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Yndriago L, Iribar H, Prieto I, Pérez V, Gardeazabal L, Maeva A, Strange A, Gutierrez A, Matheu A, Izeta A. 575 Characterization of aged dermal stem cell phenotype: implications for skin homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Banegas I, Prieto I, Segarra AB, Martínez-Cañamero M, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Angiotensin II, dopamine and nitric oxide. An asymmetrical neurovisceral interaction between brain and plasma to regulate blood pressure. AIMS Neurosci 2019; 6:116-127. [PMID: 32341972 PMCID: PMC7179365 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vital functions, such as blood pressure, are regulated within a framework of neurovisceral integration in which various factors are involved under normal conditions maintaining a delicate balance. Imbalance of any of these factors can lead to various pathologies. Blood pressure control is the result of the balanced action of central and peripheral factors that increase or decrease. Special attention for blood pressure control was put on the neurovisceral interaction between Angiotensin II and the enzymes that regulate its activity as well as on nitric oxide and dopamine. Several studies have shown that such interaction is asymmetrically organized. These studies suggest that the neuronal activity related to the production of nitric oxide in plasma is also lateralized and, consequently, changes in plasma nitric oxide influence neuronal function. This observation provides a new aspect revealing the complexity of the blood pressure regulation and, undoubtedly, makes such study more motivating as it may affect the approach for treatment.
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Bastida F, Crowther TW, Prieto I, Routh D, García C, Jehmlich N. Climate shapes the protein abundance of dominant soil bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:18-21. [PMID: 29852443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive models of climate change impacts would require a better integration of multi-omics approaches that connect the abundance and activity of microbial populations. Here, we show that climate is a fundamental driver of the protein abundance of Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria, supporting the hypothesis that metabolic activity of some dominant phyla may be closely linked to climate. These results may improve our capacity to construct microbial models that better predict the impact of climate change in ecosystem processes.
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Der Sarkissian S, Sauvé J, Larose É, Busque L, Aceros H, Prieto I, Basile F, Stevens L, Mansour S, Roy D, Noiseux N. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF CD133+ STEM CELLS IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC MI PATIENTS WITH LV DYSFUNCTION REVEALS PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF STEM CELL THERAPY FOR ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Martinez-Canamero M, Vargas F, De Gasparo M, Vanderheyden P, Zorad S, Ramirez-Sanchez M. Cystinyl and pyroglutamyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzing activities are modified coordinately between hypothalamus, liver and plasma depending on the thyroid status of adult male rats. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 69. [PMID: 29920473 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2018.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus determinates metabolic processes in liver through endocrine and autonomic control. Hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as thyrotropin releasing hormone or vasopressin, have been involved in liver metabolism. The thyroid status influences metabolic processes including liver metabolism in modulating those hypothalamic peptides whose functional status is regulated in part by aminopeptidase activities. In order to obtain data for a possible coordinated interaction between hypothalamus, plasma and liver, of some aminopeptidase activities that may partially reflect the hydrolysis of those peptides, pyroglutamyl- (pGluAP) and cystinyl- (CysAP) beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzing activities were determined fluorimetrically, both in their soluble and membrane-bound forms, in eu- hypo- and hyperthyroid adult male rats. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were induced with daily subcutaneous injections of tetraiodothyronine (300 μg/kg/day) or with 0.03% methimazole in drinking water for 6 weeks. Results demonstrated significant changes depending on the type of enzyme and the thyroid status. The most striking changes were observed for CysAP in liver where it was reduced in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperthyroidism. Significant intra- and inter-tissue correlations were observed. While there were positive inter-tissue correlations between liver, plasma and hypothalamus in eu-and hypothyroid rats, a negative correlation between hypothalamus and liver was observed in hyperthyroidism. These results suggest the influence of thyroid hormones and an interactive role for these activities in the control of liver metabolism. The present data also suggest a role for CysAP and pGluAP activities in liver function linked to their activities in hypothalamus.
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Der Sarkissian S, Sauvé J, Larose E, Stevens L, Yau T, Prieto I, Basile F, Mansour S, Roy D, Noiseux N. Identification of differential expression phenotypes of CD133 + stem cells in acute and chronic myocardial infarct patients and specific expression pathways underpinning therapeutic responsiveness in regenerative therapy. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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León-Sánchez L, Nicolás E, Goberna M, Prieto I, Maestre FT, Querejeta JI. Poor plant performance under simulated climate change is linked to mycorrhizal responses in a semiarid shrubland. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018; 106:960-976. [PMID: 30078910 PMCID: PMC6071827 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Warmer and drier conditions associated with ongoing climate change will increase abiotic stress for plants and mycorrhizal fungi in drylands worldwide, thereby potentially reducing vegetation cover and productivity and increasing the risk of land degradation and desertification. Rhizosphere microbial interactions and feedbacks are critical processes that could either mitigate or aggravate the vulnerability of dryland vegetation to forecasted climate change.We conducted a four-year manipulative study in a semiarid shrubland in the Iberian Peninsula to assess the effects of warming (~2.5ºC; W), rainfall reduction (~30%; RR) and their combination (W+RR) on the performance of native shrubs (Helianthemum squamatum) and their associated mycorrhizal fungi.Warming (W and W+RR) decreased the net photosynthetic rates of H. squamatum shrubs by ~31% despite concurrent increases in stomatal conductance (~33%), leading to sharp decreases (~50%) in water use efficiency. Warming also advanced growth phenology, decreased leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents per unit area, reduced shoot biomass production by ~36% and decreased survival during a dry year in both W and W+RR plants. Plants under RR showed more moderate decreases (~10-20%) in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and shoot growth.Warming, RR and W+RR altered ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) community structure and drastically reduced the relative abundance of EMF sequences obtained by high-throughput sequencing, a response associated with decreases in the leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and dry matter contents of their host plants. In contrast to EMF, the community structure and relative sequence abundances of other non-mycorrhizal fungal guilds were not significantly affected by the climate manipulation treatments.Synthesis: Our findings highlight the vulnerability of both native plants and their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi to climate warming and drying in semiarid shrublands, and point to the importance of a deeper understanding of plant-soil feedbacks to predict dryland vegetation responses to forecasted aridification. The interdependent responses of plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi to warming and rainfall reduction may lead to a detrimental feedback loop on vegetation productivity and nutrient pool size, which could amplify the adverse impacts of forecasted climate change on ecosystem functioning in EMF-dominated drylands.
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Barrera E, Astrain M, Prieto I, Ruiz M, Fernandez-Hernando J, Pedica R, Barcala J, Oller J, Afif M. Methodology for the deployment of ITER Fast Plant Interlock system. Use case: ITER Poloidal Field and Central Solenoid coil's power converter protection system. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jackson E, Greene K, Wyman A, Patton S, Prieto I, Bassaly R. 44: Risk factors for catheter associated urinary tract infections and catheter associated pain in women with voiding dysfunction following pelvic reconstructive surgery: A retrospective case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patton S, Prieto I, Jackson E, Greene K, Bassaly R, Wyman A. 38: Robotic assisted laparoscopic vesicovaginal fistula repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gonçalves Carrasquinho S, Teixeira S, Cadete A, Bernardo M, Pêgo P, Prieto I. Congenital Ocular Motor Apraxia. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 18:282-4. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210801800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Congenital ocular motor apraxia is a rare disease characterized by defective or absent voluntary and optically induced horizontal saccadic movements. Jerky head movements or thrusts on attempted lateral gaze are a compensatory sign. Most affected children have delayed motor and speech development. Cases associated with systemic diseases, neurologic maldevelopment, metabolic deficits, and chromosomal abnormalities have been described. Methods Case report and review of the scientific literature. Results The authors describe the ophthalmologic, pediatric, and neurologic evaluations and follow-up of a child with impaired horizontal saccades, jerky head movements, and delayed motor and speech development. Conclusions Congenital ocular motor apraxia is an uncommon disorder of ocular motility. Even so, ophthalmologists should be aware of the developmental delay and the other associated conditions, in order to grant the patients the multidisciplinary assistance they often require.
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Prieto I, Querejeta JI, Segrestin J, Volaire F, Roumet C. Leaf carbon and oxygen isotopes are coordinated with the leaf economics spectrum in Mediterranean rangeland species. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tak T, Hong J, Lee T, Lee W, Kwon G, Prieto I, Pedica R, Lee G, Cho J, Bang G. Plasma protection module design for ITER CIS fast architecture. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Kubaichuk K, Knaus UG, Lopez MG, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Petry A, Schulz R, Vina J, Winyard P, Abbas K, Ademowo OS, Afonso CB, Andreadou I, Antelmann H, Antunes F, Aslan M, Bachschmid MM, Barbosa RM, Belousov V, Berndt C, Bernlohr D, Bertrán E, Bindoli A, Bottari SP, Brito PM, Carrara G, Casas AI, Chatzi A, Chondrogianni N, Conrad M, Cooke MS, Costa JG, Cuadrado A, My-Chan Dang P, De Smet B, Debelec-Butuner B, Dias IHK, Dunn JD, Edson AJ, El Assar M, El-Benna J, Ferdinandy P, Fernandes AS, Fladmark KE, Förstermann U, Giniatullin R, Giricz Z, Görbe A, Griffiths H, Hampl V, Hanf A, Herget J, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Hillion M, Huang J, Ilikay S, Jansen-Dürr P, Jaquet V, Joles JA, Kalyanaraman B, Kaminskyy D, Karbaschi M, Kleanthous M, Klotz LO, Korac B, Korkmaz KS, Koziel R, Kračun D, Krause KH, Křen V, Krieg T, Laranjinha J, Lazou A, Li H, Martínez-Ruiz A, Matsui R, McBean GJ, Meredith SP, Messens J, Miguel V, Mikhed Y, Milisav I, Milković L, Miranda-Vizuete A, Mojović M, Monsalve M, Mouthuy PA, Mulvey J, Münzel T, Muzykantov V, Nguyen ITN, Oelze M, Oliveira NG, Palmeira CM, Papaevgeniou N, Pavićević A, Pedre B, Peyrot F, Phylactides M, Pircalabioru GG, Pitt AR, Poulsen HE, Prieto I, Rigobello MP, Robledinos-Antón N, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Rolo AP, Rousset F, Ruskovska T, Saraiva N, Sasson S, Schröder K, Semen K, Seredenina T, Shakirzyanova A, Smith GL, Soldati T, Sousa BC, Spickett CM, Stancic A, Stasia MJ, Steinbrenner H, Stepanić V, Steven S, Tokatlidis K, Tuncay E, Turan B, Ursini F, Vacek J, Vajnerova O, Valentová K, Van Breusegem F, Varisli L, Veal EA, Yalçın AS, Yelisyeyeva O, Žarković N, Zatloukalová M, Zielonka J, Touyz RM, Papapetropoulos A, Grune T, Lamas S, Schmidt HHHW, Di Lisa F, Daiber A. Corrigendum to "European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS)" [Redox Biol. 13 (2017) 94-162]. Redox Biol 2017; 14:694-696. [PMID: 29107648 PMCID: PMC5975209 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Der Sarkissian S, Sauvé J, Larose E, Aceros H, Mansour S, Stevens L, Prieto I, Basile F, Roy D, Noiseux N. RNA-SEQ DATA ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES STEM CELL TRANSCRIPTOMIC SIGNATURES UNDERPINNING THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF PATIENT CELLS IN THE IMPACT-CABG TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Prieto I, Segarra AB, Martinez-Canamero M, De Gasparo M, Zorad S, Ramirez-Sanchez M. Bidirectional asymmetry in the neurovisceral communication for the cardiovascular control: New insights. Endocr Regul 2017; 51:157-167. [DOI: 10.1515/enr-2017-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The cardiovascular control involves a bidirectional functional connection between the brain and heart. We hypothesize that this connection could be extended to other organs using endocrine and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) as communication pathways. This implies a neuroendocrine interaction controlling particularly the cardiovascular function where the enzymatic cascade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role. It acts not only through its classic endocrine connection but also the ANS. In addition, the brain is functionally, anatomically, and neurochemically asymmetric. Moreover, this asymmetry goes even beyond the brain and it includes both sides of the peripheral nervous and neuroendocrine systems. We revised the available information and analyze the asymmetrical neuroendocrine bidirectional interaction for the cardiovascular control. Negative and positive correlations involving the RAS have been observed between brain, heart, kidney, gut, and plasma in physiologic and pathologic conditions. The central role of the peptides and enzymes of the RAS within this neurovisceral communication, as well as the importance of the asymmetrical distribution of the various RAS components in the pathologies involving this connection, are particularly discussed. In conclusion, there are numerous evidences supporting the existence of a neurovisceral connection with multiorgan involvement that controls, among others, the cardiovascular function. This connection is asymmetrically organized.
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Chillón MC, Jiménez C, García-Sanz R, Alcoceba M, Prieto I, García-Alvarez M, Antón A, Maldonado R, Hernández-Ruano M, González M, Gutiérrez NC, Sarasquete ME. Quantitative PCR: an alternative approach to detect common copy number alterations in multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1699-1705. [PMID: 28770277 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 1q gains and 13q deletions are common cytogenetic aberrations in multiple myeloma (MM) that confer a poor prognosis. There are several techniques for the targeted study of these alterations, but interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the current gold standard. The aim of the present study was to validate quantitative PCR (qPCR) as an alternative to FISH studies in CD138+-enriched plasma cells (PCs) from MM patients at diagnosis. We analyzed 1q gains and 13q deletions by qPCR in 57 and 60 MM patients, respectively. qPCR applicability was 84 and 88% for 1q and 13q, respectively. The qPCR and FISH methods had a sensitivity and specificity of 88 and 71% for 1q gains, and 79 and 100% for 13q deletions. A second qPCR assay for each region was carried out to confirm the previous results. Paired qPCR (two assays) and FISH results were available from 53 MM patients: 26 for 1q amplification and 27 for 13q deletion. qPCR assays gave concordant results (qPCR-consistent) in 20 of the 26 (77%) 1q gains and 25 of the 27 (93%) 13q deletions. Considering only the consistent data, the overall concordance among qPCR and FISH was 85 and 100% for 1q gains and 13q deletions, respectively. Our results show a substantial agreement between qPCR and the gold standard FISH technique, indicating the potential of qPCR as an alternative approach, particularly when the starting material is too scarce or cells are too damaged to obtain accurate results from FISH studies.
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Luna J, Ilundain A, Gómez-Tejedor S, Esteban D, Rincón M, Olivera J, Vásquez W, Prieto I, Guzmán L, Vara J. EP-1432: Advantage of butterfly-vmat versus vmat in mediastinal tumors. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rincon M, Olivera J, Penedo J, Prieto I, Gomez S, Garcia M, Luna J, Esteban D, Ilundain A, Vara J. EP-1074: Dose impact using standard head and neck immobilization system in brain tumours. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Banegas I, Prieto I, Segarra A, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Study of the Neuropeptide Function in Parkinson’s Disease Using the 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Experimental Hemiparkinsonism. AIMS Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2017.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Segarra AB, Banegas I, Prieto I, Ramirez-Sanchez M. [Brain asymmetry and dopamine: beyond motor implications in Parkinson's disease and experimental hemiparkinsonism]. Rev Neurol 2016; 63:415-421. [PMID: 27779302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain asymmetry could be defined as the existence of functional, anatomic or neurochemical differences between both hemispheres. It is a dynamic phenomenon, regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Its functional significance is poorly clarified and is only partially understood in very specific cases such as the relationship between the lateralized brain content of dopamine and its motor effects which is specially patent in Parkinson's disease. DEVELOPMENT The asymmetric brain content of dopamine not only displays lateralized motor effects but also behavioral and autonomic asymmetric consequences. In fact, Parkinson's disease is characterized not only by unilateral motor symptoms that arise at the early stages, but has other non-motor symptoms such as autonomic or cognitive alterations that are also revealed asymmetrically. CONCLUSIONS Brain asymmetry has been underestimated when analyzing the pathogeny of brain diseases and it has been partially studied only in some specific cases, such as Parkinson's disease. However, in order to appropriately understand some brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease, the need to consider this phenomenon has been highlighted.
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Vegas JO, Rincón M, Vasquez W, Garcia M, Perez A, Vara J, Luna J, Prieto I, Tejedor SG, Penedo J, Esteban D, Ilundain A. Accuracy Treatments With Frameless Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Defrenet E, Roupsard O, Van den Meersche K, Charbonnier F, Pastor Pérez-Molina J, Khac E, Prieto I, Stokes A, Roumet C, Rapidel B, de Melo Virginio Filho E, Vargas VJ, Robelo D, Barquero A, Jourdan C. Root biomass, turnover and net primary productivity of a coffee agroforestry system in Costa Rica: effects of soil depth, shade trees, distance to row and coffee age. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:833-851. [PMID: 27551026 PMCID: PMC5055638 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims In Costa Rica, coffee (Coffea arabica) plants are often grown in agroforests. However, it is not known if shade-inducing trees reduce coffee plant biomass through root competition, and hence alter overall net primary productivity (NPP). We estimated biomass and NPP at the stand level, taking into account deep roots and the position of plants with regard to trees. Methods Stem growth and root biomass, turnover and decomposition were measured in mixed coffee/tree (Erythrina poeppigiana) plantations. Growth ring width and number at the stem base were estimated along with stem basal area on a range of plant sizes. Root biomass and fine root density were measured in trenches to a depth of 4 m. To take into account the below-ground heterogeneity of the agroforestry system, fine root turnover was measured by sequential soil coring (to a depth of 30 cm) over 1 year and at different locations (in full sun or under trees and in rows/inter-rows). Allometric relationships were used to calculate NPP of perennial components, which was then scaled up to the stand level. Key Results Annual ring width at the stem base increased up to 2·5 mm yr-1 with plant age (over a 44-year period). Nearly all (92 %) coffee root biomass was located in the top 1·5 m, and only 8 % from 1·5 m to a depth of 4 m. Perennial woody root biomass was 16 t ha-1 and NPP of perennial roots was 1·3 t ha-1 yr-1. Fine root biomass (0-30 cm) was two-fold higher in the row compared with between rows. Fine root biomass was 2·29 t ha-1 (12 % of total root biomass) and NPP of fine roots was 2·96 t ha-1 yr-1 (69 % of total root NPP). Fine root turnover was 1·3 yr-1 and lifespan was 0·8 years. Conclusions Coffee root systems comprised 49 % of the total plant biomass; such a high ratio is possibly a consequence of shoot pruning. There was no significant effect of trees on coffee fine root biomass, suggesting that coffee root systems are very competitive in the topsoil.
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San Román E, Vitrey A, Buencuerpo J, Prieto I, Llorens JM, García-Martín A, Alén B, Chaudhuri A, Neumann A, Brueck SRJ, Ripalda JM. Cloaking of solar cell contacts at the onset of Rayleigh scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28669. [PMID: 27339390 PMCID: PMC4919638 DOI: 10.1038/srep28669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical contacts on the top surface of solar cells and light emitting diodes cause
shadow losses. The phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission through arrays
of subwavelength holes suggests the possibility of engineering such contacts to
reduce the shadow using plasmonics, but resonance effects occur only at specific
wavelengths. Here we describe instead a broadband effect of enhanced light
transmission through arrays of subwavelength metallic wires, due to the fact that,
in the absence of resonances, metal wires asymptotically tend to invisibility in the
small size limit regardless of the fraction of the device area taken up by the
contacts. The effect occurs for wires more than an order of magnitude thicker than
the transparency limit for metal thin films. Finite difference in time domain
calculations predict that it is possible to have high cloaking efficiencies in a
broadband wavelength range, and we experimentally demonstrate contact shadow losses
less than half of the geometric shadow.
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Macek P, Prieto I, Macková J, Pistón N, Pugnaire FI. Functional Plant Types Drive Plant Interactions in a Mediterranean Mountain Range. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:662. [PMID: 27242863 PMCID: PMC4876123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Shrubs have positive (facilitation) and negative (competition) effects on understory plants, the net interaction effect being modulated by abiotic conditions. Overall shrubs influence to great extent the structure of plant communities where they have significant presence. Interactions in a plant community are quite diverse but little is known about their variability and effects at community level. Here we checked the effects of co-occurring shrub species from different functional types on a focal understory species, determining mechanisms driving interaction outcome, and tested whether effects measured on the focal species were a proxy for effects measured at the community level. Growth, physiological, and reproductive traits of Euphorbia nicaeensis, our focal species, were recorded on individuals growing in association with four dominant shrub species and in adjacent open areas. We also recorded community composition and environmental conditions in each microhabitat. Shrubs provided environmental conditions for plant growth, which contrasted with open areas, including moister soil, greater N content, higher air temperatures, and lower radiation. Shrub-associated individuals showed lower reproductive effort and greater allocation to growth, while most physiological traits remained unaffected. Euphorbia individuals were bigger and had more leaf N under N-fixing than under non-fixing species. Soil moisture was also higher under N-fixing shrubs; therefore soil conditions in the understory may counter reduced light conditions. There was a significant effect of species identity and functional types in the outcome of plant interactions with consistent effects at individual and community levels. The contrasting allocation strategies to reproduction and growth in Euphorbia plants, either associated or not with shrubs, showed high phenotypic plasticity and evidence its ability to cope with contrasting environmental conditions.
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