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Szukiewicz D. Current Insights in Prolactin Signaling and Ovulatory Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1976. [PMID: 38396659 PMCID: PMC10889014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone released from lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland that also originates from extrapituitary sources and plays an important role in regulating lactation in mammals, as well as other actions. Acting in an endocrine and paracrine/autocrine manner, PRL regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, thus influencing the maturation of ovarian follicles and ovulation. This review provides a detailed discussion of the current knowledge on the role of PRL in the context of ovulation and ovulatory disorders, particularly with regard to hyperprolactinemia, which is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Much attention has been given to the PRL structure and the PRL receptor (PRLR), as well as the diverse functions of PRLR signaling under normal and pathological conditions. The hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle in connection with folliculogenesis and ovulation, as well as the current classifications of ovulation disorders, are also described. Finally, the state of knowledge regarding the importance of TIDA (tuberoinfundibular dopamine), KNDγ (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin), and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) neurons in PRL- and kisspeptin (KP)-dependent regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in women is reviewed. Based on this review, a rationale for influencing PRL signaling pathways in therapeutic activities accompanying ovulation disorders is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen Z, Liang H, Yan X, Liang Q, Bai Z, Xie T, Dai J, Zhao X, Xiao Y. Astragalus polysaccharide promotes autophagy and alleviates diabetic nephropathy by targeting the lncRNA Gm41268/PRLR pathway. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2284211. [PMID: 37994436 PMCID: PMC11001349 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2284211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a major bioactive component of the Chinese herb astragalus, with well-established protective effects on the kidney. However, the effect of APS on diabetic nephropathy (DN) is unclear. METHODS Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in kidney samples from control, db/db, and APS-treated db/db mice were evaluated using RNA high-throughput sequencing techniques. Additionally, rat renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells were cultured in high glucose (HG) media. We inhibited the expression of Gm41268 and prolactin receptor (PRLR) by transfecting NRK-52E cells with Gm41268-targeting antisense oligonucleotides and PRLR siRNA. RESULTS We found that APS treatment reduced 24-h urinary protein levels and fasting blood glucose and improved glucose intolerance and pathological renal damage in db/db mice. Furthermore, APS treatment enhanced autophagy and alleviated fibrosis in the db/db mice. We identified a novel lncRNA, Gm41268, which was differentially expressed in the three groups, and the cis-regulatory target gene PRLR. APS treatment induced autophagy by reducing p62 and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein levels and increasing the LC3 II/I ratio. Furthermore, APS alleviated fibrosis by downregulating fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and collagen IV levels. In addition, APS reversed the HG-induced overexpression of Gm41268 and PRLR. Reduction of Gm41268 decreased PRLR expression, restored autophagy, and ameliorated renal fibrosis in vitro. Inhibition of PRLR could enhance the protective effect of APS. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of APS on DN is mediated via the Gm41268/PRLR pathway. This information contributes to the exploration of bioactive constituents in Chinese herbs as potential treatments for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianxin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuer Liang
- Affiliated Dongguan People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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García-Rodrigo JF, Ortiz G, Martínez-Díaz OF, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Ruíz-Herrera X, Macias F, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C. Prolactin Inhibits or Stimulates the Inflammatory Response of Joint Tissues in a Cytokine-dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad156. [PMID: 37864848 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The close association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sex, reproductive state, and stress has long linked prolactin (PRL) to disease progression. PRL has both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory outcomes in RA, but responsible mechanisms are not understood. Here, we show that PRL modifies in an opposite manner the proinflammatory actions of IL-1β and TNF-α in mouse synovial fibroblasts in culture. Both IL-1β and TNF-α upregulated the metabolic activity and the expression of proinflammatory factors (Il1b, Inos, and Il6) via the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. However, IL-1β increased and TNF-α decreased the levels of the long PRL receptor isoform in association with dual actions of PRL on synovial fibroblast inflammatory response. PRL reduced the proinflammatory effect and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β but increased TNF-α-induced inflammation and NF-κB signaling. The double-faceted role of PRL against the 2 cytokines manifested also in vivo. IL-1β or TNF-α with or without PRL were injected into the knee joints of healthy mice, and joint inflammation was monitored after 24 hours. IL-1β and TNF-α increased the joint expression of proinflammatory factors and the infiltration of immune cells. PRL prevented the actions of IL-1β but was either inactive or further increased the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α. We conclude that PRL exerts opposite actions on joint inflammation in males and females that depend on specific proinflammatory cytokines, the level of the PRL receptor, and the activation of NF-κB signaling. Dual actions of PRL may help balance joint inflammation in RA and provide insights for development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro. 76246, México
| | | | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Xarubet Ruíz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - Fernando Macias
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | - María G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro. 76230, México
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Gao Q, Xie W, Lu W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Han Y, Weng Q. Seasonal patterns of prolactin, prolactin receptor, and STAT5 expression in the ovaries of wild ground squirrels (<em>Citellus dauricus</em> Brandt). Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3825. [PMID: 37781865 PMCID: PMC10614723 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone crucial for normal reproduction, functioning as an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factor. This study aimed to examine the immunolocalization and expression patterns of PRL, prolactin receptor (PRLR), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in the ovaries of wild ground squirrels during both breeding and non-breeding periods. Significant seasonal variations were observed in ovarian weights, with higher values during the breeding season and relatively lower values during the nonbreeding season. PRL, PRLR, STAT5, and p-STAT5 were immunolocalized in granulosa cells and luteal cells during the breeding season, whereas they were exclusively found in granulosa cells during the non-breeding season. The mRNA expression levels of Prl, Prlr, and Stat5 were increased in ovarian tissues during the breeding season compared to the non-breeding season. Moreover, the mean mRNA levels of Prl, Prlr, and Stat5 exhibited a positive correlation with ovarian weights. Both circulating PRL and ovarian PRL concentrations were significantly elevated during the breeding season. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of ovarian tissues revealed differentially expressed genes possibly associated with ovarian function and mammary gland development, including ovarian follicle development, steroid synthesis, and regulation of reproductive process. These findings suggest that PRL might play an essential endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine role in the regulation of seasonal changes in the ovarian functions in wild ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Gao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Wenqian Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Yuning Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
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Araujo-Castro M, Marazuela M, Puig-Domingo M, Biagetti B. Prolactin and Growth Hormone Signaling and Interlink Focused on the Mammosomatotroph Paradigm: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14002. [PMID: 37762304 PMCID: PMC10531307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) are peptide hormones that bind to the class 1 cytokine receptor superfamily, a highly conserved cell surface class of receptors. Both hormones control their own secretion via a negative autocrine loop in their own mammosomatotroph, lactotroph or somatotroph. In this regard, GH and PRL are regulated by similar signaling pathways involving cell growth and hormone secretion. Thus, GH and PRL dysregulation and pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) development may have common pathogenic pathways. Based on cell linage, lactotroph and somatotroph PitNETs come from pituitary-specific POU-class homeodomain transcription factor (Pit-1). Mammosomatotroph and plurihormonal PitNETs are a unique subtype of PitNETs that arise from a single-cell population of Pit-1 lineage. In contrast, mixed somatotroph-lactotroph PitNETs are composed of two distinct cell populations: somatotrophs and lactotrophs. Morphologic features that distinguish indolent PitNETs from locally aggressive ones are still unidentified, and no single prognostic parameter can predict tumor aggressiveness or treatment response. In this review, we aim to explore the latest research on lactotroph and somatotroph PitNETs, the molecular mechanisms involved in PRL and GH axis regulation and the signaling pathways involved in their aggressiveness, particularly focused on mammosomatotroph and mixed subtypes. Finally, we summarize epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of these exceptional tumors. We aim to shed light, from basic to clinical settings, on new perspectives and scientific gaps in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Araujo-Castro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Colmenar Viejo Street km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Colmenar Viejo Street km 9, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER GCV14/ER/12), Monforte de Lemos Avenue, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER G747, Monforte de Lemos Avenue, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Betina Biagetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Reference Networks (ERN) and Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Avenue, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Avenida Can Domènech s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Luzardo-Ocampo I, Ocampo-Ruiz AL, Dena-Beltrán JL, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Macotela Y. The Diversity of Gut Microbiota at Weaning Is Altered in Prolactin Receptor-Null Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3447. [PMID: 37571383 PMCID: PMC10420910 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal milk supports offspring development by providing microbiota, macronutrients, micronutrients, immune factors, and hormones. The hormone prolactin (PRL) is an important milk component with protective effects against metabolic diseases. Because maternal milk regulates microbiota composition and adequate microbiota protect against the development of metabolic diseases, we aimed to investigate whether PRL/PRL receptor signaling regulates gut microbiota composition in newborn mice at weaning. 16SrRNA sequencing of feces and bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate gut microbiota in PRL receptor-null mice (Prlr-KO) at weaning (postnatal day 21). The normalized colon and cecal weights were higher and lower, respectively, in the Prlr-KO mice relative to the wild-type mice (Prlr-WT). Relative abundances (Simpson Evenness Index), phylogenetic diversity, and bacterial concentrations were lower in the Prlr-KO mice. Eleven bacteria species out of 470 differed between the Prlr-KO and Prlr-WT mice, with two genera (Anaerotruncus and Lachnospiraceae) related to metabolic disease development being the most common in the Prlr-KO mice. A higher metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was predicted in the Prlr-KO mice compared to the Prlr-WT mice, and these metabolites had antimicrobial properties and were present in microbe-associated pathogenicity. We concluded that the absence of the PRL receptor altered gut microbiota, resulting in lower abundance and richness, which could contribute to metabolic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (I.L.-O.); (A.L.O.-R.); (J.L.D.-B.); (G.M.d.l.E.); (C.C.)
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de Castro Moreira AR, Trarbach E, Bueno CBF, Monteiro ALS, Grande IPP, Padula M, Maciel GAR, Glezer A. PRL-R Variants Are Not Only Associated With Prolactinomas But Also With Dopamine Agonist Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e450-e457. [PMID: 36638053 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Knockout prolactin receptor gene (PRL-R) mice are animal models for prolactinomas and PRL acts via autocrine/paracrine inhibiting lactotroph proliferation. Recently, variants of the PRL-R were identified in prolactinoma patients and their frequency was higher compared to individuals from the genomic database. OBJECTIVE We analyzed PRL-R variants frequency in an extensive cohort of prolactinoma patients and evaluated their association with clinical, laboratorial, and imaging characteristics and hormonal response to cabergoline. DESIGN Observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. SETTING This study took place at the Neuroendocrinology Unit of Clinics Hospital, Medical School of University of São Paulo, Brazil, a tertiary referral center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study participants included adults with sporadic prolactinomas treated with cabergoline, where response to therapy was defined by prolactin normalization with up to 3 mg/week doses. DNA was extracted from blood samples and the PRL-R was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction techniques and automatic sequencing. The association of PRL-R variants with serum prolactin levels, maximal tumor diameter, tumor parasellar invasiveness, and response to cabergoline was analyzed. RESULTS We found 6 PRL-R variants: p.Ile100(76)Val, p.Ile170(146)Leu, p.Glu400(376)Gln/p.Asn516(492)Ile, p.Glu470Asp e p.Ala591Pro; the last 2 are newly described in prolactinomas' patients. The variants p.Glu400(376)Gln/p.Asn516(492)Ile and p.Ala591Pro were more frequent amongst patients compared to genomic databases, and the p.Asn516(492)Ile showed pathogenic potential using in silico analysis as previously described. PRL-R variants were associated with male sex (P = 0.015), higher serum PRL levels (P = 0.007), larger tumors (P = 0.001), and cabergoline resistance (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prolactin/prolactin receptor system seems to be related to prolactinoma tumorigenesis and cabergoline resistance. Additional studies are needed to better understand the PRL-R variants' role and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ramos de Castro Moreira
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ericka Trarbach
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular/LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Anna Louise Stellfeld Monteiro
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Pacetti Pajaro Grande
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular/LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mario Padula
- Department of Radiology, Instituto de Radiologia-INRAD, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Glezer
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular/LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Pogozheva ID, Cherepanov S, Park SJ, Raghavan M, Im W, Lomize AL. Structural modeling of cytokine-receptor-JAK2 signaling complexes using AlphaFold Multimer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.14.544971. [PMID: 37398331 PMCID: PMC10312770 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Homodimeric class 1 cytokine receptors include the erythropoietin (EPOR), thrombopoietin (TPOR), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3R), growth hormone (GHR), and prolactin receptors (PRLR). They are cell-surface single-pass transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation and induce oncogenesis. An active TM signaling complex consists of a receptor homodimer, one or two ligands bound to the receptor extracellular domains and two molecules of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) constitutively associated with the receptor intracellular domains. Although crystal structures of soluble extracellular domains with ligands have been obtained for all the receptors except TPOR, little is known about the structure and dynamics of the complete TM complexes that activate the downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Three-dimensional models of five human receptor complexes with cytokines and JAK2 were generated using AlphaFold Multimer. Given the large size of the complexes (from 3220 to 4074 residues), the modeling required a stepwise assembly from smaller parts with selection and validation of the models through comparisons with published experimental data. The modeling of active and inactive complexes supports a general activation mechanism that involves ligand binding to a monomeric receptor followed by receptor dimerization and rotational movement of the receptor TM α-helices causing proximity, dimerization, and activation of associated JAK2 subunits. The binding mode of two eltrombopag molecules to TM α-helices of the active TPOR dimer was proposed. The models also help elucidating the molecular basis of oncogenic mutations that may involve non-canonical activation route. Models equilibrated in explicit lipids of the plasma membrane are publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D. Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | - Sang-Jun Park
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States
| | - Andrei L. Lomize
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Raut S, Khambata K, Goffin V, Balasinor N. Prolactin regulates testicular gene expression and cell cycle processes predominantly via JAK2/STAT5 pathway in male rat. Endocrinology 2023:7180107. [PMID: 37232379 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia is prevalent in up to 16% of the infertile males. Although prolactin receptor (PRLR) is present on various testicular cells, the physiological role of this receptor in spermatogenesis remains elusive. The aim of this study is to delineate prolactin actions in rat testicular tissue. Serum prolactin, developmental expression of PRLR, signaling pathways associated, and gene transcription regulation in the testes were investigated. Serum prolactin and testicular PRLR expression was found to be significantly increased at pubertal and adult age as compared to pre-pubertal. Further, PRLR activated JAK2/STAT5 pathway, but not MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway in the testicular cells. Gene expression profiling following prolactin treatment in seminiferous tubule culture resulted in a total of 692 differentially expressed genes, of which 405 were up-regulated and 287 were down-regulated. Enrichment map analysis showed that prolactin target genes are involved in processes like cell cycle, male reproduction, chromatin remodelling, and cytoskeletal organization. Novel targets genes of prolactin whose role in testes is unexplored were obtained and validated by qPCR. Additionally, ten genes involved in cell cycle process were also validated; six genes (Ccna1, Ccnb1, Ccnb2, Cdc25a, Cdc27, Plk1) were found to be significantly up-regulated, whereas four genes (Ccar2, Nudc, Tuba1c, Tubb2a) were found to be significantly down-regulated in testes after treatment with prolactin. Taken together, this study suggests a crucial role of prolactin in male reproduction and identified target genes regulated by prolactin in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanketa Raut
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Kushaan Khambata
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nafisa Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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Yao D, Lu Y, Li L, Wang S, Mu Y, Ding C, Zhao J, Liu M, Xu M, Wu H, Dou C, Zhu Z, Li H. Prolactin and glucocorticoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex are associated with anxiety-like behavior in prenatally stressed adolescent offspring rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13231. [PMID: 36683309 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PS) causes anxiety in mothers and their offspring and chewing is a commonly observed behavior during maternal stress. Prolactin (PRL) is an anti-anxiety factor that suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Here, we studied the roles of PRL, corticosterone (CORT), and their receptors in PS-induced anxiety-like behavior in dams and their offspring. We further investigated whether chewing during maternal stress could prevent PS-induced harmful consequences. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into PS, PS + chewing, and control groups. Anxiety-like behaviors of dams and their adolescent offspring were assessed using the open field test and elevated plus maze. Serum levels of PRL and CORT were measured by ELISA. Expression of mRNA and protein of PRLR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared to the control rats, dams and their female offspring, but not male offspring, in the PS group showed increased anxiety-like behaviors. The PS-affected rats had a lower serum PRL level and increased PRLR expression in the PFC. In contrast, these rats had a higher serum CORT level and decreased GR expression in the PFC. Chewing ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors and counteracted stress-induced changes in serum PRL and CORT, as well as the expression of their receptors in the PFC. Conclusion: PS-induced anxiety-like behavior is associated with changes in the serum levels of PRL and CORT and expression of their receptors in the PFC. Moreover, chewing blunts the hormonal and receptor changes and may serve as an effective stress-coping method for preventing PS-induced anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Mu
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Ding
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- Central Laboratory, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Meina Xu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyue Wu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengyin Dou
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Maternal and Infant Health Research Institute, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Swart JM, Grattan DR, Ladyman SR, Brown RSE. Pups and prolactin are rewarding to virgin female and pregnant mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2022:e13232. [PMID: 36691950 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal interactions with offspring are highly rewarding, which reinforces expression of essential caregiving behaviours that promote offspring survival. In rats, the rewarding effect of pups depends on reproductive state, with lactating females specifically developing strong preferences for pup-associated contexts. Whether this also occurs in mice is unknown, hence we aimed to characterise pup-related preference across reproductive states in female mice. In a conditioned place preference (CPP) test, pups were a rewarding stimulus to female mice prior to lactation, with virgin and pregnant females developing a preference for a pup-associated context. We have previously shown that lactogenic hormones, acting through the prolactin receptor (Prlr), play an important role in maternal motivation. Here, we aimed to investigate whether Prlr action is important for pup-related reward behaviour in mice. We showed that prolactin itself had a reinforcing effect in a CPP test, and that exposure to pups increased blood prolactin levels in virgin female mice. Prlr expression in CamKIIα-expressing neurons and GABAergic neurons has previously been shown to be important for different aspects of parental behaviour. However, we found that conditional Prlr deletion from either of these neuronal populations did not disrupt the development of a preference for pup-associated contexts in pregnant female mice, indicating that lactogenic action on these populations is not necessary for the rewarding effect of pups. Together, these data show that while lactogenic hormones likely contribute to a rewarding effect of pups, their action on two key neuronal populations is not necessary for this effect in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Swart
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Smiley KO, Brown RSE, Grattan DR. Prolactin Action Is Necessary for Parental Behavior in Male Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8308-8327. [PMID: 36163141 PMCID: PMC9653282 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0558-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental care is critical for successful reproduction in mammals. Recent work has implicated the hormone prolactin in regulating male parental behavior, similar to its established role in females. Male laboratory mice show a mating-induced suppression of infanticide (normally observed in virgins) and onset of paternal behavior 2 weeks after mating. Using this model, we sought to investigate how prolactin acts in the forebrain to regulate paternal behavior. First, using c-fos immunoreactivity in prolactin receptor (Prlr) Prlr-IRES-Cre-tdtomato reporter mouse sires, we show that the circuitry activated during paternal interactions contains prolactin-responsive neurons in multiple sites, including the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdala. Next, we deleted Prlr from three prominent cell types found in these regions: glutamatergic, GABAergic, and CaMKIIα. Prlr deletion from CaMKIIα, but not glutamatergic or GABAergic cells, had a profound effect on paternal behavior as none of these KO males completed the pup-retrieval task. Prolactin was increased during mating, but not in response to pups, suggesting that the mating-induced secretion of prolactin is important for establishing the switch from infanticidal to paternal behavior. Pharmacological blockade of prolactin secretion at mating, however, had no effect on paternal behavior. In contrast, suppressing prolactin secretion at the time of pup exposure resulted in failure to retrieve pups, with exogenous prolactin administration rescuing this behavior. Together, our data show that paternal behavior in sires is dependent on basal levels of circulating prolactin acting at the time of interaction with pups, mediated through Prlr on CaMKIIα-expressing neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parental care is critical for offspring survival. Compared with maternal care, however, the neurobiology of paternal care is less well understood. Here we show that the hormone prolactin, which is most well known for its female-specific role in lactation, has a role in the male brain to promote paternal behavior. In the absence of prolactin signaling specifically during interactions with pups, father mice fail to show normal retrieval behavior of pups. These data demonstrate that prolactin has a similar action in both males and females to promote parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O Smiley
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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13
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Sosa F, Carmickle AT, Oliveira LJ, Sagheer M, Saleem M, Yu FH, Altman MD, Dikmen S, Denicol AC, Sonstegard TS, Larson CC, Hansen PJ. Effects of the bovine SLICK1 mutation in PRLR on sweat gland area, FOXA1 abundance, and global gene expression in skin. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9206-9215. [PMID: 36085108 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The SLICK1 mutation in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) results in a short-hair coat and increased ability to regulate body temperature during heat stress. It is unclear whether the mutation affects capacity for sweating. The objective of this observational study was to evaluate whether the SLICK1 mutation in PRLR alters characteristics of skin related to sweat gland abundance or function. Skin biopsies from 31 Holstein heifers, including 14 wild-type (SL-/-) and 17 heterozygous slick (SL+/-), were subjected to histological analysis to determine the percent of the surface area of skin sections that are occupied by sweat glands. We detected no effect of genotype on this variable. Immunohistochemical analysis of the forkhead transcription factor A1 (FOXA1), a protein essential for sweating in mice, from 6 SL-/- and 6 SL+/- heifers indicated twice as much FOXA1 in sweat glandular epithelia of SL+/- heifers as in SL-/- heifers. Results from RNA sequencing of skin biopsies from 5 SL-/- and 7 SL+/- heifers revealed few genes that were differentially expressed and none that have been associated with sweat gland development or function. In conclusion, results do not support the idea that the SLICK1 mutation changes the abundance of sweat glands in skin, but do show that functional properties of sweat glands, as indicated by increased abundance of immunoreactive FOXA1, are modified by inheritance of the mutation in PRLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - A T Carmickle
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616
| | - L J Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
| | - M Sagheer
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910
| | - M Saleem
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - F H Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - M D Altman
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616
| | - S Dikmen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, University of Uludag, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - A C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis 95616
| | | | - C C Larson
- Okeechobee County Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Okeechobee 34972
| | - P J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0910.
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14
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Ji M, Chen D, Zhao X, Huang F, Guan X, Wen X, Wang J, Shao J, Xie J, Shan D, Cao S, Chen C, Chen H. Isolation of leydig cells from adult rat testes by magnetic-activated cell sorting protocol based on prolactin receptor expression. Andrology 2022; 10:1197-1207. [PMID: 35735181 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary function of testicular Leydig cells (LCs) is to produce testosterone (T). In vitro culture of the cells represents a very important approach to study androgen production and its regulations. Various methods have been developed for the enrichment of the cells from the testes. However, getting cells in large numbers with high purity and viability is still challenging. Here we describe a new way to isolate LCs from rat testes in large quantity with high purity and viability. METHODS Enzymatic digested testicular cells from adult rats were labelled with prolactin receptor (PRLR) antibody. The positive cells were isolated by Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) protocol. Purified LCs were tested in vitro for their steroidogenic (T production) and no-steroidogenic (25-OH-vitamin D production and Insl3 and Cyp2r1expressions) functions in the presence of LH for up to 24 hours. RESULTS Reanalysis of scRNA-seq data indicates that Prlr expression is highly specific in LCs of adult rat testis. MACS procedure based on PRLR expression was able to isolate LCs with very high yield (about 106 cells/testis), high purity (about 95%) and viability (>93%). Purified LCs retained high steroidogenic and no-steroidogenic functions in responding to maximal LH stimulations, with more than 10-fold increases in T production in 3 hours and 42% and 103% increases in Insl3 and Cyp2r1 expressions in 24 hours. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We have established an excellent way to purify high quality LCs from adult rat testis that can serve as an useful tool to study the physiology, pharmacology and toxicology of the cells in vitro. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xingyi Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fu Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoju Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiexia Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiajia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shuyan Cao
- The Basic Medical Research Center of the Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Congde Chen
- Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou City, Department of Pediatric Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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15
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Silawal S, Wagner M, Roth D, Bertsch T, Schwarz S, Willauschus M, Gesslein M, Triebel J, Schulze-Tanzil G. Complement Proteins C5/C5a, Cathepsin D and Prolactin in Chondrocytes: A Possible Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis. Cells 2022; 11:1134. [PMID: 35406699 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Both increased activity of the complement system (CS) and the role of the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) are implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Besides, Cathepsin D (CatD) activity is increased in the context of OA and can exert not only proteolytic but also non-proteolytic effects on cells. For the first time, possible crosstalk between two separate humoral systems: the CS and the PRL hormone systems in chondrocytes are examined together. Methods: Primary human articular chondrocytes (hAC) were stimulated with complement protein C5 (10 µg /mL), PRL (25 ng/mL), CatD (100 ng/mL), or anaphylatoxin C5a (25 ng/mL) for 24 h or 72 h, while unstimulated cells served as controls. In addition, co-stimulations of C5 or PRL with CatD were carried out under the same conditions. The influence of the stimulants on cell viability, cell proliferation, and metabolic activity of hAC, the chondrosarcoma cell line OUMS-27, and endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord vein (HUVEC) was investigated. Gene expression analysis of C5a receptor (C5aR1), C5, complement regulatory protein CD59, PRL, PRL receptor (PRLR), CatD, and matrix metal-loproteinases (MMP)-13 were performed using real-time PCR. Also, collagen type (Col) I, Col II, C5aR1, CD59, and PRL were detected on protein level using immunofluorescence labeling. Results: The stimulation of the hAC showed no significant impairment of the cell viability. C5, C5a, and PRL induced cell growth in OUMS-27 and HUVEC, but not in chondrocytes. CatD, as well as C5, significantly reduced the gene expression of CatD, C5aR1, C5, and CD59. PRLR gene expression was likewise impaired by C5, C5a, and PRL+CatD stimulation. On the protein level, CatD, as well as C5a, decreased Col II as well as C5aR1 synthesis. Conclusions: The significant suppression of the C5 gene expression under the influence of PRL+CatD and that of CD59 via PRL+/−CatD and conversely a suppression of the PRLR gene expression via C5 alone or C5a stimulation indicates an interrelation between the two mentioned systems. In addition, CatD and C5, in contrast to PRL, directly mediate possible negative feedback of their own gene expression.
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16
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Abstract
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone associated with an extensive variety of biological functions. Among the roles of prolactin in vertebrates, some were preserved throughout evolution. This is the case of its function in the brain, where prolactin receptors, are expressed in different structures of the central nervous system. In the brain, prolactin actions are principally associated with reproduction and parental behavior, and involves the modulation of adult neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity, especially during pregnancy, thereby preparing the brain to parenthood. Prolactin is mainly produced by specialized cells in the anterior pituitary gland. However, during vertebrate evolution many other extrapituitary tissues do also produce prolactin, like the immune system, endothelial cells, reproductive structures and in several regions of the brain. This review summarizes the relevance of prolactin for brain function, the sources of prolactin in the central nervous system, as well as its local production and secretion. A highlight on the impact of prolactin in human neurological diseases is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; C4-UBI -Cloud Computing Competence Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; C4-UBI -Cloud Computing Competence Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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17
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Georgescu T, Swart JM, Grattan DR, Brown RSE. The Prolactin Family of Hormones as Regulators of Maternal Mood and Behavior. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:767467. [PMID: 34927138 PMCID: PMC8673487 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.767467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition into motherhood involves profound physiological and behavioral adaptations that ensure the healthy development of offspring while maintaining maternal health. Dynamic fluctuations in key hormones during pregnancy and lactation induce these maternal adaptations by acting on neural circuits in the brain. Amongst these hormonal changes, lactogenic hormones (e.g., prolactin and its pregnancy-specific homolog, placental lactogen) are important regulators of these processes, and their receptors are located in key brain regions controlling emotional behaviors and maternal responses. With pregnancy and lactation also being associated with a marked elevation in the risk of developing mood disorders, it is important to understand how hormones are normally regulating mood and behavior during this time. It seems likely that pathological changes in mood could result from aberrant expression of these hormone-induced behavioral responses. Maternal mental health problems during pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a major barrier in developing healthy mother-infant interactions which are crucial for the child's development. In this review, we will examine the role lactogenic hormones play in driving a range of specific maternal behaviors, including motivation, protectiveness, and mother-pup interactions. Understanding how these hormones collectively act in a mother's brain to promote nurturing behaviors toward offspring will ultimately assist in treatment development and contribute to safeguarding a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Georgescu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Judith M. Swart
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R. Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S. E. Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Abstract
Migraine is an incapacitating neurological disorder that predominantly affects women. Sex and other hormones (e.g., oxytocin, and prolactin) may play a role in sexual dimorphic features of migraine. Initially, prolactin was recognized for its modulatory action in milk production and secretion; later, its roles in the regulation of the endocrine, immune and nervous systems were discovered. Higher prolactin levels in individuals with migraine were found in earlier studies, with a female sex-dominant trend. Studies that are more recent have identified that the expression of prolactin receptor in response to neuronal excitability and stress depends on sex with a dominant role in females. These findings have opened up potentials for explanation of sex-related pathophysiology of migraine, but have left some unanswered questions. This focused review examines the past and present of the link between prolactin and migraine, and presents open questions and directions for future experimental and clinical efforts. Sex hormones (e.g., estrogen and progesterone) have been investigated to explain the sex-related manifestation of migraine, which is predominant in females. Prolactin is known for promoting lactation, but accumulating evidence supports that it can promote pain in females. An increasing number of studies have shown that the expression of a prolactin receptor in female nociceptors and their responses to external stimuli such as stress are different, which can help explain the female sex-dominant feature of migraine. In this focused review, the current knowledge is presented and the directions where prolactin research in migraine may evolve are proposed. The ultimate goal is to shape an overview toward considering sex-based treatments for migraine with highlighting the role of prolactin.
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19
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Li Y, Kong X, Xuan L, Wang Z, Huang YH. Prolactin and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: The next potential hope for breast cancer treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10327-10348. [PMID: 34651424 PMCID: PMC8581311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a hormone‐dependent tumour, generally includes four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple‐negative) based on oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Multiple hormones in the body regulate the development of breast cancer. Endocrine therapy is one of the primary treatments for hormone‐receptor‐positive breast cancer, but endocrine resistance is the primary clinical cause of treatment failure. Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, mainly promoting mammary gland growth, stimulating and maintaining lactation. Previous studies suggest that high PRL levels can increase the risk of invasive breast cancer in women. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues are elevated in most ER+ and ER− tumours. PRL activates downstream signalling pathways and affects endocrine therapy resistance by combining with prolactin receptor (PRLR). In this review, we illustrated and summarized the correlations between endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer and PRL, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical practices. The study on PRL and its receptor would help explore reversing endocrine therapy‐resistance for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Xuan
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Ikegami D, Navratilova E, Yue X, Moutal A, Kopruszinski CM, Khanna R, Patwardhan A, Dodick DW, Porreca F. A prolactin-dependent sexually dimorphic mechanism of migraine chronification. Cephalalgia 2021; 42:197-208. [PMID: 34510920 DOI: 10.1177/03331024211039813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determination of possible sex differences in mechanisms promoting migraine progression and the contribution of prolactin and the prolactin long (PRLR-L) and short (PRLR-S) receptor isoforms. BACKGROUND The majority of patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache are female. Prolactin is present at higher levels in women and increases migraine. Prolactin signaling at the PRLR-S selectively sensitizes nociceptors in female rodents, while expression of the PRLR-L is protective. METHODS Medication overuse headache was modeled by repeated sumatriptan administration in male and female mice. Periorbital and hindpaw cutaneous allodynia served as a surrogate of migraine-like pain. PRLR-L and PRLR-S isoforms were measured in the trigeminal ganglion with western blotting. Possible co-localization of PRLR with serotonin 5HT1B and 5HT1D receptors was determined with RNAscope. Cabergoline, a dopamine receptor agonist that inhibits circulating prolactin, was co-administered with sumatriptan. Nasal administration of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid was used to edit expression of both PRLR isoforms. RESULTS PRLR was co-localized with 5HT1B or 5HT1D receptors in the ophthalmic region of female trigeminal ganglion. A single injection of sumatriptan increased serum PRL levels in female mice. Repeated sumatriptan promoted cutaneous allodynia in both sexes but down-regulated trigeminal ganglion PRLR-L, without altering PRLR-S, only in females. Co-administration of sumatriptan with cabergoline prevented allodynia and down-regulation of PRLR-L only in females. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of both PRLR isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion prevented sumatriptan-induced periorbital allodynia in females. INTERPRETATION We identified a sexually dimorphic mechanism of migraine chronification that involves down-regulation of PRLR-L and increased signaling of circulating prolactin at PRLR-S. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized neuroendocrine mechanism linking the hypothalamus to nociceptor sensitization that increases the risk of migraine pain in females and suggest opportunities for novel sex-specific therapies including gene editing through nasal delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Ikegami
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Xu Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - David W Dodick
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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21
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Giraldi L, Lauridsen EK, Maier AD, Hansen JV, Broholm H, Fugleholm K, Scheie D, Munch TN. Pathologic Characteristics of Pregnancy-Related Meningiomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153879. [PMID: 34359779 PMCID: PMC8345640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Meningiomas are usually benign and slow growing. Treatment is surgical resection in the case of symptomatic growth. Dramatic growth can occur during pregnancy, complicating clinical management and entailing a risk to the well-being of the mother and fetus. Authors of a previous review paper raised the hypothesis that prolactin may be a key contributor to the sudden growth seen in pregnancy-related meningiomas. We set out to investigate the presence of prolactin receptors/prolactin, as well as other female hormones and histopathological characteristics of pregnancy-related meningiomas in Denmark, compared to meningiomas from female controls within the same age group. No differences in hormone receptor distribution were found between the groups and very few meningiomas expressed prolactin receptors, which contradicts the above-mentioned hypothesis. Interestingly, we observed above cut-point proliferative indices of the meningiomas for the entire study population of females in the reproductive age. Abstract Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor. During pregnancy, explosive growth of a known meningioma occasionally occurs, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. Prolactin has been suggested as a possible key contributor to pregnancy-related meningioma growth. This study sets out to investigate prolactin and prolactin receptor status in 29 patients with pregnancy-related meningiomas in Denmark, from January 1972 to December 2016, as compared to 68 controls aged 20–45 years, also undergoing resection of a meningioma. Furthermore, we investigated potential differences in the progesterone and estrogen receptor statuses, WHO grade, Ki-67 labeling indices, and locations of the resected meningiomas between the cases and controls. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and histopathology and intracranial location were assessed with the investigator blinded for the case–control status. None of the samples stained positive for prolactin and very few samples stained positive for prolactin receptors, equally distributed among cases and controls. Estrogen and progesterone receptors generally followed the same distributional pattern between groups, whereas above cut-point Ki-67 labeling indices for both groups were observed. In conclusion, our results did not support the notion of prolactin as a key contributor to pregnancy-related meningioma growth. Rather, the similarities between the cases and controls suggest that meningiomas early in life may comprise a distinct biological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giraldi
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.G.); (J.V.H.)
| | - Emma Kofoed Lauridsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.K.L.); (A.D.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.K.L.); (A.D.M.); (K.F.)
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Jørgen Vinsløv Hansen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.G.); (J.V.H.)
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Kåre Fugleholm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.K.L.); (A.D.M.); (K.F.)
| | - David Scheie
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Tina Nørgaard Munch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.G.); (J.V.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.K.L.); (A.D.M.); (K.F.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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22
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El-Magd MA, Fathy A, Kahilo KA, Saleh AA, El Sheikh AI, AL-Shami S, El-Komy SM. Polymorphisms of the PRLR Gene and Their Association with Milk Production Traits in Egyptian Buffaloes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051237. [PMID: 33923003 PMCID: PMC8146870 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The two non-synonymous g.11685G>A and g.11773T>C SNPs of PRLR(L2) were significantly associated with milk yield, fat%, and protein%, and mRNA and protein levels of PRL and PRLR in milk somatic cells. GT-animals had the best milk performance; however, AC-animals had inferior milk production. Thus, the selection of buffaloes with GT haplotypes may enhance milk performance in Egyptian buffaloes. Abstract Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) were considered as potential genetic markers for milk production and quality traits in cattle. However, little information is available regarding PRLR genetic diversity and association studies with milk traits in Egyptian water buffaloes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to search for mutations in PRLR and determine their associations with milk performance in these animals. Exon3 (E3) and E10 of PRLR were screened for polymorphisms using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing in 400 buffaloes. The associations between haplotypes and milk production (fat%, protein%, lactose%, and solid%) traits as well as mRNA and protein levels of PRL and PRLR were studied. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in E10 were detected: g.11685G>A (p.Ala494Thr) and g.11773T>C (p.Val523Aal). The G and T alleles were wild (ancestral) alleles, while the A and C alleles were mutant alleles. These SNPs resulted in four haplotypes; AC, AT, GC, and GT. Buffaloes with wild GT haplotypes showed significantly higher milk yield, fat% and protein%, mRNA and protein levels of PRL and PRLR in milk somatic cells than other animals. Animals carrying mutant AC haplotype had inferior milk traits and lowest levels of associated mRNAs and proteins. With these results, we could conclude that the selection of buffaloes with wild GT haplotypes for g.11685G>A and g.11773T>C SNPs of the PRLR gene might improve the milk production traits of Egyptian water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Aziza Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.F.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Khaled A. Kahilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.F.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Ayman A. Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Genetics & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed I. El Sheikh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahssa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.E.S.); (S.A.-S.)
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Salah AL-Shami
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahssa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.E.S.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Shymaa M. El-Komy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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23
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Flores-Fernández R, Aponte-López A, Suárez-Arriaga MC, Gorocica-Rosete P, Pizaña-Venegas A, Chávez-Sanchéz L, Blanco-Favela F, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Chávez-Rueda AK. Prolactin Rescues Immature B Cells from Apoptosis-Induced BCR-Aggregation through STAT3, Bcl2a1a, Bcl2l2, and Birc5 in Lupus-Prone MRL/lpr Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020316. [PMID: 33557010 PMCID: PMC7913714 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reactive immature B cells are eliminated through apoptosis by tolerance mechanisms, failing to eliminate these cells results in autoimmune diseases. Prolactin is known to rescue immature B cells from B cell receptor engagement-induced apoptosis in lupus-prone mice. The objective of this study was to characterize in vitro prolactin signaling in immature B cells, using sorting, PCR array, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that all B cell maturation stages in bone marrow express the prolactin receptor long isoform, in both wild-type and MRL/lpr mice, but its expression increased only in the immature B cells of the latter, particularly at the onset of lupus. In these cells, activation of the prolactin receptor promoted STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulation of the antiapoptotic Bcl2a1a, Bcl2l2, and Birc5 genes. STAT3 binding to the promoter region of these genes was confirmed through chromatin immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, inhibitors of prolactin signaling and STAT3 activation abolished the prolactin rescue of self-engaged MRL/lpr immature B cells. These results support a mechanism in which prolactin participates in the emergence of lupus through the rescue of self-reactive immature B cell clones from central tolerance clonal deletion through the activation of STAT3 and transcriptional regulation of a complex network of genes related to apoptosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Flores-Fernández
- UIM en Inmunologia, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SIGLO XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.F.-F.); (L.C.-S.); (F.B.-F.)
| | - Angélica Aponte-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.A.-L.); (M.C.S.-A.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mayra C. Suárez-Arriaga
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.A.-L.); (M.C.S.-A.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica-Rosete
- Departamento de Investigación en Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosió Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Pizaña-Venegas
- Unidad de Investigación y Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosió Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Luis Chávez-Sanchéz
- UIM en Inmunologia, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SIGLO XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.F.-F.); (L.C.-S.); (F.B.-F.)
| | - Francico Blanco-Favela
- UIM en Inmunologia, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SIGLO XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.F.-F.); (L.C.-S.); (F.B.-F.)
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (A.A.-L.); (M.C.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: or (E.M.F.-P.); or (A.K.C.-R.); Tel.: +52-5544349663 (E.M.F.-P.); +52-555627694 (A.K.C.-R.)
| | - Adriana K. Chávez-Rueda
- UIM en Inmunologia, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN SIGLO XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.F.-F.); (L.C.-S.); (F.B.-F.)
- Correspondence: or (E.M.F.-P.); or (A.K.C.-R.); Tel.: +52-5544349663 (E.M.F.-P.); +52-555627694 (A.K.C.-R.)
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24
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Khant Aung Z, Kokay IC, Grattan DR, Ladyman SR. Prolactin-Induced Adaptation in Glucose Homeostasis in Mouse Pregnancy Is Mediated by the Pancreas and Not in the Forebrain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:765976. [PMID: 34867810 PMCID: PMC8632874 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.765976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive changes in glucose homeostasis during pregnancy require proliferation of insulin-secreting beta-cells in the pancreas, together with increased sensitivity for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Increased concentrations of maternal prolactin/placental lactogen contribute to these changes, but the site of action remains uncertain. Use of Cre-lox technology has generated pancreas-specific prolactin receptor (Prlr) knockouts that demonstrate the development of a gestational diabetic like state. However, many Cre-lines for the pancreas also express Cre in the hypothalamus and prolactin could act centrally to modulate glucose homeostasis. The aim of the current study was to examine the relative contribution of prolactin action in the pancreas and brain to these pregnancy-induced adaptations in glucose regulation. Deletion of prolactin receptor (Prlr) from the pancreas using Pdx-cre or Rip-cre led to impaired glucose tolerance and increased non-fasting blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Prlrlox/lox /Pdx-Cre mice also had impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and attenuated pregnancy-induced increase in beta-cell fraction. Varying degrees of Prlr recombination in the hypothalamus with these Cre lines left open the possibility that central actions of prolactin could contribute to the pregnancy-induced changes in glucose homeostasis. Targeted deletion of Prlr specifically from the forebrain, including areas of expression induced by Pdx-Cre and Rip-cre, had no effect on pregnancy-induced adaptations in glucose homeostasis. These data emphasize the pancreas as the direct target of prolactin/placental lactogen action in driving adaptive changes in glucose homeostasis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Khant Aung
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ilona C. Kokay
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R. Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R. Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Sharon R. Ladyman,
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25
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Ramírez-de-Arellano A, Villegas-Pineda JC, Hernández-Silva CD, Pereira-Suárez AL. The Relevant Participation of Prolactin in the Genesis and Progression of Gynecological Cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:747810. [PMID: 34745013 PMCID: PMC8566755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.747810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and multiple non-pituitary sites, vital in several physiological processes such as lactation, pregnancy, cell growth, and differentiation. However, PRL is nowadays known to have a strong implication in oncogenic processes, making it essential to delve into the mechanisms governing these actions. PRL and its receptor (PRLR) activate a series of effects such as survival, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to treatment, being highly relevant in developing certain types of cancer. Because women produce high levels of PRL, its influence in gynecological cancers is herein reviewed. It is interesting that, other than the 23 kDa PRL, whose mechanism of action is endocrine, other variants of PRL have been observed to be produced by tumoral tissue, acting in a paracrine/autocrine manner. Because many components, including PRL, surround the microenvironment, it is interesting to understand the hormone's modulation in cancer cells. This work aims to review the most important findings regarding the PRL/PRLR axis in cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers and its molecular mechanisms to support carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Julio César Villegas-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Christian David Hernández-Silva
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez,
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26
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Ramos-Martinez E, Ramos-Martínez I, Molina-Salinas G, Zepeda-Ruiz WA, Cerbon M. The role of prolactin in central nervous system inflammation. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:323-340. [PMID: 33661585 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin has been shown to favor both the activation and suppression of the microglia and astrocytes, as well as the release of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Prolactin has also been associated with neuronal damage in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and in experimental models of these diseases. However, studies show that prolactin has neuroprotective effects in conditions of neuronal damage and inflammation and may be used as neuroprotector factor. In this review, we first discuss general information about prolactin, then we summarize recent findings of prolactin function in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes and factors involved in the possible dual role of prolactin are described. Finally, we review the function of prolactin specifically in the central nervous system and how it promotes a neuroprotective effect, or that of neuronal damage, particularly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and during excitotoxicity. The overall studies indicated that prolactin may be a promising molecule for the treatment of some neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos-Martinez
- Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca68120, Mexico
- Instituto de Cómputo Aplicado en Ciencias, Oaxaca68000, Mexico
| | - Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010Créteil, France
| | - Gladys Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Wendy A Zepeda-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbon
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
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27
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Menendez JA, Peirce SK, Papadimitropoulou A, Cuyàs E, Steen TV, Verdura S, Vellon L, Chen WY, Lupu R. Progesterone receptor isoform-dependent cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24671-24692. [PMID: 33335078 PMCID: PMC7803566 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms can drive unique phenotypes in luminal breast cancer (BC). Here, we hypothesized that PR-B and PR-A isoforms differentially modify the cross-talk between prolactin and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in BC. We profiled the responsiveness of the FASN gene promoter to prolactin in T47Dco BC cells constitutively expressing PR-A and PR-B, in the PR-null variant T47D-Y cell line, and in PR-null T47D-Y cells engineered to stably re-express PR-A (T47D-YA) or PR-B (T47D-YB). The capacity of prolactin to up-regulate FASN gene promoter activity in T47Dco cells was lost in T47D-Y and TD47-YA cells. Constitutively up-regulated FASN gene expression in T47-YB cells and its further stimulation by prolactin were both suppressed by the prolactin receptor antagonist hPRL-G129R. The ability of the FASN inhibitor C75 to decrease prolactin secretion was more conspicuous in T47-YB cells. In T47D-Y cells, which secreted notably less prolactin and downregulated prolactin receptor expression relative to T47Dco cells, FASN blockade resulted in an augmented secretion of prolactin and up-regulation of prolactin receptor expression. Our data reveal unforeseen PR-B isoform-specific regulatory actions in the cross-talk between prolactin and FASN signaling in BC. These findings might provide new PR-B/FASN-centered predictive and therapeutic modalities in luminal intrinsic BC subtypes.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives
- 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Databases, Genetic
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Prolactin/metabolism
- Prolactin/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Cross-Talk
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Prolactin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prolactin/genetics
- Receptors, Prolactin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Luciano Vellon
- Stem Cells Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wen Y. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Greenville, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Chen X, Wu D, Zheng Y, Liu X, Wang J. Preparation of a Growth Hormone Receptor/ Prolactin Receptor Bispecific Antibody Antagonist Which Exhibited Anti-Cancer Activity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598423. [PMID: 33362552 PMCID: PMC7759028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) are closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer, and breast cancer cell endogenously express GHR, PRLR and GHR-PRLR heterodimer. In this case, the combined use of PRLR or GHR inhibitors may produce better anti-breast cancer potential than PRLR or GHR inhibitors alone. In this case, it is necessary to develop the dual-function GHR/PRLR antagonists with anti-breast cancer potential. For this, we used hybridoma technology to generate an anti-idiotypic antibody (termed H53). We then used various techniques, including competitive ELISA, competitive receptor binding analysis, and indirect immunofluorescence assay to identify H53, and the results show that H53 behaves as a typical internal image anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab2β). Further experiments indicate that H53 is a dual-function inhibitor, which not only inhibited PRLR-mediated intracellular signaling, but also blocked GHR-mediated intracellular signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, H53 could inhibit PRL/GH-driven cancer cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. This study indicates that H53 exhibits potential biological activity against breast tumors, which implies that internal image anti-idiotypic antibodies may be a useful strategy for the development of PRLR/GHR dual-function antagonists for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianmeng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xiao Z, Liang J, Deng Q, Song C, Yang X, Liu Z, Shao Z, Zhang K, Wang X, Li Z. Pimozide augments bromocriptine lethality in prolactinoma cells and in a xenograft model via the STAT5/cyclin D1 and STAT5/Bcl‑xL signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:113-124. [PMID: 33155660 PMCID: PMC7723514 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As hyperprolactinemia is observed in patients with bromocriptine‑resistant prolactinoma, prolactin (PRL) has been implicated in the development of bromocriptine resistance. Since PRL primarily mediates cell survival and drug resistance via the Janus kinase‑2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5) signaling pathway, the STAT5 inhibitor, pimozide, may inhibit cell proliferation and reverse bromocriptine resistance in prolactinoma cells. In the present study, compared with bromocriptine or pimozide alone, the combination of pimozide and bromocriptine exerted enhanced reduction in cell growth and proliferation, and increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in bromocriptine‑resistant prolactinoma cells. A reduction in phospho‑STAT5, cyclin D1 and B‑cell lymphoma extra‑large (Bcl‑xL) expression levels were observed in cells treated with the combination of drugs. In addition, pimozide suppressed spheroid formation of human pituitary adenoma stem‑like cells, and reduced the protein expression of the cancer stem cell markers, CD133 and nestin. Pimozide did not exert any additional antitumor activity in STAT5‑knockdown primary culture cells of human bromocriptine‑resistant prolactinomas. Furthermore, Pimozide combined with bromocriptine treatment significantly reduced human prolactinoma xenograft growth. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses also demonstrated significant inhibition of cell proliferation and stem cell marker proteins in vivo. Collectively, these data indicated that pimozide treatment reduced prolactinoma growth by targeting both proliferating cells and stem cells, at least in part, by inhibiting the STAT5/Bcl‑xL and STAT5/cyclin D1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Zebin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 210011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Urology, Carson International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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30
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Georgescu T, Ladyman SR, Brown RSE, Grattan DR. Acute effects of prolactin on hypothalamic prolactin receptor expressing neurones in the mouse. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12908. [PMID: 33034148 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its critical role in lactation, the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin also influences a broad range of other physiological processes. In particular, widespread expression of prolactin receptor (Prlr) in the brain has highlighted pleiotropic roles for prolactin in regulating neuronal function, including maternal behaviour, reproduction and energy balance. Research into the central actions of prolactin has predominately focused on effects on gene transcription via the canonical JAK2/STAT5; however, it is evident that prolactin can exert rapid actions to stimulate activity in specific populations of neurones. We aimed to investigate how widespread these rapid actions of prolactin are in regions of the brain with large populations of prolactin-sensitive neurones, and whether physiological state alters these responses. Using transgenic mice where the Cre-dependent calcium indicator, GCaMP6f, was conditionally expressed in cells expressing the long form of the Prlr, we monitored changes in levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ) in ex vivo brain slice preparations as a surrogate marker of cellular activity. Here, we surveyed hypothalamic regions implicated in the diverse physiological functions of prolactin such as the arcuate (ARC) and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVN), as well as the medial preoptic area (MPOA). We observed that, in the ARC of males and in both virgin and lactating females, prolactin can exert rapid actions to stimulate neuronal activity in the majority of Prlr-expressing neurones. In the PVN and MPOA, we found a smaller subset of cells that rapidly respond to prolactin. In these brain regions, the effects we detected ranged from rapid or sustained increases in [Ca2+ ]i to inhibitory effects, indicating a heterogeneous nature of these Prlr-expressing populations. These results enhance our understanding of mechanisms by which prolactin acts on hypothalamic neurones and provide insights into how prolactin might influence neuronal circuits in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Georgescu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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31
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. The role of the prolactin receptor pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: what do we know so far? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 32896197 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1821187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been associated with the development of hormone-dependent tumors and have been detected in glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and the prognosis for patients is dismal; hence researchers are exploring the PRLR pathway as a therapeutic target in this disease. Areas covered: This paper explores the effects of PRLR activation on the biology of GBM, the correlation between PRL and PRLR expression and GBM progression and survival in male and female patients. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of the PRLR pathway may allow the development of novel treatments for GBM. Expert opinion: We propose PRL and PRLR as potential prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GBM. Local administration of PRLR inhibitors using gene therapy may offer a beneficial strategy for targeting GBM cells disseminated in the non-neoplastic brain; however, efficacy and safety require careful and extensive evaluation. The data depicted herein underline the need to (i) improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in GBM, and (ii) develop accurate preclinical models that take into consideration different hormonal contexts, specific genetic alterations, and tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila F Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
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32
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Eisemann JH, Ashwell MS, Devine TL, Poole DH, Poore MH, Linder KE. Physiological response, function of sweat glands, and hair follicle cycling in cattle in response to fescue toxicosis and hair genotype. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5717958. [PMID: 31998943 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome that results when cattle consume toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue. The objective of this study was to compare the response in physiological variables, sweat gland function, hair follicle cycling, and gene expression to feeding a total mixed ration that included tall fescue haylage and tall fescue seed containing a toxic endophyte (EI) or tall fescue haylage containing a nontoxic novel endophyte (EN) in beef heifers (Angus × Senepol heifers, n = 31) with 2 different hair genotypes. Numbers in each subgroup were as follows: novel endophyte, heterozygous slick (EN-S; n = 8), novel endophyte, homozygous hairy (wild type, EN-W; n = 7), endophyte-infected, heterozygous slick (EI-S; n = 10), and endophyte-infected, homozygous hairy (wild type, EI-W; n = 6). Physiological measurements were taken weekly for 7 wk. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS including dietary fescue treatment (EN vs. EI) and hair genotype (S vs. W) as main effects, day as a repeated measure, and temperature-humidity index (THI) as a covariate. Skin biopsies were taken before treatment initiation and on day 37 of treatment. Average surface temperature (ST) increased as the THI increased (P < 0.0001). Average ST was greater (P < 0.01) for animals fed EI than for animals fed the EN fescue diet, and greater (P < 0.01) for animals with the W genotype compared with animals with the S genotype. The difference between heifers with the S and W genotype was greater at greater THI (genotype × day interaction, P < 0.01). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was greater (P < 0.05) for animals with the S genotype compared with the W genotype and greater (P < 0.05) for heifers with the S genotype than for heifers with the W genotype when fed EI (36.7, 38.5, 30.0, and 38.7 g/m2 per hour for EN-W, EN-S, EI-W, and EI-S, respectively). The fraction of follicles in telogen in plucked hair samples for heifers fed EI was greater for animals with the S genotype than the W genotype (fraction in telogen: 0.456, 0.565, 0.297, 0.702 for EN-W, EN-S, EI-W, and EI-S, respectively; diet × genotype interaction, P < 0.05). Fraction of follicles in anagen was the opposite. EI fescue resulted in increased ST, changes in hair follicle cycling that support greater hair growth, and decreased TEWL for heifers with the W genotype compared with S genotype, suggesting greater heat stress in response to EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan H Eisemann
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Melissa S Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Thomas L Devine
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Daniel H Poole
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matt H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population, Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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33
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Barad Z, Khant Aung Z, Grattan DR, Ladyman SR, Brown RSE. Impaired prolactin transport into the brain and functional responses to prolactin in aged male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12889. [PMID: 32725828 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is related to changes in a number of endocrine systems that impact on the central actions of hormones. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin is present in the circulation in both males and females, with widespread expression of the prolactin receptor throughout the forebrain. We aimed to investigate prolactin transport into the brain, as well as circulating levels of prolactin and functional responses to prolactin, in aged male mice (23 months). Transport of 125 I-labelled prolactin (125 I-prolactin) from the peripheral circulation into the brain was suppressed in aged compared to young adult (4 months) male mice, with no significant transport into the brain occurring in aged males. We subsequently investigated changes in the negative-feedback regulation of prolactin secretion and prolactin-induced suppression of luteinising hormone (LH) pulsatile secretion in aged male mice. Feedback regulation of prolactin secretion appeared to be unaffected in aged males, with no change in levels of circulating prolactin, and normal prolactin-induced phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5(pSTAT5) immunoreactivity in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurones in the arcuate nucleus. There were, however, significant impairments in the ability of prolactin to suppress LH pulsatile secretion in aged males. In young adult males, acute prolactin administration significantly decreased LH pulses from 1.5 ± 0.19 pulses of LH in 4 hours to 0.5 ± 0.27 pulses. In contrast, prolactin did not suppress LH pulse frequency in aged males, with prolactin leading to an increase in mean LH concentration. These data demonstrate the emergence of impairments in prolactin transport into the brain and deficits in specific functional responses to prolactin with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Barad
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zin Khant Aung
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women. It is known that the prolactin receptor (PRLR) may play a role in breast carcinogenesis, but the available data are often contradictory. To get a more complete picture of the relationship between the receptor and mammary gland carcinogenesis, we examined the association between changes in PRLR expression level and tumor subtype (and its main characteristics). To do this, using real-time PCR, we evaluated the level of PRLR mRNA in BC tissue samples and untransformed adjoining tissue samples (89 pairs). Since the androgen receptor (AR) has begun to be seen as a prognostic marker in breast cancer, we also evaluated the association between mRNA levels of AR and PRLR. We found a significant increase in PRLR expression in luminal subtypes; the highest level of PRLR mRNA was detected in luminal A subtype. In HER2-positive ER-, PR-negative BC, the PRLR mRNA level decreases in tumor tissues compared with untransformed tissues. High PRLR expression is also associated with smaller tumor size in luminal B HER2-negative subtype. In ER-, PR-negative tumors, PRLR expression is associated with AR expression: PRLR mRNA level is increased when AR mRNA level is reduced by more than 8 times in triple-negative tumors; in contrast, in HER2-positive subtype it decreases more significantly when AR expression is reduced by more than 3 times. A tendency towards an increase in PRLR expression with an increase in the AR mRNA level was also discovered in luminal subtypes. The level of PRLR expression depends on the age of patients. In luminal A, PRLR expression is higher in patients under 65 years. In contrast, in luminal B HER2-negative and triple-negative BC, reduced PRLR expression was observed in patients under the age of 40 years and under the age of 50 years, respectively. In this group of patients under the age of 40 years with luminal B HER2-negative BC, ER expression was also reduced (0-4 score according to the IHC assay). Thus, PRLR probably plays a different role in the development and progression of BC: in luminal A and luminal B HER2-positive subtypes PRLR may act as an oncogen, and in luminal B HER2-negative and ER-, PR-negative subtypes can play a tumor suppressor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kalinina
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics - Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Kononchuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics - Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S V Sidorov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; Municipal Clinical Hospital No.1, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L F Gulyaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics - Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Paulson M, Norstedt G, Sahlin L, Hirschberg AL. Association between prolactin receptor expression and proliferation in the endometrium of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:226-232. [PMID: 31389293 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1650343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer. There is growing evidence that prolactin and its receptor (PRLR) are involved in the development of cancer. We assessed endometrial expression of PRLR mRNA, and immunostaining of PRLR and the proliferation marker Ki67 on different cycle days in obese (OB-PCOS) and normal-weight women with PCOS and body mass index-matched controls. The OB-PCOS group underwent a 3 months lifestyle intervention. Prior to intervention, obese women with PCOS and controls had lower endometrial levels of PRLR mRNA in proliferative endometrium than the normal-weight groups (p < .05). After intervention, six OB-PCOS women had confirmed ovulation, while 12 remained anovulatory. Both these subgroups displayed higher immunostaining of PRLR in endometrial stroma, and in the anovulatory subgroup also increased Ki67, on cycle days 21-23 compared with controls (p < .05). In obese controls, the PRLR mRNA expression was decreased in secretory endometrium compared with proliferative endometrium (p = .004). A corresponding change within the cycle was not found in OB-PCOS women. Immunostaining of PRLR in the secretory phase correlated positively with Ki67 (p < .05) in the endometrium. These observations suggest that short-term lifestyle intervention can restore ovulation but not normalize PRLR expression in the endometrium of obese women with PCOS. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN18400086, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18400086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Paulson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Norstedt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Nordfertil Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Rahbar A, AlKharusi A, Costa H, Pantalone MR, Kostopoulou ON, Cui HL, Carlsson J, Rådestad AF, Söderberg-Naucler C, Norstedt G. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces High Expression of Prolactin and Prolactin Receptors in Ovarian Cancer. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9030044. [PMID: 32121009 PMCID: PMC7150842 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer patients is high serum level of prolactin (PRL), which is a growth factor that may promote tumor cell growth. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins are frequently detected in ovarian tumor tissue specimens, but the potential impact of HCMV infection on the PRL system have so far not been investigated. In this study, HCMV’s effects on PRL and PRLR expression were assessed in infected ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3) by PCR and Western blot techniques. The levels of both PRL and PRLR transcripts as well as the corresponding proteins were highly increased in HCMV-infected SKOV3 cells. Tissue specimens obtained from 10 patients with ovarian cancer demonstrated high expression of PRLR, HCMV-IE, and pp65 proteins. Extensive expression of PRLR was detected in all examined ovarian tumor tissue specimens except for one from a patient who had focal expression of PRLR and this patient was HCMV-negative in her tumor. In conclusion, PRL and PRLR were induced to high levels in HCMV-infected ovarian cancer cells and PRLR expression was extensively detected in HCMV-infected ovarian tissue specimens. Highly induced PRL and PRLR by HCMV infection may be of relevance for the oncomodulatory role of this virus in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (H.C.); (M.R.P.); (O.N.K.); (H.L.C.); (C.S.-N.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Amira AlKharusi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 135, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Helena Costa
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (H.C.); (M.R.P.); (O.N.K.); (H.L.C.); (C.S.-N.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattia Russel Pantalone
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (H.C.); (M.R.P.); (O.N.K.); (H.L.C.); (C.S.-N.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ourania N. Kostopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (H.C.); (M.R.P.); (O.N.K.); (H.L.C.); (C.S.-N.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huanhuan L. Cui
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (H.C.); (M.R.P.); (O.N.K.); (H.L.C.); (C.S.-N.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Carlsson
- Division of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Angelique Flöter Rådestad
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (H.C.); (M.R.P.); (O.N.K.); (H.L.C.); (C.S.-N.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Norstedt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 135, Oman;
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Yamaguchi M, Erdenebaatar C, Saito F, Honda R, Ohba T, Kyo S, Tashiro H, Katabuchi H. Prolactin Enhances the Proliferation of Proliferative Endometrial Glandular Cells and Endometrial Cancer Cells. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvz029. [PMID: 32083234 PMCID: PMC7025950 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of endometrial cancer (EC) development in young hyperprolactinemic women, this study assessed the hormonal receptor expression, proliferation, and signaling induced by prolactin in endometrial glands (EG) and EC. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) in EG were evaluated during the menstrual cycle by immunohistochemistry. The following parameters were compared between EM-E6/E7/TERT cells, which originated from proliferative EG and Ishikawa cells. The expression levels of PRLR, pJAK2 (phosphorylated Janus Activating Kinase 2), its downstream pathways (MAPK, PI3K, and STAT), and ER-α were assessed after adding prolactin by Western blotting. U0126 was used as a MAPK inhibitor. The proliferation caused by estradiol was also examined by MTS assay after adding prolactin. PRLR expression in the EG was significantly higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase, and it was correlated with ER-α expression during the menstrual cycle. After adding prolactin, the expression of pJAK2, PRLR and ER-α was significantly increased in both cell lines, MAPK was activated after adding prolactin in both cell lines, and PI3K and STAT were activated only in EM-E6/E7/TERT cells. The increased proliferation induced by estradiol was enhanced after adding prolactin in both cell lines. All changes caused by prolactin were inhibited in Ishikawa cells pretreated with U0126. Long-term effects of serum prolactin on persistent proliferative endometrium in the presence of estradiol may induce abnormal proliferation of EG in hyperprolactinemic women. Prolactin-PRLR signaling via MAPK may play a crucial role in the progression of EC in hyperprolactinemic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekage Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chimeddulam Erdenebaatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Honda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University of School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hironori Tashiro
- Department of Woman’s Health Sciences and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto city, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Katabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-City, Kumamoto, Japan
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Xiao Z, Yang X, Zhang K, Liu Z, Shao Z, Song C, Wang X, Li Z. Estrogen receptor α/ prolactin receptor bilateral crosstalk promotes bromocriptine resistance in prolactinomas. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:3174-3189. [PMID: 33173437 PMCID: PMC7646122 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common type of functional pituitary adenoma. Although bromocriptine is the preferred first line treatment for prolactinoma, resistance frequently occurs, posing a prominent clinical challenge. Both the prolactin receptor (PRLR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) serve critical roles in the development and progression of prolactinomas, and whether this interaction between PRLR and ERα contributes to bromocriptine resistance remains to be clarified. In the present study, increased levels of ERα and PRLR protein expression were detected in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas and MMQ cells. Prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) were found to exert synergistic effects on prolactinoma cell proliferation. Furthermore, PRL induced the phosphorylation of ERα via the JAK2-PI3K/Akt-MEK/ERK pathway, while estrogen promoted PRLR upregulation via pERα. ERα inhibition abolished E2-induced PRLR upregulation and PRL-induced ERα phosphorylation, and fulvestrant, an ERα inhibitor, restored pituitary adenoma cell sensitivity to bromocriptine by activating JNK-MEK/ERK-p38 MAPK signaling and cyclin D1 downregulation. Collectively, these data suggest that the interaction between the estrogen/ERα and PRL/PRLR pathways may contribute to bromocriptine resistance, and therefore, that combination treatment with fulvestrant and bromocriptine (as opposed to either drug alone) may exert potent antitumor effects on bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Xiao
- Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003
| | - Kun Zhang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 210011
| | - Zebin Liu
- Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003
| | - Zheng Shao
- Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003
| | - Chaojun Song
- Department of Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Carson International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Abstract
1. Prolactin hormone (governed by the PRL gene) is secreted by the anterior pituitary of animals, which combines with its receptor (prolactin receptor, PRLR) to act on target cells. Both PRL and PRLR are mainly associated with reproductive performance. The genetic mechanism of nesting in poultry is not yet clear, and so the aim of the current study was to determine expression patterns of PRL and PRLR at different times across the breeding stages of black Muscovy ducks.2. In this study, the CDS regions of PRL and PRLR were determined by RACE sequencing. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in the pituitary, ovary and uterus from the black Muscovy duck were compared and analysed during the pre-laying, laying and nesting periods.3. The results showed that PRL and PRLR are highly homologous in a variety of poultry species. The expression of the PRL gene in the pituitary was the highest, which was significantly higher than seen in the ovary and uterus. This trend ran through the entire prenatal period, i.e. the laying period and the nesting period. The expression level of the PRLR gene in the pituitary and ovary was generally low, and expression in the uterus was the highest. There was no significant difference in expression of the PRLR gene between pituitary and ovary during different periods, but the expression level of the PRLR gene in the uterus reached its highest level during the nesting stage, which was significantly higher than seen in the early laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Gene Bank of Waterfowl Resources, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Ji
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Sun
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Gene Bank of Waterfowl Resources, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Xiao
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Gene Bank of Waterfowl Resources, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Bian
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Gene Bank of Waterfowl Resources, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Qing
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Gene Bank of Waterfowl Resources, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Szczesna M, Kirsz K, Misztal T, Zieba DA. Pregnancy-induced changes in the transcript levels of prolactin receptor and its suppressor in the ovine hypothalamus and adenohypophysis. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 55:21-28. [PMID: 31626709 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse changes in the abundance of prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) mRNA in the ventro-/dorsomedial nucleus (VMH/DMH) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus as well as in the median eminence (ME) and adenohypophysis (AP) in sheep at 30, 60, 90 and 120 d of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant animals. In the VMH/DMH, PRLR transcripts were detected only in non-pregnant ewes. In the ARC, the abundances of PRLR mRNA were higher in pregnant sheep on days 30 (p < .01), 90 (p < .01) and 120 (p < .05) than in non-pregnant sheep. In contrast, the expression of PRLR mRNA in the ME was lower (p < .01) in pregnant ewes at days 30 and 60 than in non-pregnant ewes and was undetectable at later stages of gestation. In all studied stages of pregnancy except day 60, the abundance of PRLR mRNA was higher (p < .01) in the ARC than in the AP, while in non-pregnant sheep, there were no differences (p ≥ .05) in the transcript levels between these two tissues. In non-pregnant ewes, the abundance of SOCS-3 mRNA in the AP was lower than that in any other studied tissue (p < .05-p < .01). In conclusion, the observed changes in PRLR and SOCS-3 mRNA abundance in the hypothalamus and AP during pregnancy may be important components of the mechanisms regulating the action of PRL in energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine interactions within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Szczesna
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kirsz
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
| | - Dorota A Zieba
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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Tian L, Zhang L, Cui Y, Li H, Xie X, Li Y, Wang C. miR-142-3p Regulates Milk Synthesis and Structure of Murine Mammary Glands via PRLR-Mediated Multiple Signaling Pathways. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9532-9542. [PMID: 31369265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Murine mammary gland is an ideal model for studying the development and milk synthesis in dairy animals. MicroRNAs play an important role in milk synthesis and mammary gland development; however, the molecular mechanism of miR-142-3p continues to be poorly understood. Here, we knocked down miR-142-3p expression in vitro and vivo, increased the prolactin receptor expression and activated many downstream cellular proteins, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, cyclin D1, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. Additionally, miR-142-3p knockdown in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells increased proliferation but not viability, induced cell cycle progression, decreased apoptosis, and increased the expression of triglycerides and β-casein. Moreover, miR-142-3p knockdown in murine mammary gland tissue in vivo affected the structure and function of the mammary gland, which showed an increased number of lobules and ducts and was more capable of producing milk. However, overexpression of miR-142-3p had the opposite effects. In summary, these data reveal that miR-142-3p regulates milk synthesis and the structure of murine mammary glands via PRLR-mediated multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Huiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Xuejiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin 150030 , China
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42
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Patil M, Hovhannisyan AH, Wangzhou A, Mecklenburg J, Koek W, Goffin V, Grattan D, Boehm U, Dussor G, Price TJ, Akopian AN. Prolactin receptor expression in mouse dorsal root ganglia neuronal subtypes is sex-dependent. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12759. [PMID: 31231869 PMCID: PMC6939775 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neurones exhibit sex-dependent responsiveness to prolactin (PRL). This could contribute to sexual dimorphism in pathological pain conditions. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying sex-dependent PRL sensitivity in sensory neurones. A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction shows that prolactin receptor (Prlr) long and short isoform mRNAs are expressed at comparable levels in female and male mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In Prlrcre/+ ;Rosa26LSL-tDTomato/+ reporter mice, percentages of Prlr+ sensory neurones in female and male DRG are also similar. Characterisation of Prlr+ DRG neurones using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology revealed that Prlr+ DRG neurones are mainly peptidergic nociceptors in females and males. However, sensory neurone type-dependent expression of Prlr is sex dimorphic. Thus, Prlr+ populations fell into three small- and two medium-large-sized sensory neuronal groups. Prlr+ DRG neurones are predominantly medium-large sized in males and are proportionally more comprised of small-sized sensory neurones in females. Specifically, Prlr+ /IB4+ /CGRP+ neurones are four- to five-fold higher in numbers in female DRG. By contrast, Prlr+ /IB4- /CGRP+ /5HT3a+ /NPYR2- are predominant in male DRG. Prlr+ /IB4- /CGRP- , Prlr+ /IB4- /CGRP+ and Prlr+ /IB4- /CGRP+ /NPYR2+ neurones are evenly encountered in female and male DRG. These differences were confirmed using an independently generated single-cell sequencing dataset. Overall, we propose a novel mechanism by which sensory neurone type-dependent expression of Prlr could explain the unique sex dimorphism in responsiveness of nociceptors to PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Patil
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Anahit H. Hovhannisyan
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Andi Wangzhou
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 75080
| | - Jennifer Mecklenburg
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Wouter Koek
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | | | - David Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 75080
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 75080
- Corresponding authors:Armen N. Akopian, The School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center @ San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, Office: (210) 567-6668 Fax: (210) 567-3389 , Theodore J. Price School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson TX 75080, Office: (972) 883-4311
| | - Armen N. Akopian
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
- Corresponding authors:Armen N. Akopian, The School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center @ San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, Office: (210) 567-6668 Fax: (210) 567-3389 , Theodore J. Price School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson TX 75080, Office: (972) 883-4311
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43
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de Faudeur G, Brouwers B, Schuit F, Creemers JWM, Ramos-Molina B. Transgenic Artifacts Caused by Passenger Human Growth Hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:670-674. [PMID: 29921469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The minigene encoding human growth hormone (hGH) has been incorporated into over 300 transgenic mouse lines to improve transgene expression. However, unexpected and functional hGH expression can drastically alter physiology. We list here the mouse lines in which ectopic hGH has been confirmed, and we provide a wiki for lines awaiting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy de Faudeur
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; These authors contributed equally
| | - Bas Brouwers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; These authors contributed equally
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John W M Creemers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Intekhab Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Nave R, Jodl S, Hoffmann A, Gashaw I, Zollmann F, Berse M, Höchel J, Krätzschmar J, Rohde B. Monoclonal Antibody Against Prolactin Receptor: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Repeated Subcutaneous Administrations in Postmenopausal Women. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:523-531. [PMID: 29806538 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118776806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BAY 1158061 is a potent monoclonal prolactin (PRL) receptor antibody, blocking PRL receptor (PRLR)-mediated signaling in a noncompetitive manner, which was tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled multiple dose study in postmenopausal women. The objective was to investigate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and effects of BAY 1158061 on serum PRL level. The study consisted of 4 parallel groups receiving up to 3 subcutaneous (sc) administrations of BAY 1158061 or placebo in 2 different dosing regimens. Twenty-nine healthy postmenopausal women were randomized and treated with BAY 1158061 or placebo: 30 mg at 14-day interval (7 participants), 60 mg at 28-day interval (8 participants), 90 mg at 14-day interval (7 participants), and placebo (7 participants). To keep the blinding, all randomized participants received sc injections biweekly (14-day interval) on 3 occasions in the lower abdomen. The PRLR antibody showed a favorable safety and tolerability profile in postmenopausal women with no distinct differences in occurrence of adverse events in BAY 1158061 or placebo-treated participants. BAY 1158061 displayed low immunogenicity with low titers of antidrug antibodies and absence of neutralizing antidrug antibodies. Pharmacokinetics were characterized by slow absorption after sc administration with median peak plasma concentrations 7 to 11 days after first dose and about 2-fold accumulation after repeated dosing every 2 weeks. The apparent mean elimination half-life was 9 to 16 days. The PRL concentration-time profiles over 24 hours showed no differences between verum- and placebo-treated participants. Based on the data obtained, BAY 1158061 is considered a good candidate for further development in endometriosis or other PRL-mediated disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Jodl
- 1 Clinical Sciences, BAYER AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Berse
- 3 CRS Clinical Research Services Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Beate Rohde
- 1 Clinical Sciences, BAYER AG, Berlin, Germany
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46
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Fei MJ, Xu YN, Wang JD. [The expression and clinical progression of androgen, estrogen and prolactin receptor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:190-195. [PMID: 29775019 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The aim of this study is to analyze the different expression and function of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER-α) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In combination with the expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR), we analyzed the prognostic impact of three receptors on the laryngeal carcinoma. Method:In this study, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PC) analysis were performed on the tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in 112 LSCC patients (95 males and 17 females). We found that hormone receptor expression is closely related to the clinical tumor lesions and overall survival data. Result:The expression of AR, ER-α and PRLR in tumor tissues were much higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (P>0.05) at both protein and mRNA levels. The higher PRLR level indicate poor survival in LSCC patients (P=0.02), while higher ER-α expression could influence the survival with considerable trend toward significance (P=0.06). Furthermore, the higher expression of ER-α in tumours were corresponding with PRLR cytoplasmic higher level expression (r=0.802, P=0.04). This mutual promoted effect between ER-α and PRLR possibly suggests potential mechanisms among those sex related hormone receptors in laryngeal cancer. Conclusion:It has become increasingly credible that the sex related hormone receptors play an important role in the development of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Y N Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - J D Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Cheal SM, Ruan S, Veach DR, Longo VA, Punzalan BJ, Wu J, Fung EK, Kelly MP, Kirshner JR, Giurleo JT, Ehrlich G, Han AQ, Thurston G, Olson WC, Zanzonico PB, Larson SM, Carrasquillo JA. ImmunoPET Imaging of Endogenous and Transfected Prolactin Receptor Tumor Xenografts. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2133-2141. [PMID: 29684277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies labeled with positron-emitting isotopes have been used for tumor detection, predicting which patients may respond to tumor antigen-directed therapy, and assessing pharmacodynamic effects of drug interventions. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is overexpressed in breast and prostate cancers and is a new target for cancer therapy. We evaluated REGN2878, an anti-PRLR monoclonal antibody, as an immunoPET reagent. REGN2878 was labeled with Zr-89 after conjugation with desferrioxamine B or labeled with I-131/I-124. In vitro determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of parental REGN2878, DFO-REGN2878, and iodinated REGN2878 was performed by examining the effect of the increasing amounts of these on uptake of trace-labeled I-131 REGN2878. REGN1932, a non-PRLR binding antibody, was used as a control. Imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing tumor xenografts with various expression levels of PRLR, including MCF-7, transfected MCF-7/PRLR, PC3, and transfected PC3/PRLR and T4D7v11 cell lines. The specificity of uptake in tumors was evaluated by comparing Zr-89 REGN2878 and REGN1932, and in vivo competition compared Zr-89 REGN2878 uptake in tumor xenografts with and without prior injection of 2 mg of nonradioactive REGN2878. The competition binding assay of DFO-REGN2878 at ratios of 3.53-5.77 DFO per antibody showed IC50 values of 0.4917 and 0.7136 nM, respectively, compared to 0.3455 nM for parental REGN2878 and 0.3343 nM for I-124 REGN2878. Imaging and biodistribution studies showed excellent targeting of Zr-89 REGN2878 in PRLR-positive xenografts at delayed times of 189 h (presented as mean ± 1 SD, percent injected activity per mL (%IA/mL) 74.6 ± 33.8%IA/mL). In contrast, MCF-7/PRLR tumor xenografts showed a low uptake (7.0 ± 2.3%IA/mL) of control Zr-89 REGN1932 and a very low uptake and rapid clearance of I-124 REGN2878 (1.4 ± 0.6%IA/mL). Zr-89 REGN2878 has excellent antigen-specific targeting in various PRLR tumor xenograft models. We estimated, using image-based kinetic modeling, that PRLR antigen has a very rapid in vivo turnover half-life of ∼14 min from the cell membrane. Despite relatively modest estimated tumor PRLR expression numbers, PRLR-expressing cells have shown final retention of the Zr-89 REGN2878 antibody, with an uptake that appeared to be related to PRLR expression. This reagent has the potential to be used in clinical trials targeting PRLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Cheal
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis , Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Shutian Ruan
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis , Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Valerie A Longo
- Small-Animal Imaging Core Facility , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Blesida J Punzalan
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Edward K Fung
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Department of Medical Physics , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Marcus P Kelly
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , NY 10591 , United States
| | | | - Jason T Giurleo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , NY 10591 , United States
| | - George Ehrlich
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , NY 10591 , United States
| | - Amy Q Han
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , NY 10591 , United States
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , NY 10591 , United States
| | - William C Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Tarrytown , NY 10591 , United States
| | - Pat B Zanzonico
- Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Small-Animal Imaging Core Facility , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Department of Medical Physics , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis , Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical Center , New York , NY 10065 , United States
| | - Jorge A Carrasquillo
- Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program , MSK , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Center for Targeted Radioimmunotherapy and Diagnosis , Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy , New York , NY 10065 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical Center , New York , NY 10065 , United States
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48
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Lin M, Wang N, Yao B, Zhong Y, Lin Y, You T. Quercetin improves postpartum hypogalactia in milk-deficient mice via stimulating prolactin production in pituitary gland. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1511-1520. [PMID: 29671937 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum dysgalactia is a common clinical problem for lactating women. Seeking out the safe and efficient phytoestrogens will be a promising strategy for postpartum dysgalactia therapy. In this study, the postpartum mice within four groups, including control group, the model group, and the treatment groups intragastrically administrated with normal saline, bromocriptine, bromocriptine plus 17α-ethinyl estradiol, and bromocriptine plus quercetin, respectively, were used. The results showed that quercetin, a kind of natural phytoestrogen, could efficiently promote lactation yield and mammary gland development in the agalactosis mice produced by bromocriptine administration. Mechanically, quercetin, such as 17α-ethinyl estradiol, significantly stimulated prolactin (PRL) production and deposition in the mammary gland in the agalactosis mice determined by western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Furthermore, quercetin could increase the expression of β-casein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid synthase, and α-lactalbumin in the breast tissues that are responsible for the production of fatty acid, lactose, and galactose in the milk at the transcriptional level determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, quercetin promoted primary mammary epithelial cell proliferation and stimulated prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression probably via AKT activation in vitro. In conclusion, this study indicates that estrogen-like quercetin promotes mammary gland development and lactation yield in milk-deficient mice, probably via stimulating PRL expression and release from the pituitary gland, as well as induces PRLR expression in primary mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lin
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of gynecology, the Eleventh People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhong
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianhui You
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou key laboratory of construction and application of new drug screening model systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Kavarthapu R, Dufau ML. Essential role of endogenous prolactin and CDK7 in estrogen-induced upregulation of the prolactin receptor in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27353-27363. [PMID: 28423697 PMCID: PMC5432340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our early studies have shown that Estradiol (E2)/Estrogen Receptor α (ER) in a non-DNA dependent manner through complex formation with C/EBPβ/SP1 induced transcriptional activation of the generic hPIII promoter and expression of the Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) receptor in MCF-7 cells. Subsequent studies demonstrated effects of unliganded ERα with requisite participation of endogenous PRL on the activation of PRLR transcription. Also, EGF/ERBB1 in the absence of PRL and E2 effectively induced upregulation of the PRLR. In this study we have delineated the transcriptional mechanism of upregulation of PRLR receptor induced by E2 incorporating knowledge of the various transcriptional upregulation modalities from our previous studies. Here, we demonstrate an essential requirement of STAT5a induced by PRL via PRLR receptor which associates at the promoter and its interaction with phoshoERα S118. Knock-down of PRL by siRNA significantly reduced E2-induced PRLR promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression, recruitment of ERα to the complex at promoter, C/EBPβ association to its DNA site and productive complex formation at hPIII promoter. The specific CDK7 inhibitor (THZ1) that attenuates E2-induced ERα phosphorylation at S118 abrogated E2-induced PRLR promoter activation. Further studies demonstrated that E2 induced cell migration was inhibited by PRL siRNA and THZ1 indicating its dependence on PRL/PRLR and CDK7, respectively. Our studies have demonstrated the essential role of endogenous PRL and CDK7 in the upregulation of PRLR by E2 and provide insights for therapeutic approaches that will mitigate the transcription/expression of PRLR and its participation in breast cancer progression fueled by E2 and PRL via their cognate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveer Kavarthapu
- Section on Molecular Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4510, USA
| | - Maria L Dufau
- Section on Molecular Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Schriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4510, USA
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50
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Porto-Neto LR, Bickhart DM, Landaeta-Hernandez AJ, Utsunomiya YT, Pagan M, Jimenez E, Hansen PJ, Dikmen S, Schroeder SG, Kim ES, Sun J, Crespo E, Amati N, Cole JB, Null DJ, Garcia JF, Reverter A, Barendse W, Sonstegard TS. Convergent Evolution of Slick Coat in Cattle through Truncation Mutations in the Prolactin Receptor. Front Genet 2018. [PMID: 29527221 PMCID: PMC5829098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptations are occasionally convergent solutions to the same problem. A mutation contributing to a heat tolerance adaptation in Senepol cattle, a New World breed of mostly European descent, results in the distinct phenotype known as slick, where an animal has shorter hair and lower follicle density across its coat than wild type animals. The causal variant, located in the 11th exon of prolactin receptor, produces a frameshift that results in a truncated protein. However, this mutation does not explain all cases of slick coats found in criollo breeds. Here, we obtained genome sequences from slick cattle of a geographically distinct criollo breed, namely Limonero, whose ancestors were originally brought to the Americas by the Spanish. These data were used to identify new causal alleles in the 11th exon of the prolactin receptor, two of which also encode shortened proteins that remove a highly conserved tyrosine residue. These new mutations explained almost 90% of investigated cases of animals that had slick coats, but which also did not carry the Senepol slick allele. These results demonstrate convergent evolution at the molecular level in a trait important to the adaptation of an animal to its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek M Bickhart
- US Dairy Forage Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Antonio J Landaeta-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Yuri T Utsunomiya
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Melvin Pagan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Esbal Jimenez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Serdal Dikmen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Steven G Schroeder
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Eui-Soo Kim
- Recombinetics, Inc., Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward Crespo
- Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Norman Amati
- Unidad de Investigaciones Zootécnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - John B Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Daniel J Null
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jose F Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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