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Schwab-Farrell SM, Dugan S, Sayers C, Postman W. Speech-language pathologist, physical therapist, and occupational therapist experiences of interprofessional collaborations. J Interprof Care 2024; 38:253-263. [PMID: 38044543 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2023.2287028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Interprofessional collaboration among speech-language pathology, physical therapy, and occupational therapy is considered to promote best practice in rehabilitation as it can enhance efficiency, patient outcomes, and clinician and patient satisfaction. Although clinician experiences with interprofessional collaboration have been studied in each of the rehabilitation professions separately, limited research has been conducted on the shared attitudes or experiences across speech-language pathology, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. The purpose of this study was to understand speech-language pathologist, physical therapist, and occupational therapist experiences of interprofessional collaborations. We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional online survey study. The survey included Likert-scale questions and open-ended questions that probed clinicians' general experiences with interprofessional practice and views and beliefs regarding barriers and facilitators to interprofessional collaboration. Responses from 213 clinician respondents were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods and a qualitative content analysis. The results revealed overlap in attitudes and experiences across speech-language pathology, physical therapy, and occupational therapy about barriers and benefits to interprofessional collaboration. Perceived respect differed among the professions, with speech-language pathologists more frequently reporting that their role is often misunderstood or undervalued by other rehabilitation professionals. These results may guide future research focused upon the predictors of successful interprofessional collaborations and interactions.
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Romney WM, Wormley ME, Veneri D, Oberlander A, Catizone V, Grevelding P. Physical and occupational therapists' perceptions of sustainability of a knowledge translation intervention to improve the use of outcome measures in inpatient rehabilitation: a qualitative study. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:653-665. [PMID: 37966686 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the perceptions, barriers, and facilitators of sustaining the use of outcome measures of physical and occupational therapists following a three-year knowledge translation intervention. METHODS A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted at an inpatient rehabilitation hospital on 13 clinicians (6 physical therapists and 7 occupational therapists) participating in the knowledge translation intervention. Data collection used semi-structured interviewing during three focus groups to understand the lived experience of clinicians participating in the knowledge translation project. Data were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) codebook. RESULTS Two investigators coded twelve CFIR constructs into barriers and facilitators for outcome measure use. Four key themes emerged as determinants for outcome measures use: (1) Organizational support and clinician engagement; (2) the knowledge translation intervention; (3) the outcome measures themselves; and (4) the patients. Clinicians reported using outcome measures for patient education, treatment planning, and goal setting, while they found other outcome measures lacked functional significance. Facilitators included organizational support, access to knowledge, ongoing training, and clinician engagement. Ongoing barriers included the need for more training and the need to select different tests. CONCLUSIONS This study found proper selection of outcomes measures is important and attributed the sustainability of the knowledge translation intervention to organizational support, clinician engagement and ongoing training. The clinicians wanted continued training to overcome new barriers. Barriers identified in this study were unique to the typical barriers identified for outcome measure use. Ongoing barrier assessments are needed for continued refinement of knowledge translation interventions to enhance sustainability.
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Hayes K, Dos Santos V, Boyd N, Connelly B, Lustig K. Preparing occupational therapy students for practice in rural areas: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075886. [PMID: 38423767 PMCID: PMC10910476 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite greater needs in rural areas, occupational therapists are maldistributed to urban spaces which limits service access and health outcomes for rural people and communities. Preparation of students for rural practice may improve rural workforce recruitment and retention; however, the range and scope of preparation strategies employed by education providers are unclear. This scoping review aims to understand and describe the range of strategies education services use to prepare occupational therapy students for rural practice across the globe. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will include all publications about strategies used to prepare occupational therapy students for future rural practice, prior to enrolment, during the programme or on graduation. MEDLINE (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), APA PsychInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Health Source: Nursing/Academic (EBSCOHost), Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases will be systematically searched in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese languages. Citations will be screened by two or more independent researchers against inclusion criteria and data extracted from included publications using a customised extraction tool. Frequency counts will be provided for study type, student location and sociodemographics, and the timing/educational strategy. The extracted data will be analysed using a matrix framework and presented in diagrammatic/tabular form and accompanied by a narrative summary which will describe how the results relate to the reviews' questions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will not involve human/animal subjects and does not require ethics approval. Results will be disseminated to relevant groups in peer-reviewed journal(s) and at relevant occupational therapy, higher education and/or rural health conferences. Results will also be translated and shared in blogs/social media to support access for non-research audiences and shared with other regional universities to influence curriculum design.
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Valera-Gran D, Campos-Sánchez I, Prieto-Botella D, Fernández-Pires P, Hurtado-Pomares M, Juárez-Leal I, Peral-Gómez P, Navarrete-Muñoz EM. Enhancing evidence-based practice into healthcare: Exploring the role of scientific skills in occupational therapists. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2323205. [PMID: 38447524 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2323205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research utilization and evidence-based practice (EBP) in occupational therapy rely on essential scientific skills. Despite prior research exploring factors influencing EBP, a gap remains in understanding the specific scientific competencies crucial for effective EBP application. OBJECTIVES To (1) describe the level of scientific skills for EBP and research application, and (2) investigate the factors influencing higher scientific competence among 1159 Spanish-speaking occupational therapists. MATERIAL AND METHODS We assessed the scientific skills using the HACTO-Screen online survey. Recruitment was conducted through a non-probability convenience sampling method between April to June 2020, using social networks and email dissemination to education and professional organizations in Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. RESULTS Out of a total score of 115 points, participants showed a moderate level of scientific skills (mean: 62.7, SD: 21.6), with literature searching skills ranking the highest and scientific writing skills ranking the lowest. Associations were found between greater scientific competence and advanced degrees, ongoing research training, and on-the-job research. CONCLUSIONS Continuous research training, higher academic degrees, and active research engagement are essential for enhancing scientific competence among occupational therapists. SIGNIFICANCE Targeted training to enhance scientific skills and promote research utilization are crucial in advancing EBP in occupational therapy.
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Margot-Cattin I, Deblock-Bellamy A, Wassmer J, Ledgerd R, von Zweck C, World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). Worldwide Survey on Digital Assistive Technology (DAT) Provision. Occup Ther Int 2024; 2024:9536020. [PMID: 38351981 PMCID: PMC10864050 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9536020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational therapists have long been involved in assistive technology (AT) provision worldwide. AT is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance functioning, independence, and autonomy and ultimately promote well-being for people living with disabilities. With the digitalisation of societies, the everyday lives and occupations of individuals are changing, becoming more reliant on digital solutions. The development of digital assistive technology (DAT) also offers opportunities for people with disabilities to access, interact, and pilot the digital world. However, we do not know how occupational therapists are involved in DAT provision worldwide. A survey was conducted in the global occupational therapist's community in June 2022 to describe DAT provision and the factors influencing it. Occupational therapy practitioners were included (n = 660) in the analysis. In DAT provision, occupational therapists mostly provide advice to people, assess their needs, provide instruction or training, prescribe DAT, and fit DAT to people and their environment. The clients served through DAT provision are most frequently people with neurological impairments, chronic illnesses, sensory impairments, and older people. The reasons for providing DAT focus on education, work, school, and leisure. It is expected that DAT provision will enhance independence, self-esteem, occupational participation, and social relationships. Issues faced by occupational therapists when providing DAT are costs of product and funding schemes, sufficient knowledge, and access to knowledge sources. Survey respondents are mostly from Western countries with access to the Internet and the digital world, including having digital literacy, highlighting the digital divide that exists between world regions and countries, but also within countries worldwide. There is a need to continue research to better understand the issues related to digitalisation and the digital participation of people living with disabilities.
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Brose JM, Willis E, Morgan DD. Occupational adaptation for adults living with advanced cancer: A phenomenological longitudinal study. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:52-63. [PMID: 37806961 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People living with advanced cancer want to continue participating in their valued occupations amid cancer progression. However, increasing dependence and bodily deterioration challenge a person's ability to do so, thus requiring adaptation to how they engage in their occupations. Theoretical frameworks on the process of occupational adaptation often do not address the implications of progressive functional decline. METHODS A longitudinal phenomenological design was used to understand the lived experience of occupational engagement for working-aged adults living with advanced cancer. A semi-structured interview series explored participants' experience of occupational engagement and how this changed over time. Data were analysed thematically and mapped against the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). FINDINGS Eight adults (40-64 years old) participated in 33 interviews over 19 months. Three themes were constructed from the data: ongoing adaptation through doing, the significance of volition in adaptation, and everyday life is contingent on my environment. Study findings demonstrate that the process of adaptation occurs through occupational engagement, is motivated by volition, and is affected by the environment. Volition and the environment play a more central role in occupational adaptation than occupational competency for the advanced cancer cohort. CONCLUSION Study findings further MOHO's theoretical conceptualisation of occupational adaptation by identifying the centrality of volition and the environment in the process of adaptation. For people living with advanced cancer, disease progression results in unremitting functional decline, thus rendering competency an unstable and untenable construct. Rather, this paper argues that occupational adaptation is facilitated by volition (i.e., the motivation behind the doing) and the environment, thus fostering a sense of identity and meaning at the end of life. Occupational therapists' awareness of the significance of volition and the environment can thus foster continued occupational engagement and meaning at the end of life for people living with advanced cancer.
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Carey LM. 2023 Sylvia Docker lecture: Ignite your passion, and connect, to make a difference. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:4-17. [PMID: 38234045 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Together, we grow our profession of occupational therapy as we engage in understanding and addressing the issues that challenge the people we work with. In this Sylvia Docker Lecture, I will share the collective journeys of myself and other occupational therapists and health professionals who have undertaken (or are currently undertaking) their PhDs and are actively involved in research, to address these challenges. Together, we will explore three themes: understanding the WHY that ignites one's passion; living the journey-the EXPERIENCE; and making a difference-the IMPACT. Stories will be told through the lived experience of those engaged in research as currently enrolled PhD students, emerging researchers, and experienced researchers. These stories will capture the lived experience across individuals, and at different times in the research journey. Stories are summarised and captured using natural language processing. Topics are identified, concept maps visualised, and outputs interpreted in context of related theoretical models. Key topics identified include: the clinical and personal motivators that have ignited the passion in individuals; the value of connecting with others and growing networks; and how one's research has made a difference. The impact of discoveries and outcomes are highlighted, together with the importance of people and networks. Analysis of connections and synthesis over time revealed frequent and strong connections across themes, concepts and topics; with synthesising concepts of passion, networks, knowledge translation, opportunities, supervision and communication emerging and being shaped over time. These collective journeys provide inspiration and pathways to creative careers that have future potential in the growth of the profession of occupational therapy. It is recommended that each occupational therapist take the time to reflect on the 'why' that ignites your passion, your journey and how you can make a difference!
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Swisher LL, Hardwick DD, Ditwiler RE. On "Relationships Between Burnout and Resilience: Experiences of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Roundy PE, Stearns ZR, Willis MW, et al. Phys Ther. 2023;103:pzad022. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzad022. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzad161. [PMID: 38006360 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
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Castaño Novoa P, Limeres Posse J, García Mato E, Varela Aneiros I, Abeleira Pazos MT, Diz Dios P, Rivas Mundiña B. Dental desensitization by dentists and occupational therapists for autistic adults: A pilot study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:515-519. [PMID: 37272580 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231173757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Managing patients with autism in the dental clinic often requires resorting to pharmacological behavioral control techniques, including general anesthesia. References in the literature to desensitization programs are scarce and focus on training children with autism to undergo oral examinations and preventive procedures. This study shows that a dental desensitization program implemented by dentists and occupational therapists could help in performing not only oral examinations but also simple dental therapeutic procedures for a considerable percentage of adults with autism, without using a pharmacological intervention (sedation or general anesthesia).
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Aljabri NQ, Bulkeley K, Cusick A. The Occupational Therapy Profession in Saudi Arabia. Occup Ther Int 2024; 2024:9982661. [PMID: 38274406 PMCID: PMC10807978 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9982661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an evidence-based description of how the occupational therapy profession operates in Saudi Arabia. Methods A case study methodology set out an evidence-based description of occupational therapy in Saudi Arabia. Three procedures were used: (1) a structured narrative review of publications on occupational therapy in Saudi Arabia based on searches of seven healthcare databases; (2) an audit of "grey literature" about or referring to occupational therapy education, practice, research, or the profession in Saudi Arabia using Google Scholar, Google search, official documents and websites, and relevant global organisation such as the WFOT website and documents; and (3) consultation with occupational therapists to further discuss emerging evidence from peer-reviewed articles and grey literature about occupational therapy in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected in Arabic and English. Findings. Occupational therapy in Saudi Arabia is a rapidly growing and emerging profession primarily focused on rehabilitation practice. Between 2010 and 2019, seven academic organisations commenced bachelor's degree programmes. Occupational therapy services in Saudi Arabia are concentrated in city-based secondary and tertiary healthcare services targeting rehabilitation and disability support. The practice aims to promote the reduction in impairment and increase activity performance and participation in valued life roles. Despite the increasing demand for occupational therapy services, there needs to be more access to and availability of their services. Enhancement of the awareness of occupational therapy among the public and other healthcare professionals is needed. A consistent definition of occupational therapy in Saudi Arabia would strengthen the profession, along with a national scope of practice, practice guidelines, increased workforce and development, and professional education information. Conclusion Occupational therapy in Saudi Arabia is growing regarding the size of the workforce and the number of programmes and services provided, thus contributing to the health and well-being of the population primarily through rehabilitation. Further development of the profession is necessary.
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Loubani K, Polo KM, Baxter MF, Rand D. Identifying Facilitators of and Barriers to Referrals to Occupational Therapy Services by Israeli Cancer Health Care Professionals: A Qualitative Study. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801205050. [PMID: 38224354 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Persons living with and beyond cancer (PLWBC) are rarely referred to occupational therapy services despite their functional difficulties. An understanding of the barriers to and facilitators of occupational therapy referrals from the perspective of cancer health care professionals could help minimize referral gaps. OBJECTIVE To explore cancer health care professionals' perspectives on and knowledge of occupational therapy's role in cancer care, identify the barriers, and explore solutions to optimize referrals. DESIGN Multiexplanatory qualitative case study. SETTING Community and hospital cancer clinics in Israel. PARTICIPANTS Six in-person focus groups of cancer care Israeli nurses and social workers, totaling 28 participants. RESULTS Two main themes were identified: (1) barriers to occupational therapy referrals and (2) partial facilitators of occupational therapy referrals. The four barriers subthemes were (1) gaps in knowledge about symptoms' effects on daily functioning, (2) gaps in knowledge regarding occupational therapy's role in cancer care, (3) bureaucratic and organizational barriers, and (4) unavailability of occupational therapy services. The two facilitators subthemes were (1) collaborations and communication with occupational therapists and (2) awareness of occupational therapy services. Participants suggested practical solutions for improving occupational therapy referrals, interdisciplinary collaboration and communication, and integrating occupational therapy into cancer care. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Barriers to referrals included gaps in participants' knowledge that link side effects to functional difficulties indicating a need for referral to occupational therapy. Participants' suggestions to bolster referrals can be implemented by occupational therapists to reduce patients' unmet needs and bridge existing gaps in cancer care. Plain-Language Summary: This research helped to identify barriers and facilitators regarding insufficient knowledge about occupational therapy's role in cancer care and adds a better understanding of gaps in referrals to occupational therapy. In addition, cancer health care professionals who participated in the study suggested practical solutions for reducing barriers and maximizing support for referral. With these nuances, occupational therapy practitioners can work with medical cancer care units (i.e., acute care hospitals, medical cancer centers, and community health care clinics) to target the use of strategies that work for their units to ensure that persons living with and beyond cancer receive needed occupational therapy services.
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Bar-Nizan T, Rand D, Lahav Y. Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice and Burnout Among Occupational Therapists: The Role of Self-Efficacy. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801205190. [PMID: 38175805 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for ensuring optimal quality care and obtaining positive outcome in treatment. Occupational therapists generally hold positive attitudes toward EBP; however, EBP is not always fully implemented. OBJECTIVE To explore the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between implementing EBP and burnout among occupational therapists. DESIGN A cross sectional study. SETTING Data were collected through social media and WhatsApp groups using an online survey accessible through Qualtrics, a secured web-based data collection system; responses were anonymous. PARTICIPANTS The final sample consisted of 261 female Israeli occupational therapists (ages 24-65 yr, with 1-40 yr of clinical experience). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The following questionnaires assessed EBP implementation, burnout, and self-efficacy, respectively: the EBP Implementation Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Occupational Therapy Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Demographic data were also collected. RESULTS EBP implementation was low (0-43 points out of a maximum 72 points), moderate levels of burnout and high levels of self-efficacy were reported. Significant associations with medium effect sizes were found between EBP implementation and burnout: the higher the levels of EBP implementation, the lower the levels of burnout frequency and intensity. Moreover, self-efficacy mediated these relationships. EBP implementation was related to elevated self-efficacy, which, in turn, was associated with lower burnout. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE EBP implementation may serve as an important tool to limit burnout among occupational therapists by fostering their trust in their ability to handle clinical challenges. Further research is needed. Plain-Language Summary: This study explored implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) and its relationships to burnout and work-related self-efficacy among occupational therapists. The study found that self-efficacy mediated the relationships between implementing EBP and burnout. Implementing EBP was associated with higher self-efficacy, which, in turn, was associated with lower burnout among occupational therapists.
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Taule T, Hellem I, Smith Eide I, Gjelvik K, Hinderaker LE, Kjeken I, Rolfsnes-Flock B, Hustoft M. A survey of research involvement and priorities among occupational therapists in Norway. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2273271. [PMID: 37874688 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2273271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement in research and shared priorities among occupational therapists (OTs) can enhance the quality of occupational therapy practice. AIMS To explore the research involvement and research priorities of OTs in Norway. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey comprising 14 open-ended and closed questions was made available to participants at the Seventh Norwegian Congress in Occupational Therapy to fill out. RESULTS Out of 633 congress participants, 307 (49%) OTs completed the survey. Among the respondents, ∼40% were involved in research. The most commonly reported area of research was rehabilitation. Research involvement was associated with employment in education or specialist healthcare services and with greater work experience and post-bachelor's degree education. The most frequently prioritized research question addressed the effect of occupational therapy. Unmet needs and factors conducive to increasing OT's involvement in research were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The survey revealed that a considerable, but uneven, distribution of OTs were involved in research. To encourage greater participation in research, researchers, decision-makers, and employee associations should take steps to make research more appealing to OTs. The research priorities highlighted by Norwegian OTs align with those stated by OTs in other countries.
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Poh JXY, Chan KH, Tan SSL, Xu T. Occupational therapists' perceptions of the feasibility of using tele-assessment for remote prescription of assistive devices in Singapore: A qualitative study. Work 2024; 77:1153-1163. [PMID: 38007633 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational therapists (OT) assess and prescribe assistive devices to older adults with limitations in performing daily living activities. Timely prescription of assistive devices to accommodate the rising demand has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Tele-assessment allows for continuity of care, but its success depends on therapists' acceptance. OBJECTIVE This study examined OTs' perceptions of the feasibility of conducting tele-assessment and developing a clinical practice guideline for remote prescription of assistive devices for older adults in Singapore. METHODS Eligible OTs were recruited from purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via a virtual platform (Zoom). Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis using a line-by-line coding method was used to identify common trends. RESULTS Interviews with 10 participants revealed three main themes: (1) therapists' perceptions of the feasibility of tele-assessment, (2) criteria for safe and appropriate prescription of assistive devices via tele-assessment, and (3) practical considerations for the implementation of tele-assessment. Participants felt that tele-assessment increases efficiency with more older adults being more receptive towards technology. They also raised suggestions to address OTs' concerns regarding the safety and accuracy prescription of assistive devices following tele-assessment. This included establishing the client's suitability for assistive device prescription, characteristics of assistive devices, resources required, and considering the preferences of stakeholders involved. CONCLUSION Tele-assessment for assistive device prescription by OTs appears feasible in Singapore. OTs should consider collaborating with other stakeholders to develop a tele-assessment clinical practice guideline for assistive device prescription. Further studies testing its clinical effectiveness during and/or post-pandemic are warranted.
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Humble A, Yu ML, Brown T. Association between parent-proxy-reported and child-self-reported perceptions of children's motor competence and children's performance-based motor skill abilities. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2274883. [PMID: 37918007 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2274883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When assessing motor skills, occupational therapists are encouraged to seek the perspectives of children and their parents to promote the delivery of client-centered care. AIM To investigate whether 9-12-year-old children's views and their parents' proxy views of the children's motor skill competence and their performance on a standardized, performance-based assessment are associated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty 9-12-year-old children completed the Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood (PMC-C) and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence - version 2 (PMSC-2), while their parents completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition Checklist (MABC-2 Checklist). Children's objective motor skills were measured by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2nd Edition (BOT-2). Spearman's rho correlations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Significant associations were found between the BOT-2 total motor composite and the PMC-C. A significant association was found between the MABC-2 Checklist and the BOT-2 Strength and Agility composite, as well as the PMC-C total score. SIGNIFICANCE AND CONCLUSIONS Occupational therapists are encouraged to include children and their parents in the therapeutic process to capture individual perspectives and deliver client-centered care.
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Motoya I, Tanabe S, Hirakawa Y, Iwai M, Takeda K, Koyama S, Kanada Y, Kawamura N, Kawamura M, Sakurai H. Changes in rehabilitation students' clinical placement and clinical competence at graduation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study. Work 2024; 78:267-277. [PMID: 38848158 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected physical and occupational therapist education in various ways. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the pandemic changed clinical placement, thus influencing the clinical competence of physical and occupational therapists at a hospital in Japan. METHODS Eleven therapists (seven physical and four occupational) participated in this study in April 2021. Clinical placement teaching methods were surveyed using an online questionnaire. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), comprising attitudinal and technical items, was used to examine clinical competence. The results were calculated as the sum of the attitudinal and technical scores, and the ratios of these scores to the full score were compared using a paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS During the pandemic, some schools implemented shortened practical clinical placements. The substituted classes included online-only classes and combined online and face-to-face classes. Regarding clinical competence, scores on the OSCE were mostly high. The median proportion of the total attitudinal score to the perfect score was 100% for all three items (range-of-motion test, muscle strength test, Stroke Impairment Assessment Set). The median proportion of the total technical score to the perfect score ranged from 56.7% to 76.7% for the three items. The ratio of the total attitudinal score to the full score was significantly higher than that of the total technical score to the full score (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most clinical placements were canceled or partially administered through online learning during the pandemic. This decrease in clinical placements did not affect newly recruited physical and occupational therapists' clinical competence.
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Ochoa L, Skubik-Peplaski C. Occupational Therapists' Beliefs and Experiences Managing Chronic Pain, Wellness, and Occupational Performance. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:139-147. [PMID: 37114718 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231164945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disease prevention, health, and wellness have become primary practice areas for occupational therapy. Occupational therapists (OTs) in pain rehabilitation are established as essential members of comprehensive and multidisciplinary pain management teams, focusing on increasing occupational performance through participation. This study's purpose was to investigate OTs' experiences managing chronic pain and to explore OTs' effectiveness in supporting clients' wellness and occupational performance through interventions. Eleven OTs (n = 11) participated with three themes emerging on chronic pain, interventions, and holistic teams. Findings suggest that OTs are successful at treating chronic pain, supporting wellness and occupational performance when their interventions are health-promoting, and clients are enabled to take an active role in their chronic pain management. This study demonstrates the critical impact OTs can have in multidisciplinary teams on clients' outcomes, such as increased occupational performance, wellness, and quality of life (QOL) through engagement in meaningful occupations.
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Hrdlicka HC, Meise E, Corbett J, Meyer A, Grevelding P. Content Validity Testing of a Novel Cognitive Screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT-Cog), to Improve Inpatient Occupational Therapy Treatment Planning. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801345020. [PMID: 38165222 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE No single cognitive screen adequately captures all cognitive domains that are important for inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning. OBJECTIVE To quantify the content validity of a novel 22-item cognitive screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT-Cog) screen, developed to better inform inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning. DESIGN Delphi-style expert panel review. SETTING Long-term acute care hospital. PARTICIPANTS The first panel was attended by four occupational therapists, two speech-language pathologists, one physician assistant, and two neuropsychologists; the second, by four occupational therapists, one speech-language pathologist, and one physician assistant. INTERVENTION Each Delphi panel discussed the relevance, essentiality, and clarity of each item. After each discussion, panelists completed a content validity survey to summarize their evaluation of each item. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES On the basis of panelists' survey responses, item- and scale-level relevance, essentiality, and clarity were quantified by calculating the respective content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and content clarity index (CCI). Universal agreement (UA) and κ statistics were also calculated, as appropriate. RESULTS Upon presenting the initial 23-item instrument covering 10 cognitive domains to the first Delphi panel, several questions were added, removed, or rewritten, resulting in a 22-item instrument representing nine domains. After the second panel, several questions were again rewritten, and the domains reorganized. All scale-level metrics improved, including CVI (from 0.87 to 1.0), UA (0.52 to 1.0), CVR (0.43 to 0.94), and CCI (2.26 to 2.92). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE GOT-Cog displays overall excellent content validity and can proceed to construct validity testing. Plain-Language Summary: By reporting on the content validity of the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive screen, this brief report begins the necessary process of evaluating the measure's overall validity and reliability.
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Jasem ZA. Profile of paediatric occupational therapy practice in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2342536. [PMID: 38631391 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2342536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric occupational therapy (OT) is considered the largest practice area in OT in several regions, including the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) countries. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to establish a profile of paediatric occupational therapists in EM countries to identify theoretical models, assessments and interventions employed. It also investigated the therapists' usage of evidence-based practice in their practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire which was distributed electronically to occupational therapists working with children. RESULTS The participants included 118 therapists. Majority of the participants were working at rehabilitation centres. The primary client groups were pre- and school-age children with autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy. The most frequently used assessments were sensory-related tools. Activities of daily living and play were the most often targeted interventional area. Participants highlighted some of the challenges faced in implementing evidence in their practice. CONCLUSION Paediatric occupational therapists are usually exposed to specific age groups and conditions. However, a lack of knowledge practice in some areas and challenges in others exist. SIGNIFICANCE Within the EM region, knowledge regarding therapists' practices is lacking. Actions should be taken to improve current practice and meet the current needs of clients, and utilise evidence-based practices.
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Turcotte PL, Holmes D. The shadow side of occupational therapy: Necropower, state racism and colonialism. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2264330. [PMID: 37783208 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2264330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Global North, advances in occupational therapy benefitted unduly from the oppression, disablement and suffering of thousands of people in the South (and beyond). To prevent the recurrence of these injustices, history must be unveiled and occupational therapists urged to come to terms with their own involvement and responsibility. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD Utilising Achille Mbembe's concept of necropolitics, this academic essay blends select historical and philosophical perspectives to explore occupational therapy's concealed role in manifestations of institutionalised violence. RESULTS By examining its roles in World War II and France's colonisation of Algeria, we make visible the development of occupational therapy's distinct 'shadow side'. In Nazi Germany's Euthanasia Programme, it became a tool for identifying which lives were deemed 'worthy of living' and which were not, which indirectly contributed to the killing of 200,000 disabled persons. Under France's colonial medical system, occupational therapy imposed Western standards that alienated and completely depersonalised Algerian patients. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE Entrenched in a (bio)economy that has endured beyond these events, occupational therapists must exercise vigilance, remaining mindful of the potential to unintentionally overlook individuals labelled as 'unproductive'. This requires confronting the profession's assumptions of inherent 'goodness' and acknowledging and addressing its shadow side.
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Kokorelias KM, Singh H, Thompson AN, Nesbitt AE, Shiers-Hanley JE, Nelson MLA, Hitzig SL. Occupational Therapists in Patient Navigation: A Scoping Review of the Literature. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:117-127. [PMID: 37070245 PMCID: PMC10676038 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231161283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This review seeks to understand the literature on patient navigator programs (PNPs) that employ occupational therapists (OTs), including the role (conceptualization), functions (operationalization) of OTs who work as patient navigators (PNs) and the settings and populations they serve. This review also mapped the role of PNs to the 2021 Competencies for Occupational Therapists in Canada. Scoping review methodology by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) was employed. Data were analyzed thematically and numerically to identify frequent patterns. Ten articles were included. Within PNPs, OTs worked in hospitals and communities, but their role was rarely well-defined. Five competency domains (i.e., communication and collaboration, culture, equity and justice, excellence in practice, professional responsibility, and engagement with the profession) were evident in existing PNPs that included OTs. This review supports the increasing interest in OTs as PNs by demonstrating the alignment between the OT competencies and roles and functions of OTs working within PNPs.
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Hoh JE, Borich MR, Kesar TM, Reisman DS, Semrau JA. Limitations in utilization and prioritization of standardized somatosensory assessments after stroke: A cross-sectional survey of neurorehabilitation clinicians. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:29-43. [PMID: 37061928 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Somatosensory impairments are common after stroke, but receive limited evaluation and intervention during neurorehabilitation, despite negatively impacting functional movement and recovery. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to understand the scope of somatosensory assessments used by clinicians in stroke rehabilitation, and barriers to increasing use in clinical practice. METHODS An electronic survey was distributed to clinicians (physical therapists, occupational therapists, physicians, and nurses) who assessed at least one individual with stroke in the past 6 months. The survey included questions on evaluation procedures, type, and use of somatosensory assessments, as well as barriers and facilitators in clinical practice. RESULTS Clinicians (N = 431) indicated greater familiarity with non-standardized assessments, and greater utilization compared to standardized assessments (p < 0.0001). Components of tactile sensation were the most commonly assessed modality of somatosensation (25%), while proprioception was rarely assessed (1%). Overall, assessments of motor function were prioritized over assessments of somatosensory function (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Respondents reported assessing somatosensation less frequently than motor function and demonstrated a reliance on rapid and coarse non-standardized assessments that ineffectively capture multi-modal somatosensory impairments, particularly for proprioceptive deficits common post-stroke. In general, clinicians were not familiar with standardized somatosensory assessments, and this knowledge gap likely contributes to lack of translation of these assessments into practice. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians utilize somatosensory assessments that inadequately capture the multi-modal nature of somatosensory impairments in stroke survivors. Addressing barriers to clinical translation has the potential to increase utilization of standardized assessments to improve the characterization of somatosensory deficits that inform clinical decision-making toward enhancing stroke rehabilitation outcomes.
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Goldberg M, Rushton P, Kirby RL, Muñera S, Kandavel K, Pearlman J, Tawashy A. Wheelchair service provision content in professional rehabilitation organisations' standards documents and contemporary initiatives: a rapid review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:78-89. [PMID: 35446737 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2063421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to identify opportunities, challenges, contemporary initiatives and strategies for preparing entry-level practitioners who are competent at the basic level of wheelchair service provision across four key international professional rehabilitation organisations as revealed by their educational standards, relevant guidelines and policy statements, and other publicly available information. METHOD A rapid review was conducted in 2021 from the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM), the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), World Physiotherapy, and the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). Additional grey-literature and grey-data searches were conducted to identify contemporary initiatives that may support competency development in wheelchair service provision. RESULTS A total of 17 standards, guidelines, and policy statement documents were selected for detailed review. Each of the four organisations published at least one document containing language relating to wheelchair service provision. Twelve contemporary initiatives relating to wheelchair service provision were identified from the grey literature across the four organisations. Six additional initiatives were identified from the organisations' social media accounts. Themes emerged in the areas of contemporary content, opportunities, and challenges. CONCLUSION Global standardisation could help harmonise professional societies' approach to training wheelchair service providers.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThere is a need to provide more descriptive content on wheelchair service provision in education and service standards and related documents to influence what is taught in professional rehabilitation programs that are accredited or approved by professional rehabilitation organisations.The organisations' networks are vast and may also help to promote additional continuing education in this area.
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Österholm J, Larsson Ranada Å. Occupational therapists' experiences of working with people with dementia: a qualitative study. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2305253. [PMID: 38277243 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2305253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is an age-related disease associated with complex health and care needs. Due to demographical shifts, the number of older people with dementia is forecasted to increase. Occupational therapists encounter people with dementia in their daily work, yet little is known about their experience of working with people with dementia. AIM/OBJECTIVES To explore occupational therapist's experiences of working with people with dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten occupational therapists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The results are presented in five different themes: Working with persons who do not recognise decline in their abilities; Saving-face of the person in assessment situations; Facilitating continued engagement in everyday activities; Utilising information provided by care staff; Balancing different preferences on how to proceed. CONCLUSION Occupational therapists perceive a need in their work to employ various face-saving strategies and facilitate engagement in everyday activities. The results are exploratory and additionally research is needed to understand the therapists' experiences of working with persons with dementia. SIGNIFICANCE Everyday activities should be tailored to the person's abilities, with an emphasis on facilitating the person in carrying them out rather than the social environment taking them over.
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Barchéus IM, Ranner M, Månsson Lexell E, Larsson-Lund M. Occupational therapists' experiences of using a new internet-based intervention - a focus group study. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2247029. [PMID: 37708913 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2247029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is limited about how the introduction of new ways of delivering and conducting occupational therapy, in accordance with expected changes in health care, is experienced by occupational therapists (OTs). AIM To explore how OTs experienced use of a new internet-based intervention, 'Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life' (SEE), focusing on supporting client resources to manage an active everyday life after stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS A focus group study with periodical repeated discussion was designed. Four sessions during a period of 22 months were conducted with a total of four OTs. RESULT Overall, the results reflected that the OTs experienced that the use of SEE for persons with stroke was a valuable complement to existing rehabilitation. The process of introducing SEE included a multifaceted transition involving context, intervention process and delivery that renewed occupational therapy. CONCLUSION These results indicate how the use of new internet-based interventions such as SEE can influence and support renewal of occupational therapy that extends beyond the particular intervention. Continued research is needed to explore more aspects of SEE feasibility.
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