26
|
Helie C, Charles G, Ponties JE, Mayaudon H, Ducorps M, Castagne C, Bauduceau B. [Pregnancy during substitutive treatment for premature menopause]. Presse Med 1996; 25:128. [PMID: 8746091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
27
|
Emilien G, Maloteaux JM, Seghers A, Charles G. Lithium therapy in the treatment of manic-depressive illness. Present status and future perspectives. A critical review. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1995; 330:251-78. [PMID: 8836446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews critically the present status of lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness compared to the two anticonvulsant drugs, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Lithium is used successfully in the prophylaxis and treatment of manic-depression. The mechanism by which it exerts its effects is still not very clear. There is much evidence to indicate that lithium may exert its therapeutic action by interfering with the metabolism of phosphoinositides which play an important role in synaptic transmission. Because of lithium's narrow therapeutic/toxic ratio, blood concentration monitoring is crucial. Published data suggest that, compared to lithium, carbamazepine is similar in its relative specificity in treating mania. It is often faster in achieving its antimanic effects and best established as an alternative for patients not responding or intolerant to lithium. Carbamazepine is a good substitute for lithium when severe renal problems exclude the use of lithium. The therapeutic profile of valproic acid in manic-depression, although less extensively studied, appears to be similar to that of carbamazepine. As carbamazepine, it seems to be best indicated in patients with rapid cycles. Whereas lithium inhibits myo-inositol monophosphatase, carbamazepine shows a stimulating effect and valproic acid has no effect on this biochemical target. The implication of the inositol pathway in the pathogenesis of adverse effects, such as neurotoxicity and dermatological irritation, is discussed. A further understanding of this pathway is important for the future development of new lithium-like compounds in order to maximize the therapeutic benefits without the adverse effects.
Collapse
|
28
|
Schittecatte M, Garcia-Valentin J, Charles G, Machowski R, Pena-Othaitz MJ, Mendlewicz J, Wilmotte J. Efficacy of the 'clonidine REM suppression test (CREST)' to separate patients with major depression from controls; a comparison with three currently proposed biological markers of depression. J Affect Disord 1995; 33:151-7. [PMID: 7790666 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(94)00059-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that clonidine, infused i.v. during the second non-REM period, was significantly less REM sleep suppressant in depressed patients than in control subjects. We have named this procedure the 'clonidine REM suppression test (CREST)'. In this report, we compare in the same sample (15 patients with primary major affective illness, 10 normal controls, 15 patients with minor depression and 15 patients with generalized anxiety) the efficacy of the CREST to separate the major depressed patients from the control subjects with the efficacy of three currently proposed biological markers of depression, i.e., the latency of REM sleep, the dexamethasone suppression test and the clonidine growth hormone stimulation test. We found that the CREST had the highest efficacy and suggest that further studies with independent and larger samples of patients and controls are needed to confirm those preliminary results and establish if the CREST could provide a new biological marker of major affective disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Charles G. [Congestive pelvic syndromes]. REVUE FRANCAISE DE GYNECOLOGIE ET D'OBSTETRIQUE 1995; 90:84-90. [PMID: 7732255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic congestion syndrome is encountered in three pathological situations: premenstrual syndrome, intermenstrual syndrome, chronic pelvic congestion syndrome. The first two syndromes, with a range of physical and/or psychological symptoms, are cyclical. Their pathogenesis is multifactorial. Hormonal and circulatory factors are essentially blamed. Treatment is most often based upon combinations of progestogens and venotonics. The third syndrome, that of chronic pelvic congestion, is characterised by long term pelvic pain and raises etiopathogenic problems which remain only partially solved and in which a vascular role may sometimes be recognised. Endovaginal ultrasonography with colour-coded Doppler and celioscopy sometimes reveal pelvic varicose veins and indicate their responsibility for such pain, after having eliminated specific pelvic pathology (post-infectious or post-operative inflammatory sequelae of pelvic tissue, rupture of the broad ligaments, endometriosis, etc.). Treatment is above all medical, based upon hormone therapy acting upon venous receptors, venotonics which decrease the consequences of stasis, intermittent courses of anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics when there is inflammation secondary to local infection. These various types of treatment may be combined. Surgical treatment should be restricted to certain carefully assessed cases only.
Collapse
|
30
|
Charles G, Hansenne M, Ansseau M, Pitchot W, Machowski R, Schittecatte M, Wilmotte J. P300 in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychobiology 1995; 32:72-4. [PMID: 7477803 DOI: 10.1159/000119216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, P300 has been recorded in 26 subjects (15 women) 1 month after an aggression without organic complications. Among our sample, 16 subjects fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 10 did not. P300 amplitude was significantly lower in the 16 PTSD subjects as compared to the 10 subjects without PTSD. This study supports information processing disturbances in PTSD.
Collapse
|
31
|
Boyer B, Naudinat E, Falise B, Dubayle P, Charles G, Ponties JE, Pharaboz C. [Role of MRI in pre-clinical breast lesions. Preliminary results]. JOURNAL DE RADIOLOGIE 1994; 75:505-13. [PMID: 7799272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the value of MR imaging in nonpalpable breast tumors. Thirty-two women whose mammogram showed opacity, architectural distorsionor microcalcifications, underwent preoperative dynamic MR studies with quantitative evaluation of contrast enhancement. MR showed early contrast enhancement in 10/12 breast cancers (2 false-negative) and in 6/20 benign lesions (false-positive). Quantitative study of contrast enhancement does not allow clear differentiation between these lesions. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and purpose MR imaging for aid in detection of carcinomas. Multifocal sudden enhancements are possible in benign lesions and incite to limit MR to focal mammographic abnormalities.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ansseau M, Papart P, Troisfontaines B, Bartholomé F, Bataille M, Charles G, Schittecatte M, Darimont P, Devoitille JM, De Wilde J. Controlled comparison of milnacipran and fluoxetine in major depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1994; 114:131-7. [PMID: 7846195 DOI: 10.1007/bf02245454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and the tolerance of milnacipran (100 mg/day), a second generation antidepressant which equipotently inhibits both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake, was compared to fluoxetine (20 mg/day), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in two parallel groups of, respectively, 97 and 93 major depressive outpatients. The duration of the study was 6 weeks, with assessments every 2 weeks by means of the Montgomery and Asberg depression scale (MADRS), the Hamilton depression scale, the clinical global impressions (CGI), and a checklist of symptoms and side-effects. Results showed significant superiority of fluoxetine over milnacipran on most rating instruments: MADRS (P = 0.01) including five individual items, Hamilton depression scale (P = 0.002) including ten individual items, CGI of severity (P = 0.01) and therapeutical index (P = 0.002). On visual analogue scales assessing the clinical profile of the compounds, fluoxetine was rated as exhibiting more psychostimulating activity than milnacipran (P = 0.0008). The tolerance of the two antidepressants was very similar, with the exception of symptoms of dizziness which were more frequently reported with milnacipran (P = 0.01). These differences in efficacy favoring fluoxetine could result from the selection of a dose of milnacipran below the optimal therapeutic dose for this type of psychiatric patients or to the administration of the compounds in single daily intakes, whereas milnacipran possesses a plasma elimination half-life of only 7 h.
Collapse
|
33
|
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Dumont F, Garcia-Valentin J, Wilmotte J, Papart P, Pitchot W, Wauthy J, Ansseau M. Effects of gender and diagnosis on growth hormone response to clonidine for major depression: a large-scale multicenter study. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:216-20. [PMID: 8296892 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.151.2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to establish, in a large multicenter sample of patients classified according to gender and menopausal status, if the growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine discriminated patients with episodes of major depression from patients with episodes of minor depression. METHOD The GH response to intravenous clonidine administration (150 micrograms) was compared in 71 male and 140 female patients with major depressive episodes and 47 male and 53 female patients with minor depressive episodes. These patients were diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. RESULTS Differences in the GH response to clonidine between diagnostic groups occurred only between male patients. These results were found in the group as a whole and in each center. The GH responses to clonidine of premenopausal women differed significantly from those of postmenopausal women in each diagnostic group. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that gender and menopausal status are of the utmost importance in the interpretation of the clonidine GH test.
Collapse
|
34
|
Papadakis MA, Lee KK, Browner WS, Kent DL, Matchar DB, Kagawa MK, Hallenbeck J, Lee D, Onishi R, Charles G. Prognosis of mechanically ventilated patients. West J Med 1993; 159:659-64. [PMID: 8128673 PMCID: PMC1022451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study, we examined predictors of in-hospital and 1-year mortality of 612 mechanically ventilated patients from 6 medical intensive care units in a retrospective cohort design. The outcome variable was vital status at hospital discharge and after 1 year. The results showed that 97% of patients were men, the mean age was 63 +/- 11 years (SD), and hospital mortality was 64% (95% confidence interval, 60% to 68%). Within the next year, an additional 38% of hospital survivors died, for a total 1-year mortality of 77% (95% confidence interval, 73% to 80%). Hospital and 1-year mortality, respectively, for patients older than 70 years was 76% and 94%, for those with serum albumin levels below 20 grams per liter it was 92% and 96%, for those with an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score greater than 35 it was 91% and 98%, and for patients who were being mechanically ventilated after cardiopulmonary resuscitation it was 86% and 90%. The mortality ratio (actual mortality versus APACHE II-predicted mortality) was 1.15. Conclusions are that patient age, APACHE II score, serum albumin levels, or the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation may identify a subset of mechanically ventilated veterans for whom mechanical ventilation provides little or no benefit.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sibert E, Clairville MF, Katarzinski F, Hentgen MP, Charles G. [Surgical care of the multiple trauma patient]. SOINS. CHIRURGIE (PARIS, FRANCE : 1982) 1992:18-23. [PMID: 1304052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
36
|
Charles M, Little D, Jamie L, Hobson B, Charles G, Brown M. Angiotensin ii effect in a swine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9572(92)90094-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Schittecatte M, Ansseau M, Charles G, Machowski R, Papart P, Pichot W, Wilmotte J. Growth hormone response to clonidine in male patients with panic disorder untreated by antidepressants. Psychol Med 1992; 22:1059-1062. [PMID: 1488479 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700038630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a non-significantly higher growth hormone (GH) response to intravenous clonidine administration (150 micrograms) in 10 male patients with panic disorder who had never received antidepressant therapy than in 10 matched controls. These results are consistent with data suggesting a normal or increased adrenergic receptor sensitivity in panic disorder patients.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gilman SC, Justice J, Saepharn K, Charles G. Use of traditional and modern health services by Laotian refugees. West J Med 1992; 157:310-5. [PMID: 1413776 PMCID: PMC1011284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although refugee health care emerged as a special interest in the United States following the influx of almost a million Southeast Asians since 1975, few studies have been done of the influence of refugee traditions on the use of Western medical services. The illness patterns, medical beliefs, and health care behavior of a Southeast Asian refugee group, the Mien from Laos are described in this study. A cohort of 119 Mien refugees living in Richmond, California, was observed for a 6-month period. In-home interviews were undertaken about all episodes of ill health, including treatment and health care decisions. This study shows that the Mien integrate traditional healing beliefs and practices with the use of American health services. Such findings are important because the increasing cultural diversity in the United States, particularly in Western states, necessitates that health care professionals understand the importance of cultural factors for access to and the use of health care by all patients including refugees and other immigrant groups.
Collapse
|
39
|
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Garcia-Valentin J, Mendlewicz J, Wilmotte J. Reduced clonidine rapid eye movement sleep suppression in patients with primary major affective illness. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1992; 49:637-42. [PMID: 1322119 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clonidine hydrochloride, administered intravenously (2 micrograms/kg) during the second non-rapid eye movement period, was significantly less suppressant of rapid eye movement sleep in 10 depressed patients with primary major affective illness, according to Research Diagnostic Criteria, than in three groups of matched subjects (10 normal controls, 10 patients with minor depression, and 10 patients with generalized anxiety). These results suggest that depressed patients with major primary affective illness have down-regulated alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. These findings are consistent with the cholinergic-aminergic balance hypothesis of depression and support the aminergic side of the concept. Finally, the rapid eye movement sleep response to clonidine could provide a new biological marker of affective illness.
Collapse
|
40
|
Charles G, Hansenne M. [P 300 slow potential. Clinical interest in 3 mental diseases and neurobiology: a review]. L'ENCEPHALE 1992; 18:225-36. [PMID: 1299592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
P300 is a late component of evoked potential which meet special relevance to the study of cognitive processes. P300 indexes categorization processes and the context updating of memory. Its latency reflects the stimulus evaluation time, and P300 amplitude is related to some psychological variables such as expectancy, attention and stimulus significance. In this review, clinical correlation between P300 components and mental diseases are reported, especially dementia, schizophrenia and depression. Delayed P300 latency has been found in Alzheimer disease and in other forms of dementia. Reduced P300 amplitude as well as altered topography has been reported in schizophrenia. In depression, reduced P300 amplitude has been related with longer reaction time. Unfortunately, the diagnosis utility of P300 seems limited. The authors also propose an overview of the actual knowledge on neurobiological findings in the generation of the P300 wave. Anatomical data point out the importance of the limbic system, more specifically, of the hippocampus and the locus coeruleus, in generating and modulating P300 wave. Data from the literature on the psychopharmacological modifications induced by cholinergic, catecholaminergic and other agents, are reviewed. Although the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems are of some importance, these data emphasise the importance of the cholinergic system for the generation and modulation of P300 amplitude and latency. The value and interpretation of these neurobiological and clinical findings are discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Brohée D, Charles G, Machowski R, Schittecatte M, Piro P, Wilmotte J, Kennes B. Growth hormone response to clonidine and cortisol secretion pattern predict changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in major depressive patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992; 650:337-40. [PMID: 1605491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb49148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
42
|
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Nefve C, Valentin JG, Machowski R, Wilmotte J. Long-term downregulation of central adrenoceptor function by desipramine treatment: a clonidine study in normal subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 31:856-8. [PMID: 1322721 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90317-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
43
|
Charles G, Machowski R, Brohee D, Wilmotte J, Kennes B. Lymphocyte subsets in major depressive patients. Influence of anxiety and corticoadrenal overdrive. Neuropsychobiology 1992; 25:94-8. [PMID: 1625782 DOI: 10.1159/000118815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied 26 inpatients (17 females; mean age +/- SD: 41.2 +/- 14.3 years) who met the DSM III criteria for a major depressive episode and had a mean (+/- SD) Hamilton Depression Score of 19.3 +/- 8.0. All patients were drug free and medically healthy at the time of experimentation. We found a significant correlation between the CD4/CD8 ratio and the Hamilton Anxiety Score (r = 0.57, p less than 0.005). When splitting our sample in dexamethasone suppression test suppressors (DST-S) and nonsuppressors (DST-NS), this relationship appeared only in DST-NS (DST-NS: r = 0.81, p less than 0.005; DST-S: r = 0.20, p = NS). These results are discussed in terms of heterogeneity among major depressive disorders and possible relationships between catecholaminergic activity and the immune system.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sehgal A, Galbraith A, Chesney M, Schoenfeld P, Charles G, Lo B. How strictly do dialysis patients want their advance directives followed? JAMA 1992; 267:59-63. [PMID: 1489360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Cruzan case and the Patient Self-Determination Act will encourage patients to specify in advance which life-sustaining treatments they would want if they become mentally incompetent. However, strictly following such advance directives may not always be in a patient's best interests. We sought to determine whether patients differ in how strictly they want advance directives followed. DESIGN Interview study. SETTING Seven outpatient chronic dialysis centers. PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty mentally competent dialysis patients. INTERVENTION Using a structured questionnaire, we asked the subjects whether they would want dialysis continued or stopped if they developed advanced Alzheimer's disease. We then asked how much leeway their physician and surrogate should have to override that advance directive if overriding were in their best interests. Subjects granting leeway were also asked what factors should be considered in making decisions for them. RESULTS Subjects varied greatly in how much leeway they would give surrogates to override their advance directives: "no leeway" (39%), "a little leeway" (19%), "a lot of leeway" (11%), and "complete leeway" (31%). Subjects also varied in how much they wanted various factors considered in making decisions, such as pain or suffering, quality of life, possibility of a new treatment, indignity caused by continued treatment, financial impact of treatment on family members, and religious beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Strictly following all advance directives may not truly reflect patients' preferences. To improve advance directives, we recommend that physicians explicitly ask patients how strictly they want their advance directives followed and what factors they want considered in making decisions.
Collapse
|
45
|
Rate WR, Garrett P, Hamaker R, Singer M, Pugh N, Ross D, Haerr R, Charles G. Intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent head and neck cancer. Cancer 1991; 67:2738-40. [PMID: 2025836 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910601)67:11<2738::aid-cncr2820671104>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Forty-seven patients with recurrent head and neck cancer in a previously irradiated field were treated with surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). Recurrent disease occurred at a median of 18 months from primary treatment, and was at the primary tumor site in 31 and metastatic to regional lymph nodes in 16. Recurrences were squamous cell carcinomas in 42 and adenoid cystic in five. Surgical resection left microscopic residual disease in 41 and gross residual in six. All patients received IORT with a median of 20 Gy. Two-year actuarial survival is 54.9%, and 15 patients are alive and disease free with a median survival of 29 months. Two-year actuarial local control is 61.5%. A trend toward increased survival (P less than 0.09) and local recurrence control (P = 0.05) was noticed when treating microscopic residual disease as opposed to gross residual disease. Perioperative mortality was seen in 8.5% and there was no increase in morbidity secondary to IORT. The authors believe that surgical resection and IORT is an effective treatment modality for head and neck cancers recurrent in previously irradiated fields and is adaptable to tertiary care hospitals.
Collapse
|
46
|
Machowski R, Ansseau M, Charles G, Schittecatte M, Wilmotte J. Latencies of REM sleep and awakening in major depression: possible indicators of cholinergic activity. Neurophysiol Clin 1989; 19:385-91. [PMID: 2615750 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(89)80091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
REM latency and awakening latency were analyzed in a sample of 26 major depressive inpatients and 8 male controls recorded for two consecutive nights. A significant inverse relationship appeared between REM latency and awakening latency in depressed patients. The relationship was more marked in male than in female patients. No significant correlation between REM latency and awakening latency was observed in male healthy volunteers. The hypothetical cholinergic supersensitivity in major depression is proposed to explain the present relationship. These results suggest that awakening latency might also be taken into account in the evaluation of sleep disturbances in depressive illness.
Collapse
|
47
|
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Wilmotte J. Growth hormone response to clonidine in untreated depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 1989; 29:199-206. [PMID: 2798598 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) responses to i.v. clonidine administration (150 micrograms) were compared in untreated depressed patients and controls. There were 8 controls (6 males, 2 females), 16 patients with a major depressive episode (8 males, 8 females), and 16 matched patients with a minor depressive episode according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. Differences in the GH response to clonidine only occurred between male patients and controls. These results suggest that endocrinological variables are important in the interpretation of this neuroendocrine test. Findings in the subgroup of unmedicated male patients with a nonendogenous major depressive episode support the hypothesis of decreased noradrenergic receptor sensitivity.
Collapse
|
48
|
Schittecatte M, Charles G, Machowski R, Wilmotte J. Tricyclic wash-out and growth hormone response to clonidine. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154:858-63. [PMID: 2597894 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.154.6.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have observed a significantly higher growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine administration (150 micrograms i.v.) in 14 patients with a major depressive disorder who had never received antidepressant therapy than in 14 matched depressive patients who had not received tricyclic drugs for at least 15 days. Compared with a control group of eight subjects, untreated depressed patients, as a group, had a normal response, while matched patients had markedly blunted response. Results for the group of untreated depressed patients showed that some patients had a blunted response while others had a response in the normal range. The results suggest that studies on the GH response to clonidine in psychiatric patients need to take into account the confounding and long-lasting effects of tricyclics.
Collapse
|
49
|
Charles G. Determining which tests to choose. West J Med 1989; 150:73. [PMID: 18750520 PMCID: PMC1026293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
|
50
|
Bugeja V, Charles G, Collier D, Wilkie D. Primary mitochondrial activity of gossypol in yeast and mammalian cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:4217-24. [PMID: 2461202 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol showed primary antimitochondrial activity in yeast cells in that the drug (1) inhibited growth of cells utilizing mitochondrial substrates as carbon and energy sources, and (2) selectively inhibited mitochondrial protein synthesis. Primary antimitochondrial activity was demonstrated in guinea-pig keratinocytes (GPK) by early arrest of growth and loss of viability in medium with glutamine (a mitochondrial substrate) as carbon and energy source compared with cells utilizing glucose. Gossypol depressed oxygen uptake directly in respiring cells. Gossypol interacted with the known antimitochondrial agents ethidium bromide and 5-fluorouracil (FU), potentiating the activity of FU but reversing that of ethidium bromide in yeast and GPK. Also, the activity of the mitochondrial inhibitor oligomycin was reversed by the presence of gossypol in yeast cells but not tested in GPK. The uptake and retention of the mitochondria-specific dye rhodamine 123 were much depressed by gossypol in GPK. Gossypol showed little or no inhibitory effects in yeast or GPK in the presence of ethanol (0.2-0.5%). The drug was not mutagenic with respect to the yeast mitochondrial system. It was tentatively suggested that mitochondrial perturbation could explain the antifertility effect of gossypol if it is assumed that mitochondria have a special role to play in spermatogenesis and sperm motility, making these tissues more sensitive to mitochondrial inhibitors than somatic cells.
Collapse
|