. Leptin regulation after glucose load is impaired in GHD, whereas ghrelin regulation seems to be not effected.
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Enck P, Kaiser C, Felber M, Riepl RL, Klauser A, Klosterhalfen S, Otto B. Circadian variation of rectal sensitivity and gastrointestinal peptides in healthy volunteers. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:52-8. [PMID: 18761628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify diurnal variation of perception of rectal distension and the release of gastroenteropancreatic hormones. In 12 healthy male volunteers (25 years, range 22-32), a rectal balloon distension was performed. Rectal perception thresholds (minimal, urge and pain) and rectal compliance were double-measured with a computer-controlled barostat at seven standardized time points during the day (from 16.00 to 14.00 hours the following day). Blood samples were taken 30 min before and after each rectal distension procedure to determine plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and motilin. Sensory thresholds for urge and pain varied significantly with the time of day, with higher threshold levels in the evening than in the morning hours. Bowel wall compliance showed as well-significant variance at pain threshold and was higher during daytime than in the evening or at night. In contrast to motilin, release of CCK and PP also showed a significant variation depending on daytime. Perception of rectal distension stimuli as well as compliance was independent of intake of food and peptide hormone levels, but CCK and PP levels increased with food, and PP levels decreased with rectal distension. Significant differences in the perception of rectal distension stimuli for urge and pain depending on daytime were found, but the release of gastrointestinal peptides seemed not to be involved. This circadian variation needs to be taken into account in patients and volunteer studies.
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Iber T, Hecker K, Vagts DA, Roesner JP, Otto B, Steinicke A, Nöldge-Schomburg GFE, Rossaint R. Xenon anesthesia impairs hepatic oxygenation and perfusion in healthy pigs. Minerva Anestesiol 2008; 74:511-519. [PMID: 18854792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 15 years, there has been growing interest in the noble gas xenon as a new inhalational anesthetic. This is due to its favorable pharmacological properties such as short onset and offset, as well as its hemodynamic stability. However, most volatile anesthetics appear to play an important role in the multi-factorial etiology of perioperative liver injury by decreasing liver blood flow with a subsequent reduction of hepatic oxygen supply. However, the effects of the anesthetic gas xenon on hepatic perfusion and oxygenation have not been completely investigated. METHODS Following ethical approval, 18 anesthetized and acutely monitored pigs were randomly assigned to the two following groups: 9 animals received xenon anesthesia in increasing inspiratory concentrations of 0%, 20%, 50%, and 65% in addition to their basic intravenous anesthesia; 9 animals served as a control group. Measurement points for systemic and regional hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were performed 30 min after changing the xenon concentration. RESULTS Xenon elicited dose-dependent systemic hemodynamic changes such that the mean arterial pressure did not change, while the heart rate and cardiac output decreased by about 30%, thereby indicating an increase in the systemic vascular resistance. Portal venous blood flow decreased, while hepatic arterial blood flow was unchanged. The oxygen supply of the liver was reduced, but not the rate of indocyanine plasma disappearance from the liver. Furthermore, the increase of liver surface pO2 to systemic hyperoxia was absent, and hepatic lactate uptake was reduced. CONCLUSION Xenon, in addition to basic intravenous anesthesia, elicited a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output and an increase in mean arterial pressure. Similar to volatile anesthetics, xenon does reduce portal venous flow and influences hepatic tissue oxygenation. In contrast, hepatic arterial blood flow remains stable in the presence of xenon, and no changes in the hepatic arterial buffer responses were evident. Xenon does affect hepatic perfusion and oxygenation.
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Arafat AM, Adamidou A, Otto B, Weickert MO, Perschel FH, Spranger J, Schöfl C, Möhlig M, Pfeiffer AFH. Glucagon suppression of total but not of acylated ghrelin is preserved in obesity; the impact on appetite control. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roemmler J, Otto B, Steffin B, Bidlingmaier M, Schopohl J. Serum Leptin and Ghrelin Levels in Active and Inactive Acromegalic Patients During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008; 117:135-41. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Weickert MO, Möhlig M, Spranger J, Schöfl C, Loeffelholz CV, Riepl RL, Otto B, Pfeiffer AFH. Effects of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and lipid infusion on circulating cholecystokinin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:2328-33. [PMID: 18364380 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Functions of the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) include an important role in the regulation of gastric emptying, postprandial glucose homeostasis, and postmeal satiety. Postprandial CCK responses are significantly blunted in type 2 diabetic patients by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that hyperinsulinemia and lipid infusion influence circulating levels of biologically active CCK. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects were studied in a cross-over design after 10-h overnight fasts, using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps for 443 min, with an additional infusion of lipid-heparin (1.25 ml.min(-1)) or saline (1.25 ml.min(-1)) for the last 300 min after constant plasma glucose levels were achieved. RESULTS Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemia resulted in a sustained, up to 5-fold increase of plasma CCK (P < 0.001). When adding lipid infusion instead of saline, CCK concentrations rapidly declined and returned to baseline levels (CCK(300 min) 1.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/liter, P < 0.001). Partial intraclass correlation showed an independent correlation of plasma CCK with free fatty acids (r(ic) = -0.377, P < 0.001) but not with serum insulin (r(ic) = 0.077, P = 0.32). Whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased in lipid-exposed subjects (M value 7.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.9 mg.kg.min(-1), P = 0.017) but was not independently correlated with CCK (r(ic) = 0.040, P = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS We report novel findings showing that circulating CCK markedly increased in the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic state, possibly as a result of near-complete suppression of circulating free fatty acids. Moreover, raising blood lipids even moderately by lipid infusion rapidly and significantly interfered with this effect, suggesting that a negative feedback mechanism of blood lipids on circulating CCK might exist.
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Otto C, Berster J, Otto B, Parhofer K. EFFECTS OF TWO WHOLE BLOOD SYSTEMS (DALI AND LIPOSORBER D) FOR LDL APHERESIS ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN SEVERE HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIA. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weickert MO, Loeffelholz CV, Arafat AM, Schöfl C, Otto B, Spranger J, Möhlig M, Pfeiffer AF. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia differentially modulates circulating total and acylated-ghrelin in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:119-24. [PMID: 18362502 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a powerful orexigenic gut hormone. Circulating concentrations of total ghrelin are downregulated by food intake in both acute and chronic hyperinsulinemic states. However, in blood des-acylated (des-acyl) ghrelin is the predominant form that has no orexigenic effects in humans. Circulating acyl-ghrelin has been shown to be suppressed post-prandially and by pharmacological hyperinsulinemia. However, up to now responses of circulating acyl-ghrelin to moderate hyperinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic-hyperlipidemic clamp conditions have not been reported. Fourteen healthy subjects were investigated using two-stepped euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps (40 mU insulin/ m2/min; mean 148+/-7 min till steady state, followed by 300 min lipid/heparin infusion). Responses of total ghrelin and acyl-ghrelin were measured at timed intervals throughout the clamps. Des-acyl-ghrelin concentrations were calculated by subtraction. Total ghrelin significantly decreased vs baseline concentrations (819+/-92 vs 564+/-58 pg/ml, p<0.001), thereby confirming previous observations. Des-acyl ghrelin closely followed total ghrelin concentrations and significantly decreased vs baseline (772+/-92 vs 517+/-56 pg/ml, p<0.001). In contrast, neither euglycemichyperinsulinemia nor euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic- hyperlipidemia suppressed acyl-ghrelin below baseline concentrations throughout the clamps (46+/-3 vs 47+/-8 pg/ml, p=0.90). In conclusion, moderate hyperinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic- hyperlipidemic clamp conditions differentially modulated circulating total ghrelin and acylghrelin in humans. Factors other than changes in insulin and lipid concentrations are likely to contribute to the previously reported post-prandial reduction of circulating acyl-ghrelin.
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Otto C, Otto B, Frost RJA, Vogeser M, Pfeiffer AFH, Spranger J, Parhofer KG. Short-term therapy with atorvastatin or fenofibrate does not affect plasma ghrelin, resistin or adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed hyperlipoproteinaemia. Acta Diabetol 2007; 44:65-8. [PMID: 17530469 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-007-0244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-lowering therapy is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether lipid-lowering therapy might be associated with changes in the concentrations of metabolically important hormone concentrations. We performed a randomised cross-over open-label trial with atorvastatin (10 mg/day) and fenofibrate (200 mg/day), each for 6 weeks separated by a 6-week washout period in 13 patients (5 men, 8 women, age 60.0+/-6.8 years, body mass index 30.0+/-3.0 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mixed hyperlipoproteinaemia. Plasma ghrelin (RIA, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA, USA), adiponectin (ELISA, Biovendor, Heidelberg, Germany) as well as resistin (ELISA, Linco Research, St. Charles, MO, USA) concentrations were measured before and after atorvastatin as well as before and after fenofibrate. Ghrelin (462+/-84 pg/ml before vs. 464+/-102 pg/ml after atorvastatin, n.s.; 454+/-85 pg/ml before vs. 529+/-266 pg/ml after fenofibrate, n.s.), resistin (24.4+/-7.4 pg/ml before vs. 23.7+/-9.1 pg/ml after atorvastatin, n.s.; 23.4+/-8.2 pg/ml before vs. 19.9+/-5.5 pg/ml after fenofibrate, n.s.), adiponectin (10.89+/-5.33 pg/ml before vs. 12.41+/-5.75 pg/ml after atorvastatin, n.s.; 12.58+/-9.87 pg/ml before vs. 10.27+/-5.23 pg/ml after fenofibrate, n.s.) and insulin levels did not change significantly during lipid-lowering therapy. In patients with type 2 diabetes and mixed hyperlipoproteinaemia, short-term atorvastatin as well as fenofibrate therapy had no significant effects on adiponectin, ghrelin or resistin levels.
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Otto B, Cuntz U, Otto C, Heldwein W, Riepl RL, Tschöp MH. Peptide YY release in anorectic patients after liquid meal. Appetite 2007; 48:301-4. [PMID: 17157959 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fasting and postprandial levels of human peptide YY (PYY) were recently found to be lower in obesity. To investigate whether PYY levels are correspondingly high in patients with anorexia nervosa, PYY concentrations were analyzed under basal conditions and in response to a liquid meal. We investigated PYY plasma levels in 16 female anorectic (BMI 15.2+/-0.3 kg/m2) and seven lean subjects (BMI 21.3+/-0.6 kg/m2) before and after ingestion of a liquid meal (250 kcal; 15% protein, 55% carbohydrates, and 30% fat). PYY levels were analyzed using PYY ELISA (DSL, USA). Values are given as mean+/-SEM. Basal PYY levels in anorectic patients (89.0+/-14.4 pg/mL) were not significantly different from lean subjects (64.1+/-12.1 pg/mL). Postprandial PYY levels in healthy volunteers increased significantly after 20 and 60 min (80.4+/-12.7 and 96.0+/-19.9 pg/mL, respectively). In anorectic women PYY was increased at 20 min (137.9+/-19.5 pg/mL) and at 60 min (151.3+/-19.2 pg/mL). No difference was found between both groups. We conclude that basal and postprandial PYY levels in normal weight women are not different from anorectic patients. We could not confirm the recently published blunted postprandial PYY response in anorexia, a finding that merits further study.
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Fransolet AC, Born JD, Misson JP, Dresse MF, Forget P, Rausin L, Otto B, Weerts E, Rutten I, Closon MT, Bolle S, Lebrethon MC, Mouchamps M, Hoyoux C. [Management of medulloblastoma in children: the experience of a single institution in Liege from 1991 to 2005]. REVUE MEDICALE DE LIEGE 2007; 62:200-4. [PMID: 17566389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the experience of the Citadelle Hospital (Liege, B) in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of medulloblastoma in children. A retrospective study of 10 cases of medulloblastoma was performed. Five years after diagnosis, the event-free survival was 77%.
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Roemmler J, Otto B, Steffin B, Bidlingmaier M, Schopohl J. Ghrelin and leptin serum levels during an oral glucose tolerance test in active and inactive acromegalic patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rudovich N, Gögebakan ÖG, Otto B, Mohlig M, Spranger J, Weickert M, Pfeiffer AFH. The influence of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on ghrelin secretion in different metabolic conditions. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rapps N, Enck P, Martens U, Sammet I, Teufel M, Otto B, Zipfel S. Digestive und prädigestive Funktionen bei Patienten mit Essstörungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2007; 45:273-80. [PMID: 17357959 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-927383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, AN; bulimia nervosa, BN) frequently exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms and altered gastrointestinal functions, especially delayed gastric emptying. These symptoms are regarded as secondary to the disordered eating behaviour, vomiting or laxative misuse. They often improve during successful therapy. There are, however, studies showing that in addition predigestive functions (smell, taste, cephalic phase of digestion) and the hormonal regulation of digestion may be changed in eating disorders. This underlines the possibility that, in a subpopulation of patients with AN and BN, the disturbed digestive and predigestive functions may be involved in the pathogenesis of the eating disorders. The current literature is analysed and summarised in this context.
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Pfluger PT, Kampe J, Castaneda TR, Vahl T, D'Alessio DA, Kruthaupt T, Benoit SC, Cuntz U, Rochlitz HJ, Moehlig M, Pfeiffer AFH, Koebnick C, Weickert MO, Otto B, Spranger J, Tschöp MH. Effect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3-36. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:583-8. [PMID: 17119001 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings suggest that low plasma peptide YY (PYY) levels may contribute to diet-induced human obesity and justify PYY replacement therapy. Although the pharmacological value of PYY is controversial, further study of the secretion of the precursor PYY(1-36) and the pharmacologically active PYY(3-36) is indicated to determine the potential role in energy balance regulation. AIM Our objective was to determine the effects of acute and chronic changes in human body weight on circulating levels of the putative satiety hormone peptide YY. DESIGN Total plasma PYY levels (PYY(1-36) + PYY(3-36)) were measured in 66 lean, 18 anorectic, 63 obese, and 16 morbidly obese humans. In addition, total PYY was measured in 17 of the obese patients after weight loss and in the 18 anorectic patients after weight gain. Fasting PYY(3-36) levels were measured in 17 lean and 15 obese individuals. RESULTS Fasting total plasma PYY levels were highest in patients with anorexia nervosa (80.9 +/- 12.9 pg/ml, P < 0.05) compared with lean (52.4 +/- 4.6 pg/ml), obese (43.9 +/- 3.8 pg/ml), or morbidly obese (45.6 +/- 11.2 pg/ml) subjects. In obese patients, weight loss of 5.4% was associated with a 30% decrease in fasting total PYY plasma levels. In anorectic patients, weight gain had no effect on fasting PYY. PYY(3-36) levels did not differ between lean (96.2 +/- 8.6 pg/ml) and obese (91.5 +/- 6.9 pg/ml) subjects. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support a role for abnormal circulating PYY in human obesity. We conclude that circulating PYY levels in humans are significantly elevated in anorexia nervosa and, given the controversially discussed anorectic effect of PYY, could theoretically contribute to that syndrome.
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Weickert MO, von Löffelholz C, Arafat AM, Schöfl C, Otto B, Möhlig M, Pfeiffer AFH. Hyperinsulinämische und hyperinsulinämisch-hyperlipidämische Bedingungen supprimieren Gesamt-Ghrelin, aber nicht orexigen aktives Acyl-Ghrelin bei gesunden normalgewichtigen Personen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Klose J, Otto C, Enck P, Klosterhalfen S, Heldwein W, Otto B. Does ghrelin increase during nausea? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Otto B, Brennan IM, Feltrin KL, Meyer JH, Heldwein W, Horowitz M, Feinle-Bisset C. Intravenous administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) suppresses ghrelin and stimulates peptide YY (PYY) release in healthy men. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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