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Kamani N, Walters M, Carter S, Brochstein J, Eapen M, Levine J, Logan B, Panepinto J, Parikh S, Pulsipher M, Schultz K, Shenoy S. Unrelated Donor Cord Blood Transplantation for Children with Severe Sickle Cell Disease: Results of a Phase II Study from the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.12.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Claes P, Walters M, Clement J. Improved facial outcome assessment using a 3D anthropometric mask. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 41:324-30. [PMID: 22103995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to process three-dimensional facial surfaces to objectively assess outcomes of craniomaxillofacial care is urgently required. Available surface registration techniques depart from conventional facial anthropometrics by not including anatomical relationship in their analysis. Current registrations rely on the manual selection of areas or points that have not moved during surgery, introducing subjectivity. An improved technique is proposed based on the concept of an anthropometric mask (AM) combined with robust superimposition. The AM is the equivalent to landmark definitions, as used in traditional anthropometrics, but described in a spatially dense way using (∼10.000) quasi-landmarks. A robust superimposition is performed to align surface images facilitating accurate measurement of spatial differences between corresponding quasi-landmarks. The assessment describes magnitude and direction of change objectively and can be displayed graphically. The technique was applied to three patients, without any modification and prior knowledge: a 4-year-old boy with Treacher-Collins syndrome in a resting and smiling pose; surgical correction for hemimandibular hypoplasia; and mandibular hypoplasia with staged orthognathic procedures. Comparisons were made with a reported closest-point (CP) strategy. Contrasting outcomes were found where the CP strategy resulted in anatomical implausibility whilst the AM technique was parsimonious to expected differences.
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Wei R, Claes P, Walters M, Wholley C, Clement JG. Augmentation of linear facial anthropometrics through modern morphometrics: a facial convexity example. Aust Dent J 2011; 56:141-7. [PMID: 21623804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The facial region has traditionally been quantified using linear anthropometrics. These are well established in dentistry, but require expertise to be used effectively. The aim of this study was to augment the utility of linear anthropometrics by applying them in conjunction with modern 3-D morphometrics. METHODS Facial images of 75 males and 94 females aged 18-25 years with self-reported Caucasian ancestry were used. An anthropometric mask was applied to establish corresponding quasi-landmarks on the images in the dataset. A statistical face-space, encoding shape covariation, was established. The facial median plane was extracted facilitating both manual and automated indication of commonly used midline landmarks. From both indications, facial convexity angles were calculated and compared. The angles were related to the face-space using a regression based pathway enabling the visualization of facial form associated with convexity variation. RESULTS Good agreement between the manual and automated angles was found (Pearson correlation: 0.9478-0.9474, Dahlberg root mean squared error: 1.15°-1.24°). The population mean angle was 166.59°-166.29° (SD 5.09°-5.2°) for males-females. The angle-pathway provided valuable feedback. CONCLUSIONS Linear facial anthropometrics can be extended when used in combination with a face-space derived from 3-D scans and the exploration of property pathways inferred in a statistically verifiable way.
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Norquay M, Walters M, Rooney K, Gillett D. Patterns of facial growth in Western Australian children and adolescents. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Walters M, Ting S, Herbinson P, Winters J. Dental development delays in children with repaired oro-facial clefts. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2010.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bayes HK, Oyeniran O, Shepherd M, Walters M. Clinical audit: management of acute severe asthma in west Glasgow. Scott Med J 2010; 55:6-9. [PMID: 20218271 DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.55.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.K. has 75,000 hospital admissions and over 1500 deaths from asthma annually. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines represent the recognised standard for acute asthma management. We assessed the degree of conformity with these guidelines in an acute medical unit. METHODOLOGY Data from consecutive admissions were collected prospectively. Practice was audited in October December 2005 and October 2006 - January 2007. Between cycles an educational programme was instigated, RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were included. Clinical parameters were well recorded in both cycles. Peak expiratory flow was consistently under-recorded (72% at admission; 67% in monitoring). in monitoring). Severity assessment was documented at 55% and 66% in cycle one and two respectively. Of these, the assessment was incorrect in 33% in cycle one and 21% in cycle two. All misclassifications of severity were underestimates. All life-threatening attacks were not identified. No improvement occurred between cycles. Overall, 60% of patients were inappropriately treated according to BTS guidelines, 40% due to under-treatment. Under-treatment occurred more frequently in cycle two compared with cycle one (57% vs. 24%, p = 0.007), predominantly due to inadequate treatment of life-threatening asthma. CONCLUSION Management of acute asthma in a large, urban teaching hospital is suboptimal. Educational intervention failed to improve care; more comprehensive strategies are required.
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Burroughs L, Storb R, Leisenring W, Torgerson T, Nemecek E, Frangoul H, Walters M, Scharenberg A, Rawlings D, Skoda-Smith S, Ochs H, Woolfrey A. Postgrafting Immune Suppression Combined With Nonmyeloablative Conditioning For Transplantation Of HLA-Matched Related Or Unrelated Hematopoetic Cell Grafts: Preliminary Results Of A Phase II Study For Treatment Of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Walters M, Thomson K. Availability of anaesthetic drugs in Togo, West Africa. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA BELGICA 2010; 61:183-184. [PMID: 21388076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Hardie C, Bain C, Walters M. Hormone replacement therapy: the risks and benefits of treatment. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2009; 39:324-6. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2009.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Quinn TJ, Dawson J, Walters M. Dr John Rankin; his life, legacy and the 50th anniversary of the Rankin Stroke Scale. Scott Med J 2008; 53:44-7. [PMID: 18422210 DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.53.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dr John Rankin (1923-1981) is one of the many distinguished alumni of the former University Department of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Stobhill Hospital Glasgow. While his varied international career encompassed pulmonary physiology, occupational medicine and public health, he remains best remembered in the United Kingdom for his early stroke publications. In a series of articles published 50 years ago in the Scottish Medical Journal he described early rehabilitative stroke medicine using a novel grading system. Half a century on Rankin's eponymous stroke scale has become the endpoint of choice in acute stroke trials. This paper describes Rankin's remarkable career and the legacy of his work, with a particular focus on his stroke research and grading system.
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McMaster SK, Paul-Clark MJ, Walters M, Fleet M, Anandarajah J, Sriskandan S, Mitchell JA. Cigarette smoke inhibits macrophage sensing of Gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharide: relative roles of nicotine and oxidant stress. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:536-43. [PMID: 18059323 PMCID: PMC2241791 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Moreover, smokers are more prone to infections. This has been associated with a suppression of the immune system by smoke. However, it is not clear how cigarette smoke affects the ability of immune cells to sense pathogens. Cigarette smoke contains a large number of molecules which may mediate responses on immune cells and of these, nicotine and oxidants have both been identified as inhibitory for the sensing of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are both induced in macrophages on stimulation with Gram negative bacteria or LPS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used murine macrophages stimulated with whole heat-killed bacteria or LPS. We measured output of NO (as nitrite) and TNFalpha, NOS protein by Western blotting and cellular oxidant stress. KEY RESULTS Cigarette smoke extract suppressed the ability of murine macrophages to release NO, but not TNFalpha in response to whole bacteria. Cigarette smoke extract also inhibited nitric oxide synthase II protein expression in response to LPS. The effects of cigarette smoke extract on nitrite formation stimulated by LPS were unaffected by inhibition of nicotinic receptors with alpha-bungarotoxin (100 units ml(-1)). However, the effects of cigarette smoke extract on LPS-induced nitrite formation were mimicked by hydrogen peroxide and reversed by the anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine and glutathione. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We suggest that cigarette smoke exerts its immunosuppressive effects through an oxidant-dependent and not a nicotine-dependent mechanism.
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Kabbara N, Locatelli F, Rocha V, Ghavamzadeh A, Bernaudin F, Li CK, Vermylen C, Stein J, Beruchel A, Cordonnier C, Roberts I, Socié G, Gluckman E, Walters M. 6: A Multicentric Comparative Analysis of Outcomes of HLA Identical Related Cord Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients With Beta-Thalassemia or Sickle Cell Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dawson J, Weir C, Wright F, Bryden C, Aslanyan S, Lees K, Bird W, Walters M. Associations between meteorological variables and acute stroke hospital admissions in the west of Scotland. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117:85-9. [PMID: 18184342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We combined a large clinical stroke registry with the UK Met Office database to assess the association between meteorological variables and specific clinical subtypes of acute stroke. METHODS We used negative binomial regression and Poisson regression techniques to explore the effect of meteorological values to hospital with acute stroke. Differential effects of atmospheric conditions upon stroke subtypes were also investigated. RESULTS Data from 6389 patients with acute stroke were examined. The mean age (SD) was 71.2 (13.0) years. About 5723 (90%) patients suffered ischaemic stroke of which 1943 (34%) were lacunar. Six hundred and sixty-six patients (10%) had haemorrhagic stroke. Every 1 degrees C increase in mean temperature during the preceding 24 h was associated with a 2.1% increase in ischaemic stroke admissions (P = 0.004). A fall in atmospheric pressure over the preceding 48 h was associated with increased rate of haemorrhagic stroke admissions (P = 0.045). Higher maximum daily temperature gave a greater increase in lacunar stroke admissions than in other ischaemic strokes (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION We report a measurable effect of atmospheric conditions upon stroke incidence in a temperate climate.
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Alem M, Cleland S, Nazir F, Small M, Walters M. Inhibition of nitric oxide increases arterial stiffness in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2007; 24:803-4. [PMID: 17596242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moss C, Walters M, Edgar J, Gilchrist K. Oral 1, ‘Colour coded’: skin pigment and young people in the West Midlands. Br J Dermatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07876_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Walters M, Blanton C, Wilson D, Young J. Criteria Led Discharge (CLD): A Pilot Study Initiative to Reduce Average Length of Stay (ALOS) for Elective Cardiac Procedural Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.06.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Karditsas P, Lloyd G, Walters M, Peacock A. The European Fusion Material properties database. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Peacock A, Barabash V, Gillemot F, Karditsas P, Lloyd G, Rensman JW, Tavassoli AA, Walters M. EU contributions to the ITER materials properties data assessment. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Felton R, Joffrin E, Murari A, Zabeo L, Sartori F, Piccolo F, Farthing J, Budd T, Dorling S, McCullen P, Harling J, Dalley S, Goodyear A, Stephen A, Card P, Bright M, Lucock R, Jones E, Griph S, Hogben C, Beldishevski M, Buckley M, Davis J, Young I, Hemming O, Wheatley M, Heesterman P, Lloyd G, Walters M, Bridge R, Leggate H, Howell D, Zastrow KD, Giroud C, Coffey I, Hawkes N, Stamp M, Barnsley R, Edlington T, Guenther K, Gowers C, Popovichef S, Huber A, Ingesson C, Mazon D, Moreau D, Alves D, Sousa J, Riva M, Barana O, Bolzonella T, Valisa M, Innocente P, Zerbini M, Bosak K, Blum J, Vitale E, Crisanti F, de la Luna E, Sanchez J. Real-time measurement and control at JET experiment control. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Colquhoun DM, Jackson R, Walters M, Hicks BJ, Goldsmith J, Young P, Strakosch C, Kostner KM. Effects of simvastatin on blood lipids, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 levels and left ventricular function in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:251-8. [PMID: 15816994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As statin therapy has been reported to reduce antioxidants such as vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 and there are indications that this reduction may cause impairment of left ventricular function (LVF), we studied the influence of simvastatin on LVF and serum vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS We assessed the effect of simvastatin on left ventricular function and coenzyme Q10 levels in 21 (11 male, 10 female) hypercholesterolaemic subjects (mean age = 56 years) with normal LVF, over a period of 6 months. Subjects were re-tested after a 1-month wash-out period (7 months). Echocardiography was performed on all subjects before commencement of simvastatin (20 mg day(-1)), and at 1, 3, 6 and 7 months after initiation of treatment. Fasting blood samples were also collected at these intervals to assess lipids, apoproteins, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10. RESULTS Serum lipids showed the expected reductions. Plasma vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 levels were reduced by 17 +/- 4% (P < 0.01) and 12 +/- 4% (P < 0.03) at 6 months. However, the coenzyme Q10/LDL-cholesterol ratio and vitamin E/LDL-cholesterol ratio increased significantly. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) decreased transiently after 1 month, while no significant change was observed at 3 and 6 months. Other markers of left ventricular function did not change significantly at any time point. CONCLUSION Despite reduced plasma vitamin E and coenzyme Q10, 20 mg of simvastatin therapy is associated with a significantly increased coenzyme Q10/LDL-cholesterol ratio and vitamin E/LDL-cholesterol ratio. Simvastatin treatment is not associated with impairment in left ventricular systolic or diastolic function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects after 6 months of treatment.
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Walters M. The role of cord blood transplantation in thalassemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Coronary artery aneurysms are commonly of atherosclerotic origin and are frequently asymptomatic. However, they may have varied presentations including angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. A case of a giant right coronary artery aneurysm presenting with acute myocardial infarction is presented, where the aneurysm appeared to be a mediastinal mass on transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. Although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart suggested the correct diagnosis, definitive proof came from coronary angiography. Coronary artery aneurysms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses.
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Dhanjal T, Walters M, MacMillan N. Claude's syndrome in association with posterior cerebral artery stenosis. Scott Med J 2003; 48:91-2. [PMID: 12968516 DOI: 10.1177/003693300304800309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a case of a 61 year old man with midbrain infarction causing Claude's syndrome attributable to stenosis of the posterior cerebral artery. CASE DESCRIPTION The patient presented with a pupil-sparing left third nerve palsy and contralateral ataxia. A background history of treated hypertension and cigarette smoking was obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an area of infarction involving the left medial midbrain. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed significant stenosis of the left posterior cerebral artery. Antiplatelet therapy was instituted and the patient made a satisfactory recovery. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of Claude's syndrome arising in association with stenosis of the posterior cerebral artery. Intracranial large vessel disease should be considered as a potential aetiologic factor in patients with similar midbrain ischaemia.
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