[Clinical safety and efficiency of ultrasonic bone curette used in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery]

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficiency of ultrasonic bone curette used in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery. Methods: As a retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the clinical data of 47 patients receiving anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery in Luohe Central Hospital from January 2014 to January 2017, there were 26 males and 21 females with a mean age of (52±9) years. According to the different surgical tools used in the process of decompression by resecting osteophytes or bone like an inverted Chinese character "" located at the posterior margin of the vertebral body, the patients were divided into two groups: ultrasonic bone curette group (group A) and traditional tools group (group B). The operating time, volume of intraoperative blood losing, complications, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score before and after the operation and improvement rate were recorded in the two groups. The t test was used to compare the data between the two groups. Results: In group A, the operating time was (47±7) min, blood loss was (49±4) ml, 1 case experienced urinary tract infection and there was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage or spinal cord injury. In group B, the operating time was (54±12) min and the blood loss was (117±16) ml, cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 2 patients and the incision healed one-stage by local compression, hoarseness happened in 1 case and it disappeared after 2 weeks, 2 patients had swallowing discomfort and recovered in one month, no spinal cord injury occurred in this group. The operating time and blood loss in group A were lower than those in group B (t=2.691, 20.704, both P<0.05). And the incidence of complications in group A were lower than that in group B (χ(2)=4.157, P=0.041). The JOA score of group A at 3 days after surgery was improved for 39.0% when compared with that before the surgery, and it was improved for 71.6% at one year after the surgery. The JOA score in group B at 3 days after surgery was elevated for 38.7% from that before the surgery, and it increased for 69.4% at one year after the surgery. There was no significant different in JOA score before the surgery, 3 days and one year after the surgery between the two groups (t=0.611, 1.076, 0.061, all P>0.05). Conclusion: In the process of decompression by resecting osteophytes or bone located at the posterior margin of the vertebral body in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery, ultrasonic bone curette is safe and effective, and it can effectively shorten the operating time, decrease the blood loss and cut down the incidence of complications.

Responses of hemocyanin and energy metabolism to acute nitrite stress in juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Nitrite is a common toxic substance in culture systems of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the stress may disturb hemocyanin synthesis and energy metabolism and result in shrimp death. In the present study, nitrite at concentrations of 0 (control), 3.3 (46.2 NO₂-N mg/L), 6.6 (92.4) and 9.9 mM (138.6) was used to evaluate the responses of hemocyanin level and energy metabolism in L. vannamei (5.80 ± 0.44 cm, 1.88 ± 0.38 g) for 96 h. The mortality rate at 96 h increased with nitrite concentration (50% at 9.9 mM, 40% at 6.6 mM, 30% at 3.3 mM, and 10% at 0 mM). In general, HIF-1α and hemocyanin mRNA expression in the nitrite stress groups was upregulated from 6 to 12 h and downregulated from 24 to 96 h. In the hemolymph, nitrite levels were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and exposure to nitrite stress significantly decreased the oxyhemocyanin content from 24 to 96 h. The glucose and lactate levels in the hemolymph in the nitrite stress groups were higher than those in the control group from 12 to 96 h. Compared with the control group, the shrimp in the nitrite stress groups exhibited decreased glycogen concentrations in the hepatopancreas. The triglyceride (TG) levels in the nitrite stress groups were all higher than those in the control group from 48 to 96 h. The hexokinase (HK) activity in the hepatopancreas and muscle increased in the nitrite stress groups from 48 to 96 h. In general, nitrite stress enhanced the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in muscle from 24 to 96 h. In addition, nitrite stress decreased the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) from 24 to 96 h in the hepatopancreas and muscle. This study indicates that exposure to nitrite stress can enhance the accumulation of nitrite in the hemolymph and then reduce oxygenation and hemocyanin synthesis, leading to tissue hypoxia and thereby resulting in accelerated anaerobic metabolism and the inhibition of aerobic metabolism. The effects of nitrite stress on hemocyanin synthesis and energy metabolism may be one of the reasons for the mortality of L. vannamei in culture systems.

The synergic inhibitory effects of dark tea (Camellia sinensis) extract and p38 inhibition on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells

Background: Dark tea is one of the most popular types of Chinese tea, which has been reported to exhibit anti-obesity, anti-oxidation and antitumor activities in according human cell lines. In terms of tumorigenesis, the systemic study of the physiological effect of specific fraction of dark tea and the relevant molecular mechanism warrant more attention.

Methods: Dark tea was firstly isolated through solvent extraction method. Dissolved ethyl acetate extract was further fractioned by elution with various concentration of ethyl alcohol. The cytotoxicity effect of dark tea on cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 assay in HPDE human normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells, SW1990 and PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, and SW1116 human colorectal cancer cells. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry analysis were utilized to examine the status of protein and reactive oxygen species respectively. Gene expression profile was analyzed by cDNA microarray and real-time PCR. The plasmid for ID1 expression was stably transfected into SW1990 cells for relevant functional analysis. The effect of dark tea extract on tumorigenesis in vivo was studied in xenograft tumor model.

Results: Water eluate fraction of the ethyl acetate extract from dark tea inhibited the growth of SW1990, PANC-1 and SW1116 cells more efficiently compared with that in HPDE cells. Meanwhile, p38 activity was increased and AKT activity was dropped in cancer cells with dark tea extract treatment. Further functional analyses indicated that water eluate fraction and p38 inhibitor treatment exerted a synergic inhibitory effect on cancer cells growth, which was related to their suppressive effect on expression level of ID1 (inhibitor of differentiation protein 1), which was highly expressed in cancer cells. The analysis utilizing xenograft tumor model further indicated water eluate fraction exhibited a significantly inhibitory effect on tumorigenesis.

Conclusion: Based on the sequential extraction procedure, our results reveal the inhibitory effect of water eluate fraction of the ethyl acetate extract from dark tea and its synergistic effect with p38 inhibition on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells, in which ID1 is identified as a downstream effector. This sheds insights into the physiological relevance of specific fraction of dark tea to tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer.

Cloning and expression analysis of PRL and PRLR genes in black Muscovy duck

1. Prolactin hormone (governed by the PRL gene) is secreted by the anterior pituitary of animals, which combines with its receptor (prolactin receptor, PRLR) to act on target cells. Both PRL and PRLR are mainly associated with reproductive performance. The genetic mechanism of nesting in poultry is not yet clear, and so the aim of the current study was to determine expression patterns of PRL and PRLR at different times across the breeding stages of black Muscovy ducks.2. In this study, the CDS regions of PRL and PRLR were determined by RACE sequencing. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in the pituitary, ovary and uterus from the black Muscovy duck were compared and analysed during the pre-laying, laying and nesting periods.3. The results showed that PRL and PRLR are highly homologous in a variety of poultry species. The expression of the PRL gene in the pituitary was the highest, which was significantly higher than seen in the ovary and uterus. This trend ran through the entire prenatal period, i.e. the laying period and the nesting period. The expression level of the PRLR gene in the pituitary and ovary was generally low, and expression in the uterus was the highest. There was no significant difference in expression of the PRLR gene between pituitary and ovary during different periods, but the expression level of the PRLR gene in the uterus reached its highest level during the nesting stage, which was significantly higher than seen in the early laying period.

[The efficacy and safety of tiotropium/olodaterol fixed-dose combination in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pooled subgroup analysis of TONADO 1+2]

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety profiles of tiotropium/olodaterol with the mono-components in Chinese and total study population from TONADO trial. Methods: In the replicate, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, randomized, 52-week, Phase Ⅲ TONADO studies (TONADO 1+2), patients received tiotropium/olodaterol, tiotropium, or olodaterol via the Respimat(®) Inhaler (Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany). Primary end points were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) area under the curve from 0 to 3 hours (AUC(0-3h)) response and trough FEV(1) response, and St George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) total score at 24 weeks. Adverse events were also collected. This subgroup analysis only focused on the efficacy and safety of the drug at the approved dose in China. Results: 548 Chinese patients were randomized, aged 41 to 82 years [mean age, (63±8) years] and most were male (526, 96%), 111 received tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 μg, and 127 received tiotropium 5 μg and 95 received olodaterol 5 μg. The baseline characteristics of these groups were similar. After 24 weeks, treatment with tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 μg, tiotropium 5 μg and olodaterol 5 μg resulted in an adjusted mean FEV(1) AUC(0-3h) response of 0.240, 0.157 and 0.079 L, and trough FEV(1) response of 0.117, 0.068 and-0.001 L, respectively. Tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 μg significantly improved SGRQ scores in Chinese patients compared with olodaterol 5 μg (32.729 and 37.202, respectively). Generally, the safety profile of tiotropium/olodaterol was comparable with mono-components in 52 weeks. Conclusion: Compared with tiotropium or olodaterol, tiotropium/olodaterol in Chinese patients provided significant improvement in lung function and quality of life, and the safety profiles were similar.

[Efficacy and associated factors of olfactory training in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction]

Objective: To explore the clinical effects and the influence factors of olfactory training in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Methods: A total of 86 patients with olfactory dysfunction (49 post-infectious and 37 post-traumatic) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during Dec 2016 to May 2017 were recruited in this prospective study. The clinical data of patients were analyzed, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), course of disease, smoking history, drinking history, diabetes history, hypertension history, hyperlipidemia history, and anxiety visual analogue score (VAS). All patients were treated with olfactory training for 16 weeks, and all of them underwent Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test before and after treatment, which was evaluated by composite threshold-discrimination-identification score (TDI). SPSS 23.0 software, paired t test and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty patients received treatment, including 46 post-infectious olfactory dysfunction and 34 post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction. After olfactory training, the total scores of TDI increased with statistically significant (18.3±8.6 vs 13.6±7.4, t=-6.158, P<0.05). The overall efficacy was 40% (32/80). The effective rate were 45.7% (21/46) in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction and 32.4% (11/34) in post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ(2)=1.441, P=0.230). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease was an influence factor in the clinical curative effect (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.799-0.973, P=0.012). In patients with less than a year of olfactory dysfunction, the olfactory function improved obviously with the efficiency of 50.9% (29/57). Conclusion: Sixteen weeks of olfactory training provides a significant therapeutic effect on the post-infectious and post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction, and the olfactory training can achieve better therapeutic effects at the early stage.

Robust regression for optimal individualized treatment rules

Because different patients may respond quite differently to the same drug or treatment, there is an increasing interest in discovering individualized treatment rules. In particular, there is an emerging need to find optimal individualized treatment rules, which would lead to the "best" clinical outcome. In this paper, we propose a new class of loss functions and estimators based on robust regression to estimate the optimal individualized treatment rules. Compared to existing estimation methods in the literature, the new estimators are novel and advantageous in the following aspects. First, they are robust against skewed, heterogeneous, heavy-tailed errors or outliers in data. Second, they are robust against a misspecification of the baseline function. Third, under some general situations, the new estimator coupled with the pinball loss approximately maximizes the outcome's conditional quantile instead of the conditional mean, which leads to a more robust optimal individualized treatment rule than the traditional mean-based estimators. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established. Their empirical performance is demonstrated via extensive simulation studies and an analysis of an AIDS data set.

The changing landscape of phase II/III metastatic sarcoma clinical trials-analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov

Background

Well-designed clinical trials are of great importance in validating novel treatments and ensuring an evidence-based approach for sarcoma. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive landscape of the characteristics of metastatic or advanced sarcoma clinical trials using the substantial resource of the ClincialTrials.gov database.

Methods

We identified 260,755 trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov in the last 20 years, and 277 of them were eligible for inclusion. The baseline characteristics were ascertained for each trial. The trials were systematically reviewed to validate their classification into 96 trials registered before 2008 and 181 trials registered between 2008 and 2017.

Results

We found that in the last decade, metastatic and advanced sarcoma trials were predominantly phase II-III studies (p = 0.048), were more likely to be ≥2 arms (17.7% vs 35.3%, respectively; p = 0.007), and were more likely to use randomized (13.5% vs 30.4%; p = 0.002) and double-blinded (2.1% vs 9.4%; p = 0.024) assignment than trials registered before 2008. Furthermore, in the last 10-year period, metastatic sarcoma trials were more likely to be conducted in Asia. Treatment involving target therapy and immunotherapy were more common (71.8% vs 37.5%; p < 0.001) than in previous years.

Conclusions

Our data showed provocative changes in the sarcoma landscape and demonstrated that the incidence of clinical trials with target therapy and immunotherapy is increasing. These findings emphasize the desperate need for novel strategies, including target therapy and immunotherapy, to improve the outcomes for patients with advanced sarcoma.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5163-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Low Wall Shear Stress Is Associated with Local Aneurysm Wall Enhancement on High-Resolution MR Vessel Wall Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Some retrospective studies have found that the aneurysm wall enhancement on high-resolution MR vessel wall postgadolinium T1WI has the potential to distinguish unstable aneurysms. This study aimed to identify hemodynamic characteristics that differ between the enhanced and nonenhanced areas of the aneurysm wall on high-resolution MR vessel wall postgadolinium T1WI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

TOF-MRA and high-resolution MR vessel wall T1WI of 25 patients were fused to localize the enhanced area of the aneurysm wall. Using computational fluid dynamics, we studied the aneurysm models. Mean static pressure, mean wall shear stress, and oscillatory shear index were compared between the enhanced and nonenhanced areas.

RESULTS

The aneurysmal enhanced area had lower wall shear stress (P < .05) and a lower oscillatory shear index (P = .021) than the nonenhanced area. In addition, the whole aneurysm had lower wall shear stress (P < .05) and a higher oscillatory shear index (P = .007) than the parent artery.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that there are hemodynamic differences between the enhanced and nonenhanced areas of the aneurysm wall on high-resolution MR vessel wall postgadolinium T1WI.

A genome-wide association study of growth and fatness traits in two pig populations with different genetic backgrounds

Improvement in growth and fatness traits are the main objectives in pig all breeding programs. Tenth rib backfat thickness (10RIBBFT) and days to 100 kg (D100), which are good predictors of carcass lean content and growth rate, respectively, are economically important traits and also main breeding target traits in pigs. To investigate the genetic mechanisms of 10RIBBFT and D100 of pigs, we sampled 1,137 and 888 pigs from 2 Yorkshire populations of American and British origin, respectively, and conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) through combined analysis and meta-analysis, to identify SNPs associated with 10RIBBFT and D100. A total of 11 and 7 significant SNPs were identified by combined analysis for 10RIBBFT and D100, respectively. And in meta-analysis, 8 and 7 significant SNPs were identified for 10RIBBFT and D100, respectively. Among them, 6 and 5 common significant SNPs in two analysis results were, respectively, identified associated with 10RIBBFT and D100, and correspondingly explained 2.09% and 0.52% of the additive genetic variance of 10RIBBFT and D100. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed 10 genes harboring or close to these common significant SNPs, 5 for 10RIBBFT and 5 for D100. In particular, Gene Ontology analysis highlighted 6 genes, PCK1, ANGPTL3, EEF1A2, TNFAIP8L3, PITX2, and PLA2G12, as promising candidate genes relevant with backfat thickness and growth. PCK1, ANGPTL3, EEF1A2, and TNFAIP8L3 could influence backfat thickness through phospholipid transport, regulation of lipid metabolic process through the glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and metabolism pathway, the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins pathway. PITX2 has a crucial role in skeletal muscle tissue development and animal organ morphogenesis, and PLA2G12A plays a role in the lipid catabolic and phospholipid catabolic processes, which both are involved in the body weight pathway. All these candidate genes could directly or indirectly influence fat production and growth in Yorkshire pigs. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic basis of growth and fatness traits in pigs. The candidate genes for D100 and 10RIBBFT are worthy of further investigation.

Theoretical investigation of the strengthening mechanism and precipitation evolution in high strength Al-Zn-Mg alloys

Density-functional theory calculations have been performed to systematically investigate the behaviors of solute atoms in 7000 series Al-Zn-Mg based alloys. It is found that solute atoms Mg and Zn are likely to segregate to the Σ5(210)[001] tilt Al GB. The bonding environment and interface cohesion will be affected to different degrees. Also, for GPI(100) our calculations indicate that a Zn/Mg/Zn sandwich configuration in the Al matrix (100) planes is energetically favorable. However, for GPII(111) the disordered structure turns out to be the most stable one. It mainly results from strong 3d-3s hybridization interactions between Zn and Mg atoms. Furthermore, the properties of the metastable phase η' and the equilibrium phase η have also been addressed. The present study provides valuable insight for developing Al alloys with superior performance.

Cadmium favors F-actin depolymerization in rat renal mesangial cells by site-specific, disulfide-based dimerization of the CAP1 protein

Cadmium is a toxic metal that produces oxidative stress and has been shown to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton in rat renal mesangial cells (RMC). In a survey of proteins that might undergo Cd2+-dependent disulfide crosslinking, we identified the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein, CAP1, as undergoing a dimerization in response to Cd2+ (5-40 µM) that was sensitive to disulfide reducing agents, was reproduced by the disulfide crosslinking agent diamide, and was shown by site-directed mutagenesis to involve the Cys29 residue of the protein. Reactive oxygen species are not involved in the thiol oxidation, and glutathione modulates background levels of dimer. CAP1 is known to enhance cofilin's F-actin severing activity through binding to F-actin and cofilin. F-actin sedimentation and GST-cofilin pulldown studies of CAP1 demonstrated enrichment of the CAP1 dimer's association with cofilin, and in the cofilin-F-actin pellet, suggesting that Cd2+-induced dimer increases the formation of a CAP1-cofilin-F-actin complex. Both siRNA-based silencing of CAP1 and overexpression of a CAP1 mutant lacking Cys29 (and therefore, incapable of dimerization in response to Cd2+) increased RMC viability and provided some protection of F-actin structures against Cd2+. It is concluded that Cd2+ brings about disruption of the RMC cytoskeleton in part through formation of a CAP1 dimer that increases recruitment of cofilin to F-actin filaments.

Genomic prediction for growth and reproduction traits in pig using an admixed reference population

This study investigated the efficiency of genomic prediction using an admixed reference population comprising 3 Yorkshire populations with different genetic backgrounds. In total, 2,084 and 1,388 individuals with growth and reproduction records, respectively, were genotyped with a PorcineSNP80 marker panel. The corrected phenotypic values derived from conventional EBV of each population were taken as response variables. Three approaches, that is, a linear genomic BLUP (GBLUP) model, a Bayesian mixture model (BayesR), and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), were implemented to predict genomic breeding values. Our results indicated that the accuracy of genomic prediction was increased by enlarging the reference population by admixing different populations. However, the improvement was lower than expected, because the relationships among individuals of different populations were not strong enough. Among the 3 approaches, for reproduction and growth traits, ssGBLUP produced 30 to approximately 38% and 23 to 31%, respectively, higher accuracy than GBLUP. And the ssGBLUP produced 28 to approximately 38% and 18 to approximately 31% higher accuracy than BayesR. In addition, ssGBLUP also yielded lower bias. In most situations, BayesR performed comparably to GBLUP for most traits. Our results indicated ssGBLUP using an admixed reference population is also meaningful for national joint genetic evaluation of Chinese pig breeding.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of Longxuetongluo Capsule in high cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis model rats

Chinese dragon's blood, the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis, one of the famous traditional medicines, has been used to promote blood circulation, disperse blood stasis, stop bleeding, relieve pain and muscle regeneration for thousands of years. The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Longxuetongluo Capsule (LTC), which made by total phenolic compounds of Chinese dragon's blood, in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerosis model rats and explore the possible mechanism. Atherosclerosis rats were induced by administration of HCD for 4 weeks and treated with atorvastatin (2.08mg/kg/d) or various concentrations of LTC (81, 162 and 324mg/kg/d) for additional 4 weeks. Body weight (BW), lipid profiles, serum VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, AST and ALT were then tested. Histopathological evaluation of aorta and liver were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. NF-κB expression in aorta was detected by Immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, the inhibition effects of LTC on the migration and proliferation and Intracellular Ca²⁺ levels induced by PDGF-BB were also evaluated in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5). The results demonstrated that LTC produced a significant anti-atherosclerotic activity in terms of reduction in serum lipids and lipoprotein profile, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, AST, ALT levels, and increase in HDL-c level compared to atherosclerotic group. Rats treated with LTC not only attenuated the pathological region and atheroma formation, but also reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed LTC reduced NF-κB expression in aorta. Furthermore, PDGF-BB induced proliferation and migration of A7r5 and intracellular calcium rise were also abrogated by LTC. The results indicate that LTC prevents atherosclerosis and fatty liver by controlling lipid metabolism, the underlying mechanism may attributed to its anti-inflammation activity, regulation of the vascular smooth muscle function and intracellular calcium signaling.

[Long-term outcomes after cataract surgery in infants with congenital cataract]

Objective: To observe the long-term outcomes after congenital cataract surgery performed prior to 36 months of age. Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted. Thirty-two cases (57 eyes) of congenital cataract were included from January 2004 to January 2012. All patients received intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexies and anterior vitrectomy after cataract extraction and were followed up. At the last visit, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined and postoperative complications were evaluated during follow-up with a longest time of 13 years. Non-normal distribution showed in median M (minimum and maximum). Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis single factor variance analysis and multiple comparison. The independent Mann-Witney U test was used to analyze non-normal distribution data. Results: There were thirty-two cases (57 eyes) of congenital cataract including 7 unilateral cases and 25 bilateral cases. The median age at cataract extraction was 6.0months; the median IOL implantation age was 28.0 months and the median duration of follow-up after cataract extraction was 67.0 months. The median postoperative BCVA was (LogMAR) 0.52. Unilateral and bilateral cataract postoperative BCVA difference had no statistical significance (U=107, P>0.05). Patients received cataract surgery in 2 to 4 months, the postoperative BCVA was better than in 5 to 8 months. The difference was statistical significance (H=-15.33, P<0.05). BCVA after IOL implantation before 24 months were significantly better than after 30 months. The difference had statistical significance(H=-20.61,-20.78, P<0.05). Postoperative complications were posterior capsular opacity (5 eyes; 8.77%), glaucoma (2 eyes; 3.51%), strabismus (17 eyes; 29.82%) and nystagmus (30 eyes; 52.63%). Conclusions: Most infantile cataract surgeries performed prior to 36 mouths of life together with the implantation of IOL can achieve good visual acuity. No serious complications occurred. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 266-273).