501
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Zhou W, Feng MQ, Li JY, Zhou P. Studies on the preparation, crystal structure and bioactivity of ginsenoside compound K. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:519-27. [PMID: 16931427 DOI: 10.1080/10286020500208600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of Panaxnotoginseng saponins (PNS) using Aspergillus niger afforded, as the main metabolite, ginsenoside compound K (20-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol). Its structure was determined spectroscopically and by X-ray analysis, and this is the first time the crystal structure of ginsenoside has been reported. In comparison with ginsenoside Rb1, the pro-drug for this metabolite, compound K exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. The mean concentrations of compound K needed to inhibit the proliferation of cells by 50% (IC50) were 12.7, 11.4, 8.5 and 9.7 microM for mouse high-metastatic melanoma (B16-BL6), human hepatoma (HepG2), human myeloid leukemia (K562) and human high-metastatic lung carcinoma (95-D) cell lines, respectively. The data show that ginsenoside compound K is a good antitumor drug candidate.
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502
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang R, Zhou W, Li S. Grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine onto poly(vinyl alcohol) initiated by potassium diperiodatocuprate(III). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090406070049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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503
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Zhou W, Grandis JR, Wells A. STAT3 is required but not sufficient for EGF receptor-mediated migration and invasion of human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:164-71. [PMID: 16804520 PMCID: PMC2360627 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor-induced migration is a rate-limiting step in tumour invasiveness. The molecules that regulate this cellular behaviour would represent novel targets for limiting tumour cell progression. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)-mediated motility, present in both autocrine and paracrine modes in prostate carcinomas, requires de novo transcription to persist over times greater than a few hours. Therefore, we sought to define specific signalling pathways that directly alter cellular transcription. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated, as determined by electrophoretic motility shift assays, by EGFR in DU145 and PC3 human prostate carcinoma cells in addition to the motility model NR6 fibroblast cell line. Inhibition of STAT3 activity by antisense or siRNA downregulation or expression of a dominant-negative construct limited cell motility as determined by an in vitro wound healing assay and invasiveness through a extracellular matrix barrier. The expression of constitutively activated STAT3 did not increase the migration, which indicates that STAT3 is necessary but not sufficient for EGFR-mediated migration. These findings suggest that STAT3 signalling may be a new target for limiting prostate tumour cell invasion. In a microarray gene analysis of what transcription units are altered by EGF in a STAT3-dependent manner we found that the expression of motility-limiting VASP protein and the apoptosis nexus caspase 3 were both downregulated upon EGF exposure. These findings suggest a molecular basis for the STAT3 dependence of EGFR-mediated prostate tumour progression.
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504
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Suk Heist R, Zhou W, Cogan-Drew T, Liu G, Su L, Neuberg D, Lynch TJ, Wain JC, Christiani DC. MDM2 polymorphism and recurrence-free and overall survival in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7221 Background: MDM2 is a negative regulator of p53. A T->G polymorphism in the promoter region of MDM2 has been described, where the G/G genotype is associated with higher MDM2 mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of MDM2 is thought to interfere with p53-mediated apoptosis and growth inhibition, leading to cancer progression. We hypothesized that the MDM2 G/G genotype may be associated with worse survival outcomes in early stage lung cancer. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between MDM2 polymorphism status and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) among 385 Stage I and II NSCLC patients treated with surgical resection at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1992 to 2000. The MDM2 polymorphism was genotyped using the 5’-nuclease assay (Taqman). Kaplan-Meier methods and the log-rank test were used to compare survival by polymorphism status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for possible confounding variables. Results: Median age was 69, and 48% were female. 52% were Stage IA, 29% Stage IB, 4% Stage IIA, and 15% Stage IIB. 49% had adenocarcinoma, 29% squamous cell, 12% BAC, and 10% other NSCLC. The genotype frequencies for the MDM2 polymorphism were: T/T 161 (42%), T/G 156 (40%), G/G 68 (18%). Genotype was not associated with age, sex, stage, histology, or smoking status. Median follow-up time was 5.79 years. After adjusting for age, sex, stage, histology, and pack-yrs of smoking, the G/G genotype appeared to be associated with worse RFS and OS (AHR 1.60 (95% CI 1.10–2.34), p = 0.01; AHR 1.56 (95% CI 1.03–2.38), p = 0.04; respectively). In subset analysis, patients with squamous cell cancer and current-smokers had significantly worse survival with the G/G genotype, while there was no significant difference by genotype among adenocarcinomas and non-current smokers. (For squamous cell, 5-yr OS for T/T 59%, T/G 52%, G/G 7%, p = 0.0001; for current smokers, 5-yr OS for T/T 67%, T/G 49%, G/G 27%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the G/G genotype of the MDM2 polymorphism is associated with worse survival among early stage NSCLC patients, particularly those with squamous cell histology and current smokers. Supported by NIH grants CA074386, CA092824, CA090578, FAMRI Young Clinical Scientist Award, Doris Duke Foundation. [Table: see text]
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505
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Jiang LQ, Feng X, Zhou W, Knyazev PG, Ullrich A, Chen Z. Csk-binding protein (Cbp) negatively regulates epidermal growth factor-induced cell transformation by controlling Src activation. Oncogene 2006; 25:5495-506. [PMID: 16636672 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Src tyrosine kinase cooperate in regulating EGFR-mediated cell signaling and promoting cell transformation and tumorigenesis in pathological conditions. Activation of Src is tightly regulated by the C-terminal Src kinase (Csk). The Csk-binding protein (Cbp) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein. Its functions include suppression of T-cell receptor activation through recruiting Csk and inhibiting Src family kinase (SFK). However, a potential role of Cbp in EGF-induced cell activities has not been investigated. Here, we report that EGF-stimulation-induced Cbp tyrosine phosphorylation followed by Cbp-Csk association, in a SFK-dependent manner. Expression of wild-type (wt) Cbp remarkably suppressed EGF-induced activation of Src, ERK1/2, and Akt-1 enzymes, and NIH3T3 cell transformation, as well as colony formation of a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468) in soft agar. In contrast, expression of CbpY317F or knockdown endogenous Cbp in NIH3T3 cells by RNA interference significantly enhanced EGF-induced activation of these enzymes and cell transformation. In addition, overexpression of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)-induced Cbp tyrosine phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that Cbp functions as a negative regulator of cell transformation and tumor cell growth through downregulation of Src activation, suggesting that Cbp might be broadly involved in RTKs-activated signaling pathways and tumorigenesis.
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506
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Freed C, Zhou W. DJ-1 protects dopamine neurons by selective activation of either glutathione or heat shock protein. Exp Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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507
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Gong M, Thompson B, Williams P, Zhou W, Wang M, Pothier L, Christiani D. Interleukin-10 polymorphism in position -1082 and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:674-81. [PMID: 16585075 PMCID: PMC3090261 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00046405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The GG genotype of the interleukin (IL)-10 promoter polymorphism in position -1082 (-1082GG) has been associated with increased IL-10 production. The current authors hypothesised that the -1082GG genotype is associated with the development of, and outcomes in, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A nested case-control study was conducted in 211 Caucasian cases of ARDS and 429 controls who were admitted to an intensive care unit with sepsis, trauma, aspiration or massive transfusions. Cases were followed for organ failure and 60-day mortality. The -1082GG genotype was associated with the development of ARDS, but only in the presence of a significant interaction between the -1082GG genotype and age. Among patients with ARDS, the -1082GG genotype was associated with decreased severity of illness on admission, lower daily organ dysfunction scores and lower 60-day mortality. In conclusion, the high interleukin-10-producing -1082GG genotype may be associated with variable odds for acute respiratory distress syndrome development depending on age. Among those with acute respiratory distress syndrome, the -1082GG genotype is associated with lower mortality and organ failure. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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508
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Zhou W, Chai H, Lin P, Lumsden A, Yao Q, Chen C. Ginkgolide a attenuates homocysteine induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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509
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Mussa F, Hedayati N, Naoum J, Chen C, Bush R, Zhou W, Lumsden A, Lin P. Histological analysis of angiojet rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy in aporcine peripheral arterial model. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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510
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Kougias P, Lin PH, Bush RL, Peden EK, Zhou W, Lumsden AB. Carotid artery stenting--current status and future directions. Minerva Cardioangiol 2006; 54:69-81. [PMID: 16467743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotid endarterectomy has been the standard of therapy for carotid occlusive disease in stroke prevention. More recently, carotid angioplasty and stenting became an important alternative in the treatment of carotid occlusive disease. The widespread use of cerebral protection devices has substantially decreased the morbidity of the procedure. As the experience with carotid stenting increases, so does the enthusiasm for the potential of this minimally invasive carotid intervention to become the main treatment option for the high risk patients, as well as for the average asymptomatic patient. Although current available data indicate that the results regarding success and complication rates are similar between carotid stenting and endarterectomy, several prospective clinical trials are currently in progress to evaluate the efficacy of carotid artery stenting in different patient populations and definitively establish its role in the treatment of carotid disease. This paper reviews the current status of carotid stenting, including results from clinical trials, technical aspects and controversial issues and strategies to provide cerebral protection from embolization.
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511
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Naoum J, Silberfein E, Hedayati N, Mussa F, Bush R, Peden E, Zhou W, Lumsden A, Sweeney J, Lin P. Concomitant intraoperative splenic artery embolization and laparoscopic splenectomy. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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512
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Bixby C, Ibe B, Abdullah M, Zhou W, Longo L, Raj J. Platelet Activating Factor Plays a Significant Role in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Associated with Chronic High-Altitude Hypoxia in Ovine Fetal Lambs. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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513
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Bixby C, Ibe BO, Abdullah M, Zhou W, Longo LD, Raj JU. 160 PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN PULMONARY VASCULAR REMODELING ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HIGH-ALTITUDE HYPOXIA IN OVINE FETAL LAMBS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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514
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Spina C, Tangpricha V, Yao M, Zhou W, Wolfe MM, Maehr H, Uskokovic M, Adorini L, Holick MF. Colon cancer and solar ultraviolet B radiation and prevention and treatment of colon cancer in mice with vitamin D and its Gemini analogs. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 97:111-20. [PMID: 16154354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been recognized that people who live at higher latitudes and who are vitamin D deficient are at higher risk of dying from many common cancers including colon cancer. To evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency on colon tumor growth, Balb/c adult male mice were fed either a vitamin D sufficient or vitamin D deficient diet for 10 weeks. Mice were arranged into groups of six and each animal received subcutaneously 10(4) MC-26 cells in the posterior trunk. The tumor size was recorded daily. By day 9 there was a significant difference in tumor volume between the vitamin D sufficient and vitamin D deficient mice. By day 18 the vitamin D deficient animals had a tumor size that was 56% larger compared to the animals that were vitamin D sufficient. To determine whether treatment with active vitamin D analogs could further decrease colon tumor growth in a vitamin D sufficient state, groups of mice were treated with the novel 19-nor-Gemini compounds. The mice were fed a low calcium diet. Twenty-four hours after tumor implantation, the mice received, three times weekly, one of the vitamin D analogs or the vehicle. The group that received Gemini 1,25-dihydroxy-21(3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluoro-butynyl)-19-nor-20S-cholecalciferol (3) showed a dose-dependent decrease in tumor volume. On day 19, at the dose level of 0.02microg molar equivalents (E), the tumor volume was reduced by 41% when compared to the control group. At the same time point, the hexadeuterated analog 1,25-dihydroxy-21(3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluoro-butynyl)-26,27-hexadeutero-19-nor-20S-cholecalciferol (4), administered at the 10-fold lower dose of 0.002microgE, showed a 52% reduction in tumor volume (p<0.05), compared to the control group. Animals that received 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at 0.002 and 0.02microg showed a trend in tumor volume reduction at the highest dose but the changes were not statistically significant. An evaluation of serum calcium concentrations revealed that the calcium levels were normal in all groups, except the group receiving 0.02microgE of 4. The results from these studies demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency may accelerate colon cancer growth and that novel Gemini analogs of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be an effective new approach for colon cancer treatment.
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515
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Gong MN, Zhou W, Williams PL, Thompson BT, Pothier L, Boyce P, Christiani DC. −308GAandTNFBpolymorphisms in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:382-9. [PMID: 16135717 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The -308GA and TNFB1/2 polymorphisms of the tumour necrosis factor genes have been associated with increased susceptibility to, and mortality in sepsis, although, prior studies are not consistent. Their role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has not been evaluated. The current authors hypothesised that the -308A allele and TNFB22 genotype would be associated with increased susceptibility to, and mortality in ARDS. The above hypothesis was investigated in a nested case-control study of 441 Caucasian controls and 212 cases admitted to an intensive care unit with sepsis, trauma, aspiration or hyper-transfusions. The -308A and TNFB1 alleles were in linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphisms were not associated with ARDS susceptibility on crude analysis. On subgroup analyses, they were associated with either increased or decreased odds of developing ARDS depending on whether the clinical risk for ARDS results in direct or indirect pulmonary injury. The -308A allele was associated with increased 60-day mortality in ARDS, with the strongest association found among younger patients. There was no association between the TNFB polymorphism and ARDS mortality. The -308GA, but not the TNFB12, polymorphism was associated with increased mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome, but their association with acute respiratory distress syndrome susceptibility depended on the site of injury predisposing to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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516
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De Aguirre I, Zhong D, Zhou W, Rosell R, Vertino P. PD-008 LKB1/AMPK/TSC2 signaling pathway alterations in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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517
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Suk R, Park S, Liu G, Cogan-Drew T, Zhou W, Su L, Lynch T, Wain J, Christiani D. Polymorphisms in ERCC2 and overall survival (OS) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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518
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Zhou W, Ohdan H, Asahara T. Calcineurin Inhibitors Block B-1 Cell Differentiation: The Relevance to Immunosuppressive Treatment in ABO-Incompatible Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:1808-11. [PMID: 15919474 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring antibodies (Abs) against human blood group A/B-carbohydrate determinants are a major barrier to ABO-incompatible organ transplantation. We previously described that B cells recognizing the blood group A antigens (Ag) belong to a CD5+ B-1a cell subset that exists in blood group O human peripheral blood as well as in mice Recent evidence suggests that B-1a cells are selected by a T-independent type 2 (TI-2) Ag with repetitive arrays of epitopes which can promote BCR cross-linking. In support of the induced-differentiation model, CD5 can be induced on spleen B-2 cells in vitro after stimulation via surface IgM receptors, an induction that is blocked by cyclosporine (CsA). We examined whether mouse peritoneal cavity CD5+ B-1a cells could be reduced by CsA/tacrolimus. For 2 weeks, daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of various doses of CsA/tacrolimus decreased the percentage of PerC CD5+ B-1a cells and increased B-2 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. However, this treatment had no impact on anti-A Abs, suggesting that Ab-producing cells may be resistant to calcineurin inhibitors. We speculate that specific elimination of the anti-A Ab-producing cells with subsequent CsA/tacrolimus therapy might induce lasting inhibition of anti-A Ab production in ABO-incompatible organ transplantation.
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519
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Lv R, Zhou W, Zhang LD, Xu JG. Effects of hydroxyethyl starch on hepatic production of cytokines and activation of transcription factors in lipopolysaccharide-administered rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:635-42. [PMID: 15836676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is one of the most frequently used plasma substitutes. Some studies have indicated that HES may have anti-inflammatory effects. The present in vivo study was performed to investigate the effects of HES on hepatic production of cytokines and activation of transcription factors in sepsis. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with saline (64 ml kg(-1)); challenged with LPS (5 mg kg(-1)) and treated with HES (16 ml kg(-1)); injected with saline and treated with HES (16 ml kg(-1)); and saline control. Each hepatic tissue was collected in groups of rats 2 h after induction of endotoxemia for determination of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, activator protein (AP)-1 activities or 3 h after LPS challenge for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels and the mRNA expressions. RESULTS Endotoxemia was associated with significant increases in hepatic proinflammatory cytokine productions and transcription factor activities. HES significantly reduced the increased hepatic levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and the mRNAs in the endotoxemic rats. Similarly, HES could inhibit hepatic NF-kappaB and AP-1 activations. CONCLUSION The results suggest that in sepsis HES may down-regulate hepatic inflammatory mediators production and these anti-inflammatory effects may act through inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activations.
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520
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wan C, Zhou W, Peng T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li G, Cornelisson G, Halberg F. The role of mPer1 in morphine dependence in mice. Neuroscience 2005; 130:383-8. [PMID: 15664694 PMCID: PMC2656444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations using Drosophila melanogaster have shown that the circadian clock gene period can influence behavioral responses to cocaine, and the mouse homologues, mPer1 and mPer2, modulate cocaine sensitization and reward. In the present study, we applied DNAzyme targeting mPer1 to interfere the expression of mPer1 in CNS in mice and studied the role of mPer1 on morphine dependence. We found that the DNAzyme could attenuate the expression of mPer1 in CNS in mice. Mice treated with DNAzyme and morphine synchronously did not show preference to the morphine-trained side, whereas the control group did. In contrast, mice treated with DNAzyme after morphine showed preference to the morphine-trained side as well as the control group did. These results indicate that drug dependence seems to be influenced at least partially by mPer1, but mPer1 cannot affect morphine dependence that has been formed.
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521
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Gilpin RK, Zhou W. Infrared studies of the polymorphic states of the fenamates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:509-15. [PMID: 15740911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize the polymorphic purity as well as to study the thermal conversion of three of the more common fenamates between their different crystalline forms via measuring changes in the NH stretch region that occur between 3300 and 3350 wavenumbers. Shifts in band frequency for mefenamic acid result from differences in internal hydrogen bonding between the NH group and either the carbonyl or hydroxyl groups of the acid moiety. Due to out-of-plane rotations about the central N-C(ring2) bond additional polymorphic states have been suggested for flufenamic and tolfenamic acids. Rates of conversion are given for flufenamic, mefenamic, and tolfenamic acids at temperatures between 85 and 160 degrees C depending on the polymorphic transition for a particular analyte. Subsequently, these rates are used to calculate the activation energy for the observed polymorphic transition. Values of 71.6, 49.0, and 50.8 kcal/mol are obtained respectively for (1) the polymorph I to II transition of mefenamic acid, (2) the polymorph I to II transition of tolfenamic acid, and (3) the polymorph III to I transition of flufenamic acid.
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522
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Peebles R, Durbin J, Zhou W, Collins R, Ho S, Kolls J, Dubin P, Sheller J, Graham B, Hashimoto K. RSV infection in absence of STAT1 results in airway dysfunction, airway mucus, and augmented IL-17 and IL-23 expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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523
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Tong Y, Zhou W, Fung V, Christensen MA, Qing H, Sun X, Song W. Oxidative stress potentiates BACE1 gene expression and Abeta generation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2004; 112:455-69. [PMID: 15614428 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-004-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 11/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia and its prevalence increases with age. The pathological features of AD are characterized by the beta-amyloid protein (A(beta)) deposits in the core of neuritic plaques and abnormal neurofibrillary tangles in the brain of AD patients. BACE1 is the major beta-secretase to cleave the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate A(beta). Oxidative stress has been shown to affect A(beta) generation in the AD pathogenesis and the mechanism of such effect is unknown. In this report we generated a novel promoterless enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene cloning vector and cloned a 1.9-kb BACE1 gene promoter fragment in this vector. The BACE1 promoter fragment can efficiently activate EGFP or luciferase gene transcription. Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide resulted in significant increase in the BACE1 promoter activity. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide treatment facilitated beta-secretase activity and A(beta) generation. Thus, upregulation of BACE1 transcription by oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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524
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Burke AG, Zhou W, O'Brien ET, Roberts BC, Stamer WD. Effect of hydrostatic pressure gradients and Na2EDTA on permeability of human Schlemm's canal cell monolayers. Curr Eye Res 2004; 28:391-8. [PMID: 15512946 DOI: 10.1080/02713680490503697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated intraocular pressure in those with glaucoma appears to be a function of increased resistance to movement of aqueous humor through the conventional outflow pathway. The majority of resistance in both normal and glaucomatous eyes is generated in the region between the juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork and the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. To accommodate transient elevations in pressure, we hypothesize that conventional outflow increases rapidly due to changes in complexity of intercellular junctions between cells of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. METHODS To test this hypothesis we examined specifically the effects of hydrostatic pressure gradients and the calcium chelator, Na2EDTA, on permeability of cultured human Schlemm's canal cell monolayers in isolation. Human Schlemm's Canal cells were isolated, cultured and then seeded onto permeable supports and maintained in culture to allow intercellular junctions to mature. With a minimum net transendothelial electrical resistance of 10 Ohm cm2, cells were placed into an Ussing-type chamber and hydraulic conductivity was calculated from pressure and flow measurements that were continuously recorded. Simultaneously, transendothelial electrical resistance was measured manually at fixed intervals. In parallel experiments, cell margins were monitored in real time by videomicroscopy. RESULTS During the baseline measurement period when cells were exposed to pressure but not Na2EDTA, hydraulic conductivity was constant but transendothelial electrical resistance decreased continuously at rate of 0.24 Ohm cm2/minute. After Na2EDTA treatment, no significant change in transendothelial electrical resistance was measured while, hydraulic conductivity of Schlemm's Canal monolayers increased significantly by 125%; corresponding to noticeable intercellular separations. Restoration of cell-cell contact was observed by videomicroscopy 30 minutes following washout of Na2EDTA and functionally after 2 hours. CONCLUSIONS Responses of Schlemm's Canal cells to pressure and calcium chelators in vitro are consistent with a role for calcium sensitive junctions in outflow resistance in vivo.
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Abstract
Previous research and therapy in renal transplantation largely focused on the cellular arm of the adaptive immune response. Evidence is emerging that innate immune mechanisms, particularly complement, play a greater role in inflammatory and immune responses against the graft than has been previously recognized. Alternative complement pathway activation appears to mediate renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and proximal tubular cells may be both the source and the site of attack of complement components in this setting. Locally produced complement also plays a role in the development of both cellular and antibody-mediated immune responses against the graft. C4d staining has emerged as a useful marker of humoral rejection both in the acute and in the chronic setting and led to renewed interest in the significance of anti-donor antibody formation. A number of therapies are in development which inhibit complement or reduce local synthesis, and may lead to an improved clinical outcome following renal transplantation.
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