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Pimentel GD, Dornellas APS, Rosa JC, Lira FS, Cunha CA, Boldarine VT, de Souza GIH, Hirata AE, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Watanabe RLH, Ribeiro EB. High-fat diets rich in soy or fish oil distinctly alter hypothalamic insulin signaling in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:822-8. [PMID: 21852082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic insulin inhibits food intake, preventing obesity. High-fat feeding with polyunsaturated fats may be obesogenic, but their effect on insulin action has not been elucidated. The present study evaluated insulin hypophagia and hypothalamic signaling after central injection in rats fed either control diet (15% energy from fat) or high-fat diets (50% energy from fat) enriched with either soy or fish oil. Soy rats had increased fat pad weight and serum leptin with normal body weight, serum lipid profile and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Fish rats had decreased body and fat pad weight, low leptin and corticosterone levels, and improved serum lipid profile. A 20-mU dose of intracerebroventricular (ICV) insulin inhibited food intake in control and fish groups, but failed to do so in the soy group. Hypothalamic protein levels of IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and AMPK were similar among groups. ICV insulin stimulated IR tyrosine phosphorylation in control (68%), soy (36%) and fish (34%) groups. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the pp185 band was significantly stimulated in control (78%) and soy (53%) rats, but not in fish rats. IRS-1 phosphorylation was stimulated only in control rats (94%). Akt serine phosphorylation was significantly stimulated only in control (90%) and fish (78%) rats. The results showed that, rather than the energy density, the fat type was a relevant aspect of high-fat feeding, since blockade of hypothalamic insulin signal transmission and insulin hypophagia was promoted only by the high-fat soy diet, while they were preserved in the rats fed with the high-fat fish diet.
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Pedroso AP, Watanabe RLH, Albuquerque KT, Telles MM, Andrade MCC, Perez JD, Sakata MM, Lima ML, Estadella D, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Rosa JC, Casarini DE, Ribeiro EB. Proteomic profiling of the rat hypothalamus. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:26. [PMID: 22519962 PMCID: PMC3441799 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in numerous mechanisms highly relevant to the maintenance of body homeostasis, such as the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Impairment of these mechanisms has been associated with the metabolic disturbances involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Since rodent species constitute important models for metabolism studies and the rat hypothalamus is poorly characterized by proteomic strategies, we performed experiments aimed at constructing a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profile of rat hypothalamus proteins. Results As a first step, we established the best conditions for tissue collection and protein extraction, quantification and separation. The extraction buffer composition selected for proteome characterization of rat hypothalamus was urea 7 M, thiourea 2 M, CHAPS 4%, Triton X-100 0.5%, followed by a precipitation step with chloroform/methanol. Two-dimensional (2-D) gels of hypothalamic extracts from four-month-old rats were analyzed; the protein spots were digested and identified by using tandem mass spectrometry and database query using the protein search engine MASCOT. Eighty-six hypothalamic proteins were identified, the majority of which were classified as participating in metabolic processes, consistent with the finding of a large number of proteins with catalytic activity. Genes encoding proteins identified in this study have been related to obesity development. Conclusion The present results indicate that the 2-DE technique will be useful for nutritional studies focusing on hypothalamic proteins. The data presented herein will serve as a reference database for studies testing the effects of dietary manipulations on hypothalamic proteome. We trust that these experiments will lead to important knowledge on protein targets of nutritional variables potentially able to affect the complex central nervous system control of energy homeostasis.
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Pimentel GD, Lira FS, Rosa JC, Oliveira JL, Losinskas-Hachul AC, Souza GI, das Graças T. do Carmo M, Santos RV, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Seelaender M, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, Watanabe RH, Ribeiro EB, Pisani LP. Intake of trans fatty acids during gestation and lactation leads to hypothalamic inflammation via TLR4/NFκBp65 signaling in adult offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Leão da Silva P, de Mello MT, Cheik NC, Sanches PL, Munhoz da Silveira Campos R, Carnier J, Inoue D, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Tock L, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Reduction in the leptin concentration as a predictor of improvement in lung function in obese adolescents. Obes Facts 2012. [PMID: 23207491 DOI: 10.1159/000345840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of weight loss on adipokines, asthma-related symptoms, exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) and lung function, and to evaluate the role of leptin and adiponectin levels on lung function after treatment in obese adolescents. METHODS 84 postpubertal obese adolescents were enrolled and distributed in quartiles according to weight loss (low (<2.5 kg), low to moderate (>2.5 and <8 kg), moderate (<8 and <14 kg) and massive (<14 kg)). Body composition was measured by plethysmography, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were detected by ultrasound. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were analyzed. Lung function, asthma and EIB were evaluated according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. Patients were submitted to 1 year of interdisciplinary intervention consisting of physiotherapy, medical, nutritional, exercise, and psychological therapy. RESULTS After treatment the moderate and massive weight loss promoted an increase in adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio as well as a decrease in leptin levels and a reduction in EIB frequency and asthma-related symptoms. Furthermore, the reduction in leptin levels was a predictor factor to improvement in lung function. CONCLUSION Interdisciplinary therapy was able to decrease EIB and asthma-related symptoms and to improve pro/anti-inflammatory adipokines. Additionally, the leptin concentration was a predictor factor to explain changes in lung function.
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da Silva PL, de Mello MT, Cheik NC, Sanches PL, Correia FA, de Piano A, Corgosinho FC, Campos RMDS, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Tock L, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Interdisciplinary therapy improves biomarkers profile and lung function in asthmatic obese adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 2012; 47:8-17. [PMID: 22170805 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The simultaneous rise in the prevalence of asthma and obesity in the world, have demonstrated the importance of the development of treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term results of interdisciplinary therapy on inflammatory biomarkers and lung function in asthmatics obese adolescents. METHODS Seventy-six post-pubertal obese adolescents were recruited, including 50 non-asthmatics [body mass index (BMI), 36 ± 5 kg/m(2) ) and 26 asthmatics (BMI, 39 ± 4 kg/m(2) ). Body composition was measured by plethysmography, and visceral fat was analyzed by ultrasound. Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. Asthma and lung function were evaluated according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. Patients were submitted to 1-year weight loss interdisciplinary intervention consisting of medical, nutritional, exercise, and psychological therapy. RESULTS After interdisciplinary intervention, the lung function and pro/anti-inflammatory adipokines improved significantly in both groups. Most importantly, there was an increase in adiponectin [4 (1.86-12.9) to 5.1 (2.48-16)], a reduction in CRP [2,073 (385-9,174) to 1,538 (205-7,083)] and leptin concentrations [59 (29-69) to 33 (9-49)] in the asthmatics patients. Furthermore, it was observed a reduction in asthma severity after treatment. In addition, Δ adiponectin was an independent factor to improve lung function after therapy in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Interdisciplinary therapy resulted in beneficial changes in inflammatory biomarkers profile and lung function in asthmatic and non-asthmatic obese adolescents. Additionally, for the first time we showed that change in adiponectin level was an independent predictor to improve lung function in Brazilian obese adolescents.
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de Oliveira C, Iwanaga-Carvalho C, Mota JF, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Oller do Nascimento CM. Effects of adrenal hormones on the expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in adipose tissue, muscle and liver. Steroids 2011; 76:1260-7. [PMID: 21745490 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitive hormone that is primarily synthesized in adipose tissue, exerts its effects by binding to two receptors, adipoR1 and adipoR2. Little is known regarding the effects of glucocorticoids on the expression of adiponectin receptors. METHODS Male Wistar rats were bilaterally adrenalectomized and treated with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/100 g) twice daily for 3 days. To analyze the potential effects of glucocorticoids, rats received two daily injections of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (RU-486, 5.0 mg) over the course of 3 days. Additionally, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes were treated with dexamethasone, adrenaline or RU-486. The gene expression of adiponectin, adipoR1 and adipoR2 was determined by real-time PCR, and protein secretion was examined by Western blotting using lysates from retroperitoneal, epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots, liver and muscle. RESULTS In rats, excess glucocorticoids increased the levels of insulin in serum and decreased serum adiponectin concentrations, whereas adrenalectomy decreased the mRNA expression of adiponectin (3-fold) and adipoR2 (7-fold) in epididymal adipose tissue and increased adipoR2 gene expression in muscle (3-fold) compared to control group sham-operated. Dexamethasone treatment did not reverse the effects of adrenalectomy, and glucocorticoid receptor blockade did not reproduce the effects of adrenalectomy. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, dexamethasone and adrenaline both increased adipoR2 mRNA levels, but RU-486 reduced adipoR2 gene expression in vitro. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone treatment induces a state of insulin resistance but does not affect adiponectin receptor expression in adipose tissue. However, the effects of catecholamines on insulin resistance may be due to their effects on adipoR2.
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da Silva PL, de Mello MT, Cheik NC, Sanches PL, Piano A, Corgosinho FC, Campos RMDS, Carnier J, Inoue D, do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM, Tock L, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. The role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines on exercise-induced bronchospasm in obese adolescents undergoing treatment. Respir Care 2011; 57:572-82. [PMID: 22004715 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated a greater prevalence in exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in obese adolescents. However, the role of pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines and the repercussions of obesity treatment on EIB need to be explored further. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines on EIB in obese adolescents evaluated after long-term interdisciplinary therapy. METHODS Thirty-five post-pubertal obese adolescents, including 20 non-EIB (body mass index [BMI] 36 ± 5 kg/m(2)) and 15 EIB (BMI 36 ± 5 kg/m(2)), were enrolled in this study. Body composition was measured by plethysmography, using the BOD POD body composition system, and visceral fat was analyzed by ultrasound. Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were analyzed. EIB and lung function were evaluated according to the American Thoracic Society criteria. Patients were recruited to a 1-year interdisciplinary intervention of weight loss, consisting of medical, nutritional, exercise, and psychological components. RESULTS Anthropometrics and lung function variables improved significantly after the therapy in both groups. Furthermore we observed a reduction in EIB occurrence in obese adolescents after treatment. There was an increase in adiponectin levels and a reduction in leptin levels after the therapy. In addition, a low FEV(1) value was a risk factor associated with EIB occurrence at baseline, and was correlated after treatment with changes in anthropometric and maximal O(2) consumption values as well as the adipokines profile. CONCLUSIONS In the present study it was demonstrated that 1 year of interdisciplinary therapy decreased EIB frequency in obese adolescents, paralleled by an increase in lung function and improvement in pro-/anti-inflammatory adipokines.
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Estadella D, Oyama LM, Bueno AA, Habitante CA, Souza GI, Ribeiro EB, Motoyama CSM, Oller do Nascimento CM. A palatable hyperlipidic diet causes obesity and affects brain glucose metabolism in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:168. [PMID: 21943199 PMCID: PMC3198928 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that either the continuous intake of a palatable hyperlipidic diet (H) or the alternation of chow (C) and an H diet (CH regimen) induced obesity in rats. Here, we investigated whether the time of the start and duration of these feeding regimens are relevant and whether they affect brain glucose metabolism. Methods Male Wistar rats received C, H, or CH diets during various periods of their life spans: days 30-60, days 30-90, or days 60-90. Experiments were performed the 60th or the 90th day of life. Rats were killed by decapitation. The glucose, insulin, leptin plasma concentration, and lipid content of the carcasses were determined. The brain was sliced and incubated with or without insulin for the analysis of glucose uptake, oxidation, and the conversion of [1-14C]-glucose to lipids. Results The relative carcass lipid content increased in all of the H and CH groups, and the H30-60 and H30-90 groups had the highest levels. Groups H30-60, H30-90, CH30-60, and CH30-90 exhibited a higher serum glucose level. Serum leptin increased in all H groups and in the CH60-90 and CH30-90 groups. Serum insulin was elevated in the H30-60, H60-90, CH60-90, CH30-90 groups. Basal brain glucose consumption and hypothalamic insulin receptor density were lower only in the CH30-60 group. The rate of brain lipogenesis was increased in the H30-90 and CH30-90 groups. Conclusion These findings indicate that both H and CH diet regimens increased body adiposity independent treatment and the age at which treatment was started, whereas these diets caused hyperglycemia and affected brain metabolism when started at an early age.
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Prado WL, Oyama LM, Lofrano-Prado MC, de Piano A, Stella SG, Nascimento CMO, Carnier J, Caranti DA, Tock L, Tufik S, de Mello MT, Dâmaso AR. Alterations in downstream mediators involved in central control of eating behavior in obese adolescents submitted to a multidisciplinary therapy. J Adolesc Health 2011; 49:300-5. [PMID: 21856523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a multidisciplinary therapy (24 weeks) on neurohormonal control of food intake, specifically in orexigenic (total ghrelin, agouti-related protein [AgRP], neuropeptide Y [NPY], and melanin-concentrating hormone) and anorexigenic factors (leptin, insulin, and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone [α-MSH]), in obese adolescents. METHODS A total of 88 adolescents (38 boys and 50 girls), including 62 obese and 26 normal-weight, aged 15-19 years were recruited. Obese adolescents were submitted to a 24-week multidisciplinary therapy. AgRP, NPY, melanin-concentrating hormone, leptin, insulin, glucose, α-MSH, total ghrelin, and food intake were measured at three stages (at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks). RESULTS At baseline, obese adolescents showed hyperleptinemia (circulating leptin levels, which were, in boys and girls, 40 and 35 times higher than in normal-weight subjects, respectively). After 24 weeks, these values decreased in all obese patients. Our results showed no differences in ghrelin levels between obese and normal-weight adolescents, in both genders. However, obese boys reduced their plasma ghrelin concentration after 24 weeks of therapy (p < .05). The multidisciplinary therapy decreased NPY and AgRP values and increased α-MSH; simultaneously with these changes there was a decrease in total food intake after 24 weeks of therapy. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that the multidisciplinary therapy was efficient to modulate neurohormonal control of food intake in obese adolescents.
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Lira FS, Pimentel GD, Santos RV, Oyama LM, Damaso AR, Oller do Nascimento CM, Viana VA, Boscolo RA, Grassmann V, Santana MG, Esteves AM, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Exercise training improves sleep pattern and metabolic profile in elderly people in a time-dependent manner. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:1-6. [PMID: 21733182 PMCID: PMC3154859 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and physical inactivity are two factors that favors the development of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and sleep dysfunction. In contrast, the adoption a habitual of moderate exercise may present a non-pharmacological treatment alternative for sleep and metabolic disorders. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on sleep quality and on the metabolic profile of elderly people with a sedentary lifestyle. Fourteen male sedentary, healthy, elderly volunteers performed moderate training for 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week for 24 wk at a work rate equivalent to the ventilatory aerobic threshold. The environment was kept at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C, with an air humidity 60 ± 5%. Blood and polysomnographs analysis were collected 3 times: at baseline (1 week before training began), 3 and 6 months (after 3 and 6 months of training). Training promoted increasing aerobic capacity (relative VO2, time and velocity to VO2max; p < 0.05), and reduced serum NEFA, and insulin concentrations as well as improved HOMA index (p < 0.05), and increased adiponectin levels (p < 0.05), after 3 months of training when compared with baseline data. The sleep parameters, awake time and REM sleep latency were decreased after 6 months exercise training (p < 0.05) in relation baseline values. Our results demonstrate that the moderate exercise training protocol improves the sleep profile in older people, but the metabolism adaptation does not persist. Suggesting that this population requires training strategy modifications as to ensure consistent alterations regarding metabolism.
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Dâmaso AR, de Piano A, Sanches PL, Corgosinho F, Tock L, Oyama LM, Tock L, do Nascimento CMO, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Hyperleptinemia in obese adolescents deregulates neuropeptides during weight loss. Peptides 2011; 32:1384-91. [PMID: 21641948 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leptin has emerged over the past decade as a key hormone not only in energy balance regulation but also in neuroendocrine and inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hyperleptinemia deregulates neuropeptides during weight loss. A total of 86 post-pubertal obese adolescents (with or without hyperleptinemia) participated in one year of interdisciplinary weight loss therapy (clinical, nutritional, psychological and exercise-related). Adipokine and neuropeptide concentrations were measured by ELISA, visceral fat was measured by ultrasound and body composition was measured by pletismography. The hyperleptinemic patients presented a lower alpha-MSH concentration and higher NPY/AgRP ratio while the adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio was lower compared with the non-hyperleptinemic group. After therapy, significant improvements in BM, BMI, body fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, total cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in both groups. Indeed, we observed significant increases in adiponectin and A/L as well as reductions in leptin and NPY/AgRP ratio in the hyperleptinemic group. In the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with leptin concentration as the dependent variable, α-MSH and body fat mass (%) were the independent predictors to explain leptin concentration. For the entire group, we found positive correlations between leptinemia and BMI and body fat mass (%) as well as a negative correlation with free fat mass (%) and alpha-MSH. Finally, we verified negative correlations between adiponectin/leptin ratio with total cholesterol and LDL-c, only in hyperleptinemic patients. In conclusion, the hyperleptinemia in obese adolescents deregulates neuropeptides during weight loss.
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Rosa Neto JC, Lira FS, Zanchi NE, Oyama LM, Pimentel GD, Santos RVT, Seelaender M, Oller do Nascimento CM. Acute exhaustive exercise regulates IL-2, IL-4 and MyoD in skeletal muscle but not adipose tissue in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:97. [PMID: 21668966 PMCID: PMC3132727 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exhaustive exercise on proteins associated with muscle damage and regeneration, including IL-2, IL-4 and MyoD, in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (RPAT). Methods Rats were killed by decapitation immediately (E0 group, n = 6), 2 (E2 group, n = 6) or 6 (E6 group, n = 6) hours after the exhaustion protocol, which consisted of running on a treadmill at approximately 70% of VO2max for fifty minutes and then at an elevated rate that increased at one m/min every minute, until exhaustion. Results The control group (C group, n = 6) was not subjected to exercise. IL-2 protein expression increased at E0 in the soleus and EDL; at E2, this cytokine returned to control levels in both tissues. In the soleus, IL-2 protein expression was lower than that in the control at E6. IL-4 protein levels increased in EDL at E6, but the opposite result was observed in the soleus. MyoD expression increased at E6 in EDL. Conclusion Exhaustive exercise was unable to modify IL-2 and IL-4 levels in MEAT and RPAT. The results show that exhaustive exercise has different effects depending on which muscle is analysed.
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Rosa JC, Lira FS, Eguchi R, Pimentel GD, Venâncio DP, Cunha CA, Oyama LM, De Mello MT, Seelaender M, do Nascimento CMO. Exhaustive exercise increases inflammatory response via Toll like receptor-4 and NF-κBp65 pathway in rat adipose tissue. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1604-7. [PMID: 20945364 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) are increased after exhaustive exercise in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) and mesenteric adipose tissue (MEAT). An exhaustive acute exercise protocol induces inflammation in adipose tissue that lasts 6 h after the exercise has ended. It is well-established that this protocol increases circulating plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), compounds that are important in stimulating signaling via toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in different type cells. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of TLR-4 and DNA-binding of nuclear factor-κBp65 (NF-κBp65) in different depots of adipose tissue in rats after exhaustive exercise. Rats were killed by decapitation immediately (E0 group, n=6), 2 (E2 group, n=6), and 6 h (E6 group, n=6) after the exhaustive exercise, which consisted of running on a treadmill (approximately 70% V(O2max) ) for 50 min and then running at an elevated rate that increased at 1 m/min, until exhaustion. The control group (C group, n=6) was not subjected to exercise. In RPAT, TLR-4, MYD-88, and IkBα increased in the E2 group after exercise. MYD-88 and TRAF6 remained increased in the E6 group in comparison with the control group. DNA-binding of NF-κBp65 was not altered. In MEAT, TLR-4, MYD-88, TRAF6, and DNA-binding of NF-κBp65 were increased only in the E6 group. In conclusion, we have shown that increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue pads after exhaustive exercise may be mediated via TLR-4 signaling, leading to increases in NF-κBp65 binding to DNA in MEAT.
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Eguchi R, Scarmagnani FR, Cunha CA, Souza GIH, Pisani LP, Ribeiro EB, Oller do Nascimento CM, Spadari-Bratfisch RC, Oyama LM. Fish oil consumption prevents glucose intolerance and hypercorticosteronemy in footshock-stressed rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:71. [PMID: 21569357 PMCID: PMC3112421 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental stress plays an important role in the development of glucose intolerance influencing lipid and glucose metabolism through sympathetic nervous system, cytokines and hormones such as glucocorticoids, catecholamines and glucagon. Otherwise, fish oil prevents glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Although the mechanisms involved are not fully understood, it is known that sympathetic and HPA responses are blunted and catecholamines and glucocorticoids concentrations can be modulated by fish consumption. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether fish oil, on a normal lipidic diet: 1) could prevent the effect of footshock-stress on the development of glucose intolerance; 2) modified adiponectin receptor and serum concentration; and 3) also modified TNF-α, IL-6 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in adipose tissue and liver. The study was performed in thirty day-old male Wistar randomly assigned into four groups: no stressed (C) and stressed (CS) rats fed with control diet, and no stressed (F) and stressed (FS) rats fed with a fish oil rich diet. The stress was performed as a three daily footshock stress sessions. RESULTS Body weight, carcass fat and protein content were not different among groups. FS presented a reduction on the relative weight of RET. Basal serum glucose levels were higher in CS and FS but 15 min after glucose load just CS remained with higher levels than other groups. Serum corticosterone concentration was increased in CS, this effect was inhibited in FS. However, 15 min after footshock-stress, corticosterone levels were similar among groups. IL-6 was increased in EPI of CS but fish oil consumption prevented IL-6 increase in FS. Similar levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in RET, EPI, and liver were observed among groups. Adipo R1 protein concentration was not different among groups. Footshock-stress did not modify AdipoR2 concentration, but fish oil diet increases AdipoR2 protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS Footshock-stress promotes glucose intolerance associated to corticosterone serum level and epididymal white adipose tissue IL-6 concentration increase. The fish oil consumption by stressed rats normalized the stress responses. These results suggested that fish oil intake could be useful to minimize or prevent the development of diseases associated to the stress.
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Lira FS, Rosa JC, Cunha CA, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CO, Oyama LM, Mota JF. Supplementing alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin D3 in high fat diet decrease IL-6 production in murine epididymal adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes following LPS stimulation. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:37. [PMID: 21352586 PMCID: PMC3050762 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that high fat diets (HFDs) induce obesity and an increase in proinflammatory adipokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered the major inflammatory mediator in obesity. Obesity is associated with a vitamin deficiency, especially of vitamins E and D3. We examined the effects of vitamin D3 and vitamin E supplementation on levels of IL-6 and IL-10 (as a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokines since, a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is maintained) protein expression in adipose tissue of mice provided with an HFD. Additionally, we measured the effects of vitamin E and vitamin D3 treatment on LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes IL-6 and IL-10 secretion. Results IL-6 protein levels and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio were decreased in epididymal white adipose tissue in groups receiving vitamins E and D3 supplementation compared to the HFD group. A 24-hour treatment of vitamin D3 and vitamin E significantly reduced the IL-6 levels in the adipocytes culture medium without affecting IL-10 levels. Conclusions Vitamin D3 and vitamin E supplementation in an HFD had an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing IL-6 production in epididymal adipose tissue in mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with LPS. Our results suggest that vitamin E and D3 supplementation can be used as an adjunctive therapy to reduce the proinflammatory cytokines present in obese patients.
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Pimentel GD, Rosa JC, Lira FS, Zanchi NE, Ropelle ER, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Santos RV. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ) supplementation stimulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats via the mTOR pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:11. [PMID: 21345206 PMCID: PMC3048483 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMβ) supplementation is used to treat cancer, sepsis and exercise-induced muscle damage. However, its effects on animal and human health and the consequences of this treatment in other tissues (e.g., fat and liver) have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of HMβ supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the expression of proteins involved in insulin signalling. Rats were treated with HMβ (320 mg/kg body weight) or saline for one month. The skeletal muscle hypertrophy and insulin signalling were evaluated by western blotting, and hormonal concentrations were evaluated using ELISAs. HMβ supplementation induced muscle hypertrophy in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles and increased serum insulin levels, the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylation of p70S6K in the EDL muscle. Expression of the insulin receptor was increased only in liver. Thus, our results suggest that HMβ supplementation can be used to increase muscle mass without adverse health effects.
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de Oliveira C, de Mattos ABM, Biz C, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CMO. High-fat diet and glucocorticoid treatment cause hyperglycemia associated with adiponectin receptor alterations. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:11. [PMID: 21244702 PMCID: PMC3031255 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is the most abundant plasma protein synthesized for the most part in adipose tissue, and it is an insulin-sensitive hormone, playing a central role in glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, it increases fatty acid oxidation in the muscle and potentiates insulin inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Two adiponectin receptors have been identified: AdipoR1 is the major receptor expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas AdipoR2 is mainly expressed in liver. Consumption of high levels of dietary fat is thought to be a major factor in the promotion of obesity and insulin resistance. Excessive levels of cortisol are characterized by the symptoms of abdominal obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance or diabetes and dyslipidemia; of note, all of these features are shared by the condition of insulin resistance. Although it has been shown that glucocorticoids inhibit adiponectin expression in vitro and in vivo, little is known about the regulation of adiponectin receptors. The link between glucocorticoids and insulin resistance may involve the adiponectin receptors and adrenalectomy might play a role not only in regulate expression and secretion of adiponectin, as well regulate the respective receptors in several tissues. RESULTS Feeding of a high-fat diet increased serum glucose levels and decreased adiponectin and adipoR2 mRNA expression in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipose tissues, respectively. Moreover, it increased both adipoR1 and adipoR2 mRNA levels in muscle and adipoR2 protein levels in liver. Adrenalectomy combined with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone treatment resulted in increased glucose and insulin levels, decreased serum adiponectin levels, reduced adiponectin mRNA in epididymal adipose tissue, reduction of adipoR2 mRNA by 7-fold in muscle and reduced adipoR1 and adipoR2 protein levels in muscle. Adrenalectomy alone increased adiponectin mRNA expression 3-fold in subcutaneous adipose tissue and reduced adipoR2 mRNA expression 2-fold in liver. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia as a result of a high-fat diet is associated with an increase in the expression of the adiponectin receptors in muscle. An excess of glucocorticoids, rather than their absence, increase glucose and insulin and decrease adiponectin levels.
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Rosa Neto JC, Lira FS, Venancio DP, Cunha CA, Oyama LM, Pimentel GD, Tufik S, Oller do Nascimento CM, Santos RVT, de Mello MT. Sleep deprivation affects inflammatory marker expression in adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:125. [PMID: 21034496 PMCID: PMC2987991 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has been shown to increase inflammatory markers in rat sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inflammation is a condition associated with pathologies such as obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated changes in the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in different depots of white adipose tissue in rats. We also assessed lipid profiles and serum levels of corticosterone, leptin, and adiponectin after 96 hours of sleep deprivation. Methods The study consisted of two groups: a control (C) group and a paradoxical sleep deprivation by 96 h (PSD) group. Ten rats were randomly assigned to either the control group (C) or the PSD. Mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue, liver and serum were collected following completion of the PSD protocol. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analysed in MEAT and RPAT, and leptin, adiponectin, glucose, corticosterone and lipid profile levels were analysed in serum. Results IL-6 levels were elevated in RPAT but remained unchanged in MEAT after PSD. IL-10 protein concentration was not altered in either depot, and TNF-α levels decreased in MEAT. Glucose, triglycerides (TG), VLDL and leptin decreased in serum after 96 hours of PSD; adiponectin was not altered and corticosterone was increased. Conclusion PSD decreased fat mass and may modulate the cytokine content in different depots of adipose tissue. The inflammatory response was diminished in both depots of adipose tissue, with increased IL-6 levels in RPAT and decreased TNF-α protein concentrations in MEAT and increased levels of corticosterone in serum.
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Motoyama CSM, Pinto MJS, Lira FS, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM. Gum Guar fiber associated with fructose reduces serum triacylglycerol but did not improve the glucose tolerance in rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:61. [PMID: 20979642 PMCID: PMC2984456 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased intake of dietary fructose can be associated with alterations on energy homeostasis and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, such as insulin resistance and dislipidemia. On the other hand, the ingestion of soluble fiber gum guar could improve benefic mechanism on glucose tolerance and lipids profile. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study were to investigate the effects of the supplemental feeding partially hydrolyzed gum guar on glucose and lipid homeostasis, in rats fed with fructose solution. METHODS The study was performed on thirty day-old male Wistar rats randomly assigned into four groups: control(C) or treated with fructose (F-20%), fiber (FB-5%), or fructose plus fiber (F-20% + FB-5% = FF) solution for 30 days on glucose tolerance (OGTT), triacylglycerol concentration in the liver by chloroform/methanol method, glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol serum concentration by assayed by enzymatic colorimetric method, insulin receptor (IR) concentration in the liver by Western Blotting. RESULTS The total body weight gain was not different between groups; in regards of total caloric intake, in the F group was significantly higher and in the FB group was lower than other groups. The triacylglycerol concentration in the liver of FF group was significantly higher than F group, the triacylglycerol concentration in the serum was higher the F group compared with other groups. The OGTT reveal impaired on glucose tolerance in the F, FB, FF compared with C. The IR concentration in the liver was lower in the F, FB, FF compared with C, no significant difference was observed between groups for IR concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle. No significant difference was observed between groups for carcass fat content and serum total cholesterol. CONCLUSION Fructose induced important alterations on glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, despite of fiber showed reversion of part this alterations. The association fructose plus fiber to seem decrease insulin receptor concentration in the liver, with consequent impair on glucose tolerance.
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Pozzi R, Rosa JC, Eguchi R, Oller do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM, Aguiar O, Chaves MD, Ribeiro DA. Genetic damage in multiple organs of acutely exercised rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:632-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lira FS, Rosa JC, Pimentel GD, Tarini VAF, Arida RM, Faloppa F, Alves ES, do Nascimento CO, Oyama LM, Seelaender M, de Mello MT, Santos RVT. Inflammation and adipose tissue: effects of progressive load training in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:109. [PMID: 20920329 PMCID: PMC2959201 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) are increased after exhaustive exercise in the rat retroperitoneal (RPAT) and mesenteric adipose tissue (MEAT) pads. On the other hand, these cytokines show decreased expression in these depots in response to a chronic exercise protocol. However, the effect of exercise with overload combined with a short recovery period on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of cytokine production in the adipose tissue of rats after an overtraining-inducing exercise protocol. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), Trained (Tr), Overtrained (OT) and recovered overtrained (R). Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) levels and Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Nuclear Factor kBp65 (NF-kBp65), Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) and, Perilipin protein expression were assessed in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, we analysed plasma lipid profile, insulin, testosterone, corticosterone and endotoxin levels, and liver triacylglycerol, cytokine content, as well as apolipoprotein B (apoB) and TLR4 expression in the liver. Results OT and R groups exhibited reduced performance accompanied by lower testosterone and increased corticosterone and endotoxin levels when compared with the control and trained groups. IL-6 and IL-10 protein levels were increased in the adipose tissue of the group allowed to recover, in comparison with all the other studied groups. TLR-4 and NF-kBp65 were increased in this same group when compared with both control and trained groups. The protein expression of HSL was increased and that of Perilipin, decreased in the adipose in R in relation to the control. In addition, we found increased liver and serum TAG, along with reduced apoB protein expression and IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the of R in relation to the control and trained groups. Conclusion In conclusion, we have shown that increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue after an overtraining protocol may be mediated via TLR-4 and NF-kBp65 signalling, leading to an inflammatory state in this tissue.
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Carvalho CR, Bueno AA, Mattos AM, Biz C, de Oliveira C, Pisani LP, Ribeiro EB, Oller do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM. Fructose alters adiponectin, haptoglobin and angiotensinogen gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2010; 30:644-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zeferino EG, Bueno CES, Oyama LM, Ribeiro DA. Ex vivo assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in murine fibroblasts exposed to white MTA or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide. Int Endod J 2010; 43:843-8. [PMID: 20722754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide were able to induce genetic damage and cellular death ex vivo. METHODOLOGY Aliquots of 1 × 10(4) murine fibroblasts were incubated at 37 °C for 3 h with MTA (white) or white Portland cement with 15% bismuth oxide, at final concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 μg mL(-1) individually. Data of three independent repeats from the comet assay and the trypan blue exclusion test were assessed by the one-way anova followed by Tukey's test. RESULTS Mineral trioxide aggregate or Portland cement containing bismuth oxide did not produce genotoxic effects with respect to the single-cell gel (comet) assay data for all concentrations evaluated. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was observed for MTA or Portland cement. CONCLUSION White MTA or white Portland cement containing 15% bismuth oxide were not genotoxic and cytotoxic.
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Lira FS, Rosa JC, Pimentel GD, Souza HA, Caperuto EC, Carnevali LC, Seelaender M, Damaso AR, Oyama LM, de Mello MT, Santos RV. Endotoxin levels correlate positively with a sedentary lifestyle and negatively with highly trained subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:82. [PMID: 20684772 PMCID: PMC2922209 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. This phenomenon is supported by recent studies suggesting a chronic, low-grade inflammation status. Endotoxin derived from gut flora may be key to the development of inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to examine plasma inflammatory markers and endotoxin levels in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and/or in highly trained subjects at rest. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7; highly trained subjects n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (~12 h). The plasmatic endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), ICAM/CD54, VCAM/CD106 and lipid profile levels were determined. Results Endotoxinemia was lower in the highly trained subject group relative to the sedentary subjects (p < 0.002). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between endotoxin and PAI-1 (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001), endotoxin and total cholesterol (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), endotoxin and LDL-c (r = 0.55; p < 0.049) and endotoxin and TG levels (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). The plasma levels of MCP-1, ICAM/CD54 and VCAM/CD106 did not differ. Conclusion These results indicate that a lifestyle associated with high-intensity and high-volume exercise induces favorable changes in chronic low-grade inflammation markers and may reduce the risk for diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Watanabe RLH, Andrade IS, Telles MM, Albuquerque KT, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Casarini DE, Ribeiro EB. Long-term consumption of fish oil-enriched diet impairs serotonin hypophagia in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:1025-33. [PMID: 20526668 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic serotonin inhibits food intake and stimulates energy expenditure. High-fat feeding is obesogenic, but the role of polyunsaturated fats is not well understood. This study examined the influence of different high-PUFA diets on serotonin-induced hypophagia, hypothalamic serotonin turnover, and hypothalamic protein levels of serotonin transporter (ST), and SR-1B and SR-2C receptors. Male Wistar rats received for 9 weeks from weaning a diet high in either soy oil or fish oil or low fat (control diet). Throughout 9 weeks, daily intake of fat diets decreased such that energy intake was similar to that of the control diet. However, the fish group developed heavier retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depots. After 12 h of either 200 or 300 μg intracerebroventricular serotonin, food intake was significantly inhibited in control group (21-25%) and soy group (37-39%) but not in the fish group. Serotonin turnover was significantly lower in the fish group than in both the control group (-13%) and the soy group (-18%). SR-2C levels of fish group were lower than those of control group (50%, P = 0.02) and soy group (37%, P = 0.09). ST levels tended to decrease in the fish group in comparison to the control group (16%, P = 0.339) and the soy group (21%, P = 0.161). Thus, unlike the soy-oil diet, the fish-oil diet decreased hypothalamic serotonin turnover and SR-2C levels and abolished serotonin-induced hypophagia. Fish-diet rats were potentially hypophagic, suggesting that, at least up to this point in its course, the serotonergic impairment was either compensated by other factors or not of a sufficient extent to affect feeding. That fat pad weight increased in the absence of hyperphagia indicates that energy expenditure was affected by the serotonergic hypofunction.
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de Piano A, Tock L, Carnier J, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, Martinz AC, Foschini D, Sanches PL, Ernandes RMY, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Negative correlation between neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein concentration and adiponectinemia in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese adolescents submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary therapy. Metabolism 2010; 59:613-9. [PMID: 19942238 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complexity pathogenesis in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves an interplay between adipokines and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, including the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) system. The first aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term interdisciplinary intervention on NAFLD in obese adolescents, and the second objective was to establish the relationship between NPY/AgRP ratio and adiponectinemia. Fifty-five postpuberty obese adolescents were submitted to interdisciplinary intervention. The group was divided between subjects with and without NAFLD (n = 19 and 36, respectively). Blood samples were collected to measure glycemia, hepatic transaminases, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and sensitivity. Adiponectin, NPY, and AgRP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Food intake was measured using 3-day diet records. It was observed at baseline that important clinical parameters including body weight, body mass index, visceral fat, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hepatic transaminases were more altered in NAFLD patients. After the intervention, these parameters, total energy, and macronutrient intake were reduced significantly in both groups. The most important finding was the positive correlation between AgRP and visceral fat in all patients and the negative correlation between NPY/AgRP and adiponectinemia only in NAFLD obese adolescents. The NAFLD patients presented more altered clinical parameters than the non-NAFLD subjects, including the negative correlation between adiponectinemia and NPY/AgRP. These results suggested that NAFLD obese adolescents presented an inflammatory profile that can influence the neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, suggesting an additional impairment in the weight loss therapy.
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Carnier J, de Piano A, de Lima Sanches P, Tock L, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Corrêa FA, Ernandes RH, Lederman H, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. The role of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in an interdisciplinary weight loss therapy for obese adolescents with symptoms of eating disorders. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64:784-90. [PMID: 20518952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in an interdisciplinary weight loss therapy for obese adolescents with symptoms of eating disorders. METHODS Thirty-seven post-pubertal, obese adolescents (14 to 19 years old) with symptoms of eating disorders were submitted to long-term interdisciplinary therapy (1 year). Bulimic and binge eating symptoms were measured using the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, and the Binge Eating Scale respectively. Neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone, total ghrelin, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and leptin were measured using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS After long-term interdisciplinary therapy, the adolescents showed significantly improved body composition, visceral and subcutaneous fat and reduced symptoms of bulimia and binge eating. Intriguingly, orexigenic peptides were up-regulated after short-term therapy and down-regulated at the end of therapy, whereas the anorexigenic pathway was improved with therapy. Furthermore, after long-term therapy, a negative correlation was observed between leptin concentration and melanin-concentrating hormone. DISCUSSION We suggest that long-term therapy promotes an intrinsic association between weight loss, improvement of eating disorder symptoms and a decrease in orexigenic factors. Together, these results represent a more effective course by which patients can normalise behaviours related to eating disorders as well the actions of hormones involved in energy balance, and thus advance obesity control. CONCLUSION Long-term interdisciplinary therapy was effective to improve anorexigenic and orexigenic factors that influence energy balance and avoid the development of eating disorders in obese adolescents. However, the associations between eating disorders and neuroendocrine factors need to be confirmed in future studies.
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Watanabe RLH, Andrade IS, Zemdegs JCS, Albuquerque KT, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Carmo MGT, Nogueira MI, Ribeiro EB. Prolonged consumption of soy or fish-oil-enriched diets differentially affects the pattern of hypothalamic neuronal activation induced by refeeding in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2010; 12:242-8. [PMID: 19925717 DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We used c-Fos immunoreactivity to estimate neuronal activation in hypothalamic feeding-regulatory areas of 3-month-old rats fed control or oil-enriched diets (soy or fish) since weaning. While no diet effect was observed in c-Fos immunoreactivity of 24-h fasted animals, the acute response to refeeding was modified by both hyperlipidic diets but with different patterns. Upon refeeding, control-diet rats had significantly increased c-Fos immunoreactivity only in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH, 142%). In soy-diet rats, refeeding with the soy diet increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH, 271%) and lateral hypothalamic area (LH, 303%). Refeeding fish-diet rats with the fish diet increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in PVH (161%), DMH (177%), VMH (81%), and ARC (127%). Compared to the fish-diet, c-Fos immunoreactivity was increased in LH by the soy-diet while it was decreased in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (ARC). Based on the known roles of the activated nuclei, it is suggested that, unlike the fish-diet, the soy-diet induced a potentially obesogenic profile, with high LH and low VMH/PVH activation after refeeding.
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Habitante CA, Oyama LM, Bueno AA, Ribeiro EB, Estadella D, Dâmaso AR, Nascimento CMOD. Exercise training in rats impairs the replenishment of white adipose tissue after partial lipectomy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:371-7. [PMID: 20112028 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on the metabolism of rats following the partial removal of fat pads. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were subjected to the partial removal (L) of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RET) and epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI), or a sham operation (Sh). Seven days after surgery, both sets of rats were subdivided into exercised (LE or ShE) (swimming 90 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) and sedentary (LS or ShS) groups. Partial removal of the fat pads increased the lipogenesis rates in both the RET and EPI and decreased the weight and lypolysis rate of the EPI, while the RET weight was not significantly affected by lipectomy. In both lipectomized and sham-operated groups, exercise training caused a reduction in carcass lipid content, food intake, RET and EPI weights, and RET lipogenesis rate. On the other hand, the exercise training increased the percentage of diet-derived lipid accumulation in both tissues, either in sham and lipectomized rats. These results confirmed that regrowth is not uniform and depends on the particular fat pad that is excised. They also demonstrated that exercise training following the partial removal of fat pads modified adipose tissue metabolism, impaired the replenishment of adipose tissue, and decrease body adiposity.
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Lira FS, Rosa JC, Lima-Silva AE, Souza HA, Caperuto EC, Seelaender MC, Damaso AR, Oyama LM, Santos RVT. Sedentary subjects have higher PAI-1 and lipoproteins levels than highly trained athletes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:7. [PMID: 20205861 PMCID: PMC2826310 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Physical exercise protects against the development of cardiovascular disease, partly by lowering plasmatic total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. In addition, it is now established that reduction plasmatic adiponectin and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels play a role in the maintenance of an inflammatory state and in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to examine plasma lipid profile and inflammatory markers levels in individual with sedentary lifestyle and/or highly trained athletes at rest. METHODS Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7 and highly trained athletes n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (approximately 12 h). The plasmatic lipid profile (Triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, LDL-oxidized and total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio), glucose, adiponectin, C - reactive protein and PAI-1 levels were determined. RESULTS Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG and PAI-1 levels were lower in highly trained athletes group in relation to sedentary subjects (p < 0.01). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between PAI-1 and total cholesterol (r = 0.78; p < 0.0009), PAI-1 and LDL-c (r = 0.69; p < 0.006) and PAI-1 and TG levels (r = 0.56; p < 0.03). The plasma concentration of adiponectin, CRP, glucose, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio levels were not different. These results indicate that lifestyle associated with high intensity and high volume exercise induces changes favourable in the lipid profile and PAI-1 levels and may reduce risk cardiovascular diseases.
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Biz C, Oliveira C, Mattos ABM, Oliveira J, Ribeiro EB, Oller do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM. The effect of thyroid hormones on the white adipose tissue gene expression of PAI-1 and its serum concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 42:1163-6. [PMID: 19918669 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009001200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) overexpression may play a significant role in this process. A positive correlation between adipose tissue gene expression of PAI-1 and its serum concentration has been reported. Furthermore, high serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and PAI-1 have been observed in obese children. The present study evaluates the impact of thyroid hormone treatment on white adipose tissue PAI-1 gene expression and its serum concentration. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were treated for three weeks with T4 (50 microg/day, Hyper) or with saline (control). Additionally, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated for 24 h with T4 (100 nM) or T3 (100 nM). PAI-1 gene expression was determined by real-time PCR, while the serum concentration of PAI-1 was measured by ELISA using a commercial kit (Innovative Research, USA). Both the serum concentration of PAI-1 and mRNA levels were similar between groups in retroperitoneal and epididymal white adipose tissue. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in vitro treatment with T4 and T3 increased the gene expression of PAI-1, suggesting non-genomic and genomic effects, respectively. These results demonstrate that thyroid hormones have different effects in vitro and in vivo on PAI-1 gene expression in adipocytes.
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Nascimento CMOD, Ribeiro EB, Oyama LM. Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2009; 81:453-66. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.
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Rosa Neto JC, Lira FS, Oyama LM, Zanchi NE, Yamashita AS, Batista ML, Oller do Nascimento CM, Seelaender M. Exhaustive exercise causes an anti-inflammatory effect in skeletal muscle and a pro-inflammatory effect in adipose tissue in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106:697-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carnier J, Lofrano MC, Prado WL, Caranti DA, de Piano A, Tock L, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Mello MT, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Hormonal alteration in obese adolescents with eating disorder: effects of multidisciplinary therapy. HORMONE RESEARCH 2008; 70:79-84. [PMID: 18547953 DOI: 10.1159/000139148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ghrelin and leptin play important roles in the physiopathology of eating disorders, starting generally in infancy and adolescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multidisciplinary short-term therapy on ghrelin and leptin concentrations, bulimia nervosa symptoms, binge eating disorder symptoms, body composition, and visceral and subcutaneous fat in obese adolescents. METHODS Twenty obese adolescents with simple obesity (BMI >95th percentile, 36.93 +/- 4.14, CDC) were submitted to multidisciplinary (nutrition, psychology, exercise and clinical) therapy. Plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Bulimic and binge eating behaviors were measured by the Bulimic Investigation Test Edinburgh and the Binge Eating Scale, respectively. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were measured by ultrasonography and body composition by plethysmography. RESULTS Significant reductions were observed in body weight (101.04 +/- 11.18 to 94.79 +/- 10.94 kg), BMI (36.93 +/- 4.14 to 34.27 +/- 4.78), fat% (41.96 +/- 6.28 to 39.14 +/- 7.62%), visceral fat (4.34 +/- 1.53 to 3.41 +/- 1.12 cm), leptin concentration (20.12 +/- 6.47 to 16.68 +/- 8.08 ng/ml), prevalence of bulimia nervosa (100 to 67%) and binge eating disorder symptoms (40 to 17%). CONCLUSION Short-term multidisciplinary therapy was effective in improving body composition, visceral fat, leptinemia and eating disorders in obese adolescents.
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Pisani LP, Oller do Nascimento CM, Bueno AA, Biz C, Albuquerque KT, Ribeiro EB, Oyama LM. Hydrogenated fat diet intake during pregnancy and lactation modifies the PAI-1 gene expression in white adipose tissue of offspring in adult life. Lipids Health Dis 2008; 7:13. [PMID: 18394153 PMCID: PMC2365943 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine whether feeding pregnant and lactating rats hydrogenated fats rich in trans fatty acids modifies the plasma lipid profiles and the expression of adipokines involved with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in their 90-day-old offspring. Pregnant and lactating Wistar rats were fed with either a control diet (C group) or one enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat (T group). Upon weaning, the male pups were sorted into four groups: CC, mothers were receiving C and pups were kept on C; CT, mothers were receiving C and pups were fed with T; TT, mothers were receiving T and pups were kept on T; TC, mothers were receiving T and pups were fed with C. Pups' food intake and body weight were quantified weekly and the pups were killed at day 90 of life by decapitation. Blood and carcass as well as retroperitoneal, epididymal, and subcutaneous white adipose tissues were collected. Food intake and body weight were lower in TC and TT, and metabolic efficiency was reduced in TT. Offspring of TT and TC rats had increased white adipose tissue PAI-1 gene expression. Insulin receptor was higher in TT than other groups. Ingestion of hydrogenated vegetable fat by the mother during gestation and lactation could promote deleterious consequences, even after the withdrawal of the causal factor.
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Sardinha FLC, Telles MM, Albuquerque KT, Oyama LM, Guimarães PAMP, Santos OFP, Ribeiro EB. Gender difference in the effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the central anorexigenic action of insulin in adult rats. Nutrition 2006; 22:1152-61. [PMID: 17029904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether insulin hypophagia and hypothalamic signaling are affected in adult rats exposed to intrauterine undernutrition. METHODS Pregnant rats ate ad libitum throughout pregnancy and lactation (control, C) or 50% of control intake in the first 2 wk of pregnancy (restricted, R). Four-month-old C and R progeny received insulin or vehicle intracerebroventricular injections for evaluation of 24-h food intake, hypothalamic insulin receptor (IR), and IR substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein content and tyrosine phosphorylation, pp185 phosphorylation, and IRS-1 association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). RESULTS With respect to males, R males had normal body composition and insulin-induced hypophagia. IR protein levels were lower but IR phosphorylation was higher in R than in C males. IRS-1 levels and phosphorylation were similar between C and R males, insulin stimulated an IRS-1/PI3-K association in C but not in R males, and pp185 phosphorylation was higher in R than in C males. For females, body fat and serum leptin were elevated in R females. Insulin inhibited food intake in C but not in R females. Insulin-induced IR phosphorylation and protein levels of IR and IRS-1 were higher in R than in C females. However, IRS-1 and pp185 phosphorylation and IRS-1/PI3-K association were significantly stimulated by insulin in C but not in R females. CONCLUSIONS Female adult rats exposed to intrauterine undernutrition had increased adiposity, marked impairment of hypothalamic insulin signaling, and loss of insulin-induced hypophagia. These disturbances were less severe or even absent in male progeny. The findings show that female progeny are more susceptible than their male siblings to the effects of maternal malnutrition.
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Dâmaso AR, Tock L, Tufik S, Prado WL, Stella SG, Fisberg M, Cintra IP, Caranti DA, Siqueira KO, Nascimento CM, Oyama LM, Lederman HM, Cristofalo D, Antunes HK, Comparoni A, Santos LC, Mello MT. Tratamento multidisciplinar reduz o tecido adiposo visceral, leptina, grelina e a prevalência de esteatose hepática não alcoólica (NAFLD) em adolescentes obesos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922006000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações promovidas, por intervenção multidisciplinar, nas concentrações plasmáticas de grelina e leptina, adiposidade visceral e prevalência de esteatose hepática não alcoólica (NAFLD), em adolescentes obesos. Foram avaliados 28 adolescentes obesos, 16 meninas (IMC 34,58 ± 3,86kg/m²) e 12 meninos (IMC 37,08 ± 3,17kg/m²), com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, quanto à concentração de leptina, grelina, insulina, assim como a adiposidade visceral e o diagnóstico de NAFLD pelo método de ultra-sonografia. Os resultados demonstraram redução significante na concentração circulante de grelina e leptina e na adiposidade visceral (p < 0,01). Houve ainda redução percentual na prevalência de NAFLD, sendo este um resultado relevante, visto que esta doença pode progredir para cirrose, tanto em crianças quanto em adolescentes obesos. Este tipo de tratamento demonstrou ser eficiente na melhora do perfil metabólico e hormonal, contribuindo para o controle da obesidade e suas co-morbidades em adolescentes obesos.
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Bueno AA, Oyama LM, Estadella D, Habitante CA, Bernardes BS, Ribeiro EB, Oller Do Nascimento CM. Lipid metabolism of monosodium glutamate obese rats after partial removal of adipose tissue. Physiol Res 2005; 54:57-65. [PMID: 15717842 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of partial fat pad removal on retroperitoneal and epididymal fat depots and carcass metabolism of control (C) and MSG-obese (M) rats. Three-month-old C and M male Wistar rats were submitted to either partial surgical excision of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat tissue (lipectomy, L) or sham surgery (S) and studied after 7 or 30 days. Retroperitoneal and epididymal tissue re-growth after lipectomy was not observed, as indicated by the low pads weight of the L groups. The lipolysis rate was stimulated in LC7 and LM7, probably due to surgical stress and low insulin levels. In LM7, but not in LC7, in vivo lipogenesis rate increased in retroperitoneal and epididymal fat tissue, as did the diet-derived lipid accumulation in epididymal fat tissue. Although these local increases were no longer present in LM30, this group showed a large increase in the percentage of small area adipocytes in both pads as well as increased carcass lipogenesis rate. The present data showed that the partial removal of fat depots affected the metabolism of control and MSG-obese rats differently. In the obese animals only, it stimulated both local and carcass lipogenesis rate as well as adipocyte differentiation, i.e. responses likely to favor excised tissue re-growth and/or compensatory growth of non-excised depots.
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Estadella D, Oyama LM, Dâmaso AR, Ribeiro EB, Oller Do Nascimento CM. Effect of palatable hyperlipidic diet on lipid metabolism of sedentary and exercised rats. Nutrition 2004; 20:218-24. [PMID: 14962690 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2003.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to examine 1) whether continuous feeding with a palatable hyperlipidic diet and cycling this diet with chow diet would affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in a similar way; and 2) whether the effect of chronic exercise on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism would be modified by these diet regimens. METHODS Male 25-d-old Wistar rats were assigned to one of six groups: sedentary rats fed with chow diet; exercised (swimming 90 min/d, 5 d/wk) rats fed with chow diet; sedentary rats fed with a palatable hyperlipidic diet; exercised rats fed with the palatable hyperlipidic diet; sedentary rats fed with food cycles (four cycles alternating the chow and hyperlipidic diets weekly); and exercised rats fed with food cycles. After 8 wk of treatment, the animals were killed 24 h after the last exercise session. RESULTS The hyperlipidic diet and food cycles schedules caused similar increases in body weight gain, carcass lipogenesis rate and adiposity, lipid content of the liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and serum total lipid, triacylglycerol, insulin, and leptin levels. The exercise attenuated body weight gain, adipose tissue mass, and serum triacylglycerol, insulin, and leptin levels similarly in the hyperlipidic and food cycles groups. Carcass lipogenesis rate was not affected by exercise in any of the three groups. CONCLUSIONS The data showed that the continuous intake of a hyperlipidic palatable diet for 8 wk and the alternation of the high-fat intake with periods of chow intake cause obesity and affected lipid metabolism in a similar way. Chronic exercise attenuated body weight gain and adiposity and improved serum lipid concentrations in both high-fat feeding regimens.
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Oyama LM, Oller Do Nascimento CM. Effect of ethanol intake during lactation on male and female pups' liver and brain metabolism during the suckling-weaning transition period. Nutr Neurosci 2003; 6:183-8. [PMID: 12793523 DOI: 10.1080/1028415031000111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In rats, a high degree of brain development and myelination occurs during the first 15 days after birth. Ethanol intake by lactating rats modified 12 day-old pups' brain development and metabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of maternal ethanol ingestion during lactation on prepubertal (24-day-old) pups' brain and liver metabolism. Lactating rats (4 male and 4 female litters) were divided into 2 groups: control--received control liquid diet, and ethanol--received liquid diet containing 4% of ethanol. On postnatal day 24, the pups were killed by decapitation. Liver and brain were utilized for measuring Adenosine Tri-phosphate-citrate lyase and malic enzymes activities. Brain slices were incubated in medium containing glucose to determine glucose consumption and oxidation, and lipid synthesis. The ethanol intake decreased male and female pups' body, brain and liver weight. Liver Adenosine Tri-phosphate-citrate lyase activity was decreased only in male pups of the ethanol group. The intake of ethanol solution by the dams increased glucose consumption and oxidation by the incubated female pups' brain slices and decreased glucose oxidation by the male pups' brain slices. It can be concluded that the effects of maternal ethanol intake on pups' development and metabolism are gender-related.
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Gaíva MH, Couto RC, Oyama LM, Couto GEC, Silveira VLF, Ribeiro EB, Nascimento CMO. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: effect on hepatic metabolism in rats. Nutrition 2003; 19:144-9. [PMID: 12591547 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of diets rich in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids on hepatic metabolism. METHODS Male Wistar rats, just weaned, were fed ad libitum for 8 wk with one of the following diets: rat chow (C), rat chow containing 15% (w/w) soybean oil (S), rat chow containing 15% (w/w) fish oil (F), and rat chow containing 15% soy bean and fish oil (SF; 5:1, w/w). Casein was added to the fatty diets to achieve the same content of protein (20%) as the control chow. The rats were killed by decapitation, and the hepatic tissue was removed and weighed. Tissue lipid, glycogen, and protein content, in vivo lipogenesis rate, and adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase and malic enzyme activities were evaluated. Plasma total lipids, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol concentrations were assessed. RESULTS Body weight gain was higher in F and SF than in C and S rats. Liver weight, lipid content, and lipogenesis rate increased in F and SF rats, although adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase activity decreased. Glycogen concentration decreased in S, F, and SF rats compared with C rats. Plasma total lipids and triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in F and SF than in C rats. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma levels decreased in F rats, with maintenance of the total:HDL-C ratio. In SF rats, an increase in HDL-C led to a lower total:HDL-C ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that an enrichment of the diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids produces hypolipidemia but may cause changes in liver metabolism that favor lipid deposition. They also suggested that the addition of a small amount of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic polyunsaturated fatty acids to an omega-6-rich diet further improve the circulating lipid profile, in comparison with an omega-3-rich diet, but it does not prevent excess liver lipid accumulation.
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Gaíva MH, Couto RC, Oyama LM, Couto GE, Silveira VL, Riberio EB, Nascimento CM. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets: effect on adipose tissue metabolism in rats. Br J Nutr 2001; 86:371-7. [PMID: 11570989 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diets rich in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue metabolism. Starting at weaning, male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum, for 8 weeks with one of the following diets: C, rat chow; S, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) soyabean oil; F, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) fish oil; SF, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) soyabean and fish oil (5:1, w/w). Casein was added to the fat diets to achieve the same 20 % (w/w) protein content as in the control chow. Food intake and body weight were measured weekly. The rats were killed by decapitation and the retroperitoneal (RET) and epididymal (EPI) white adipose tissues were removed and weighed. Tissue lipid and protein content, in vivo lipogenesis rate, uptake of diet-derived lipids, in vitro lipolytic rate, adipocyte area, lipoprotein lipase, ATP citrate lyase, and malic enzyme activities were evaluated. Carcass lipid and protein contents were also measured. Energy intake was reduced while carcass lipid content was increased in the three fat-fed groups. However, carcass protein and body weight gains were elevated only with diets F and SF. Lipolysis rate was diminished by diets F and SF, while the uptake of diet-derived lipids was elevated by the diet S in both RET and EPI tissues. These metabolic alterations may have contributed to the increase in in vivo lipogenesis rate in the presence of decreased ATP citrate lyase and malic enzyme activities induced by the three lipid diets. These results indicate that enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids causes changes in adipose tissue metabolism that favour fat deposition. Different metabolic pathways were preferentially affected by each type of fatty acid used.
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Oyama LM, Couto RC, Couto GE, Dâmaso AR, Oller do Nascimento CM. Ethanol intake during lactation. I. Effects On dams' metabolism and pups' body weight gain. Alcohol 2000; 21:195-200. [PMID: 11091021 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-8329(00)00073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wistar lactating rats (8 pups per dam) had free access to either tap water (control group, C) or one of three concentrations of ethanol (E) in the drinking water: 5% (E5), 10% (E10), and 20% (E20). All animals received normal rat chow ad libitum and were killed on day 12 of lactation. Intake of both 10% and 20% ethanol solutions decreased food intake, dams' body weight, and pups' body weight gain as compared with findings in the C group. The relative weights (g/100g b.w.) of the mammary glands (MG) and of the parametrial white adipose tissue depot were decreased only in E20 as compared with findings in the C group. Protein and lipid content of these tissues were not altered in any of the ethanol groups. In comparison with the C group, the lipogenesis rate was increased in the MG (135. 6%) and liver (120.2%) in E5 and the MG (58.1%) and parametrial white adipose tissue depot (147.0%) in E20. No modifications in lipogenesis rate were noted in E10. The malic enzyme activity was decreased in the MG in E10 (25.3%) and E20 (26.4%) and in the liver in E20 (45.7%). In E5, however, it was increased in the liver (23. 9%). The activity of ATP-citrate lyase in the liver was decreased in E20 (56.7%), while it was increased by 37.5% in E5 and 34.2% in E10. Blood glucose concentration of dams was not affected by ethanol ingestion. However, plasma triacylglycerol concentration was higher in E10 (17.9%) and E20 (13.3%) than in the C group, and plasma protein was lower in E20 (15.7%) than in C. We concluded that alcohol intake during lactation increased the MG lipogenesis rate; although at the highest dose, this metabolic alteration was not enough to allow normal pups' growth. However, the low dose of ethanol (5%), despite having altered dams' metabolism, did not affect pups' body weight gain.
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Oyama LM, Couto RC, Couto GE, Dâmaso AR, Oller do Nascimento CM. Ethanol intake during lactation. II. Effects On pups' liver and brain metabolism. Alcohol 2000; 21:201-6. [PMID: 11091022 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-8329(00)00074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactating rats, with litters adjusted to 8 pups on day 1, were divided into 4 groups: control animals (C), which received water and Nuvilab chow ad libitum, and ethanol animals (E), which received 20% (E20), 10% (E10), or 5% (E5) ethanol diluted in the drinking water and Nuvilab chow ad libitum. On day 12 of life, the pups were weighed and decapitated. The intake of 10% and 20% ethanol solutions by the lactating rats decreased the pups' body weight and liver weight. The pups' liver ATP-citrate lyase activity was decreased in all ethanol groups. The pups' brain weight decreased in E20 only. Glucose metabolism and lactate production were studied in the pups' brain slices, which were incubated at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Henseleit buffer under carbogen in the presence of glucose (5 mM) plus 14C-glucose (0.04 microCi) with or without beta-hydroxybutyrate or insulin. Study of the incubated pups' brain slices showed that the intake of the 20% ethanol solution by the dams increased glucose consumption, oxidation, lactate production, and lipogenesis rate from glucose in all media studied, as compared with findings in the C group. In the pups' brain slices, the lactate production and lipogenesis rate from glucose were higher in E10 than in the C group. The addition of beta-hydroxybutyrate to the incubation medium caused a decrease in glucose oxidation in C, E5, and E20 and an increase in glucose consumption in E10. Ingestion of the 5% ethanol solution by dams decreased the pups' brain lipogenesis rate from glucose in all media studied. We concluded that the effects of maternal alcohol intake on the pups' development and metabolism are dose-dependent. High amounts of ethanol intake (10% or 20%) caused a great impairment in the pups' growth, as well as their liver and brain metabolism. The low dose (5%) did not affect the pups' body weight gain or their brain and liver weight, but it did alter brain glucose metabolism.
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Couto RC, Couto GE, Oyama LM, Dâmaso AR, Silveira VL, Nascimento CM. Effect of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid therapy on lipid metabolism of lactating rats. Horm Metab Res 1998; 30:614-8. [PMID: 9851668 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-978944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although adrenal glucocorticoids were known to be important for adequate milk production, little is known about their effects on the metabolism of mammary glands during lactation. In this study, lactating Wistar rats on the 12th day of lactation were divided in the following groups: sham-operated (SO) and adrenalectomized (ADX) receiving no treatment; SO and ADX starved for 24 h and refed intragastrically with 2.5 ml of 50% glucose solution, 2 h before the experiment (SOR and ADXR) and ADX receiving substitute therapy with dexamethasone (ADX + DEX). Sacrifices were performed 2 days after surgery. Weight, lipid content and in vivo lipogenesis rate were evaluated in mammary gland (M.GLAND), liver, parametrial white adipose tissue (PARA) and interescapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). ATP citrate lyase activity was measured in M.GLAND, liver and PARA of SO, ADX and ADX + DEX. The rate of lipogenesis and 14CO2 production from 14C-glucose by isolated acini from M.GLAND and plasma glucose were also determined. In ADX rats, food intake, lipid content, in vivo lipogenesis rate and ATP citrate lyase activity in M.GLAND were significantly lower than those in SO rats. The M.GLAND lipogenesis rate of SOR group was similar to the value found in SO rats. In ADXR rats, the M.GLAND lipogenesis rate was not normalized. However, the therapy with DEX elevated lipid content, in vivo lipogenesis rate and ATP citrate lyase activity to levels similar to those in SO. These results suggest that the glucocorticoids are essential for the occurrence of normal lipid synthesis in M.GLAND during lactation.
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