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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Perilli V, Chiariello V, Grillo G, Turi C. A tablet-based program to enable people with intellectual and other disabilities to access leisure activities and video calls. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 15:14-20. [DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2018.1508515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Caffò AO, Lopez A, Spano G, Serino S, Cipresso P, Stasolla F, Savino M, Lancioni GE, Riva G, Bosco A. Spatial reorientation decline in aging: the combination of geometry and landmarks. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:1372-1383. [PMID: 28726502 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1354973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study is focused on the assessment of reorientation skills in a sample of community-dwelling elderly people, manipulating landmarks and geometric (layout) information. METHOD A neuropsychological assessment was administered to 286 elderly participants, divided into six groups (healthy controls, HC; four subgroups of participants with mild cognitive impairment, MCI; participants with probable dementia, Prob_D) and tested with the Virtual Reorientation Test (VReoT). VReoT manipulated different spatial cues: geometry and landmarks (proximal and distal). RESULT Compared with HC, participants with MCI and Prob_D showed to be impaired in tasks involving geometry, landmarks and a combination of them. Both single and multiple domain impairment in MCI had an impact on reorientation performance. Moreover, VReoT was marginally able to discriminate between amnesic and non-amnesic MCI. The occurrence of getting lost events seemed to be associated to learning of geometric information. CONCLUSION The associative strength between landmark and target plays an important role in affecting spatial orientation performance of cognitively impaired participants. Geometry significantly supports landmark information and becomes helpful with the increase of cognitive impairment which is linked to a decrement in landmark encoding. VReoT seems to represent a reliable evaluation supplement for spatial orientation deficits in prodromal stages of dementia.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Perilli V, Chiariello V, Buono S. An Upgraded Smartphone-Based Program for Leisure and Communication of People With Intellectual and Other Disabilities. Front Public Health 2018; 6:234. [PMID: 30211146 PMCID: PMC6122188 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People with intellectual disability and sensory or sensory-motor impairments may display serious problems in managing functional daily activities as well as leisure activities and communication with distant partners. Aim: The study assessed an upgraded smartphone-based program to foster independent leisure and communication activity of eight participants with mild to moderate intellectual disability, sensory or sensory-motor impairments, and limited speech skills. Method: The upgraded program was based on the use of (a) a Samsung Galaxy A3 smartphone with Android 6.0 Operating System, near-field communication, music and video player functions, and Macrodroid application, and (b) special radio frequency-code labels. Participants requested leisure and communication activities by placing mini objects or pictures representing those activities and containing frequency-code labels on the smartphone. The smartphone, via the Macrodroid application, read the labels (i.e., discriminated the participants' requests) and provided the participants with the activities requested. Results: During the baseline (i.e., in the absence of the program), the participants failed to request/access leisure and communication activities independently. During the post-intervention phase of the study (i.e., using the program), they succeeded in requesting/accessing those activities independently and spent about 70-90% of their session time busy with those activities. Conclusion: The upgraded smartphone-based program may be highly functional for people like the participants of this study.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, D’Amico F, Laporta D, Cattaneo MG, Scordamaglia A, Pinto K. Technology-Based Behavioral Interventions for Daily Activities and Supported Ambulation in People With Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:318-326. [PMID: 29742903 PMCID: PMC10852424 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518775038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES These 2 studies evaluated technology-based behavioral interventions for promoting daily activities and supported ambulation in people with mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease, respectively. METHODS Study 1 included 8 participants who were taught to start and carry out daily activities on their own using a tablet or smartphone device, which provided activity reminders, step instructions, and praise. Study 2 included 9 participants who were taught to engage in brief periods of ambulation using a walker combined with a tilt microswitch and a notebook computer, which monitored step responses and provided stimulation and prompts. RESULTS The participants of study 1 succeeded in starting the activities independently and carrying them out accurately. The participants of study 2 largely increased their ambulation levels and also showed signs of positive involvement (eg, smiles and verbalizations). CONCLUSION The aforementioned technology-based interventions may represent practical means for supporting people with Alzheimer's disease.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Perilli V, Zimbaro C, Boccasini A, Mazzola C, Russo R. Promoting physical activity in people with intellectual and multiple disabilities through a basic technology-aided program. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2018; 22:113-124. [PMID: 29804524 DOI: 10.1177/1744629516684986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed a technology-aided program (monitoring responding, and ensuring preferred stimulation and encouragements) for promoting physical activity with 11 participants with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Each participant was provided with an exercise device (e.g. a static bicycle and a stepper) and exposed to the program according to an ABAB design, in which A and B represented baseline and intervention phases, respectively. Data recording concerned (a) the participants' responses with the exercise device (e.g. pedaling) during baseline and intervention phases and (b) their heart rates during the last intervention phase. The results showed that all participants had significant increases in responding with the exercise devices during the intervention phases. Heart-rate values during the intervention sessions indicated that the participants' responding during those sessions mostly amounted to moderate-intensity physical activity, with potential benefits for their overall physical condition. Implications of the findings and questions for future research in the area were discussed.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Perilli V, Zimbaro C, Chiariello V, Campodonico F. Supporting leisure and functional activity engagement in people with multiple disabilities via a technology-aided program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/tad-170182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Campodonico F, Perilli V, Chiariello V, Zimbaro C. A Technology-Aided Program to Support Basic Occupational Engagement and Mobility in Persons with Multiple Disabilities. Front Public Health 2017; 5:338. [PMID: 29322040 PMCID: PMC5732144 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persons with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities tend to be passive and sedentary. Promoting their occupational engagement and mobility (i.e., indoor walking) can help to modify their condition and improve their environmental input, health, and social image. Aim This study assessed whether a technology-aided program was suitable to (a) support independent occupation and mobility in eight participants with intellectual and sensory disabilities and (b) eventually increase the participants’ heart rates to levels considered beneficial for them. Method The program, which involved a computer system regulating the presentation of auditory or visual cues and the delivery of preferred stimulation, was introduced according to a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants. The auditory or visual cues guided the participants to collect objects from different desks and to transport them to a final destination (i.e., depositing them into a carton). Preferred stimulation was available to the participants for collecting and for depositing the objects. Results During the program, all participants had an increase in their independent responses of collecting objects and transporting them to the final destination. Their heart rates also increased to levels reflecting moderate-intensity physical exercise, potentially beneficial for their health. Conclusion A program, such as that used in this study, can promote occupational engagement and mobility in persons with multiple disabilities.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Zimbaro C, Chiariello V. Using Smartphones to Help People with Intellectual and Sensory Disabilities Perform Daily Activities. Front Public Health 2017; 5:282. [PMID: 29114539 PMCID: PMC5660726 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and sensory impairments often fail to take initiative in starting and carrying out daily activities, with negative consequences for their occupational condition and social status. Their failure seems due to their inability to determine the right time for the activities and to remember all the activity steps. Aim This study assessed a smartphone intervention, which was designed to help eight participants (four presenting with intellectual disability and blindness and four presenting with intellectual disability and hearing impairment) to independently start and carry out daily activities at appropriate times. Method The intervention was introduced according to a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants. During the intervention, each participant was provided with a smartphone, which was fitted with the time schedule of his or her activities and the verbal or pictorial instructions for the single steps of those activities. When the time for an activity was reached, the participant was automatically reminded to start that activity and, thereafter, he or she was presented with the instructions for it. Results The use of the smartphone intervention promoted great improvement over the baseline for all participants. That is, the participants managed to (a) independently start the activities at the scheduled times and (b) carry out those activities with high levels of accuracy. Conclusion A smartphone intervention, such as that used in this study, may help people with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and sensory impairments to successfully engage in daily activities.
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Sigafoos J, Carnett A, McNamee S, Lancioni GE, O’Reilly MF. Helping a Man With Cerebral Palsy Access Preferred Internet Content Using Assistive Technology and a Participant-Directed Support Model. Clin Case Stud 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650117732831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A man with cerebral palsy was helped to access preferred Internet content through a treatment program involving assistive technology and support from research staff. The assistive technology included an individually configured Apple iPad® and a head pointer that enabled the man to directly select screen icons linked to preferred websites. Staff supported the man by setting up the technology and responding to his instructions and requests for assistance and by performing general troubleshooting operations (e.g., starting up, positioning, rebooting, and charging the iPad® as necessary). Twelve treatment sessions, one per week, provided opportunities for the man to practice using the iPad®. Progress was assessed by rating his (a) degree of independence, (b) level of participation, (c) performance, (d) satisfaction with performance, and (e) overall satisfaction with the head pointer, the iPad®, and the treatment program. The man actively participated in each treatment session and reported better performance over the course of treatment. He was also generally satisfied with the program. The present combination of assistive technology and staff support appeared acceptable and effective in increasing participation. The approach illustrates how aspects of self-determination can be incorporated into assistive technology interventions for adults with cerebral palsy.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Perilli V, Zimbaro C, Chiariello V. Supporting leisure and communication in people with visual and intellectual disabilities via a smartphone-based program. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619617715497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated a smartphone-based program to promote independent leisure and communication engagement in five participants with visual impairment and mild intellectual disability. A smartphone with Android 5.1 Operating System and S-Voice application, Internet connection, contacts unit, and media player was used. The smartphone was fitted with MP3 files of leisure events and the names and telephone numbers of selected communication partners. The participants were taught to use the smartphone (open the files and reach the partners) through specific verbal utterances. The results showed that all participants learned to use the smartphone. Their independent engagement times (leisure plus communication combined) increased from baseline values of zero to means of between about 75% and 85% of the session lengths. These results indicate that a smartphone-based program may support independent leisure and communication engagement in people with visual impairment and intellectual disability who possess verbal skills.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Alberti G, Perilli V, Campodonico F. Promoting Functional Activity Engagement in People with Multiple Disabilities through the Use of Microswitch-Aided Programs. Front Public Health 2017; 5:205. [PMID: 28848730 PMCID: PMC5554124 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with severe/profound multiple (e.g., intellectual, motor, or sensory–motor) disabilities are frequently restricted to a situation of inactivity and dependence, which may be modified by promoting functional activity engagement through assistive technology. Methods This study assessed the possibility of promoting functional activity engagement via microswitch-aided programs with nine participants with multiple disabilities between 10 and 29 years of age. Functional activity consisted of constructive interaction with the immediate environment (e.g., reaching/touching or putting away objects) through the use of response schemes considered practical and beneficial for the participants’ physical exercise and general condition. Microswitch-aided programs were used to monitor the participants’ responses and to automatically provide stimulation opportunities contingent on those responses. Results All participants had a large/significant increase in their activity engagement (i.e., response frequencies) during the microswitch-aided programs, when compared to the baseline periods. These data, which are in line with previous findings in the area, indicate that the programs targeted activity and responses suitable for the participants and ensured contingent stimulation effective to motivate them. Conclusion People with severe/profound multiple disabilities can engage in functional activity with the help of microswitch-aided programs.
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Singh NN, Lancioni GE, Myers RE, Karazsia BT, Courtney TM, Nugent K. A mindfulness-based intervention for self-management of verbal and physical aggression by adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Dev Neurorehabil 2017; 20:253-260. [PMID: 27019027 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2016.1141436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a dearth of clinical and research literature on the treatment of maladaptive behaviors in adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention, Meditation on the Soles of the Feet (SoF), to facilitate self-management of verbal and physical aggression. METHOD We utilized a multiple-baseline design across participants to test the intervention with three adolescents diagnosed with PWS. RESULTS Relative to baseline, verbal aggression decreased to minimal levels following mindfulness-based practice and physical aggression was nearly eliminated. Intervention effects were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Quantitative analytics confirmed statistically significant outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The SoF mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing verbal and physical aggression in three adolescents with PWS. Future research should test the SoF intervention with this clinical population in a larger clinical trial, and the SoF intervention may be applicable to other pediatric populations.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, D’Amico F, Pinto K, Chiapparino C. Supporting Simple Activity Engagement in Persons With Moderate to Severe Alzheimer's Disease Through a Technology-Aided Program. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:137-144. [PMID: 28423935 PMCID: PMC10852665 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517698793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES These 2 studies assessed a technology-aided program to support mild physical exercise or simple occupational activity in participants with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Study 1 included 11 participants who were to perform a leg-raising response. Study 2 included 10 participants who were to sort objects into different containers. The program ensured that they received positive stimulation contingent on the responses and reminders/prompts after periods of nonresponding. Each study was carried out according to a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. RESULTS The program was successful in supporting mild physical exercise and activity with objects in the 2 groups of participants, respectively. The participants also showed signs of positive involvement (eg, smiles and verbalizations) during the sessions. Moreover, staff personnel rated the program and its impact positively. CONCLUSION The program may be considered a practical resource for supporting positive engagement in persons with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, D'Amico F, Pinto K, De Vanna F, Caffò AO. Promoting supported ambulation in persons with advanced Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2017; 13:101-106. [DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1297856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Campodonico F, Alberti G. Use of a Smartphone for Leisure and Communication by People with Blindness and Motor Disabilities. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x1711100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Oliva D, Severini L. Assessing a Microswitch-Based Stimulation Procedure for Eye-Blinking Responses in a Young Woman with Profound Multiple Disabilities. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 101:212-6. [PMID: 16350626 DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.1.212-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We applied a new microswitch-based stimulation procedure for eye-blinking responses with a young woman with profound multiple disabilities, and compared effects of this procedure on the eye-blinking responses and smiling with the effects of a caregiver-based stimulation condition. Analysis showed that the microswitch-based stimulation procedure, with stimulation occurring contingent on eye-blinking responses, increased the frequencies of these responses significantly above the levels recorded in baseline and caregiver-based stimulation conditions. No changes in smiling frequencies occurred. Implications of the findings in terms of alertness, learning, and quality of life are discussed.
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Lancioni GE, Smaldone A, O'Reilly MF, Singh NN, Oliva D. Automatic Prompting to Reduce Persistent Tongue Protrusion in a Woman with Severe to Profound Mental Retardation. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 101:515-8. [PMID: 16383088 DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.2.515-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether an intervention approach relying on auditory prompting delivered automatically through a portable device was effective to reduce tongue protrusion in a woman with severe to profound mental retardation. The device involved (a) an optic sensor, i.e., a miniphotocell kept under the lower lip with medical tape, (b) a small signal transmission box, and (c) a Walkman for presenting the prompts. Initially, the automatic prompting condition was combined with occasional praise from a research assistant for having the tongue in the mouth. Analysis showed that the occurrence of tongue protrusion dropped from about 65% of the observation time during the initial baseline to less than 5% through the intervention. The study lasted 4.5 mo.
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Antonucci M, Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Oliva D, Bosco A. A Writing Program with Word Prediction for a Young Man with Multiple Disabilities: A Preliminary Assessment. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 103:223-8. [PMID: 17037664 DOI: 10.2466/pms.103.1.223-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed a writing program with word prediction, which completed the writing of a word and spoke it out only when there was certainty that such a word was the correct one. The assessment was carried out with a young man with multiple disabilities, who typically used a word-processing program without word prediction. The two programs were compared on the time required by the participant for writing general sentences, through a social validation assessment, and eventually a check on the participant's preference. Analysis showed the program with word prediction was significantly more effective in terms of the writing time, which was halved, and was deemed preferable by 40 raters (psychology students) involved in the social validation assessment and by the participant himself. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Lancioni GE, O'Reilly MF, Singh NN, Sigafoos J, Oliva D, Severini L. Enabling Persons with Multiple Disabilities to Choose among Environmental Stimuli and Request Stimulus Repetitions through Microswitch and Computer Technology. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 103:354-62. [PMID: 17165398 DOI: 10.2466/pms.103.2.354-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed microswitch and computer technology to enable two participants with multiple disabilities, 32 and 19 years of age, to choose among environmental stimuli and request their repetition whenever they so desired. Within each session, 18 stimuli (12 preferred and 6 nonpreferred) were available. For each stimulus, a computer system provided a sample of 3 sec. duration. During the intervention, participants' vocal responding in relation to a stimulus sample activated a microswitch and a computer system turned on that stimulus for 15–30 sec. When participants did not vocally respond, the computer system paused briefly and then presented the next scheduled stimulus sample. When participants vocally responded at the end of a stimulus presentation, the stimulus was repeated. Intervention data showed that the participants learned to choose preferred stimuli and bypass nonpreferred ones as well as to request repetitions of the preferred stimuli. This performance was maintained at a 1-mo. postintervention check and transferred to sets of stimuli not used in the intervention. The implications of these results were discussed.
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Antonucci M, Lancioni GE, O'Reilly MF, Singh NN, Sigafoos J, Oliva D. Enabling a Man with Multiple Disabilities and Limited Motor Behavior to Perform a Functional Task with Help of Microswitch Technology. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 103:83-8. [PMID: 17037647 DOI: 10.2466/pms.103.1.83-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the extent to which two microswitches used as interfaces would enable a man with multiple disabilities and limited motor behavior to operate an electric door opener at the entrance of the day center that he attended. Analysis showed the man (a) learned to use the two microswitches, (b) preferred the microswitch placed at his wheelchair's footrest (which also allowed more effective responding) over the microswitch placed at his wheelchair's armrest, and (c) maintained his positive performance at the 1- and 2-mo. postintervention checks. The results were discussed from a technical and practical standpoint and in terms of implications for the quality of life of persons with disabilities.
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Lancioni GE, O'Reilly MF, Singh NN, Oliva D, Scalini L, Vigo CM, Groeneweg J. Further Evaluation of Microswitch Clusters to Enhance Hand Response and Head Control in Persons with Multiple Disabilities. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 100:689-94. [PMID: 16060428 DOI: 10.2466/pms.100.3.689-694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was a further evaluation of microswitch clusters (combinations of two microswitches) to improve adaptive responding together with correct head position in two persons with multiple disabilities. The two participants were 19.7 and 6.6 yr. old and had profound intellectual disabilities, spastic tetraparesis, and visual impairment. They were initially taught an adaptive hand response that activated a pressure microswitch and produced favorite stimulation. Thereafter, their performance of the hand response produced favorite stimulation only when it was combined with a correct head position (detected through a mercury microswitch). Analysis showed that both participants increased the frequency of the hand response and, subsequently, the percentage of times they emitted this response in combination with correct (upright) head position. In essence, they were able to coordinate constructive occupation with exercise of appropriate posture. Performance was maintained at a 2-mo. postintervention check.
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Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Oliva D, Baccani S. Teaching ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ Responses to Children with Multiple Disabilities through a Program Including Microswitches Linked to a Vocal Output Device. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 102:51-61. [PMID: 16671596 DOI: 10.2466/pms.102.1.51-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study introduced two children (a boy and a girl of 9.2 and 12.3 yr. of age, respectively, with multiple disabilities) to an intervention program for establishing Yes and No responses in relation to preferred and nonpreferred stimuli and assessed the acquisition and generalization of those responses. The program involved the use of microswitches, which monitored the nonverbal Yes and No responses performed by the children and ensured that these responses produced the matching verbal utterances via a vocal output device. Analysis showed children acquired Yes and No responses in relation to the stimuli used for the intervention and, to a comparable degree, to the stimuli used for generalization checks as well. An interview of 30 educational staff of a center for persons with multiple disabilities indicated that they considered the presence of Yes and No verbal utterances preferable to the absence of such utterances, and thought that the utterances could be helpful for the children's response acquisition and would be useful and pleasing for staff and parents. General implications of the findings were discussed.
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Lancioni GE, O'Reilly MF, Singh NN, Sigafoos J, Didden R, Oliva D, Montironi G, La Martire ML. Small Hand-Closure Movements Used as a Response through Microswitch Technology by Persons with Multiple Disabilities and Minimal Motor Behavior. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 104:1027-34. [PMID: 17688160 DOI: 10.2466/pms.104.3.1027-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed small hand-closure movements as a potential response for microswitch activation with two participants with profound multiple disabilities of 5.2 and 20.6 yr. of age. The microswitch consisted of a two-membrane thin pad fixed to the palm of the hand and a control system. The outer membrane (the one facing the fingers) was a touch-sensitive layer; the inner membrane was activated if the participant applied a pressure of over 20 gm. The activation of either membrane triggered an electronic control system, which in turn activated one or more preferred stimuli for 6 sec. except in baseline phases. Each participant received an ABAB sequence, in which A represented baseline and B intervention phases, and a 1-mo. postintervention check. Analysis showed both participants increased their responding during the intervention phases and maintained that responding at the postintervention check. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Caffò AO, Lopez A, Spano G, Saracino G, Stasolla F, Ciriello G, Grattagliano I, Lancioni GE, Bosco A. The role of pre-morbid intelligence and cognitive reserve in predicting cognitive efficiency in a sample of Italian elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:1203-1210. [PMID: 27149863 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Models of cognitive reserve in aging suggest that individual's life experience (education, working activity, and leisure) can exert a neuroprotective effect against cognitive decline and may represent an important contribution to successful aging. AIM The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of cognitive reserve, pre-morbid intelligence, age, and education level, in predicting cognitive efficiency in a sample of healthy aged individuals and with probable mild cognitive impairment. METHODS Two hundred and eight aging participants recruited from the provincial region of Bari (Apulia, Italy) took part in the study. A battery of standardized tests was administered to them to measure cognitive reserve, pre-morbid intelligence, and cognitive efficiency. Protocols for 10 participants were excluded since they did not meet inclusion criteria, and statistical analyses were conducted on data from the remaining 198 participants. A path analysis was used to test the following model: age, education level, and intelligence directly influence cognitive reserve and cognitive efficiency; cognitive reserve mediates the influence of age, education level, and intelligence on cognitive efficiency. RESULTS Cognitive reserve fully mediates the relationship between pre-morbid intelligence and education level and cognitive efficiency, while age maintains a direct effect on cognitive efficiency. DISCUSSION Cognitive reserve appears to exert a protective effect regarding cognitive decline in normal and pathological populations, thus masking, at least in the early phases of neurodegeneration, the decline of memory, orientation, attention, language, and reasoning skills. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of cognitive reserve may represent a useful evaluation supplement in neuropsychological screening protocols of cognitive decline.
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Schäfer MCM, Sutherland D, McLay L, Achmadi D, van der Meer L, Sigafoos J, Lancioni GE, O'Reilly MF, Schlosser RW, Marschik PB. Research note: attitudes of teachers and undergraduate students regarding three augmentative and alternative communication modalities. Augment Altern Commun 2016; 32:312-319. [PMID: 27776421 DOI: 10.1080/07434618.2016.1244561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The social validity of different communication modalities is a potentially important variable to consider when designing augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions. To assess the social validity of three AAC modes (i.e., manual signing, picture exchange, and an iPad®-based speech-generating device), we asked 59 undergraduate students (pre-service teachers) and 43 teachers to watch a video explaining each mode. They were then asked to nominate the mode they perceived to be easiest to learn as well as the most intelligible, effective, and preferred. Participants were also asked to list the main reasons for their nominations and report on their experience with each modality. Most participants (68-86%) nominated the iPad-based speech-generating device (SGD) as easiest to learn, as well as the most intelligible, effective, and preferred. This device was perceived to be easy to understand and use and to have familiar and socially acceptable technology. Results suggest that iPad-based SGDs were perceived as more socially valid among this sample of teachers and undergraduate students. Information of this type may have some relevance to designing AAC supports for people who use AAC and their current and future potential communication partners.
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