26
|
Cencetti G, Santin G, Longa A, Pigani E, Barrat A, Cattuto C, Lehmann S, Salathé M, Lepri B. Digital proximity tracing on empirical contact networks for pandemic control. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1655. [PMID: 33712583 PMCID: PMC7955065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital contact tracing is a relevant tool to control infectious disease outbreaks, including the COVID-19 epidemic. Early work evaluating digital contact tracing omitted important features and heterogeneities of real-world contact patterns influencing contagion dynamics. We fill this gap with a modeling framework informed by empirical high-resolution contact data to analyze the impact of digital contact tracing in the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate how well contact tracing apps, coupled with the quarantine of identified contacts, can mitigate the spread in real environments. We find that restrictive policies are more effective in containing the epidemic but come at the cost of unnecessary large-scale quarantines. Policy evaluation through their efficiency and cost results in optimized solutions which only consider contacts longer than 15-20 minutes and closer than 2-3 meters to be at risk. Our results show that isolation and tracing can help control re-emerging outbreaks when some conditions are met: (i) a reduction of the reproductive number through masks and physical distance; (ii) a low-delay isolation of infected individuals; (iii) a high compliance. Finally, we observe the inefficacy of a less privacy-preserving tracing involving second order contacts. Our results may inform digital contact tracing efforts currently being implemented across several countries worldwide.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zephyr L, Cyr C, Monette S, Archambault M, Lehmann S, Minnis H. Meta-Analyses of the Associations Between Disinhibited Social Engagement Behaviors and Child Attachment Insecurity or Disorganization. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:949-962. [PMID: 33616810 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Children with disinhibited social engagement disorder show reduced reticence with strangers, do not check back with their caregiver after venturing away, and may willingly leave with an unfamiliar adult. The recent DSM-5 has moved away from an attachment framework to understand disinhibited social engagement behavior (DSEB) due to studies indicating its presence in previously institutionalized children even after these children are adopted and show a selective, more secure attachment with their substitute caregiver (e.g. Chisholm et al., 1998). This meta-analysis aims to clarify the size of the associations between DSEB and attachment insecurity or disorganization. It also examines whether studies effect sizes differ according to various moderators (e.g., child age, type of attachment and DSEB measures). The results (k = 24) showed that the associations between DSEB and attachment insecurity (d = 0.48) or attachment disorganization (d = 0.47) were of small magnitude. There were no publication biases. As for moderator analyses on both attachment insecurity and disorganization, the effect sizes in studies using DSEB observational measures (respectively d = 0.63 and 0.57) were of moderate magnitude and stronger than those in studies not using an observational component (respectively d = 0.28 and 0.32). Given these small-to-moderate associations, attachment can be considered a relationship process associated with DSEB, and attachment-informed interventions could be potential tools to reduce DSEB in children. Nevertheless, given the sizable unshared portion of variance between DSEB and child attachment, future studies should examine other variables related to caregiving and noncaregiving contexts to further understand DSEB.
Collapse
|
28
|
Moussavi Y, Breivik K, Wergeland GJ, Haugland BSM, Larsen M, Lehmann S. Internalizing Symptom Profiles Among Youth in Foster Care: A Comparison Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711626. [PMID: 34489762 PMCID: PMC8418133 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A high prevalence of anxiety and depression is found among youth in foster care. There is limited knowledge on the anxiety and depression symptom profiles of youth in foster care. We examined latent profiles of anxiety and depression symptoms across three unique youth samples and whether youth in foster care were more or less likely to belong to specific symptom profiles than their peers recruited from clinical or general youth populations. We also investigated if these profiles were predicted by sex and age. Methods: Self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed by Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Data were pooled from three youth samples (N = 2,005; mean age = 13.9 years, range = 11-18 years) comprising youth in foster care (n = 245), a clinical youth sample (n = 107), and a general population youth sample (n = 1,653). Symptom profiles were identified using latent profile analyses. Multinominal logistic regression was used to predict the latent profile membership. Results: Three profiles that differed both in symptom level and shape were identified and labeled as low, medium, and high symptom profile. Compared to the general population youth sample, youth in foster care had a higher likelihood of belonging to the high symptom profile, but not the medium symptom profile. Youth from the clinical sample had an increased risk of belonging to the medium and high symptom profiles compared to the youth in foster care and general population youth samples. Across samples, girls yielded a higher likelihood of having a medium or high symptom profile. Increasing age was associated with a higher likelihood of being in the high symptom profile. Conclusion: Compared to their counterparts in the general population, youth in foster care are at risk of belonging to a class of youth with high symptom levels across subtypes of internalizing symptoms, indicating the importance of systematic and broad assessment of internalizing symptoms among these youth. Knowledge on the symptom profiles of anxiety subtypes and depression increases our understanding of the treatment needs of youth in foster care.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gluschke JG, Seidl J, Lyttleton RW, Nguyen K, Lagier M, Meyer F, Krogstrup P, Nygård J, Lehmann S, Mostert AB, Meredith P, Micolich AP. Integrated bioelectronic proton-gated logic elements utilizing nanoscale patterned Nafion. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:224-233. [PMID: 34821301 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A central endeavour in bioelectronics is the development of logic elements to transduce and process ionic to electronic signals. Motivated by this challenge, we report fully monolithic, nanoscale logic elements featuring n- and p-type nanowires as electronic channels that are proton-gated by electron-beam patterned Nafion. We demonstrate inverter circuits with state-of-the-art ion-to-electron transduction performance giving DC gain exceeding 5 and frequency response up to 2 kHz. A key innovation facilitating the logic integration is a new electron-beam process for patterning Nafion with linewidths down to 125 nm. This process delivers feature sizes compatible with low voltage, fast switching elements. This expands the scope for Nafion as a versatile patternable high-proton-conductivity element for bioelectronics and other applications requiring nanoengineered protonic membranes and electrodes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Monette S, Cyr C, Terradas MM, Couture S, Minnis H, Lehmann S. Development and Validation of a Measure of Attachment Disorders Based on DSM-5 Criteria: The Early TRAuma-Related Disorders Questionnaire (ETRADQ). Assessment 2020; 29:556-571. [PMID: 33380162 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120981763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A review of the scientific literature showed few valid tools for assessing reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), two diagnostic entities traditionally grouped under "attachment disorders." The Early TRAuma-related Disorders Questionnaire (ETRADQ), a caregiver report, was developed to assess attachment disorders in school-age children based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition criteria. This study sought to validate this instrument. METHOD Caregivers of school-age children from the community (n = 578) and caregivers of at-risk children adopted or in out-of-home care (n = 245) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the ETRADQ, the Relationship Problem Questionnaire, the RADA (RAD and DSED Assessment) interview, and the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale for Children and Adolescents. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis of the ETRADQ items supported the expected organization of the measure, that is, two second-order factors and five subfactors: (1) RAD scale (three subscales: Low selective attachment, Low social and emotional responsiveness, Emotional unpredictability) and (2) DSED scale (two subscales: Interactions with unfamiliar adults, Social disinhibition). All scales showed excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and known-group validity. CONCLUSIONS Results support the reliability and validity of the ETRADQ.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lehmann S, Herrmann F, Kleemann K, Spiegler V, Liebau E, Hensel A. Extract and the quassinoid ailanthone from Ailanthus altissima inhibit nematode reproduction by damaging germ cells and rachis in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
32
|
Larsen M, Goemans A, Baste V, Wilderjans TF, Lehmann S. Predictors of quality of life among youths in foster care-a 5-year prospective follow-up study. Qual Life Res 2020; 30:543-554. [PMID: 32974880 PMCID: PMC7886817 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have investigated possible predictors of positive outcomes for youths in foster care. The aim of this prospective follow-up study was to examine quality of life (QoL) among youths in foster care and to assess whether contextual and child factors predicted QoL. METHODS Online questionnaires were completed by carers in Norway in 2012 (T1, n = 236, child age 6-12 years) and by youths and carers in 2017 (T2, n = 405, youth age 11-18 years). We received responses on 116 of the youths at both T1 and T2, and our final sample consisted of 525 youths with responses from T1 and/or T2. Child welfare caseworkers reported preplacement maltreatment and service use at T1. We assessed mental health and prosocial behavior at T1 by having carers complete the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and QoL at T2 with youth-reported KIDSCREEN-27. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, t-tests and multiple linear regressions, and we used multiple imputation to handle missing data. RESULTS Youths in foster care had lower QoL across all dimensions compared to a Swedish general youth sample. QoL scores among our sample were similar to Norwegian youths with ill or substance abusing parents and to European norm data. Youths reported the highest QoL scores on the parent relations and autonomy dimension. Male gender, younger age, kinship care and prosocial behavior five years earlier predicted higher QoL. CONCLUSION Similar to other at-risk youths, youths in foster care seem to have lower QoL than the general Scandinavian population. Despite early adversities, they had good relations with their current carers. Adolescent girls seem especially vulnerable to low QoL and might need extra support to have good lives in foster care.
Collapse
|
33
|
Delaby C, Alcolea D, Carmona-Iragui M, Illán-Gala I, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Barroeta I, Altuna M, Estellés T, Santos-Santos M, Turon-Sans J, Muñoz L, Ribosa-Nogué R, Sala-Matavera I, Sánchez-Saudinos B, Subirana A, Videla L, Benejam B, Sirisi S, Lehmann S, Belbin O, Clarimon J, Blesa R, Pagonabarraga J, Rojas-Garcia R, Fortea J, Lleó A. Differential levels of Neurofilament Light protein in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9161. [PMID: 32514050 PMCID: PMC7280194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are useful in the diagnosis and the prediction of progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, CSF neurofilament light (NfL) protein has particular interest, as its levels reflect neuroaxonal degeneration, a common feature in various neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we analyzed NfL levels in the CSF of 535 participants of the SPIN (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration) cohort including cognitively normal participants, patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS). We evaluated the differences in CSF NfL accross groups and its association with other CSF biomarkers and with cognitive scales. All neurogenerative diseases showed increased levels of CSF NfL, with the highest levels in patients with ALS, FTD, CBS and PSP. Furthermore, we found an association of CSF NfL levels with cognitive impairment in patients within the AD and FTD spectrum and with AD pathology in DLB and DS patients. These results have implications for the use of NfL as a marker in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lehmann S, Monette S, Egger H, Breivik K, Young D, Davidson C, Minnis H. Development and Examination of the Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Assessment Interview. Assessment 2020; 27:749-765. [PMID: 30175603 PMCID: PMC7227130 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118797422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) categorizes reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) as two separate disorders, and their criteria are revised. For DSED, the core symptoms focus on abnormal social disinhibition, and symptoms regarding lack of selective attachment have been removed. The core symptoms of RAD are the absence of attachment behaviors and emotional dysregulation. In this study, an international team of researchers modified the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment for RAD to update it from DSM-IV to DSM-5 criteria for RAD and DSED. We renamed the interview the reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder assessment (RADA). Foster parents of 320 young people aged 11 to 17 years completed the RADA online. Confirmatory factor analysis of RADA items identified good fit for a three-factor model, with one factor comprising DSED items (indiscriminate behaviors with strangers) and two factors comprising RAD items (RAD1: failure to seek/accept comfort, and RAD2: withdrawal/hypervigilance). The three factors showed differential associations with clinical symptoms of emotional and social impairment. Time in foster care was not associated with scores on RAD1, RAD2, or DSED. Higher age was associated with lower scores on DSED, and higher scores on RAD1.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lehmann S, Breivik K, Monette S, Minnis H. Potentially traumatic events in foster youth, and association with DSM-5 trauma- and stressor related symptoms. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104374. [PMID: 31982843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In DSM 5, three disorders are related to trauma and/or maltreatment: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) but how these disorders relate to each other and to traumatic events is unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined 1. Prevalence of Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) and poly-victimization for youths in foster care. 2. Associations between single/multiple PTEs and PTSD, DSED, and the two symptom-clusters that constitute RAD: Failure to seek/accept comfort (RAD A), and Low social-emotional responsiveness/ emotion dysregulation (RAD B). PARTICIPANTS, SETTING AND METHODS Foster youth 11-17 years (N = 303) in Norway completed The Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen. Foster parents completed the RAD and DSED Assessment interview. RESULTS Foster youth reported experiencing, on average, 3.44 PTEs each (range 0-15, SD 3.33), and 52.9 % reported PTSD symptoms at or above clinical cut off. The PTE sum score was associated with the latent factors PTSD (r = .66, p < 0.001), RAD cluster B symptoms (Low social-emotional responsiveness / emotion dysregulation, r = .28, p < 0.001) and DSED (r = .11, p = 0.046), but not with RAD cluster A symptoms (Failure to seek/accept comfort). CONCLUSIONS These findings raise new questions about the nature, mechanisms and timing of development of RAD and DSED. Maltreatment assessment needs to encompass a wide range of PTEs, and consider poly-victimization.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vogeler E, Dieterlen MT, Garbade J, Lehmann S, Julia F, Jawad K, Alaeldin A, Borger M, Meyer A. Telemedicine-Managed Anticoagulation Is Not Superior to Self-Management in LVAD Patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
37
|
Potts H, Chen IJ, Tsintzis A, Nilsson M, Lehmann S, Dick KA, Leijnse M, Thelander C. Electrical control of spins and giant g-factors in ring-like coupled quantum dots. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5740. [PMID: 31844044 PMCID: PMC6915759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging theoretical concepts for quantum technologies have driven a continuous search for structures where a quantum state, such as spin, can be manipulated efficiently. Central to many concepts is the ability to control a system by electric and magnetic fields, relying on strong spin-orbit interaction and a large g-factor. Here, we present a mechanism for spin and orbital manipulation using small electric and magnetic fields. By hybridizing specific quantum dot states at two points inside InAs nanowires, nearly perfect quantum rings form. Large and highly anisotropic effective g-factors are observed, explained by a strong orbital contribution. Importantly, we find that the orbital contributions can be efficiently quenched by simply detuning the individual quantum dot levels with an electric field. In this way, we demonstrate not only control of the effective g-factor from 80 to almost 0 for the same charge state, but also electrostatic change of the ground state spin.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lundetræ R, Saxvig I, Lehmann S, Bjorvatn B. Effect of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on anxiety and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Thouvenot E, Demattei C, Lehmann S, Maceski‐Maleska A, Hirtz C, Juntas‐Morales R, Pageot N, Esselin F, Alphandéry S, Vincent T, Camu W. Serum neurofilament light chain at time of diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor of survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:251-257. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
40
|
Menon P, Zakhary W, Noack T, Lehmann S, Borger M, Ender J, Forner AF. Outcomes following veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock in adult cardiac surgical patients with a normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
41
|
Hawro T, Lehmann S, Deuring E, Weller K, Altrichter S, Church M, Maurer M, Metz M. Comparison of pruritus and sensory qualities induced by capsaicin, histamine and cowhage. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1755-1761. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Quaglia M, Cano S, Delatour V, Divieto C, Fillmer A, Goeschel L, Lehmann S, Melin J, Pang S, Verona G. Innovative measurements for improved diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Rucheton B, Quadrio I, Schraen S, Amar E, Oudart J, Chevalier S, Bigot-Corbel E, Bousiges O, Maceski AM, Malaplate C, Dufour D, Coart E, Lehmann S, Lamari F, Perret-Liaudet A. Equivalence between Innotest® and Lumipulse®G assays for CSF biomarker-based risk profiling in Alzheimer's disease: A multicenter study. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Lehmann S, Paquet C, Malaplate-Armand C, Magnin E, Schraen S, Quillard-Muraine M, Bousiges O, Delaby C, Dumurgier J, Hugon J, Sablonnière B, Blanc F, Wallon D, Gabelle A, Laplanche JL, Bouaziz-Amar E, Peoc'h K. Diagnosis associated with Tau higher than 1200 pg/mL: Insights from the clinical and laboratory practice. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:451-456. [PMID: 31051163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are valuable tools for the diagnosis of neurological diseases. We aimed to investigate within a retrospective multicentric study the final diagnosis associated with very high CSF Tau levels and to identify patterns of biomarkers that would differentiate them in clinical practice, to help clinical biologists into physicians' counseling. PATIENTS AND METHODS Within the national multicentric network ePLM, we included 1743 patients from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013, with CSF biomarkers assayed by the same Innotest assays (protein Tau, phospho-Tau [pTau], and Aβ 1-42). We identified 205 patients with protein Tau concentration higher than 1200 pg/mL and final diagnosis. RESULTS Among those patients, 105 (51.2%) were suffering from Alzheimer's disease, 37 (18%) from sporadic Creuztfeldt-Jakob disease, and 63 (30.7%) from other neurological diseases including paraneoplastic/ central nervous system tumor, frontotemporal dementia, other diagnoses, amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body dementia, and infections of the central nervous system. Phospho-Tau, Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/pTau values differed significantly between the three groups of patients (p < .001). An Aβ1-42/pTau ratio between 4.7 and 9.7 was suggestive of other neurological diseases (threshold in AD: 8.3). CSF 14-3-3 was useful to discriminate Alzheimer's disease from Creuztfeldt-Jakob disease in case of Aβ1-42 concentrations <550 pg/mL or pTau>60 pg/mL. CONCLUSION This work emphasizes the interest of a well-thought-out interpretation of CSF biomarkers in neurological diseases, particularly in the case of high Tau protein concentrations in the CSF.
Collapse
|
45
|
Auboyer L, Monzo C, Wallon D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Gabelle A, Gazagne I, Cacheux V, Lehmann S, Crozet C. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) IRMBi002-A from an Alzheimer's disease patient carrying a D694N mutation in the APP gene. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101438. [PMID: 31004935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were generated from skin fibroblasts obtained from a 58 year-old woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease and carrying a D694N mutation on Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Fibroblasts were reprogrammed into iPSC using the integration-free Sendai Virus which allows the expression of the Yamanaka factors. Verification of their pluripotency was achieved by demonstrating the expression of pluripotency markers and their differentiation potential into the three primary germ layers. The cells have the corresponding mutation and present a normal karyotype. The reported APP-D694N iPSC line may be used to model and study human AD pathology in vitro.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lehmann S, Womelsdorf T, Corneil B. cTBS increases the frequency of narrow-band gamma bursts in the contralateral pre-frontal cortex in a primate model of rTMS. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
47
|
Lipps DB, Leonardis JM, Lehmann S, Dess RT, McGinnis G, Strauss JB, Hayman JA, Pierce LJ, Jagsi R. Abstract P1-12-18: Mechanical properties of the shoulder and pectoralis major in women undergoing breast conserving therapy with axillary dissection and regional nodal radiotherapy versus sentinel node biopsy and radiotherapy to the breast alone. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-12-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy (RT) reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence, but can cause various functional deficits in breast cancer survivors. Side effects to the shoulder can include pain, stiffness, and restricted mobility, which are difficult to objectively assess in the clinic.
Methods: The mechanical integrity of the shoulder and the pectoralis major (PM) was assessed in patients at least 1 year post-treatment with BCS and RT. Nine patients with node-negative breast cancer were treated with 2 RT fields to the breast alone after BCS and sentinel node biopsy (Group 1). Nine patients with node-positive breast cancer were treated with ≥3 RT fields to the breast and draining lymphatics after BCS and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (Group 2). Nodal RT was delivered to the supraclavicular and infraclavicular (level III axillary) nodes in 9/9 patients, the internal mammary nodes in 6/9 patients, and the full axilla (levels I, II, and III) in 1/9 patient. Nine age-matched healthy controls (mean age 54) with no history of breast cancer or shoulder injury were also examined. The mechanical integrity of the shoulder was objectively quantified using robot-assisted biomechanical measures of shoulder stiffness. The shear elastic modulus, or 'stiffness', of the clavicular and sternocostal fiber regions of PM was assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Participants were examined while they were relaxed or actively contracting force with their shoulder muscles. Linear mixed effect models with Bonferroni-corrected multiple comparisons were used to determine if shoulder stiffness or PM shear elastic modulus differed between the two breast cancer groups and controls.
Results: Patients in Groups 1 (mean age 54) and 2 (mean age 57) were an average (SD) 754(111) and 988(163) days since initiating RT (p=0.003). Shoulder stiffness did not differ between the 2 groups and healthy controls (F2,27=0.76, p=0.48), There was a significant group difference in PM shear elastic modulus (F2,27=8.33, p=0.0015), with Group 2 patients exhibiting an average greater stiffness of 14-21% in the sternocostal and 12-28% in the clavicular regions of the PM versus Group 1 patients (p<0.001) and healthy controls (p =0.021). There was no difference between patients treated with Group 1 and controls (p=0.29).
Conclusions: Although power is limited due to small sample size, this study provides the first evidence that the mechanical integrity of the shoulder remains intact in patients who receive ALND combined with a supraclavicular field (generally without full axillary radiotherapy). The observation of altered PM function without subsequent changes to shoulder stiffness in patients treated with ALND and ≥3 RT fields suggests these patients likely develop new neuromuscular strategies to stabilize the shoulder joint to compensate for the PM. Future work is needed to appreciate whether certain muscle strategies are associated with poorer quality of life in breast cancer survivors, and to prospectively monitor the impact of breast cancer treatments on PM mechanical properties.
Citation Format: Lipps DB, Leonardis JM, Lehmann S, Dess RT, McGinnis G, Strauss JB, Hayman JA, Pierce LJ, Jagsi R. Mechanical properties of the shoulder and pectoralis major in women undergoing breast conserving therapy with axillary dissection and regional nodal radiotherapy versus sentinel node biopsy and radiotherapy to the breast alone [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-18.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gluschke JG, Seidl J, Burke AM, Lyttleton RW, Carrad DJ, Ullah AR, Fahlvik S, Lehmann S, Linke H, Micolich AP. Achieving short high-quality gate-all-around structures for horizontal nanowire field-effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:064001. [PMID: 30523834 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf1e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a fabrication method for gate-all-around nanowire field-effect transistors. Single nanowires were aligned perpendicular to underlying bottom gates using a resist-trench alignment technique. Top gates were then defined aligned to the bottom gates to form gate-all-around structures. This approach overcomes significant limitations in minimal obtainable gate length and gate-length control in previous horizontal wrap-gated nanowire transistors that arise because the gate is defined by wet-etching. In the method presented here gate-length control is limited by the resolution of the electron-beam-lithography process. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by fabricating a device with an independent bottom gate, top gate, and gate-all-around structure as well as a device with three independent gate-all-around structures with 300, 200, and 150 nm gate length. Our method enables us to achieve subthreshold swings as low as 38 mV dec-1 at 77 K for a 150 nm gate length.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lehmann S, Jawad K, Hoyer A, Dieterlen T, Funkat K, Meyer A, Garbade J, Davierwala P, Borger M. Is Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation an Option in Patients with Refractory Postcardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock? Long-Term Follow-up Over 1,500 Consecutive Adult Patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
50
|
Lehmann S, Dieterlen MT, Garbade J, Meyer A, Funkat K, Hoyer A, Jawad K, Leontyev S, Davierwala P, Borger M. Impact of ABO Blood Group on Survival after Isolated Xenograft Aortic Valve Replacement. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|