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Poggio S, Aguilar C, Osorio A, González-Pedrajo B, Dreyfus G, Camarena L. sigma(54) Promoters control expression of genes encoding the hook and basal body complex in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:5787-92. [PMID: 11004178 PMCID: PMC94701 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.20.5787-5792.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression of the flagellar system is tightly controlled by external stimuli or intracellular signals. A general picture of this regulation has been obtained from studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. However, these regulatory mechanisms do not apply to all bacterial groups. In this study, we have investigated regulation of the flagellar genetic system in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Deletion analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and 5'-end mapping were conducted in order to identify the fliO promoter. Our results indicate that this promoter is recognized by the factor sigma(54). Additionally, 5'-end mapping of the flgB and fliK transcripts suggests that these mRNAs are also transcribed from sigma(54) promoters. Finally, we showed evidence that suggests that fliC transcription is not entirely dependent on the presence of a complete basal body-hook structure. Our results are discussed in the context of a possible regulatory hierarchy controlling flagellar gene expression in R. sphaeroides.
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Packer HL, Armitage JP. Inverted behavioural responses in wild-type Rhodobacter sphaeroides to temporal stimuli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 189:299-304. [PMID: 10930755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both aerobically and photosynthetically grown wild-type Rhodobacter sphaeroides swarmed through soft nutrient agar. However, individual aerobically and photosynthetically grown tethered cells showed different responses to steps in concentrations of some attractants. Photosynthetically grown cells showed little response to a step-up in attractant, but large response to a step-down. Aerobically grown cells showed a large but opposite response to a step-up of chemoeffectors such as succinate and aspartate. The responses in che operon deletion mutants were also investigated and indicated that the aerobic response may depend on the protein products of che operon 1.
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Tapias A, Campoy S, Barbé J. Analysis of the expression of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides lexA gene. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 2000; 263:957-65. [PMID: 10954081 DOI: 10.1007/pl00008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides lexA gene has been analyzed using both gel-mobility experiments and lacZ gene fusions. PCR-mediated mutagenesis demonstrated that the second GAAC motif in the sequence GAACN7GAACN7GAAC located upstream of the R. sphaeroides lexA gene is absolutely necessary for its DNA damage-mediated induction. Moreover, mutagenesis of either the first or the third GAAC motif in this sequence reduced, but did not abolish, the inducibility of the R. sphaeroides lexA gene. A R. sphaeroides lexA-defective (Def) mutant has also been constructed by replacing the active lexA gene with an inactivated gene copy constructed in vitro. Crude extracts of the R. sphaeroides lexA(Def) strain are unable to form any protein-DNA complex when added to the wild-type lexA promoter of R. sphaeroides. Likewise, the R. sphaeroides lexA(Def) cells constitutively express the recA and lexA genes. All these data clearly indicate that the lexA gene product is the negative regulator of the R. sphaeroides SOS response. Furthermore, the morphology, growth and viability of R. sphaeroides lexA(Def) cultures do not show any significant change relative to those of the wild-type strain. Hence, R. sphaeroides is so far the only bacterial species whose viability is known not to be affected by the presence of a lexA(Def) mutation.
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Francia F, Wang J, Venturoli G, Melandri BA, Barz WP, Oesterhelt D. The reaction center-LH1 antenna complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides contains one PufX molecule which is involved in dimerization of this complex. Biochemistry 1999; 38:6834-45. [PMID: 10346905 DOI: 10.1021/bi982891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The PufX membrane protein is essential for photosynthetic growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild-type cells. PufX is associated with the reaction center-light harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) core complex and plays a key role in lateral ubiquinone/ubiquinol transfer. We have determined the PufX/RC stoichiometry by quantitative Western blot analysis and RC photobleaching. Independent of copy number effects and growth conditions, one PufX molecule per RC was observed in native membranes as well as in detergent-solubilized RC-LH1 complexes which had been purified over sucrose gradients. Surprisingly, two gradient bands with significantly different sedimentation coefficients were found to have a similar subunit composition, as judged by absorption spectroscopy and protein gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration chromatography and electron microscopy revealed that these membrane complexes represent a monomeric and a dimeric form of the RC-LH1 complex. Since PufX is strictly required for the isolation of dimeric core complexes, we suggest that PufX has a central structural role in forming dimeric RC-LH1 complexes, thus allowing efficient ubiquinone/ubiquinol exchange through the LH1 ring surrounding the RC.
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Ward MJ, Bell AW, Hamblin PA, Packer HL, Armitage JP. Identification of a chemotaxis operon with two cheY genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Mol Microbiol 1995; 17:357-66. [PMID: 7494484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17020357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A large chemotaxis operon was identified in Rhodobacter sphaeroides WS8-N using a probe based on the 3' terminal portion of the Rhizobium meliloti cheA gene. Two genes homologous to the enteric cheY were identified in an operon also containing cheA, cheW, and cheR homologues. The deduced protein sequences of che gene products were aligned with those from Escherichia coli and shown to be highly conserved. A mutant with an interrupted copy of cheA showed normal patterns of swimming, unlike the equivalent mutants in E. coli which are smooth swimming. Tethered cheA mutant cells showed normal responses to changes in organic acids, but increased, inverted responses to sugars. The unusual behaviour of the cheA mutant and the identification of two homologues of cheY suggests that R. sphaeroides has at least two pathways controlling motor activity. To identify functional similarity between the newly identified R. sphaeroides Che pathway and the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP)-dependent pathway in enteric bacteria, the R. sphaeroides cheW gene was expressed in a cheW mutant strain of E. coli and found to complement, causing a partial return to a swarming phenotype. In addition, expression of the R. sphaeroides gene in wild-type E. coli resulted in the same increased tumbling and reduced swarming as seen when the native gene is overexpressed in E. coli. The identification of che homologues in R. sphaeroides and complementation by cheW suggests the presence of MCPs in an organism previously considered to use only MCP-independent sensing. The MCP-dependent pathway, appears conserved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Edelman J, White SH. Linear optimization of predictors for secondary structure. Application to transbilayer segments of membrane proteins. J Mol Biol 1989; 210:195-209. [PMID: 2685329 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sliding-window averaging of amino acid properties is a standard method for predicting protein secondary structure. For example, transmembrane segments are predicted to occur near the peaks in a hydropathy plot of a membrane protein. Such a scheme (linear convolutional recognizer, LCR) assigns a number (weight) to each type of monomer, and then convolutes some window function with the sequence of weights. The window has commonly been rectangular, and the weights derived from singlet amino acid frequencies in proteins of known secondary structure or from physical properties of amino acids. The accuracy of the windows and weights have remained unknown. We use linear optimization theory to develop a general method for approximating the optimal window and weights for a LCR. The method assumes that one knows the sequences of one or more chains and the locations of their "features", regions having the secondary structure of interest. We present formulae for quantifying the accuracy of predictors. We show why the optimal LCR is more accurate than methods based on the differences between singlet monomer frequencies inside and outside features. The advantage of an optimal LCR is that its weights inherently include correlations between nearby monomer positions. The optimal predictor is not perfect though. We argue that its inaccuracy is an intrinsic limitation of linear predictors based on monomer weights. As a practical example, we study predictors for transbilayer segments of membrane proteins. We estimate the optimal weights and windows for the two bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers whose three-dimensional structures are known. The resultant LCR, which is more accurate than previous ones, is still inexact. We apply it to bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin. Several non-linear generalizations are examined as possible improvements to the LCR method: non-linear combinations of linear predictors and windowed Fourier transforms of the weight sequences. The former do not significantly increase the accuracy, while the latter reveal a weak negative correlation between the segments and periodic variations of the weights.
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Lueking DR, Campbell TB, Burghardt RC. Light-induced division and genomic synchrony in phototrophically growing cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. J Bacteriol 1981; 146:790-7. [PMID: 7012139 PMCID: PMC217026 DOI: 10.1128/jb.146.2.790-797.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An experimental procedure for rapidly obtaining cell populations of phototrophically growing Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides which display division and genomic synchrony has been developed. The basis of the procedure resides with the normal physiological response displayed by cells of R. sphaeroides that have been subjected to an immediate decrease in incident light intensity. After an abrupt high- to low-light transition of an asynchronously dividing cell population, an immediate cessation of increases in culture turbidity, total cell number, and net accumulations of culture deoxyribonucleic acid and phospholipid occurs. Total cell number remains constant for 2.5 h after the transition to low light, after which time, it undergoes a sharp increase. Reinitiation of high-light conditions of growth 1 h subsequent to this increase in total cell number results in a cell population possessing a high degree of division and genomic synchrony. A characterization of this procedure, together with a demonstration of its utility for studies on intracytoplasmic membrane assembly, is presented.
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Cain BD, Deal CD, Fraley RT, Kaplan S. In vivo intermembrane transfer of phospholipids in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. J Bacteriol 1981; 145:1154-66. [PMID: 6970743 PMCID: PMC217116 DOI: 10.1128/jb.145.3.1154-1166.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of accumulation of phospholipids into the intracytoplasmic membrane of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been examined. We have previously demonstrated that accumulation of phospholipids in the intracytoplasmic membrane is discontinuous with respect to the cell cycle. In this study we demonstrated a sevenfold increase in the rate of phospholipid incorporation into the intracytoplasmic membrane concurrent with the onset of cell division. Pulse-chase labeling studies revealed that the increase in the rate of phospholipid accumulation into the intracytoplasmic membrane results from the transfer of phospholipid from a site other than the intracytoplasmic membrane, and that the transfer of phospholipid, rather than synthesis of phospholipid, is most likely subject to cell cycle-specific regulation. The rates of synthesis of the individual phospholipid species (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyglycerol, and an unknown phospholipid) remained constant with respect to one another throughout the cell cycle. Similarly, each of these phospholipid species appeared to be transferred simultaneously to the intracytoplasmic membrane. We also present preliminary kinetic evidence which suggested that phosphatidylethanolamine may be converted to phosphatidycholine within the intracytoplasmic membrane.
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Fraley RT, Lueking DR, Kaplan S. The relationship of intracytoplasmic membrane assembly to the cell division cycle in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:1980-6. [PMID: 311360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Matsuura K, Nishimura M. Diffusion-potential-induced oxidation and reduction of cytochromes in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. J Biochem 1978; 84:539-46. [PMID: 214426 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A membrane potential jump was induced by the addition of valinomycin in the presence of a KCl concentration gradient across the membrane of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores. As well as a carotenoid band shift, which is known to be an indicator of membrane potential, absorbance changes due to the oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochromes accompanied the jump. Under aerobic conditions with no reductant added, a part of cytochrome c2 was reduced by an inside-positive potential jump of about 100 mV in the time range of tens of seconds. This can be explained by the location of the cytochrome on the inner side of the chromatophore membrane and electrophoretic flow of electrons across the membrane. On the other hand, in the presence of 1 mM ascorbate, a similar jump of membrane potential induced a rapid oxidation of cytochrome c2 and a subsequent reduction. A rapid reduction of b-type cytochrome was also observed. Antimycin A inhibited the c2 oxidation, but did not inhibit the b reduction. The oxidation of cytochrome c2 may be explained by a diffusion-potential-induced electron flow to cytochrome b and a simultaneous electron donation by cytochrome b and cytochrome c2 to a common electron acceptor, possibly a quinone.
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Rafferty CN, Clayton RK. Properties of reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in dried gelatin films. Linear dichroism and low temperature spectra. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 502:51-60. [PMID: 305788 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Guillotin J, Reiss-Husson F. Cytoplasmic and outer membranes separation in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Arch Microbiol 1975; 105:269-75. [PMID: 1081384 DOI: 10.1007/bf00447146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A cell envelope fraction had been prepared after mechanical disruption of lysozyme-EDTA spheroplasts from depigmented Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (aerobically grown in the light). On linear sucrose gradients this fraction can be separated in a cytoplasmic membrane fraction and an outer membrane fraction. The cytoplasmic fraction (buoyant density: 1.18 g/cm3) has been characterized by its succinic dehydrogenase activity and by its composition. The outer membrane fraction (buoyant density: 1.21 g/cm3) does not contain any respiratory activity nor hemoproteins. The same fractionation has been done on cells repigmented in the dark by lowering the O2 pressure. In that case the same two fractions have been detected in addition to the chromatophore fraction (buoyant density: 1.14 g/cm3). However both, and specially the outer membrane fraction, were contaminated by chromatophore material.
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38
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Cogdell RJ, Brune DC, Clayton RK. Effects of extraction and replacement of ubiquinone upon the photochemical activity of reaction centers and chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas spheriodes. FEBS Lett 1974; 45:344-7. [PMID: 4547199 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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39
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Jones OT, Plewis KM. Reconstitution of light-dependent electron transport in membranes from a bacteriochlorophyll-less mutant of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 357:204-14. [PMID: 4153913 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Breton J. The state of chlorophyll and carotenoid in vivo. II. A linear dichroism study of pigment orientation in photosynthetic bacteria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 59:1011-7. [PMID: 4547333 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Takemoto J. Kinetics of photosynthetic membrane protein assembly in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 163:515-20. [PMID: 4547239 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Takemoto J, Lascelles J. Function of membrane proteins coupled to bacteriochlorophyll synthesis. Studies with wild type and mutant strains of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 163:507-14. [PMID: 4547213 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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43
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Leigh JS, Dutton PL. Reaction center bacteriochlorophyll triplet states: redox potential dependence and kinetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 357:67-77. [PMID: 4370313 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Prince RC, Crofts AR, Steinrauf LK. A comparison of beauvericin, enniatin and valinomycin as calcium transporting agents in liposomes and chromatophores. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 59:697-703. [PMID: 4546705 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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45
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Cogdell RJ, Crofts AR. H+ uptake by chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. The relation between rapid H+ uptake and the H+ pump. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 347:264-72. [PMID: 4546206 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Jolchine G, Reiss-Husson F. Comparative studies on two reaction center preparations from Rhodopseudomonas speheroides Y. FEBS Lett 1974; 40:5-8. [PMID: 4546760 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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Pape EH, Menke W, Weick D, Hosemann R. Small angle x-ray scattering of the thylakoid membranes of Rhodopseudomonas speroides in aqueous suspensions. Biophys J 1974; 14:221-32. [PMID: 4545071 PMCID: PMC1334497 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(74)85909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffraction patterns of particles which have the shape of hollow spheres, i.e. vesicles, can be satisfactorily analyzed by means of a new formula of Weick (1974). This formula is used for the small angle X-ray scattering analysis of aqueous suspensions of thylakoids of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Some essential results are: (a) The membrane has a rather asymmetric structure with one layer of low electron density at its inner side and two layers of high electron density near the outer surface of the thylakoids. (b) The distance of the electron density maxima of the latter two layers is 45 +/- 5 A. (c) Between the two maxima is a region of an electron density nearly equal to that of water. (d) The sequence of the peaks is - + 0 + with increasing radius. The peaks extend over an interval of 120 +/- 10 A. (e) The thylakoids are strikingly of the same size. Their diameters, if defined by the outmost layer, vary statistically by about 4% and have an average value of approximately 640 A.
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Fanica-Gaignier M, Clément-Métral J. Cellular compartmentation of two species of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in a facultative photohetero-trophic bacterium (Rps. spheroides Y.). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 55:610-5. [PMID: 4543401 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hall RL, Kung MC, Fu M, Hales BJ, Loach PA. Comparison of phototrap complexes from chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, and the R-26 mutant of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Photochem Photobiol 1973; 18:505-20. [PMID: 4204253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1973.tb06456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Berger TJ, Orlando JA. Purification and some properties of a protein factor required for light-dependent transhydrogenase in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 159:25-31. [PMID: 4150340 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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