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Guo RQ, Yang J, Yang YB, Chen YN, Xiao YY, Xiang P, Dong MJ, He MF, Wang YT, Xiao YL, Ke HQ, Liu H. Spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial keratitis: a retrospective analysis of eight years in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Southwest China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1363437. [PMID: 38529473 PMCID: PMC10961451 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1363437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, distribution of isolates, prevailing patterns, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a Tertiary Referral Hospital located in Southwest China. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 660 cases of bacterial keratitis occurring between January 2015 and December 2022. The demographic data, predisposing factors, microbial findings, and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were examined. Results Corneal trauma emerged as the most prevalent predisposing factor, accounting for 37.1% of cases. Among these cases, bacterial culture results were positive in 318 cases, 68 species of bacteria were identified. The most common Gram-Positive bacteria isolated overall was the staphylococcus epidermis and the most common Gram-Negative bacteria isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci accounted for 18.1% of all Gram-Positive bacteria. The detection rate of P. aeruginosa showed an increasing trend over time (Rs=0.738, P=0.037). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of Gram-Negative microorganisms over time (Rs=0.743, P=0.035). The sensitivity of Gram-Positive bacteria to linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and rifampicin was over 98%. The sensitivity rates of Gram-Negative bacteria to amikacin, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, ceftazidime, and cefepime were all above 85%. In patients with a history of vegetative trauma, the possibility of BK should be taken into account in addition to the focus on fungal keratitis. Conclusion The microbial composition primarily consists of Gram-Positive cocci and Gram-Negative bacilli. Among the Gram-Positive bacteria, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most frequently encountered, while P. aeruginosa is the predominant Gram-Negative bacteria. To combat Gram-Positive bacteria, vancomycin, linezolid, and rifampicin are considered excellent antimicrobial agents. When targeting Gram-Negative pathogens, third-generation cephalosporins exhibit superior sensitivity compared to first and second-generation counterparts. As an initial empirical treatment for severe cases of bacterial keratitis and those unresponsive to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in community settings, the combination therapy of vancomycin and tobramycin is a justifiable approach. Bacterial keratitis can be better managed by understanding the local etiology and antibacterial drug susceptibility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qin Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Bin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Nan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Jie Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Min-Fang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yin-Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Ling Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Honghe County People’s Hospital, Honghe, China
| | - Hong-Qin Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Research Center of Yunnan Province, The Eye Disease Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Liaw A, Liu C, Bartold M, Ivanovski S, Han P. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary histone deacetylases expression: A prospective clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38468415 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on salivary histone deacetylases (HDACs) gene expression in patients with Stage III-IV periodontitis at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post NSPT treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients completed the study. Periodontitis (as well as the corresponding staging and grading) was diagnosed according to the 2017 World Workshop Classification. Clinical measures were recorded and whole unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after NSPT. The expression of 11 HDACs was determined using reverse-transcription PCR, and the respective changes over time were evaluated. RESULTS Six months after NSPT, significant improvements in all clinical periodontal parameters were observed, concomitant with significant up-regulation of HDAC2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 11 expressions. Subgroup analyses of non-responders and responders revealed no significant differences in HDACs mRNA expression between groups at any time point. CONCLUSIONS This prospective clinical study identified longitudinal changes in salivary HDACs expression in response to NSPT, which provides new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of periodontitis and creates avenues for the discovery of novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Liaw
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Thanapirom K, Treeprasertsuk S, Choudhury A, Verma N, Dhiman RK, Al Mahtab M, Devarbhavi H, Shukla A, Hamid SS, Jafri W, Tan SS, Lee GH, Ghazinyan H, Sood A, Kim DJ, Eapen CE, Tao H, Yuemin N, Dokmeci AK, Sahu M, Arora A, Kumar A, Kumar R, Prasad VGM, Shresta A, Sollano J, Payawal DA, Lau G, Sarin SK. Ammonia is associated with liver-related complications and predicts mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5796. [PMID: 38461166 PMCID: PMC10924893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between ammonia and liver-related complications (LRCs) in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients is not clearly established. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ammonia levels and LRCs in patients with ACLF. The study also evaluated the ability of ammonia in predicting mortality and progression of LRCs. The study prospectively recruited ACLF patients based on the APASL definition from the ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) from 2009 to 2019. LRCs were a composite endpoint of bacterial infection, overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and ascites. A total of 3871 cases were screened. Of these, 701 ACLF patients were enrolled. Patients with LRCs had significantly higher ammonia levels than those without. Ammonia was significantly higher in patients with overt HE and ascites, but not in those with bacterial infection. Multivariate analysis found that ammonia was associated with LRCs. Additionally, baseline arterial ammonia was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, but it was not associated with the development of new LRCs within 30 days. In summary, baseline arterial ammonia levels are associated with 30-day mortality and LRCs, mainly overt HE and ascites in ACLF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ashok Choudhury
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nipun Verma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radha Krishan Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - Saeed Sadiq Hamid
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Jafri
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Soek Siam Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Hospital Selayang, Bata Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Guan H Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hasmik Ghazinyan
- Department of Hepatology, Nork Clinical Hospital of Infectious Disease, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, DMC, Ludhiana, India
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C E Eapen
- Department of Hepatology, CMC, Vellore, India
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Nan Yuemin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - A Kadir Dokmeci
- Department of Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manoj Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology and Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Liver Gastroenterology and Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Ananta Shresta
- Department of Hepatology, Alka Hospital Pvt Ltd, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Jose Sollano
- Department of Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - George Lau
- Department of Medicine, Humanity, and Health Medical Group, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Senior Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang H, Xiao W, Yang J, Huang J, Hu Q, Jin K, Hong Y. Genetic correlations and causal relationships between cardio-metabolic traits and sepsis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5718. [PMID: 38459230 PMCID: PMC10923865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardio-metabolic traits have been reported to be associated with the development of sepsis. It is, however, unclear whether these co-morbidities reflect causal associations, shared genetic heritability, or are confounded by environmental factors. We performed three analyses to explore the relationships between cardio-metabolic traits and sepsis. Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal effects of multiple cardio-metabolic traits on sepsis. Global genetic correlation analysis to explore the correlations between cardio-metabolic traits and sepsis. Local genetic correlation (GC) analysis to explore shared genetic heritability between cardio-metabolic traits and sepsis. Some loci were further examined for related genes responsible for the causal relationships. Genetic associations were obtained from the UK Biobank data or published large-scale genome-wide association studies with sample sizes between 200,000 to 750,000. In MR, we found causality between BMI and sepsis (OR: 1.53 [1.4-1.67]; p < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI), which is confirmed by sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR adjusting for confounding factors. Global GC analysis showed a significant correlation between BMI and sepsis (rg = 0.55, p < 0.001). More cardio-metabolic traits were identified to be correlated to the sepsis onset such as CRP (rg = 0.37, p = 0.035), type 2 diabetes (rg = 0.33, p < 0.001), HDL (rg = - 0.41, p < 0.001), and coronary artery disease (rg = 0.43, p < 0.001). Local GC revealed some shared genetic loci responsible for the causality. The top locus 1126 was located at chromosome 7 and comprised genes HIBADH, JAZF1, and CREB5. The present study provides evidence for an independent causal effect of BMI on sepsis. Further detailed analysis of the shared genetic heritability between cardio-metabolic traits and sepsis provides the opportunity to improve the preventive strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiajie Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucai Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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Mori D, Ikeda R, Sawahata M, Yamaguchi S, Kodama A, Hirao T, Arioka Y, Okumura H, Inami C, Suzuki T, Hayashi Y, Kato H, Nawa Y, Miyata S, Kimura H, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Mizoguchi H, Nagai T, Nakazawa T, Hashimoto R, Kaibuchi K, Kume K, Yamada K, Ozaki N. Phenotypes for general behavior, activity, and body temperature in 3q29 deletion model mice. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:138. [PMID: 38453903 PMCID: PMC10920862 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole genome analysis has identified rare copy number variations (CNV) that are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, and 3q29 deletion has been found to have the largest effect size. The 3q29 deletion mice model (3q29-del mice) has been established as a good pathological model for schizophrenia based on phenotypic analysis; however, circadian rhythm and sleep, which are also closely related to neuropsychiatric disorders, have not been investigated. In this study, our aims were to reevaluate the pathogenesis of 3q29-del by recreating model mice and analyzing their behavior and to identify novel new insights into the temporal activity and temperature fluctuations of the mouse model using a recently developed small implantable accelerometer chip, Nano-tag. We generated 3q29-del mice using genome editing technology and reevaluated common behavioral phenotypes. We next implanted Nano-tag in the abdominal cavity of mice for continuous measurements of long-time activity and body temperature. Our model mice exhibited weight loss similar to that of other mice reported previously. A general behavioral battery test in the model mice revealed phenotypes similar to those observed in mouse models of schizophrenia, including increased rearing frequency. Intraperitoneal implantation of Nano-tag, a miniature acceleration sensor, resulted in hypersensitive and rapid increases in the activity and body temperature of 3q29-del mice upon switching to lights-off condition. Similar to the 3q29-del mice reported previously, these mice are a promising model animals for schizophrenia. Successive quantitative analysis may provide results that could help in treating sleep disorders closely associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Kodama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okumura
- Department of Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro Inami
- Department of Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiko Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Gelgie AE, Desai SE, Gelalcha BD, Kerro Dego O. Mycoplasma bovis mastitis in dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1322267. [PMID: 38515536 PMCID: PMC10956102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1322267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis has recently been identified increasingly in dairy cows causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry. M. bovis is a causative agent for mastitis, pneumonia, endometritis, endocarditis, arthritis, otitis media, and many other clinical symptoms in cattle. However, some infected cows are asymptomatic or may not shed the pathogen for weeks to years. This characteristic of M. bovis, along with the lack of adequate testing and identification methods in many parts of the world until recently, has allowed the M. bovis to be largely undetected despite its increased prevalence in dairy farms. Due to growing levels of antimicrobial resistance among wild-type M. bovis isolates and lack of cell walls in mycoplasmas that enable them to be intrinsically resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics that are widely used in dairy farms, there is no effective treatment for M. bovis mastitis. Similarly, there is no commercially available effective vaccine for M. bovis mastitis. The major constraint to developing effective intervention tools is limited knowledge of the virulence factors and mechanisms of the pathogenesis of M. bovis mastitis. There is lack of quick and reliable diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity for M. bovis. This review is a summary of the current state of knowledge of the virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and control of M. bovis mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aga E. Gelgie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sarah E. Desai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Benti D. Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Rizzello F, Viciani E, Gionchetti P, Filippone E, Imbesi V, Melotti L, Dussias NK, Salice M, Santacroce B, Padella A, Velichevskaya A, Marcante A, Castagnetti A. Signatures of disease outcome severity in the intestinal fungal and bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1352202. [PMID: 38510960 PMCID: PMC10952111 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, whose causative pathogen is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the targets of this virus, and mounting evidence suggests that gastrointestinal symptoms may contribute to disease severity. The gut-lung axis is involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2; therefore, we investigated whether COVID-19 patients' bacterial and fungal gut microbiome composition was linked to disease clinical outcome. Methods In May 2020, we collected stool samples and patient records from 24 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fungal and bacterial gut microbiome was characterized by amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq, Illumina's integrated next generation sequencing instrument. A cohort of 201 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers from the project PRJNA661289 was used as a control group for the bacterial gut microbiota analysis. Results We observed that female COVID-19 patients had a lower gut bacterial microbiota richness than male patients, which was consistent with a different latency in hospital admittance time between the two groups. Both sexes in the COVID-19 patient study group displayed multiple positive associations with opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces. Of note, the Candida genus dominated the gut mycobiota of COVID-19 patients, and adult patients showed a higher intestinal fungal diversity than elderly patients. We found that Saccharomycetales unassigned fungal genera were positively associated with bacterial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and negatively associated with the proinflammatory genus Bilophila in COVID-19 patients, and we observed that none of the patients who harbored it were admitted to the high-intensity unit. Conclusions COVID-19 was associated with opportunistic bacterial pathogens, and Candida was the dominant fungal taxon in the intestine. Together, we found an association between commensal SCFA-producers and a fungal genus that was present in the intestines of patients who did not experience the most severe outcome of the disease. We believe that this taxon could have played a role in the disease outcome, and that further studies should be conducted to understand the role of fungi in gastrointestinal and health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Filippone
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Imbesi
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Melotti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nikolas Konstantine Dussias
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Salice
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dolmans MM, Petraglia F, Catherino WH, Donnez J. Pathogenesis of uterine fibroids: current understanding and future directions. Fertil Steril 2024:S0015-0282(24)00169-9. [PMID: 38453042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Fibroids are benign uterine tumors characterized by the proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells, embedded in an abundant extracellular matrix. Their prevalence is estimated to be >50% in women aged >45 years. Fibroids represent a considerable health burden. It is time to acquire a deeper mechanistic understanding of uterine fibroid-related etiology and pathogenesis, which may help pinpoint new strategies and an individualized approach. There is a need to gather prospective data and conduct studies to compare alternative approaches and assess long-term outcomes with respect to quality of life, recurrence of symptoms (bleeding and bulk symptoms), fertility, and even complications The goal of this review was to evaluate the widely accepted pathogenesis and identify risks factors and future directions for clinical and basic research into fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Madeleine Dolmans
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium; Gynecology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Maternal-Infancy, Careggi University Hospital Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, Italy
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacques Donnez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Society for Research into Infertility (SRI), Brussels, Belgium
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Gao F, Hu Q, Chen W, Li J, Qi C, Yan Y, Qian C, Wan M, Ficke J, Zheng J, Cao X. Brain regulates weight bearing bone through PGE2 skeletal interoception: implication of ankle osteoarthritis and pain. Bone Res 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38443372 PMCID: PMC10914853 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a mechanosensitive tissue and undergoes constant remodeling to adapt to the mechanical loading environment. However, it is unclear whether the signals of bone cells in response to mechanical stress are processed and interpreted in the brain. In this study, we found that the hypothalamus of the brain regulates bone remodeling and structure by perceiving bone prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in response to mechanical loading. Bone PGE2 levels are in proportion to their weight bearing. When weight bearing changes in the tail-suspension mice, the PGE2 concentrations in bones change in line with their weight bearing changes. Deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the osteoblast lineage cells or knockout of receptor 4 (EP4) in sensory nerve blunts bone formation in response to mechanical loading. Moreover, knockout of TrkA in sensory nerve also significantly reduces mechanical load-induced bone formation. Moreover, mechanical loading induces cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) to inhibit sympathetic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) for osteogenesis. Finally, we show that elevated PGE2 is associated with ankle osteoarthritis (AOA) and pain. Together, our data demonstrate that in response to mechanical loading, skeletal interoception occurs in the form of hypothalamic processing of PGE2-driven peripheral signaling to maintain physiologic bone homeostasis, while chronically elevated PGE2 can be sensed as pain during AOA and implication of potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Qimiao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Wenwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Jilong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Cheng Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Yiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - James Ficke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Junying Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
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Zhang Y, Liao J, Fan W. Role of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: a review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1359003. [PMID: 38505711 PMCID: PMC10948515 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1359003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, recurrent disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain associated with defecation. IBS was previously considered to manifest without any structural alterations until the discovery of post-infection IBS. An increasing body of published evidence indicates that immune activation plays an important role in the development of IBS. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of IBS, including mainly visceral hypersensitivity and gastrointestinal dysmotility, has not yet been explicitly elucidated. The observation of potential inflammatory degenerative neuropathy, including neuronal degeneration, spearheaded research on autoimmune responses targeting the enteric nervous system. Subsequently, several autoantibodies were detected in the sera of IBS patients, among which some were presumed to exert a pathogenic influence or be associated with the etiology of gastrointestinal dysmotility in IBS. Moreover, certain specific autoantibodies evidently served as biomarkers to facilitate the differentiation between IBS and other related diseases. Therefore, we aimed to present an overview of autoantibodies reported in the sera of IBS patients and highlight their significance in diagnosing and comprehending the pathophysiology of IBS. Consequently, we propose a therapeutic strategy from an autoimmune perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenjuan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Curran SJ, Griffin EF, Ferreri LM, Kyriakis CS, Howerth EW, Perez DR, Tompkins SM. Swine influenza A virus isolates containing the pandemic H1N1 origin matrix gene elicit greater disease in the murine model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0338623. [PMID: 38299860 PMCID: PMC10913740 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03386-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, endemic North American swine influenza A viruses (swFLUAVs) contained an internal gene segment constellation, the triple reassortment internal gene (TRIG) cassette. In 2009, the H1N1 pandemic (pdmH1N1) virus spilled back into swine but did not become endemic. However, the pdmH1N1 contributed the matrix gene (pdmM) to the swFLUAVs circulating in the pig population, which replaced the classical swine matrix gene (swM) found in the TRIG cassette, suggesting the pdmM has a fitness benefit. Others have shown that swFLUAVs containing the pdmM have greater transmission efficiency compared to viruses containing the swM gene segment. We hypothesized that the matrix (M) gene could also affect disease and utilized two infection models, resistant BALB/c and susceptible DBA/2 mice, to assess pathogenicity. We infected BALB/c and DBA/2 mice with H1 and H3 swFLUAVs containing the swM or pdmM and measured lung virus titers, morbidity, mortality, and lung histopathology. H1 influenza strains containing the pdmM gene caused greater morbidity and mortality in resistant and susceptible murine strains, while H3 swFLUAVs caused no clinical disease. However, both H1 and H3 swFLUAVs containing the pdmM replicated to higher viral titers in the lungs and pdmM containing H1 viruses induced greater histological changes compared to swM H1 viruses. While the surface glycoproteins and other gene segments may contribute to swFLUAV pathogenicity in mice, these data suggest that the origin of the matrix gene also contributes to pathogenicity of swFLUAV in mice, although we must be cautious in translating these conclusions to their natural host, swine. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus rapidly spilled back into North American swine, reassorting with the already genetically diverse swFLUAVs. Notably, the M gene segment quickly replaced the classical M gene segment, suggesting a fitness benefit. Here, using two murine models of infection, we demonstrate that swFLUAV isolates containing the pandemic H1N1 origin M gene caused increased disease compared to isolates containing the classical swine M gene. These results suggest that, in addition to other influenza virus gene segments, the swFLUAV M gene segment contributes to pathogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J. Curran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily F. Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Constantinos S. Kyriakis
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S. Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Emory-UGA Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Athens, Georgia, USA
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Zhang W, Huang H, Liu X, Zhang L, Li L, Ding Y, Xiao Y, Ali MJ, Sun H, Xiao C. scRNA-Seq: First Atlas and Cellular Landscape of Lacrimal Sac: Implications in Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Pathogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38551583 PMCID: PMC10981439 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the transcriptional changes of individual cellular components in the lacrimal sac in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and attempt to construct the first lacrimal sac cellular atlas to elucidate the potential mechanisms that may drive the disease pathogenesis. Methods Lacrimal sac samples were obtained intra-operatively during the endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) procedure from five patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to analyze each individual cell population including epithelial and immune cells during the early inflammatory and late inflammatory phases of the disease. Results Eleven cell types were identified among 25,791 cells. T cells and B cells were the cell populations with the greatest variation in cell numbers between the two phases and were involved in immune response and epithelium migration-related pathways. The present study showed that epithelial cells highly expressed the genes of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and were involved in influencing the inflammation, neutrophil chemotaxis, and migration during the late inflammatory stage. Enhanced activity of CXCLs-CXCRs between the epithelial cells and neutrophils was noted by the cell-cell communication analysis and is suspected to play a role in inflammation by recruiting more neutrophils. Conclusions The study presents a comprehensive single-cell landscape of the lacrimal sac cells in different phases of PANDO. The contribution of T cells, B cells, and epithelial cells to the inflammatory response, and construction of the intercellular signaling networks between the cells within the lacrimal sac has further enhanced the present understanding of the PANDO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, Xinjiang 474 Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiwen Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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113
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Liu Y, Fan H, Kang X, Hao Y, Wang N, Zheng H, Li Y, Kang S. A rare germline BMP15 missense mutation causes hereditary ovarian immature teratoma in human. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310409121. [PMID: 38427603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310409121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian immature teratomas (OITs) are malignant tumors originating from the ovarian germ cells that mainly occur during the first 30 y of a female's life. Early age of onset strongly suggests the presence of susceptibility gene mutations for the disease yet to be discovered. Whole exon sequencing was used to screen pathogenic mutations from pedigrees with OITs. A rare missense germline mutation (C262T) in the first exon of the BMP15 gene was identified. In silico calculation suggested that the mutation could impair the formation of mature peptides. In vitro experiments on cell lines confirmed that the mutation caused an 84.7% reduction in the secretion of mature BMP15. Clinical samples from OIT patients also showed a similar pattern of decrease in the BMP15 expression. In the transgenic mouse model, the spontaneous parthenogenetic activation significantly increased in oocytes carrying the T allele. Remarkably, a mouse carrying the T allele developed the phenotype of OIT. Oocyte-specific RNA sequencing revealed that abnormal activation of the H-Ras/MAPK pathway might contribute to the development of OIT. BMP15 was identified as a pathogenic gene for OIT which improved our understanding of the etiology of OIT and provided a potential biomarker for genetic screening of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yuntao Hao
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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Ling J, Hryckowian AJ. Re-framing the importance of Group B Streptococcus as a gut-resident pathobiont. Infect Immun 2024:e0047823. [PMID: 38436256 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00478-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial species that causes disease in humans across the lifespan. While antibiotics are used to mitigate GBS infections, it is evident that antibiotics disrupt human microbiomes (which can predispose people to other diseases later in life), and antibiotic resistance in GBS is on the rise. Taken together, these unintended negative impacts of antibiotics highlight the need for precision approaches for minimizing GBS disease. One possible approach involves selectively depleting GBS in its commensal niches before it can cause disease at other body sites or be transmitted to at-risk individuals. One understudied commensal niche of GBS is the adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which may predispose colonization at other body sites in individuals at risk for GBS disease. However, a better understanding of the host-, microbiome-, and GBS-determined variables that dictate GBS GI carriage is needed before precise GI decolonization approaches can be developed. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of the diverse body sites occupied by GBS as a pathogen and as a commensal. We summarize key molecular factors GBS utilizes to colonize different host-associated niches to inform future efforts to study GBS in the GI tract. We also discuss other GI commensals that are pathogenic in other body sites to emphasize the broader utility of precise de-colonization approaches for mitigating infections by GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Finally, we highlight how GBS treatments could be improved with a more holistic understanding of GBS enabled by continued GI-focused study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Healthon, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew J Hryckowian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Healthon, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Liu Y, Hao R, Lv J, Yuan J, Wang X, Xu C, Ma D, Duan Z, Zhang B, Dai L, Cheng Y, Lu W, Zhang X. Targeted knockdown of PGAM5 in synovial macrophages efficiently alleviates osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38433252 PMCID: PMC10909856 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease worldwide and new therapeutics that target inflammation and the crosstalk between immunocytes and chondrocytes are being developed to prevent and treat OA. These attempts involve repolarizing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in synovium. In this study, we found that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) significantly increased in macrophages in OA synovium compared to controls based on histology of human samples and single-cell RNA sequencing results of mice models. To address the role of PGAM5 in macrophages in OA, we found conditional knockout of PGAM5 in macrophages greatly alleviated OA symptoms and promoted anabolic metabolism of chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PGAM5 enhanced M1 polarization via AKT-mTOR/p38/ERK pathways, whereas inhibited M2 polarization via STAT6-PPARγ pathway in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, we found that PGAM5 directly dephosphorylated Dishevelled Segment Polarity Protein 2 (DVL2) which resulted in the inhibition of β-catenin and repolarization of M2 macrophages into M1 macrophages. Conditional knockout of both PGAM5 and β-catenin in macrophages significantly exacerbated osteoarthritis compared to PGAM5-deficient mice. Motivated by these findings, we successfully designed mannose modified fluoropolymers combined with siPGAM5 to inhibit PGAM5 specifically in synovial macrophages via intra-articular injection, which possessed desired targeting abilities of synovial macrophages and greatly attenuated murine osteoarthritis. Collectively, these findings defined a key role for PGAM5 in orchestrating macrophage polarization and provides insights into novel macrophage-targeted strategy for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruihan Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Churong Xu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhouyi Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200092, China.
- National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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116
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Azuma N, Yoshida T, Yokoi T, Nishina S, Uematsu S, Miyasaka M. Retinal hemorrhages and damages from tractional forces associated with infantile abusive head trauma evaluated by wide-field fundus photography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5246. [PMID: 38438406 PMCID: PMC10912762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the distribution and types of retinal hemorrhages (RHs) and other damages in eyes with abusive head trauma (AHT). This retrospective, consecutive case series of AHT and non-AHT conditions involved 54 children with AHT, 43 children with head bruises, and 49 children with blunt eye trauma, each of non-AHT supported by reliable witness accounts. RHs and other damage were evaluated using ophthalmoscopy and wide-field fundus photography. A variety of RH types and other damage were identified in the AHT group but not in the non-AHT group. RHs in AHT extended from the posterior pole to the far periphery in 77% of eyes and on/near the veins in 86% and arteries in 85%, most of which were in the far periphery. Retinoschisis, white-dot lesions, and retinal folds were seen even in the far periphery. RHs on/near the veins and arteries, retinoschisis, and retinal folds suggest a traumatic mechanism of the tractional force of the vitreous that is attached to the entire retinal surface. Identifying the distribution and arterio and venous origins of RHs is a key factor in determining the association with trauma. Thus, wide-field fundus photography is useful to record and evaluate the origin of the RHs and other retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Azuma
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Yoshida
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokoi
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nishina
- Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Uematsu
- Division of Emergency and Transport Services, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiko Miyasaka
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Shihan MH, Sharma S, Cable C, Prathigudupu V, Chen A, Mattis AN, Chen JY. AMPK stimulation inhibits YAP/TAZ signaling to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5205. [PMID: 38433278 PMCID: PMC10909858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The Hippo pathway and its effectors, YAP and TAZ, are key regulators of HSC activation and fibrosis. However, there is a lack of mechanistic understanding of YAP/TAZ regulation in HSCs. Here we show that AMPK activation leads to YAP/TAZ inhibition and HSC inactivation in vitro, while the expression of a kinase-inactive mutant reversed these effects compared to wild type AMPKɑ1. Notably, the depletion of LATS1/2, an upstream kinase of YAP/TAZ signaling, rescues YAP/TAZ activation, suggesting that AMPK may be mediating YAP/TAZ inhibition via LATS1/2. In the carbon tetrachloride mouse model of fibrosis, pharmacologic activation of AMPK in HSCs inhibits YAP/TAZ signaling and reduces fibrosis. The findings implicate AMPK as a critical regulator of YAP/TAZ signaling and HSC inactivation and highlight AMPK activation as a therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Shihan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Carson Cable
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Vijaya Prathigudupu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Alina Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Aras N Mattis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- The Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
- The Liver Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Ramkissoon C, Song Y, Yen S, Southam K, Page S, Pisaniello D, Gaskin S, Zosky GR. Understanding the pathogenesis of engineered stone-associated silicosis: The effect of particle chemistry on the lung cell response. Respirology 2024; 29:217-227. [PMID: 38043119 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The resurgence of severe and progressive silicosis among engineered stone benchtop industry workers is a global health crisis. We investigated the link between the physico-chemical characteristics of engineered stone dust and lung cell responses to understand components that pose the greatest risk. METHODS Respirable dust from 50 resin-based engineered stones, 3 natural stones and 2 non-resin-based materials was generated and analysed for mineralogy, morphology, metals, resin, particle size and charge. Human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages were exposed in vitro to dust and assessed for cytotoxicity and inflammation. Principal component analysis and stepwise linear regression were used to explore the relationship between engineered stone components and the cellular response. RESULTS Cutting engineered stone generated fine particles of <600 nm. Crystalline silica was the main component with metal elements such as Ti, Cu, Co and Fe also present. There was some evidence to suggest differences in cytotoxicity (p = 0.061) and IL-6 (p = 0.084) between dust samples. However, IL-8 (CXCL8) and TNF-α levels in macrophages were clearly variable (p < 0.05). Quartz explained 11% of the variance (p = 0.019) in macrophage inflammation while Co and Al accounted for 32% of the variance (p < 0.001) in macrophage toxicity, suggesting that crystalline silica only partly explains the cell response. Two of the reduced-silica, non-engineered stone products induced considerable inflammation in macrophages. CONCLUSION These data suggest that silica is not the only component of concern in these products, highlighting the caution required as alternative materials are produced in an effort to reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandnee Ramkissoon
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yong Song
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Seiha Yen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Katherine Southam
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Simone Page
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Haybar H, Hadi H, Purrahman D, Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Saki N. Emerging roles of HOTAIR lncRNA in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Biomark Med 2024; 18:203-219. [PMID: 38411079 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Highlights HOTAIR, a long noncoding RNA, plays a role in the regulation of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it has been identified as a biomarker of this type of disease. Several factors and cells contribute to atherosclerosis, a progressive disease. However, the prognosis of HOTAIR in this disease varies depending on the path in which it plays a role. For this condition, there is no single prognosis to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Hadi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Daryush Purrahman
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Arakeri G, Rao Us V, Patil S, Kunigal S, Reddy R, Krishnan M, Hale B, Brennan PA. Evaluation of possible role of fluoride in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:226-231. [PMID: 38417414 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Although areca nut chewing is an established risk factor, its low prevalence among nut chewers indicates additional factors likely facilitates pathogenesis. We recently demonstrated high fluoride levels in smokeless tobacco products and hypothesized a potential pathological role of fluoride in OSMF. Further exploring this novel role, this study compared fluoride levels in tissue, serum, and saliva samples from OSMF patients and healthy controls. METHODS The ethically approved study included 25 clinically confirmed OSMF patients and 25 healthy matched controls. OSMF cases underwent buccal mucosal incisional biopsy, while controls had buccal mucosa tissue sampling during third molar removal. Fasting venous blood and unstimulated saliva were collected. Fluoride levels were analysed using ion chromatography and expressed as median (IQR). RESULTS OSMF cases showed significantly higher fluoride concentrations compared with controls in tissue biopsies (30.1 vs. 0 mg/kg, p < 0.0001), serum (0.4 vs. 0 mg/L, p = 0.005) and saliva (1.3 vs. 0 mg/L, p < 0.0001). Majority (68%) of controls had undetectable fluoride levels across all samples. Tissue fluoride weakly correlated with OSMF severity (r = -0.158, p = 0.334). CONCLUSION The preliminary findings demonstrated increased tissue fluoride levels in OSMF patients compared with healthy controls. Along with a previous study showing high fluoride content in smokeless tobacco products, these findings provided early evidence suggesting fluoride could play a contributory role in OSMF pathogenesis. Further large-scale investigation is warranted to definitively establish whether the association between fluoride exposure and OSMF is indicative of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, HKDET Dental College and Hospital, Humnabad, India
| | - Vishal Rao Us
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shekar Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sateesh Kunigal
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Roopa Reddy
- Center for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC), Jyothy Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Murugesan Krishnan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Beverley Hale
- Institute of Allied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Peter A Brennan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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Koranteng J, Chung KF, Michaeloudes C, Bhavsar P. The role of mitochondria in eosinophil function: implications for severe asthma pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1360079. [PMID: 38495619 PMCID: PMC10940389 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1360079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key metabolic hubs involved in cellular energy production and biosynthesis. ATP is generated primarily by glucose and fatty acid oxidation through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria. During OXPHOS there is also production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in the regulation of cellular function. Mitochondria are also central in the regulating cell survival and death, particularly in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease driven by various immune mechanisms. Severe eosinophilic asthma entails a type 2 inflammatory response and peripheral and lung eosinophilia, associated with severe airflow obstruction, frequent exacerbations and poor response to treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered metabolism have been observed in airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells from patients with asthma. However, the role of mitochondria in the development of eosinophilia and eosinophil-mediated inflammation in severe asthma is unknown. In this review, we discuss the currently limited literature on the role of mitochondria in eosinophil function and how it is regulated by asthma-relevant cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as by corticosteroid drugs. Moreover, we summarise the evidence on the role of mitochondria in the regulation of eosinophils apoptosis and eosinophil extracellular trap formation. Finally, we discuss the possible role of altered mitochondrial function in eosinophil dysfunction in severe asthma and suggest possible research avenues in order to better understand their role in disease pathogenesis, and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Koranteng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pankaj Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Heiliczer S, Yanko R, Sharav Y, Aframian DJ, Klutstein M, Wilensky A, Haviv Y. Oxidative stress-mediated proapoptosis signaling: A novel theory on the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of burning mouth syndrome. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:258-267. [PMID: 37966403 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain disorder characterized by a generalized burning sensation in the oral mucosa without apparent medical or dental causes. Despite various hypotheses proposed to explain BMS pathogenesis, a clear understanding of the cellular-level events and associated histologic and molecular findings is lacking. Advancing our understanding of BMS pathogenesis could facilitate the development of more targeted therapeutic interventions. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted an extensive literature search and review of cellular mechanisms, focusing on evidence-based data that support a comprehensive hypothesis for BMS pathogenesis. The authors explored novel and detailed mechanisms that may account for the characteristic features of BMS. RESULTS The authors proposed that BMS symptoms arise from the uncontrolled activation of proapoptotic transmembrane calcium permeable channels expressed in intraoral mucosal nerve fibers. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species or dysfunctional antiapoptosis pathways may lead to uncontrolled oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis signaling, resulting in upregulation of transmembrane transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and P2X 3 calcium channels in nociceptive fibers. Activation of these channels can cause nerve terminal depolarization, leading to generation of action potentials that are centrally interpreted as pain. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The authors present a novel hypothesis for BMS pathogenesis, highlighting the role of proapoptotic transmembrane calcium permeable channels and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis signaling in the development of BMS symptoms. Understanding these underlying mechanisms could provide new insights into the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for BMS. Additional research is warranted to validate this hypothesis and explore potential avenues for effective management of BMS.
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Xiong W, Li D, Ao F, Tu Z, Xiong J. The role and molecular mechanism of NOP16 in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3939. [PMID: 38454810 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effects of NOP16 on the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the related mechanism. In this study, the expression level of NOP16 in NPC tissues and adjacent tissues was measured by qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests. In the in vitro study, the expression levels of NOP16 and RhoA/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/c-Myc and IKK/IKB/NF-κB signalling pathway-related proteins in NPC cells were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot (WB). CCK8 assays and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion ability of NPC cells. Flow cytometry and WB were used to measure the level of apoptosis. For the in vivo study, NPC xenograft models were established in nude mice, and tumour weight and volume were recorded. The expression levels of NOP16 and RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c-Myc signalling pathway-related proteins and mRNAs were measured by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and WB experiments. In clinical samples, the results of qRT-PCR and IHC experiments showed that the expression level of NOP16 was significantly increased in NPC tissues. In the in vitro study, the results of qRT-PCR and WB experiments showed that NOP16 was significantly increased in NPC cells. The CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry results showed that knocking out NOP16 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells and increased apoptosis. WB results showed that knocking out NOP16 inhibited the RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c-Myc and IKK/IKB/NF-κB signalling pathways. These effects were reversed by 740Y-P (PI3K activator). In the in vivo study, knockdown of NOP16 reduced tumour volume and weight and inhibited the RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c-Myc signalling pathway. In conclusion, knockdown of NOP16 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the RhoA/PI3K/Akt/c-Myc and IKK/IKB/NF-κB pathways, leading to the malignant phenotype of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Xiong
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Head and Neck Tumour Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Head and Neck Tumour Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fenghua Ao
- Department of Head and Neck Tumour Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziwei Tu
- Department of Head and Neck Tumour Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Pezzolo E, Sechi A, Tartaglia J, Naldi L. A critical evaluation of suitability of tralokinumab for treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:255-266. [PMID: 37955186 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2283585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, intensely pruritic disease associated with significant patient burden. Recent advancements in AD pathogenesis have expanded its therapeutics pipeline. Tralokinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds specifically Interleukin (IL)-13, inhibiting the downstream IL-13 signaling. Phase 3 clinical trials and some real-world studies showed that tralokinumab, as monotherapy or in combination with topical corticosteroids, is efficacious and safe in adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Similar results were reported in a phase 3 trial in adolescents (aged ≥12 years). AREAS COVERED We review the role of IL-13 in AD and discuss the value of tralokinumab for treating moderate-to-severe AD, comparing efficacy and safety results derived from clinical trials and real-life data. EXPERT OPINION The role of IL-13 in AD supports a targeted therapeutic approach. Tralokinumab has proven efficacious and well-tolerated in a large proportion of patients confirming its value for treating moderate-to-severe AD from age 12 years onwards; it quickly improves itching and can maintain a high-level of response over time; it can be administered with flexible dosing schedules. Future studies will further clarify the role of IL-13 pathway and which patients would be best suited to tralokinumab, shifting AD treatment into an era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pezzolo
- Dermatology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- Centro Studi GISED (Italian Group for Epidemiologic Research in Dermatology) - FROM (Research Foundation of Ospedale Maggiore Bergamo), Padiglione Mazzoleni - Presidio Ospedaliero Matteo Rota, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Sechi
- Dermatology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Jacopo Tartaglia
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldi
- Dermatology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- Centro Studi GISED (Italian Group for Epidemiologic Research in Dermatology) - FROM (Research Foundation of Ospedale Maggiore Bergamo), Padiglione Mazzoleni - Presidio Ospedaliero Matteo Rota, Bergamo, Italy
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Jaiswal S, Jawade S, Madke B, Gupta S. Recent Trends in the Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review Focusing on Clinical Studies in the Last Decade. Cureus 2024; 16:e56596. [PMID: 38646359 PMCID: PMC11031619 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition with significant implications for quality of life, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Recent advancements in understanding its pathophysiology and developing novel therapeutic modalities have reshaped the landscape of acne management. This review provides an overview of recent trends in acne management, focusing on clinical studies conducted in the past decade. Key findings include insights into acne pathogenesis, emerging treatment modalities, comparative effectiveness of traditional and emerging therapies, and considerations for patient-centered care. The review underscores the importance of staying updated with recent clinical studies to provide evidence-based care and optimize patient treatment outcomes. Moreover, it highlights the need for continued research efforts to develop personalized treatment approaches, explore combination therapies, and address the psychosocial impact of acne. Collaborative endeavors between clinicians and researchers are essential to advance the field of acne management and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharwari Jaiswal
- Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sugat Jawade
- Dermatology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wanadongri, IND
| | - Bhushan Madke
- Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shreya Gupta
- Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Wang Z, Dandu C, Guo Y, Gao M, Wang Z, Lan D, Pan L, Zhou D, Ding Y, Ji X, Meng R. High jugular bulb in patients with non-thrombotic internal jugular venous and transverse sinus stenosis: Clues to pathogenesis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14424. [PMID: 37641816 PMCID: PMC10915994 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Conventional theories for jugular bulb (JB) formation are insufficient to explain the high proportion of high JB in adult patients. We aimed to study features of high JB in patients with non-thrombotic internal jugular venous stenosis (IJVS) and/or transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) to explore the pathogenesis of high JB formation. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with the diagnosis of non-thrombotic IJVS and/or TSS. The relationship between IJVS and/or TSS and high JB was explored. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential independent risk factors for high JB. RESULTS A total of 228 patients were included in the final analyses. The proportions of IJVS, dominant-side IJVS, and non-TSS in dominant-side high JB subgroup were higher than those in nondominant-side high JB subgroup (83.3% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.001; 72.2% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.001; 43.5% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.02). Heights of JBs on dominant sides in IJVS subgroup and non-TSS subgroup were higher than those in non-IJVS subgroup and TSS subgroup (12.93 ± 2.57 mm vs. 11.21 ± 2.76 mm, p < 0.001; 12.66 ± 2.71 mm vs. 11.34 ± 2.73 mm, p = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated an independent association between dominant-side IJVS and dominant-side high JB (odds ratio, 29.40; 95% confidence interval, 11.04-78.30; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION IJVS and asymmetric transverse sinus were independently and positively associated with high JB, especially dominant-side IJVS with dominant-side high JB, indicating a potential hemodynamic relationship between IJVS and high JB formation. Conversely, TTS might impede high JB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongao Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Chaitu Dandu
- Department of NeurosurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Yibing Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Meini Gao
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of General PracticeShuangfengsi Central Health CenterChengdeHebeiChina
| | - Duo Lan
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Liqun Pan
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of NeurosurgeryWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Advanced Center of StrokeBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
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Fortin N, Hénaut M, Goyette N, Maltais R, Sancéau JY, Marette A, Poirier D, Abed Y, Boivin G. A protectin DX (PDX) analog with in vitro activity against influenza A(H1N1) viruses. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29484. [PMID: 38402600 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Antiviral therapy based on neuraminidase (oseltamivir) or polymerase (baloxavir marboxil) inhibitors plays an important role in the management of influenza infections. However, the emergence of drug resistance and the uncontrolled inflammatory response are major limitations in the treatment of severe influenza disease. Protectins D1 (PD1) and DX (PDX), part of a family of pro-resolving mediators, have previously demonstrated anti-influenza activity as well as anti-inflammatory properties in various clinical contexts. Herein, we synthetized a series of simplified PDX analogs and assessed their in vitro antiviral activity against influenza A(H1N1) viruses, including oseltamivir- and baloxavir-resistant variants. In ST6GalI-MDCK cells, the PDX analog AN-137B reduced viral replication in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 23.8 for A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and between 32.6 and 36.7 µM for susceptible and resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In MTS-based cell viability experiments, AN-137B showed a 50% cellular cytotoxicity (CC50 ) of 638.7 µM with a resulting selectivity index of 26.8. Of greater importance, the combination of AN-137B with oseltamivir or baloxavir resulted in synergistic and additive in vitro effects, respectively. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages with AN-137B resulted in a decrease of iNOS activity as shown by the reduction of nitrite production, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, our results indicate that the protectin analog AN-137B constitutes an interesting therapeutic modality against influenza A virus, warranting further evaluation in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fortin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mathilde Hénaut
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Nathalie Goyette
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Sancéau
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Medicinal Chemistry Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Yacine Abed
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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129
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Chen L, Li J, Xiao B. The role of sialidases in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis and their use as a promising pharmacological target in bacterial vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367233. [PMID: 38495652 PMCID: PMC10940449 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the genital tract characterized by disturbance of the normally Lactobacilli-dominated vaginal flora due to the overgrowth of Gardnerella and other anaerobic bacteria. Gardnerella vaginalis, an anaerobic pathogen and the major pathogen of BV, produces sialidases that cleave terminal sialic acid residues off of human glycans. By desialylation, sialidases not only alter the function of sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates but also play a vital role in the attachment, colonization and spread of many other vaginal pathogens. With known pathogenic effects, excellent performance of sialidase-based diagnostic tests, and promising therapeutic potentials of sialidase inhibitors, sialidases could be used as a biomarker of BV. This review explores the sources of sialidases and their role in vaginal dysbiosis, in aims to better understand their participation in the pathogenesis of BV and their value in the diagnosis and treatment of BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Li
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bingbing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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130
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Richmond SB, Seidler RD, Iliff JJ, Schwartz DL, Luther M, Silbert LC, Wood SJ, Bloomberg JJ, Mulder E, Lee JK, De Luca A, Piantino J. Dynamic changes in perivascular space morphology predict signs of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome in bed rest. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:24. [PMID: 38429289 PMCID: PMC10907584 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During long-duration spaceflight, astronauts experience headward fluid shifts and expansion of the cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS). A major limitation to our understanding of the changes in brain structure and physiology induced by spaceflight stems from the logistical difficulties of studying astronauts. The current study aimed to determine whether PVS changes also occur on Earth with the spaceflight analog head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR). We examined how the number and morphology of magnetic resonance imaging-visible PVS (MV-PVS) are affected by HDBR with and without elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). These environments mimic the headward fluid shifts, body unloading, and elevated CO2 observed aboard the International Space Station. Additionally, we sought to understand how changes in MV-PVS are associated with signs of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), ocular structural alterations that can occur with spaceflight. Participants were separated into two bed rest campaigns: HDBR (60 days) and HDBR + CO2 (30 days with elevated ambient CO2). Both groups completed multiple magnetic resonance image acquisitions before, during, and post-bed rest. We found that at the group level, neither spaceflight analog affected MV-PVS quantity or morphology. However, when taking into account SANS status, persons exhibiting signs of SANS showed little or no MV-PVS changes, whereas their No-SANS counterparts showed MV-PVS morphological changes during the HDBR + CO2 campaign. These findings highlight spaceflight analogs as models for inducing changes in MV-PVS and implicate MV-PVS dynamic compliance as a mechanism underlying SANS. These findings may lead to countermeasures to mitigate health risks associated with human spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutton B Richmond
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864, Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864, Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel L Schwartz
- Layton-NIA Oregon Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Madison Luther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- Layton-NIA Oregon Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Veteran's Affairs Portland Health Care System, Neurology, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica K Lee
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, 1864, Stadium Rd., Gainesville, FL, USA
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Alberto De Luca
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Juan Piantino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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131
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Turnbull J, Jha RR, Barrett DA, Valdes AM, Alderson J, Williams A, Vincent TL, Watt FE, Chapman V. The Effect of Acute Knee Injuries and Related Knee Surgery on Serum Levels of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Lipid Mediators and Their Associations With Knee Symptoms. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:987-997. [PMID: 38406872 PMCID: PMC10943603 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241228209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an acute knee injury being a major risk factor for osteoarthritis, the factors that initiate and maintain this risk of longer-term knee symptoms are poorly understood. Bioactive lipids derived from omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have key roles in the regulation of the inflammatory response and have been linked to joint damage and osteoarthritis pain in translational models. HYPOTHESIS There would be associations between systemic levels of bioactive lipids and knee symptoms longitudinally after an acute knee injury and related knee surgery. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS This study analyzed a subset of young, active adults who had sustained an acute knee injury (recruited via a surgical care pathway) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Surgery, if performed, was conducted after the baseline serum sample was taken and before the 3-month and 2-year visits. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of 41 bioactive lipids was carried out in sera of (1) 47 injured participants (median age, 28 years) collected at baseline (median, 24 days after injury), 3 months, and 2 years, along with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and (2) age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Levels of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (P≤ .0001) and docosahexaenoic acid (P≤ .0001) and the pro-resolving lipid mediators 17- and 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid were all significantly greater at baseline in injured participants compared with the later time points and also higher than in healthy controls (P = .0019 and P≤ .0001, respectively). Levels of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins E2 and D2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2 were significantly lower at baseline compared with the later time points. Higher levels of 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) were cross-sectionally associated with more severe knee pain/symptoms according to the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at 2 years (P = .0004, R2 = 0.251; P = .0002, R2 = 0.278; and P = .0012, R2 = 0.214, respectively). CONCLUSION The profile of pro-resolving versus pro-inflammatory lipids at baseline suggests an initial activation of pro-resolution pathways, followed by the later activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this largely surgically managed cohort, the association of soluble epoxide hydrolase metabolites, the DHETs, with more severe knee symptoms at 2 years provides a rationale for further investigation into the role of this pathway in persisting knee symptoms in this population, including potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Turnbull
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rakesh R. Jha
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Injury, Recovery, and Inflammation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Alderson
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Williams
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Tonia L. Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona E. Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Lin J, Wang L, Wu Y, Xiang Q, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Jiang S, Sun Z, Fan D, Li W. Involvement of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration via hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:747-759. [PMID: 38531963 PMCID: PMC10984922 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important pathological basis for degenerative spinal diseases and is involved in mitophagy dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy regulation in IDD remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of DJ-1 in regulating mitophagy during IDD pathogenesis. Here, we showed that the mitochondrial localization of DJ-1 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) first increased and then decreased in response to oxidative stress. Subsequently, loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that overexpression of DJ-1 in NPCs inhibited oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, whereas knockdown of DJ-1 had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, mitochondrial translocation of DJ-1 promoted the recruitment of hexokinase 2 (HK2) to damaged mitochondria by activating Akt and subsequently Parkin-dependent mitophagy to inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in NPCs. However, silencing Parkin, reducing mitochondrial recruitment of HK2, or inhibiting Akt activation suppressed DJ-1-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, overexpression of DJ-1 ameliorated IDD in rats through HK2-mediated mitophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that DJ-1 promotes HK2-mediated mitophagy under oxidative stress conditions to inhibit mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in NPCs and could be a therapeutic target for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Longjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanqi Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Xu T, Lun W, He Y. Subchorionic hematoma: Research status and pathogenesis (Review). Med Int (Lond) 2024; 4:10. [PMID: 38362561 PMCID: PMC10865452 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) is a hematoma in which blood accumulates between the chorion and decidua basalis due to the separation of the chorion and decidua basalis. It is common in patients with threatened abortion in early pregnancy and is mainly detected by ultrasound. SCH mainly manifests as an hypoechoic or anechoic crescent-shaped fluid dark area on ultrasound images. Although there are numerous studies on SCH, its pathogenesis and etiology remain unclear, and its influence on pregnancy outcomes is also controversial; there are also no uniform clinical treatment guidelines. Current studies suggest that the occurrence of SCH may be related to several factors, such as abnormal coagulation function, autoimmune factors of pregnant women, assisted reproduction, drug use during pregnancy and reproductive tract infection; however, its exact etiology remains unclear. Some studies suggest that SCH is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, although other studies have found that SCH does not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the present review mainly discusses the pathogenesis, etiology and treatment of SCH in an aim to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of this condition in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Lun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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134
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Gao Y, Zhang Y, Liu X. Rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e509. [PMID: 38469546 PMCID: PMC10925489 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the unresolved synovial inflammation for tissues-destructive consequence, which remains one of significant causes of disability and labor loss, affecting about 0.2-1% global population. Although treatments with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are effective to control inflammation and decrease bone destruction, the overall remission rates of RA still stay at a low level. Therefore, uncovering the pathogenesis of RA and expediting clinical transformation are imminently in need. Here, we summarize the immunological basis, inflammatory pathways, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and metabolic disorders in RA, with highlights on the abnormality of immune cells atlas, epigenetics, and immunometabolism. Besides an overview of first-line medications including conventional DMARDs, biologics, and small molecule agents, we discuss in depth promising targeted therapies under clinical or preclinical trials, especially epigenetic and metabolic regulators. Additionally, prospects on precision medicine based on synovial biopsy or RNA-sequencing and cell therapies of mesenchymal stem cells or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell are also looked forward. The advancements of pathogenesis and innovations of therapies in RA accelerates the progress of RA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of RheumatologyChanghai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- Naval Medical CenterNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xingguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & InflammationNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Pathogen BiologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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135
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Torres MJ, Doña I. Drug hypersensitivity: Past, present and future. Allergy 2024; 79:549-551. [PMID: 38363030 DOI: 10.1111/all.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Torres
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, RETICS ARADyAL, BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, UMA, RETICS ARADyAL, BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
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136
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Molla A. A Comprehensive Review of Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Mechanisms, Modalities, and Clinical Efficacy. Cureus 2024; 16:e56890. [PMID: 38665759 PMCID: PMC11043791 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review explores atopic dermatitis and its management, with a focus on phototherapy as a treatment modality. The primary objectives are to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology of atopic dermatitis. Additionally, it seeks to explain phototherapy mechanisms, different modalities, and other therapeutic approaches. In this review, we comprehensively examine atopic dermatitis by synthesizing findings from diverse sources over the past 20 years. We investigate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and role of phototherapy in treatment. We conduct thematic analysis, compare phototherapy modalities, consider contextual factors, and integrate patient perspectives while upholding ethical considerations. Limitations include potential publication bias, language barriers, temporal constraints, subjectivity, and limited generalizability. Atopic dermatitis has a complex pathogenesis and can be managed with diverse modalities. Phototherapy emerges as an effective and safe treatment, particularly when other therapies prove ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Molla
- Department of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
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137
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Geng RSQ, Bourkas AN, Mufti A, Sibbald RG. Rosacea: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Correlates. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:178-189. [PMID: 38450615 PMCID: PMC11015710 DOI: 10.1177/12034754241229365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition of which there is no cure. The pathogenesis of rosacea is likely multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental contributions. Current understanding suggests that pro-inflammatory pathways involving cathelicidins and inflammasome complexes are central to rosacea pathogenesis. Common rosacea triggers modulate these pathways in a complex manner, which may contribute to the varying severity and clinical presentations of rosacea. Established and emerging rosacea treatments may owe their efficacy to their ability to target different players in these pro-inflammatory pathways. Improving our molecular understanding of rosacea will guide the development of new therapies and the use of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Q. Geng
- Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Asfandyar Mufti
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Gary Sibbald
- Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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138
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Sun F, Zhou J, Chen X, Yang T, Wang G, Ge J, Zhang Z, Mei Z. No-reflow after recanalization in ischemic stroke: From pathomechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241237159. [PMID: 38420850 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241237159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Endovascular reperfusion therapy is the primary strategy for acute ischemic stroke. No-reflow is a common phenomenon, which is defined as the failure of microcirculatory reperfusion despite clot removal by thrombolysis or mechanical embolization. It has been reported that up to 25% of ischemic strokes suffer from no-reflow, which strongly contributes to an increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. No-reflow is associated with functional and structural alterations of cerebrovascular microcirculation, and the injury to the microcirculation seriously hinders the neural functional recovery following macrovascular reperfusion. Accumulated evidence indicates that pathology of no-reflow is linked to adhesion, aggregation, and rolling of blood components along the endothelium, capillary stagnation with neutrophils, astrocytes end-feet, and endothelial cell edema, pericyte contraction, and vasoconstriction. Prevention or treatment strategies aim to alleviate or reverse these pathological changes, including targeted therapies such as cilostazol, adhesion molecule blocking antibodies, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activator, adenosine, pericyte regulators, as well as adjunctive therapies, such as extracorporeal counterpulsation, ischemic preconditioning, and alternative or complementary therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of pathomechanisms, predictive factors, diagnosis, and intervention strategies for no-reflow, and attempt to convey a new perspective on the clinical management of no-reflow post-ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guozuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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139
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Lyu H, Li DL, Yang YR, Yao Y, Wang H, Huang GD. Editorial: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: tumorigenesis, pathogenesis, diagnosis and targeted therapy, from bench to bedside. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1358700. [PMID: 38495108 PMCID: PMC10941839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1358700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lyu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, The Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - De Ling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Dong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, The Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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140
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zheng SJ. Immune Evasion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2824. [PMID: 38474071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is one of the smallest self-replicating organisms. It causes chronic respiratory disease, leading to significant economic losses in poultry industry. Following M. gallisepticum invasion, the pathogen can persist in the host owing to its immune evasion, resulting in long-term chronic infection. The strategies of immune evasion by mycoplasmas are very complex and recent research has unraveled these sophisticated mechanisms. The antigens of M. gallisepticum exhibit high-frequency changes in size and expression cycle, allowing them to evade the activation of the host humoral immune response. M. gallisepticum can invade non-phagocytic chicken cells and also regulate microRNAs to modulate cell proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis in tracheal epithelial cells during the disease process. M. gallisepticum has been shown to transiently activate the inflammatory response and then inhibit it by suppressing key inflammatory mediators, avoiding being cleared. The regulation and activation of immune cells are important for host response against mycoplasma infection. However, M. gallisepticum has been shown to interfere with the functions of macrophages and lymphocytes, compromising their defense capabilities. In addition, the pathogen can cause immunological damage to organs by inducing an inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress, leading to immunosuppression in the host. This review comprehensively summarizes these evasion tactics employed by M. gallisepticum, providing valuable insights into better prevention and control of mycoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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141
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Wang L, Zhang X, Shen J, Wei Y, Zhao T, Xiao N, Lv X, Qin D, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Xie J, Li Z, Xie Z. Models of gouty nephropathy: exploring disease mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1305431. [PMID: 38487029 PMCID: PMC10937455 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1305431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gouty nephropathy (GN) is a metabolic disease with persistently elevated blood uric acid levels. The main manifestations of GN are crystalline kidney stones, chronic interstitial nephritis, and renal fibrosis. Understanding the mechanism of the occurrence and development of GN is crucial to the development of new drugs for prevention and treatment of GN. Currently, most studies exploring the pathogenesis of GN are primarily based on animal and cell models. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death mediated by uric acid and sodium urate are involved in the pathogenesis of GN. In this article, we first review the mechanisms underlying the abnormal intrinsic immune activation and programmed cell death in GN and then describe the characteristics and methods used to develop animal and cell models of GN caused by elevated uric acid and deposited sodium urate crystals. Finally, we propose potential animal models for GN caused by abnormally high uric acid levels, thereby provide a reference for further investigating the methods and mechanisms of GN and developing better prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Xie
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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142
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Yang H, Verhoeve VI, Chandler CE, Nallar S, Snyder GA, Ernst RK, Gillespie JJ. Structural determination of Rickettsia lipid A without chemical extraction confirms shorter acyl chains in later-evolving spotted fever group pathogens. mSphere 2024; 9:e0060923. [PMID: 38259062 PMCID: PMC10900879 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00609-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rickettsiae are Gram-negative obligate intracellular parasites of numerous eukaryotes. Human pathogens of the transitional group (TRG), typhus group (TG), and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae infect blood-feeding arthropods, have dissimilar clinical manifestations, and possess unique genomic and morphological attributes. Lacking glycolysis, rickettsiae pilfer numerous metabolites from the host cytosol to synthesize peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For LPS, O-antigen immunogenicity varies between SFG and TG pathogens; however, lipid A proinflammatory potential is unknown. We previously demonstrated that Rickettsia akari (TRG), Rickettsia typhi (TG), and Rickettsia montanensis (SFG) produce lipid A with long 2' secondary acyl chains (C16 or C18) compared to short 2' secondary acyl chains (C12) in Rickettsia rickettsii (SFG) lipid A. To further probe this structural heterogeneity and estimate a time point when shorter 2' secondary acyl chains originated, we generated lipid A structures for two additional SFG rickettsiae (Rickettsia rhipicephali and Rickettsia parkeri) utilizing fast lipid analysis technique adopted for use with tandem mass spectrometry (FLATn). FLATn allowed analysis of lipid A structure directly from host cell-purified bacteria, providing a substantial improvement over lipid A chemical extraction. FLATn-derived structures indicate SFG rickettsiae diverging after R. rhipicephali evolved shorter 2' secondary acyl chains. While 2' secondary acyl chain lengths do not distinguish Rickettsia pathogens from non-pathogens, in silico analyses of Rickettsia LpxL late acyltransferases revealed discrete active sites and hydrocarbon rulers for long versus short 2' secondary acyl chain addition. Our collective data warrant determining Rickettsia lipid A inflammatory potential and how structural heterogeneity impacts lipid A-host receptor interactions.IMPORTANCEDeforestation, urbanization, and homelessness lead to spikes in Rickettsioses. Vector-borne human pathogens of transitional group (TRG), typhus group (TG), and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae differ by clinical manifestations, immunopathology, genome composition, and morphology. We previously showed that lipid A (or endotoxin), the membrane anchor of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), structurally differs in Rickettsia rickettsii (later-evolving SFG) relative to Rickettsia montanensis (basal SFG), Rickettsia typhi (TG), and Rickettsia akari (TRG). As lipid A structure influences recognition potential in vertebrate LPS sensors, further assessment of Rickettsia lipid A structural heterogeneity is needed. Here, we sidestepped the difficulty of ex vivo lipid A chemical extraction by utilizing fast lipid analysis technique adopted for use with tandem mass spectrometry, a new procedure for generating lipid A structures directly from host cell-purified bacteria. These data confirm that later-evolving SFG pathogens synthesize structurally distinct lipid A. Our findings impact interpreting immune responses to different Rickettsia pathogens and utilizing lipid A adjuvant or anti-inflammatory properties in vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria I. Verhoeve
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shreeram Nallar
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Greg A. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph J. Gillespie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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143
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Zhang Y, Guo W, Zhan Z, Bai O. Carcinogenic mechanisms of virus-associated lymphoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361009. [PMID: 38482011 PMCID: PMC10932979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of lymphoma is a complex multistep process that integrates numerous experimental findings and clinical data that have not yet yielded a definitive explanation. Studies of oncogenic viruses can help to deepen insight into the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and identifying associations between lymphoma and viruses that are established and unidentified should lead to cellular and pharmacologically targeted antiviral strategies for treating malignant lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of lymphomas associated with hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to clarify the current status of basic information and recent advances in the development of virus-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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144
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Goodwin CC, Adcock KG, Allison AB, Ruder MG, Poulson RL, Nemeth NM. Experimental infection of domestic turkeys with lymphoproliferative disease virus of North American origin. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241231558. [PMID: 38415450 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) was first documented in wild turkeys in North America in 2009. LPDV infection is often subclinical but can manifest as lymphoid proliferation or round cell neoplasia. Despite high prevalence across many sampled areas corresponding to declining populations of wild turkeys, knowledge regarding LPDV pathogenesis, risk factors for disease development, and associated impacts on population dynamics are unknown. To understand transmission, viral shedding, and tissue tropism, we inoculated 21 domestic turkeys via the oral cavity, crop, nasal cavity, subcutis, or coelomic cavity. For 12 weeks, oropharyngeal swabs, cloacal swabs, and whole blood were collected weekly. At 1 week postinoculation, 3 turkeys (3/21; 14%) had detectable LPDV proviral DNA in blood by polymerase chain reaction, and 10 developed DNAemia (50%; 10/20) by 12 weeks. LPDV proviral DNA was intermittently detected in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Splenomegaly was the most consistent gross finding in DNAemic birds (8/11; 73%). Lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen was the most significant microscopic finding (9/11; 82%). Three turkeys (3/11; 27%) developed round cell neoplasia characterized by sheets of pleomorphic, round to polygonal cells in the adrenal gland, bone marrow, skin, small intestine, and/or spleen. LPDV was detected in the spleen and bone marrow from all turkeys with DNAemia and all neoplasms. Our study establishes that infection and disease with North American LPDV from wild turkeys can be experimentally reproduced in domestic turkeys, laying the groundwork for future investigations into LPDV pathogenesis, development of diagnostic techniques, and understanding the impacts of LPDV on wild turkey populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Goodwin
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Kayla G Adcock
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Andrew B Allison
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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145
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Deng Y, Han S, Gao X, Liu Y, Gao J. Commentary: Case report: Chronic neutrophilic leukemia associated with monoclonal gammopathies. A case series and review of genetic characteristics and practical management. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360791. [PMID: 38476370 PMCID: PMC10928800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Deng
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiapei Gao
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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146
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Wen J, Xu Q, Li J, Shen X, Zhou X, Huang J, Liu S. Sodium butyrate exerts a neuroprotective effect in rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning by activating autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4610. [PMID: 38409245 PMCID: PMC10897214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a prevalent type of poisoning that causes significant harm globally. Delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) is a severe complication that occurs after acute CO poisoning; however, the exact underlying pathological cause of DEACMP remains unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal inflammation and immune-mediated brain damage, cellular apoptosis and autophagy, and direct neuronal toxicity are involved in the development of delayed neurologic sequelae. Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has gained increasing attention for its numerous beneficial effects on various diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and cerebral damage. In this study, an acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) model is established in rats to investigate the mechanism of CO poisoning and the therapeutic potential of sodium butyrate. The results suggested that the ACOP rats had impaired spatial memory, and cell apoptosis was observed in the hippocampi with activated autophagy. Sodium butyrate treatment further increased the activation of autophagy in the hippocampi of CO-exposed rats, inhibited apoptosis, and consolidated spatial memory. These findings indicated that sodium butyrate may improve memory and cognitive function in ACMP rats by promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
- North Sichuan Medical College Innovation Center for Science and Technology, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xuanyang Shen
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
- North Sichuan Medical College Innovation Center for Science and Technology, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Jing Huang
- North Sichuan Medical College Innovation Center for Science and Technology, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
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147
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Lin S, Zheng Y, Chen M, Xu L, Huang H. The interactions between ineffective erythropoiesis and ferroptosis in β-thalassemia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1346173. [PMID: 38468700 PMCID: PMC10925657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1346173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In Guangxi, Hainan, and Fujian Province in southern China, β-thalassemia is a frequent monogenic hereditary disorder that is primarily defined by hemolytic anemia brought on by inefficient erythropoiesis. It has been found that ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is closely associated with a high accumulation of Reactive oxygen species, a product of oxidative stress, in erythroid cells. During recent years, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that involves abnormalities in lipid and iron metabolism as well as reactive oxygen species homeostasis. It is a recently identified kind of programmed cell death. β-thalassemia patients experience increased iron release from reticuloendothelial cells and intestinal absorption of iron, ultimately resulting in iron overload. Additionally, the secretion of Hepcidin is inhibited in these patients. What counts is both ineffective erythropoiesis and ferroptosis in β-thalassemia are intricately linked to the iron metabolism and Reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Consequently, to shed further light on the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia and propose fresh ideas for its therapy, this paper reviews ferroptosis, ineffective erythropoiesis, and the way they interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meihuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
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148
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Zhao X, Hu Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Ma X, Chen H, Xing Y. Role of protein Post-translational modifications in enterovirus infection. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341599. [PMID: 38596371 PMCID: PMC11002909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are the main cause of a number of neurological diseases. Growing evidence has revealed that successful infection with enteroviruses is highly dependent on the host machinery, therefore, host proteins play a pivotal role in viral infections. Both host and viral proteins can undergo post-translational modification (PTM) which can regulate protein activity, stability, solubility and interactions with other proteins; thereby influencing various biological processes, including cell metabolism, metabolic, signaling pathways, cell death, and cancer development. During viral infection, both host and viral proteins regulate the viral life cycle through various PTMs and different mechanisms, including the regulation of host cell entry, viral protein synthesis, genome replication, and the antiviral immune response. Therefore, protein PTMs play important roles in EV infections. Here, we review the role of various host- and virus-associated PTMs during enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qinghai, China
| | - Xueman Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongru Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
| | - Yonghua Xing
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, China
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149
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Zhou L, Xie M, Wang X, Xu R. The usage and advantages of several common amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal models. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1341109. [PMID: 38595972 PMCID: PMC11002901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1341109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal, multigenic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron loss. Animal models are essential for investigating pathogenesis and reflecting clinical manifestations, particularly in developing reasonable prevention and therapeutic methods for human diseases. Over the decades, researchers have established a host of different animal models in order to dissect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), such as yeast, worms, flies, zebrafish, mice, rats, pigs, dogs, and more recently, non-human primates. Although these models show different peculiarities, they are all useful and complementary to dissect the pathological mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration in ALS, contributing to the development of new promising therapeutics. In this review, we describe several common animal models in ALS, classified by the naturally occurring and experimentally induced, pointing out their features in modeling, the onset and progression of the pathology, and their specific pathological hallmarks. Moreover, we highlight the pros and cons aimed at helping the researcher select the most appropriate among those common experimental animal models when designing a preclinical ALS study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Health Management Center, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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150
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Xue H, Han L, Sun H, Piao Z, Cao W, Qian H, Zhao Z, Lang MF, Gu C. Metastasis-associated 1 localizes to the sarcomeric Z-disc and is implicated in skeletal muscle pathology. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38391059 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1), a subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) corepressor complex, was reported to be expressed in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscles. However, the exact subcellular localization and the functional implications of MTA1 in skeletal muscles have not been examined. This study aims to demonstrate the subcellular localization of MTA1 in skeletal muscles and reveal its possible roles in skeletal muscle pathogenesis. Striated muscles (skeletal and cardiac) from C57BL/6 mice of 4-5 weeks were collected to examine the expression of MTA1 by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were performed for MTA1, α-actinin (a Z-disc marker protein), and SMN (survival of motor neuron) proteins. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets were analyzed using the GEO2R online tool to explore the functional implications of MTA1 in skeletal muscles. MTA1 expression was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Subcellular localization of MTA1 was found in the Z-disc of sarcomeres, where α-actinin and SMN were expressed. Data mining of GEO profiles suggested that MTA1 dysregulation is associated with multiple skeletal muscle defects, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, nemaline myopathy, and dermatomyositis. The GEO analysis also showed that MTA1 expression gradually decreased with age in mouse skeletal muscle precursor cells. The subcellular localization of MTA1 in sarcomeres of skeletal muscles implies its biological roles in sarcomere structures and its possible contribution to skeletal muscle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Haidi Sun
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Piao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming-Fei Lang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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