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Lei S, Xiao Z. [Communication sound recognition and response modification in the secondary auditory cortex of female mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1079-1086. [PMID: 34308860 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.07.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the response characteristics of the secondary auditory cortex (A2) to wriggling calls (WC) and the mechanism of response modulation in female mice. METHODS We used patch-clamp and immunofluorescence labeling technique to mark and record the action potential and cell type of A2 neurons. Female C57 mice were stimulated with pure tone and white noise (control), 4.5 kHz, 9 kHz, or 13.5 kHz sound waves extracted from WC (single-frequency simulation group), the combinations of every two of the 3 single-frequency sound waves (two-tone frequency simulation group), or the combinations of 4.5 kHz+7.7 kHz+13.5 kHz and 4.5 kHz+9 kHz+13.5 kHz sound waves (three-frequency simulation group). The firing pattern, firing number, threshold, and latency of the action potential of the A2 neurons were recorded in response to the stimulations. RESULTS By comparison of the spikes elicited by different sound stimulations, we identified 3 types of neurons with different sensitivities to WC. The WC-sensitive neurons had a significantly greater number of spikes in response to WC than to other sounds and noise (P < 0.001). Comparison of the latency and threshold revealed significantly longer latencies of the WC-sensitive neurons and WC-insensitive neurons in response to WC stimulation than to pure tone stimulation (P=0.002), but their latencies to WC and noise stimulation were similar (P=0.093). The WC-sensitive neurons also had lower threshold to WC than to pure tone and noise stimulations (P=0.02). Analysis of the firing patterns of action potentials showed that the WCsensitive neurons consisted mainly of parvalbumin interneurons. The results of immunofluorescence labeling indicated that inhibitory interneurons were present in the A2 neurons that responded to WC. CONCLUSION A2 contains 3 types of neurons with different sensitivities to WC. Among them, the WC-sensitive neurons is mainly PV neurons, whose response characteristics to different types of sounds can help to explain the mechanism of communication sound recognition and response modification in A2.
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Li M, Tian J, Xu Z, Zeng Q, Chen W, Lei S, Wei X. Histology-based profile of inflammatory mediators in experimentally induced pulpitis in a rat model: screening for possible biomarkers. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1328-1341. [PMID: 33715185 PMCID: PMC8360108 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim To profile molecular changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced experimental pulpitis in a rat model and explore the feasibility of a molecular‐based diagnostic strategy for pulpitis. Methodology Seventy‐three maxillary incisors of Sprague‐Dawley rats were used to establish pulpitis models with LPS. Inflammatory grading was performed in four equal sections of the pulp divided from the injured site to the root apex. An antibody array was used to compare the expression of 67 molecules between control pulp and inflamed pulp 12 and 72 h after LPS application. The levels of differentially expressed molecules in the control and inflamed pulp (collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 72 h after LPS treatment) were examined via ELISA, and correlations between inflammatory scores and molecule expression were assessed. The molecule distributions in the pulp were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Data were analysed with paired t‐test, one‐way anova, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlations with significance set at P < 0.05. Results Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were observed in the injured site 3 h after LPS stimulation. Inflammatory infiltration peaked at 12 h and was limited to the injured site with osteodentine deposition at 72 h. Thirteen molecules were significantly differentially expressed between the control and LPS‐injured pulp. ELISA validated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) expression dramatically peaked at 12 h (compared with other time points, P < 0.05) and returned to baseline at 72 h. The TIMP‐1 concentration was strongly correlated with inflammation severity in the apical three‐quarters of the pulp, and the strongest correlation was found in the lower‐middle quarter (r = 0.786, P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining revealed that in the apical three‐quarters of the pulp, TIMP‐1 expression was significantly higher in the 12 h group than in the control and 3, 6, 24 and 72 h groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion This study provides a molecular profile of LPS‐induced pulpitis in a rat model. TIMP‐1 had a strong positive correlation with the severity of dental pulp inflammation, verifying the feasibility of applying biomarkers to identify specific pathological conditions in pulpitis.
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Kong Y, Ding RJ, Lei S, Wang L, Xia K, Jiang HY, Zhang LJ, Yao DK, Ma WL, Hu DY. [An analysis of insomnia and its influencing factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 2021; 60:331-337. [PMID: 33765702 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200420-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the current situation of insomnia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and analyze the influencing factors of insomnia in the ACS patients, so as to provide information on the development of new strategies for the treatment of insomnia in ACS patients. Methods: This is a multicenter and prospective observational study. A total of 771 ACS patients who met the criteria were selected from March 2013 to June 2015. The baseline social demographic information, sleep quality questionnaire, general anxiety disorder scale-7(GAD-7),patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), short-form 12 health survey questionnaire(SF-12), and enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients social inventory(ESSI) were completed within 7 days after admission. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of insomnia in ACS patients. Results: A total of 741 subjects with valid questionnaires were collected, including 510 males (68.8%) and 231 females (31.2%). Among them, 487 (65.7%) subjects had at least one insomnia symptom: 308 (41.6%) subjects had difficulty in falling asleep, 369 (49.8%) subjects were easy to wake at night, 116 (15.7%) subjects woke up earlier than they expected, 74 (10.0%) subjects experienced both woke up earlier and difficulty in falling asleep, and 53 (7.2%) subjects woke up earlier, woke up at night and had difficulty in falling asleep at the same time. Logistic regression analyses showed that before admission physical activity (OR =0.636, 95%CI 0.411-0.984), depression (OR=1.908, 95%CI 1.101-3.305) and low social support (OR=0.278, 95%CI 1.198-3.301) were independent factors of insomnia in ACS patients. Conclusions: Nearly 2/3 ACS patients have symptoms of insomnia. Difficulty in falling asleep and easy to wake up at night are the most common manifestations. Physical activity, depression and social support independently are associated with insomnia.
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Jay MA, Arat A, Wijlaars L, Ajetunmobi O, Fitzpatrick T, Lu H, Lei S, Skerritt C, Goldfeld S, Gissler M, Gunnlaugsson G, Hrafn Jónsson S, Hjern A, Guttmann A, Gilbert R. Timing of paediatric orchidopexy in universal healthcare systems: international administrative data cohort study. BJS Open 2020; 4:1117-1124. [PMID: 32706149 PMCID: PMC7709362 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines in 2008 recommended orchidopexy for undescended testis at 6-12 months of age to reduce the risk of testicular cancer and infertility. Using administrative data from England, Finland, Ontario (Canada), Scotland and Sweden (with data from Victoria (Australia) and Iceland in supplementary analyses), the aim of this study was to investigate compliance with these guidelines and identify potential socioeconomic inequities in the timing of surgery before 1 and 3 years. METHODS All boys born in 2003-2011 with a diagnosis code of undescended testis and procedure codes indicating orchidopexy before their fifth birthday were identified from administrative health records. Trends in the proportion of orchidopexies performed before 1 and 3 years of age were investigated, as were socioeconomic inequities in adherence to the guidelines. RESULTS Across all jurisdictions, the proportion of orchidopexies occurring before the first birthday increased over the study period. By 2011, from 7·6 per cent (Sweden) to 27·9 per cent (Scotland) of boys had undergone orchidopexy by their first birthday and 71·5 per cent (Sweden) to 90·4 per cent (Scotland) by 3 years of age. There was limited evidence of socioeconomic inequities for orchidopexy before the introduction of guidelines (2008). Across all jurisdictions for boys born after 2008, there was consistent evidence of inequities in orchidopexy by the first birthday, favouring higher socioeconomic position. Absolute differences in these proportions between the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups ranged from 2·5 to 5·9 per cent across jurisdictions. CONCLUSION Consistent lack of adherence to the guidelines across jurisdictions questions whether the guidelines are appropriate.
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Patil PD, Ghosh S, Wasala M, Lei S, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM, Ghosh A, Talapatra S. Gate-Induced Metal-Insulator Transition in 2D van der Waals Layers of Copper Indium Selenide Based Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13413-13420. [PMID: 31661261 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of an exquisite phenomenon such as a metal-insulator transition (MIT) in two-dimensional (2D) systems, where completely different electronic functionalities in the same system can emerge simply by regulating parameters such as charge carrier density in them, is noteworthy. Such tunability in material properties can lead to several applications where precise tuning of function specific properties are desirable. Here, we report on our observation on the occurrence of MIT in the 2D material system of copper indium selenide (CuIn7Se11). Clear evidence of the metallic nature of conductivity (σ) under the influence of electrostatic doping via the gate, which crosses over to an insulating phase upon lowering the temperature, was observed by investigating the temperature and gate dependence of σ in CuIn7Se11 field-effect transistor devices. At higher charge carrier densities (n > 1012 cm-1), we found that σ ∼ (n)α with α ∼ 2, which suggests the presence of bare Coulomb impurity scattering within the studied range of temperature (280 K > T > 20 K). Our analysis of the conductivity data following the principles of percolation theory of transition where σ ∼ (n - nC)δ show that the critical percolation exponent δ(T) has average values ∼1.57 ± 0.27 and 1.02 ± 0.35 within the measured temperature range for the two devices and it is close to the 2D percolation exponent value of 1.33. We believe that the 2D MIT seen in our system is due to the charge density inhomogeneity caused by electrostatic doping and unscreened charge impurity scattering that leads to a percolation driven transition. The findings reported here for CuIn7Se11 system provide a different material platform to investigate MIT in 2D and are crucial in order to understand the fundamental basis of electronic interactions and charge-transport phenomenon in other unexplored 2D electron systems.
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Tsai SH, Lei S, Zhu X, Tsai SP, Yin G, Che X, Deng P, Ng J, Zhang X, Lin WH, Jin Z, Qasem H, Zhou Z, Vajtai R, Yeh NC, Ajayan P, Xie YH, Wang KL. Interfacial States and Fano-Feshbach Resonance in Graphene-Silicon Vertical Junction. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6765-6771. [PMID: 31545901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial quantum states are drawing tremendous attention recently because of their importance in design of low-dimensional quantum heterostructures with desired charge, spin, or topological properties. Although most studies of the interfacial exchange interactions were mainly performed across the interface vertically, the lateral transport nowadays is still a major experimental method to probe these interactions indirectly. In this Letter, we fabricated a graphene and hydrogen passivated silicon interface to study the interfacial exchange processes. For the first time we found and confirmed a novel interfacial quantum state, which is specific to the 2D-3D interface. The vertically propagating electrons from silicon to graphene result in electron oscillation states at the 2D-3D interface. A harmonic oscillator model is used to explain this interfacial state. In addition, the interaction between this interfacial state (discrete energy spectrum) and the lateral band structure of graphene (continuous energy spectrum) results in Fano-Feshbach resonance. Our results show that the conventional description of the interfacial interaction in low-dimensional systems is valid only in considering the lateral band structure and its density-of-states and is incomplete for the ease of vertical transport. Our experimental observation and theoretical explanation provide more insightful understanding of various interfacial effects in low-dimensional materials, such as proximity effect, quantum tunneling, etc. More important, the Fano-Feshbach resonance may be used to realize all solid-state and scalable quantum interferometers.
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Wang E, Aziz A, Danner M, Yung T, Ayoob M, Lei S, Rashid A, Dritschilo A, Lischalk J, Collins B, Lynch J, Suy S, Aghdam N, Collins S. Patterns of Recurrence Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chambonneau M, Wang X, Yu X, Li Q, Chaudanson D, Lei S, Grojo D. Positive- and negative-tone structuring of crystalline silicon by laser-assisted chemical etching. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1619-1622. [PMID: 30933105 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a structuring method for crystalline silicon using nanosecond laser internal irradiation followed by chemical etching. We show a dramatic dependence of the etch rate on the laser-writing speed. Enhanced isotropic etch rates of silicon by laser-induced internal damage were recently demonstrated with strong acids, but our results add the possibility to obtain reduced etch rates leading to different topographies. Material analyses indicate the possibility to efficiently produce high-aspect ratio channels, thanks to laser-induced porosities, as well as silicon micro-bumps due to highly stressed regions. This holds promises for fabricating microfluidic, photovoltaic, and micro-electromechanical systems.
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Stoica VA, Laanait N, Dai C, Hong Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Lei S, McCarter MR, Yadav A, Damodaran AR, Das S, Stone GA, Karapetrova J, Walko DA, Zhang X, Martin LW, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V, Freeland JW. Optical creation of a supercrystal with three-dimensional nanoscale periodicity. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:377-383. [PMID: 30886403 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation with ultrafast light pulses can realize and manipulate states of matter with emergent structural, electronic and magnetic phenomena. However, these non-equilibrium phases are often transient and the challenge is to stabilize them as persistent states. Here, we show that atomic-scale PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, counterpoising strain and polarization states in alternate layers, are converted by sub-picosecond optical pulses to a supercrystal phase. This phase persists indefinitely under ambient conditions, has not been created via equilibrium routes, and can be erased by heating. X-ray scattering and microscopy show this unusual phase consists of a coherent three-dimensional structure with polar, strain and charge-ordering periodicities of up to 30 nm. By adjusting only dielectric properties, the phase-field model describes this emergent phase as a photo-induced charge-stabilized supercrystal formed from a two-phase equilibrium state. Our results demonstrate opportunities for light-activated pathways to thermally inaccessible and emergent metastable states.
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Aghdam N, Katarian S, Danner M, Ayoob M, Yung T, Lei S, Kumar D, Collins B, Lischalk J, Dritschilo A, Suy S, Lynch J, Collins S. PO-0852 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Unfavorable Prostate Cancer: Large institutional experience. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pradhan S, Ran X, Xu X, Yang Y, Lei S, Ran Y. Image Gallery: Dermoscopy of perianal molluscum contagiosum in a child caused by molluscum contagiosum virus subtype I. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:e68. [PMID: 30821395 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Jin Z, Ye F, Zhang X, Jia S, Dong L, Lei S, Vajtai R, Robinson JT, Lou J, Ajayan PM. Near-Field Coupled Integrable Two-Dimensional InSe Photosensor on Optical Fiber. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12571-12577. [PMID: 30481003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered materials possess innate advantages as integrable sensors, due to their thinness, flexibility, and sensitivity. They can be seamlessly integrated onto surfaces with different geometries where detection for near-field signal is desired. In this study, we develop a device transfer technique to integrate device assemblies based on 2D materials onto an arbitrary smooth surface. Such technique utilizes a sacrificial polymer underlayer and achieves clean and nondestructive full device transfer. For demonstration, we transferred a complete 2D multilayer InSe photodetector device onto a stripped optical fiber. Due to the extreme vicinity of the 2D photodetector with the fiber core, the device can effectively couple with the evanescent field and accurately detect information transmitted inside the optical fiber. In addition, these super thin flexible device assemblies can be integrated onto the fibers themselves to non-invasively monitor the optical fiber performance. The demonstration of optically coupled, conformal 2D devices on substrates of different form factors can enable a variety of near-field optical and sensing applications.
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Ou JF, Fang XZ, Zhao WJ, Lei S, Xue MS, Wang FJ, Li CQ, Lu YL, Li W. Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Corrosion Behavior of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Bare and Oxidized Aluminum Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5807-5812. [PMID: 29694782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that superhydrophobic surfaces in water may be used for corrosion resistance due to the entrapped air in the solid/liquid interface and could find potential applications in the protection of ship hull. For a superhydrophobic surface, as its immersion depth into water increases, the resultant hydrostatic pressure is also increased, and the entrapped air can be squeezed out much more easily. It is therefore predicted that high hydrostatic pressure would cause an unexpected decrease in corrosion resistance for the vessels in deep water (e.g., submarines) because of the unstable entrapped air. In this work, in order to clarify the role of hydrostatic pressure in the corrosion behavior of superhydrophobic surfaces, two typical superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) were prepared on bare and oxidized aluminum substrates, respectively, and then were immersed into the NaCl aqueous solutions with different depths of ∼0 cm (hydrostatic pressure ∼0 kPa), 10 cm (1 kPa), and 150 cm (15 kPa). It was found out for the SHSs on the oxidized Al, as the hydrostatic pressure increased, the corrosion behavior became severe. However, for the SHSs on the bare Al, their corrosion behavior was complex due to hydrostatic pressure. It was found that the corrosion resistance under 1 kPa was the highest. Further mechanism analysis revealed that this alleviated corrosion behavior under 1 kPa resulted from suppressing the oxygen diffusion through the liquid and reducing the subsequent corrosion rate as compared with 0 kPa, whereas the relatively low hydrostatic pressure (HP) could stabilize the entrapped air and hence enhance the corrosion resistance, compared with 15 kPa. The present study therefore provided a fundamental understanding for the applications of SHSs to prevent the corrosion, especially for various vessels in deep water.
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Baumgard LH, Horst EA, Mayorga Lozano EJ, Al-Qaisi MA, Shouse CS, Kvidera SK, Lei S, Seibert JT, Ramirez HA, Keating AF, Ross JW, Selsby JT, Appuhamy R, Rhoads RP. 405 Heat Stress, Consequences of Gut Barrier Dysfunction. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mayorga EJ, Kvidera SK, Horst EA, Al-Qaisi MA, Shouse CS, Abeyta MA, Lei S, Corley JR, Kiros TG, Elsasser TH, Kahl S, Ramirez HA, Baumgard LH. 400 Effects of Live Yeast Supplementation on Growth Performance and Biomarkers of Metabolism and Inflammation in Finishing Pigs during Heat Stress. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Repka M, Lei S, Campbell L, Suy S, Voyadzis J, Kalhorn C, McGrail K, Subramaniam D, Collins S, Jean W, Collins B. EP-1209: Long-term outcomes following conventionally fractionated stereotactic boost for high-grade glioma. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Seibert JT, Abuajamieh M, Sanz Fernandez MV, Johnson JS, Kvidera SK, Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Lei S, Patience JF, Ross JW, Rhoads RP, Johnson RC, Lonergan SM, Perfield JW, Baumgard LH. Effects of heat stress and insulin sensitizers on pig adipose tissue. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:510-520. [PMID: 29385474 PMCID: PMC6140977 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts several swine production variables, including carcass fat quality and quantity. Pigs reared in HS have more adipose tissue than energetically predicted, explainable, in part, by HS-induced hyperinsulinemia. Study objectives were to evaluate insulin's role in altering fat characteristics during HS via feeding insulin-sensitizing compounds. Forty crossbred barrows (113 ± 9 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of five environment by diet treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) fed ad libitum (TNAL), 2) TN and pair-fed (TNPF), 3) HS fed ad libitum (HSAL), 4) HS fed ad libitum with sterculic oil (SO) supplementation (HSSO; 13 g/d), and 5) HS fed ad libitum with dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation (HSCr; 0.5 mg/d; Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA). The study consisted of three experimental periods (P). During P0 (2 d), all pigs were exposed to TN conditions (23 ± 3 °C, 68 ± 10% RH) and fed ad libitum. During P1 (7 d), all pigs received their respective dietary supplements, were maintained in TN conditions, and fed ad libitum. During P2 (21 d), HSAL, HSSO, and HSCr pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to cyclical HS conditions (28 to 33 °C, 58 ± 10% RH). The TNAL and TNPF pigs remained in TN conditions and were fed ad libitum or pair-fed to their HSAL counterparts. Rectal temperature (TR), respiration rate (RR), and skin temperature (TS) were obtained daily at 0600 and 1800 h. At 1800 h, HS exposed pigs had increased TR, RR, and TS relative to TNAL controls (1.13 °C, 48 bpm, and 3.51 °C, respectively; P < 0.01). During wk 2 and 3 of P2, HSSO pigs had increased 1800 h TR relative to HSAL and HSCr (~0.40 and ~0.42 °C, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). Heat stress decreased ADFI and ADG compared to TNAL pigs (2.24 vs. 3.28 and 0.63 vs. 1.09 kg/d, respectively; P < 0.01) and neither variable was affected by SO or Cr supplementation. Heat stress increased or tended to increase moisture content of abdominal (7.7 vs. 5.9%; P = 0.07) and inner s.c. (11.4 vs. 9.8%; P < 0.05) adipose depots compared to TNAL controls. Interestingly, TNPF pigs also had increased adipose tissue moisture content and this was most pronounced in the outer s.c. depot (15.0 vs. 12.2%; P < 0.01) compared to TNAL pigs. Heat stress had little or no effect on fatty acid composition of abdominal, inner, and outer s.c. adipose tissue depots. In summary, the negative effects of HS on fat quality do not appear to be fatty acid composition related, but may be explained by increased adipose tissue moisture content.
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Zhu X, Lei S, Tsai SH, Zhang X, Liu J, Yin G, Tang M, Torres CM, Navabi A, Jin Z, Tsai SP, Qasem H, Wang Y, Vajtai R, Lake RK, Ajayan PM, Wang KL. A Study of Vertical Transport through Graphene toward Control of Quantum Tunneling. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:682-688. [PMID: 29300487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Vertical integration of van der Waals (vdW) materials with atomic precision is an intriguing possibility brought forward by these two-dimensional (2D) materials. Essential to the design and analysis of these structures is a fundamental understanding of the vertical transport of charge carriers into and across vdW materials, yet little has been done in this area. In this report, we explore the important roles of single layer graphene in the vertical tunneling process as a tunneling barrier. Although a semimetal in the lateral lattice plane, graphene together with the vdW gap act as a tunneling barrier that is nearly transparent to the vertically tunneling electrons due to its atomic thickness and the transverse momenta mismatch between the injected electrons and the graphene band structure. This is accentuated using electron tunneling spectroscopy (ETS) showing a lack of features corresponding to the Dirac cone band structure. Meanwhile, the graphene acts as a lateral conductor through which the potential and charge distribution across the tunneling barrier can be tuned. These unique properties make graphene an excellent 2D atomic grid, transparent to charge carriers, and yet can control the carrier flux via the electrical potential. A new model on the quantum capacitance's effect on vertical tunneling is developed to further elucidate the role of graphene in modulating the tunneling process. This work may serve as a general guideline for the design and analysis of vdW vertical tunneling devices and heterostructures, as well as the study of electron/spin injection through and into vdW materials.
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Lin CY, Zhu X, Tsai SH, Tsai SP, Lei S, Shi Y, Li LJ, Huang SJ, Wu WF, Yeh WK, Su YK, Wang KL, Lan YW. Atomic-Monolayer Two-Dimensional Lateral Quasi-Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors with Resonant Tunneling Phenomenon. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11015-11023. [PMID: 28976732 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency operation with ultrathin, lightweight, and extremely flexible semiconducting electronics is highly desirable for the development of mobile devices, wearable electronic systems, and defense technologies. In this work, the experimental observation of quasi-heterojunction bipolar transistors utilizing a monolayer of the lateral WSe2-MoS2 junctions as the conducting p-n channel is demonstrated. Both lateral n-p-n and p-n-p heterojunction bipolar transistors are fabricated to exhibit the output characteristics and current gain. A maximum common-emitter current gain of around 3 is obtained in our prototype two-dimensional quasi-heterojunction bipolar transistors. Interestingly, we also observe the negative differential resistance in the electrical characteristics. A potential mechanism is that the negative differential resistance is induced by resonant tunneling phenomenon due to the formation of quantum well under applying high bias voltages. Our results open the door to two-dimensional materials for high-frequency, high-speed, high-density, and flexible electronics.
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Aghdam N, Smith C, Johnson C, Danner M, Ayoob M, Yung T, Lei S, Collins B, Dritschilo A, Suy S, Lynch J, Collins S. Predictors of Decreased Mobility Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Collins S, Danner M, Hung M, Ayoob M, Yung T, Lei S, Collins B, Dritschilo A, Suy S. Utilization of Patient-Reported Outcomes to Guide Symptom Management During Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paydar I, Pepin A, Aghdam N, Yung T, Bullock E, Lei S, Danner M, Satinsky A, Harter K, Suy S, Dritschilo A, Lynch J, Collins S. Supplemental IMRT May Increase the Risk of Rectal Bleeding in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lei S, Ding RJ, Wang L, Xia K, Zhang LJ, Yao DK, Hu DY. [Social support status and related influential factors of patients with acute coronary syndrome]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2017; 45:399-403. [PMID: 28511324 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the social support status, related influential factors and the impact on one year outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), our data might be helpful to provide basis for making new treatment strategy aimed at improving social support for patients with ACS. Methods: From January 2013 to June 2014, a total of 778 hospitalized patients with ACS were enrolled in the study. All patients completed enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients social support inventory(ESSI), general anxiety disorder scale(GAD-7), patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9), short-form 12 health survey questionnaire(SF-12), sleep questionnaire and demographic questionnaire within 7 days after admission and at 6 months and one year post discharge. Multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze factors that influenced the social support. Results: The total score of social support was 17.08±3.61, 17.72±3.04, and 17.76±3.05 respectively in patients with ACS at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after discharge. Patients had a higher point of social support at 6 months (t=-2.69, P<0.01) and 12 months (t=-2.86, P<0.01) after discharge than at baseline. Multiple regression analysis for baseline data identified five significant predictors of low social support status: workers or farmers (t=2.82, P<0.01), low family monthly income (t=2.42, P<0.05), anxiety (t=-3.66, P<0.01), depression (t=-3.22, P<0.01) and low quality of life (t=4.38, P<0.01). Conclusions: Social support of patients with ACS is lower in China, and there are significant relationships between low social support and occupation, economic status, anxiety, depression, quality of life of ACS patients.
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Rauw WM, Mayorga EJ, Lei S, Dekkers JCM, Patience JF, Gabler NK, Lonergan SM, Baumgard LH. 029 Effects of genetics on growth and feed intake in response to repeated exposure to heat stress. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rauw WM, Mayorga EJ, Lei S, Dekkers JCM, Patience JF, Gabler NK, Lonergan SM, Baumgard LH. 009 Effects of genetics on thermal regulatory responses to repeated heat stress exposure in pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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