[Bibliometric analysis on research hotspots on HIV post-exposure prophylaxis related articles in the world, 2000-2017]

Objective: To analyze and reveal the distribution, research hotspots and study trend of worldwide published articles correlated with HIV/AIDS post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and provide information for related studies in China. Methods: CiteSpace software 5.1 was used to visualize all related papers in the web of science database published during 2000-2017. Results: The average growth rate of international PEP-related papers was 10.78%,and number of published papers in 2016 was highest (n=34), relevant research hotspots have shifted from the prevention of occupational HIV exposure to the prevention of non-occupational HIV exposure in group at high risk, such as MSM, in recent years. Clustering analysis classified research hotspots into three categories, including risk reduction through enhanced intervention, current status of global HIV PEP and German-Austrian Recommendation. Conclusions: Non-occupational HIV PEP in groups at high-risk, especially MSM, has received increasing attention in recent years, the research of PEP mainly focus on improving the awareness and use of PEP in MSM and compliance in the course of medication. In the context of severe HIV epidemic in MSM without effective control in China, PEP should be strengthened to assess and explore the risk of HIV infection in MSM to provide reference for medical personnel and related departments to implement HIV non-occupation exposure blockade and formulate PEP medication.

Deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with improved performance via nanoporous AlGaN template

We report the performance enhancement of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) using AlGaN nanoporous template (NPT). The NPT was fabricated by the electrochemical etching method and served as the dislocation filtering layer and strain relieving layer. The n-AlGaN laterally regrown on NPT showed reduced dislocation density and mitigated compressive strain comparing with that on the as-grown template (AGT). A 23% improvement of internal quantum efficiency was achieved for the multiple quantum wells thereon. Moreover, the nanopores in the NPT transformed into elongated air voids during high temperature growth process, which could facilitate the escaping of photons by scattering and thus improve the light extraction efficiency. As a consequence, the DUV LED based on NPT demonstrated an increase of the light outpower by 50% at 20 mA than that on AGT.

[The concomitant gene alterations impact the therapeutic efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor sensitive mutation]

Objective: To investigate if concomitant gene alterations impact the therapeutic efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) sensitive mutation. Methods: From November 2016 to December 2017, 51 patients (19 males and 32 females, age 37-85 years) with histology or cytology diagnosed,locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC from Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University were prospectively recruited in the study. All patients harboring EGFR sensitive mutation detected by a 123 lung cancer specific gene panel of next-generation sequencing(NGS) analysis were under treatment of EGFR-TKIs. Multi-factors analysis of the correlation between EGFR-TKIs efficacy and concomitant gene alterations were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression model. Results: 82% of the NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation presented concomitant gene alterations with an average number of 2.1. Patients not harboring concomitant gene alterations had a longer median progression free survival (mPFS: not reached vs 8.8 m, P=0.008). Those who had less than 2 concomitant genes had a higher objective response rate[ORR: 52% (17/33) vs 33% (6/18) , P=0.251]and better mPFS (13.8 vs 8.0 m, P=0.003). The top 3 concomitant gene alterations were TP53 gene mutation(55%, 28/51), EGFR gene amplification (26%, 13/51) and RB1 gene mutation (18%,9/51) respectively. The mPFS of EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with either one of these 3 concomitant genes was 8.0, 8.0, and 6.0 months respectively, significantly shorter than those without one of the 3 gene alterations (13.8, 13.1, and 10.8 months respectively). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that concomitant gene abnormalities (P=0.036) and accompanied by RB1 gene mutation (P=0.025) were independent risk factors for the survival benefit of EGFR-TKI in the treatment of advanced NSCLC with EGFR-sensitive mutation. Conclusions: The efficacy of EGFR-TKI decreased significantly in advanced NSCLC with EGFR-sensitive mutation who had concomitant gene abnormalities, especially accompanied by more than 2 of the 3 gene alterations (TP53 gene mutation, EGFR gene amplification or RB1 gene mutation). This study suggested that the concomitant gene alterations should be an important issue for consideration when applying a personalized combination therapy for advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR sensitive mutation.

Isotopic determination with molecular emission using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser-induced radical fluorescence

Molecular emission can be used for isotopic analysis in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) due to its large isotopic shift. However, spectral weakness and interference have become the main flaws in molecular isotopic analysis, causing deterioration of quantitative accuracy and sensitivity. Here, to overcome these problems, laser-induced radical fluorescence (LIRF) was applied to enhance the molecular spectra and eliminate the spectral interference. The root mean square errors of cross validation (RMSECVs) of boron and carbon isotopes (¹¹BO, ¹⁰BO, ¹²CN, and ¹³CN) improved to 2.632, 5.721, 5.990, and 1.543 at.%, as compared with 16.96, 35.79, 57.10, and 13.89 at.%, respectively, obtained in the case without LIRF. The limits of detection (LoDs) of ¹¹BO, ¹⁰BO, ¹²CN, and ¹³CN were 0.9858, 0.8470, 1.606, and 1.193 at.%, respectively. This work demonstrates the feasibility of LIBS-LIRF to achieve isotopic determination with high accuracy and sensitivity.

[Analysis on characteristics of hearing loss in occupational noise-exposed workers in automotive manufacturing industry]

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of hearing loss in occupational noise-exposed workers in automotive manufacturing industry. Methods: According to Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance (GBZ188-2014) , 530 noise-exposed workers were examined for health and pure tone audiometry during January to June, 2017, and the data were collected for analysis. Poisson regression analysis was used to analysis the relationship between work age and hearing loss. Results: After correction of age and gender, pure-tone threshold of 500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000, 6 000 of the noise-exposed workers in the <3 year-exposure group were 20.15±3.60, 18.80±3.43, 18.54±3.38, 19.10±4.03, 20.32±6.79, 23.48±8.92 dB (A) ; the values in the 3-10 year-exposure group were 20.96±5.38, 19.25±4.76, 19.22±5.29, 20.17±7.50, 21.36±8.88, 25.39±11.60 dB (A) ; the values in the >10 year-exposure group were 20.18±3.67, 18.34±3.60, 18.36±4.25, 18.49±4.41, 20.32±9.24, 22.50±9.57 dB (A) . Poisson regression analysis showed that the relative risk (RR) of hearing loss of the noise-exposed workers compared with the noise-free workers was 4.38 (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The noise-exposed workers in automotive manufacturing industry revealed hearing loss, which was associated with their actual working age of noise exposure.

[The application of ARIMA in forecasting the cases of rabies in China different human groups]

Objective: To understand the situation of rabies in China different human groups. Seasonal ARIMA model is established to make forecasts and to provide suggestions for human rabies controlling in China. Methods: Build a model with data during 2004-2013, and validate the model by data of 2014. Then predict the cases of rabies from 2015-2017. Results: The long term trend is decreasing year by year, while seasonal effect is found that number of the third and fourth quarter are higher than others. The seasonal ARIMA model was built, whose residual are white noise. The RMAE in forecasting of peasants, students and scattered children are 19.10%、49.93% and 68.01%. Conclusion: The decreasing of rabies cases in China with time shows that the measures for control are effective. October for peasants, September for students, August for scattered children are critical period in future for rabies' control. Seasonal ARIMA model is a feasible model in forecasting the cases of rabies in China different groups in some way, error will be reduced by modeling separately for different wave sequence and combining with other models like ARIMA-GARCH.

Limits on Light Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from the First 102.8 kg×day Data of the CDEX-10 Experiment

We report the first results of a light weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) search from the CDEX-10 experiment with a 10 kg germanium detector array immersed in liquid nitrogen at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory with a physics data size of 102.8 kg day. At an analysis threshold of 160 eVee, improved limits of 8×10^{-42} and 3×10^{-36}  cm^{2} at a 90% confidence level on spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections, respectively, at a WIMP mass (m_{χ}) of 5  GeV/c^{2} are achieved. The lower reach of m_{χ} is extended to 2  GeV/c^{2}.

[Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib in Chinese patients with myelofibrosis: results of a 1-year follow-up of A2202]

目的

评价芦可替尼在中国骨髓纤维化患者中的疗效和安全性。

方法

63例中国骨髓纤维化患者纳入研究，男32例，女31例，中位年龄55(25~79)岁。芦可替尼起始剂量：基线PLT(100~200)×10⁹/L者(25例)30 mg/d，基线PLT>200×10⁹/L者(38例)40 mg/d。使用MRI/CT、欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量调查问卷核心30(EORTC QLQ-C30)和骨髓纤维化症状评估表(MFSAF)v2.0对患者进行脾脏体积、生活质量和症状评估。

结果

截至12个月随访结束，47例(74.6%)患者仍在继续治疗，25例(39.7%)患者脾脏体积较基线缩小超过35%，首次达到脾脏体积缩小≥35％的中位时间为12.71(95%CI 12.14~35.00)周。治疗期间，85.7%(54/63)的患者有不同程度的脾脏缩小，中位最佳脾脏体积缩小百分比为35.5%，48周时中位脾脏缩小体积为34.7%。治疗48周时53.1 %(26/49)的患者MFSAF症状评分降低超过50%，生活质量得到改善。最常见的血液学不良事件包括贫血和血小板计数降低，但极少造成停药。非血液学不良事件以1/2级为主。

结论

芦可替尼使中国骨髓纤维化患者的脾脏体积获得持续缩小、症状改善，不良反应可耐受。

Determination of boron with molecular emission using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with laser-induced radical fluorescence

Boron is an essential element for industry, but it is hard to accurately and rapidly determine high boron content with conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), due to the matrix and self-absorption effect. Using molecular emission is an alternative method for boron content analysis, but its weak spectra are major challenges. Here, boron monoxide (BO) radicals were used to establish calibration assisted by LIBS and laser-induced radical fluorescence (LIBS-LIRF). Two types of BO radical excitations, vibrational ground state excitation (LIRFG) and vibrational excited state excitation (LIRFE), were compared. The results showed that LIRFG achieved better sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.0993 wt.%, while the LIRFE was more accurate with a root mean square error of cross validation of 0.2514 wt.%. In conclusion, this work provided a potential approach for molecular emission analysis with LIBS-LIRF.

[Prenatal supplementations of iron, iron-containing multimicronutrients and antianemic Chinese patent medicines in women in Shaanxi province, 2010-2013]

Objective: To understand the prevalence of prenatal supplementations of iron, iron-containing multi-micronutrients (IMMN) and antianemic Chinese patent medicines (ACPM) and associated factors in women in Shaanxi province. Methods: A sample of 28 367 childbearing-age women who gave birth during 2010-2013 and had specific information of the prenatal nutrients supplementation were recruited using stratified multistage cluster random sampling in Shaanxi province. The information about their basic characteristics and prenatal supplementation of nutrients were collected by a questionnaire survey. Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the intake rate of iron, IMMN and ACPM during each period of pregnancy, and logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors. Results: The overall prevalence of prenatal iron, IMMN and ACPM supplementation was low (28.99%), and the intake rate of iron was the lowest (5.33%). The prevalence of prenatal supplementation of iron, IMMN and ACPM were lower before pregnancy and in the first trimester than in the second and third trimester. The intake rates for consecutive 2 periods were very low (all were lower than 2.00%). The intake rates of iron, IMMN and ACPM significantly increased year by year. Women living in central Shaanxi had relatively high intake rates of iron (7.22%) and IMMN (16.55%), and women in southern Shaanxi had relatively high intake rate of ACPM (18.50%). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that higher educational level (OR=1.920, 95%CI: 1.617-2.279), antenatal care times≥6 (OR=1.832, 95%CI: 1.604-2.091), etc. were the positive factors for iron intake, and these positive factors were similar to those for IMMN intake. Additionally, rural residence was the negative factor for IMMN intake (compared with urban residence, OR=0.872, 95%CI: 0.788-0.966). Conversely, higher educational level (OR=0.855, 95%CI: 0.746-0.979), higher household income (OR=0.864, 95%CI: 0.796-0.938) were negative factors for ACPM intake, and rural residence was its positive factor (OR=1.285, 95%CI: 1.141-1.447). Conclusions: The prevalence of prenatal supplementation of iron, IMMN and ACPM were low in women in Shaanxi, especially the intake rate of iron was the lowest. The prophylactic iron supplementation before pregnancy or in the first trimester was rare. Measures should be taken to improve the prenatal supplementation of iron in Shaanxi and to standardize the clinical use of ACPM.

Optically pumped lasing with a Q-factor exceeding 6000 from wet-etched GaN micro-pyramids

We report the observation of room-temperature optically pumped lasing modes from a single GaN pyramid microcavity on a metallic mirror. The mode at 367.2 nm exhibits a low threshold (0.4-0.5  MW/cm²) and a narrow linewidth (0.054 nm), by which the quality factor can be estimated to be >6000. These lasing behaviors can be attributed to the specific wet-etching approach by selectively etching away defects and pyramid geometry with bottom Ag reflectors for better light confinement. Optical resonances in these pyramids are further investigated in combination with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations.

[Single and reduced port laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: current status and future perspectives]

For further maximizing the minimally invasive benefits for colorectal cancer patients, laparoscopic surgeons have been dedicating to improve the surgery through single-port (SILES) or natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), which is supported by amount of single-port devices and flexible laparoscopic instruments.Many small sample studies of single institution have suggested that SILES for colorectal cancer has similar oncological outcomes with conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS), could improve the cosmetic results, and is more minimally invasive than CLS. However, evidences of advantages for SILES are limited, because of there has been only 4 published studies of prospective randomized clinical trial so far. Due to the technical difficulties and long learning curves, SILES and NOTES are relatively hard to be widely promoted. Thus, a balance between minimally invasive pursuit and laparoscopic technical challenge should be sought. In this way, modified SILES and reduced-port laparoscopic surgery have emerged in recent years, which might be minimally invasive solutions with lower technical demanding for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgeries. Adding a port as the surgeon's dominant operation channel improved the collisions or overlapping of instruments with movement to reduce the technical difficulties. SILS+ 1 is safe and feasible, would be supported by more and more evidences.

[A retrospective controlled clinical study of single-incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer]

Objective: To evaluate the short-term and oncologic outcomes of single-incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery (SILS+ 1) for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer. Methods: The clinic data of 46 patients with sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer underwent SILS+ 1 at Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from September 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed (SILS+ 1 group). After generating 1∶1 ration propensity scores given the covariates of age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, surgeons, tumor location, the distance of tumor from anal, tumor diameter, and pathologic TNM stage, 46 patients with sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) in the same time were matched as CLS group. The baseline characteristics and short-term outcomes were compared using t test, χ(2) test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank tests demonstrated the distribution of disease free survival. Results: The two study groups were well balanced with respect to the baseline characteristics of the propensity score derivation model. As compared to the CLS group, patients in SILS+ 1 group had a smaller incision ((6.9±1.1) cm vs. (8.4±1.2) cm, t=6.502, P=0.000), less estimated blood loss (20(11) ml vs. 50(30) ml, Z=2.414, P=0.016), shorter intracorporeal operating time ((67.0±25.8) minutes vs. (75.5±27.7) minutes, t=2.062, P=0.042) and significantly faster recovery course including shorter time to first ambulation ((46.7±20.3) hours vs. (78.6±28.0) hours, t=6.255, P=0.000), shorter time to first oral diet ((64.7±28.8) hours vs. (77.1±30.0) hours, t=2.026, P=0.047), shorter time of postoperative hospital stay ((7.8±2.2) days vs. (6.5±2.2) days, t=2.680, P=0.009), and lower postoperative visual analogue scale scores (F=4.721, P=0.032). No significant difference was observed in total operating time, postoperative morbidity, first time to flatus and defecation, analgesic use, number of retrieved lymph nodes and resection margin. During the median follow-up period of 33 months (ranging from 7 to 39 months) , there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of 3-year disease-free survival (SILS+ 1: 91.3%, CLS: 93.4%, P=1.000). The recurrence rates of SILS+ 1 group and CLS groups were 8.7% (4/46) and 6.5% (3/46), respectively. Conclusion: For experienced CLS surgeons, the SILS+ 1 for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer would be easiness, safe and efficient alternative.

[A preliminary discussion on the contents and value of All Diseases(1), the medical bamboo slips unearthed from Han tomb in Laoguanshan of Chengdu]

Among the medical bamboo slips unearthed from Han tomb in Laoguanshan of Chengdu, the Zhu bing (All Diseases) is a monograph to discuss the characteristics of signs and symptoms. Based on the differences of writing styles, diseases involved, expounding methods and writing rules, the book is divided, by the research team, into 2 parts: All Diseases(1) and All Diseases(2). All Diseases(1) includes over 130 slips, 2 000 characters with totally more than 100 disease names, containing multiple clinical disciplines. The elaborated classification, varied naming methods, grasping the symptom characteristics guided by the four diagnostic approaches, paying attention to the comparison of similar diseases, and dealing with the prognosis and healthcare in this part reflect the holism of correspondence between human body and natural environment, and syndrome differentiation thought of combining disease with symptoms and signs, revealing its academic significance.

Photodegradation of diclofenac in aqueous solution by simulated sunlight irradiation: kinetics, thermodynamics and pathways

Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in various water samples. This paper studied the effects of aquatic environmental factors (pH, temperature and dissolved organic matter) on photodegradation of DCF under simulated sunlight. The results demonstrate that degradation pathways proceed via pseudo first-order kinetics in all cases and the photodegradation of DCF by simulated sunlight. Thermodynamic study indicated that the photodegradation course is spontaneous, exothermic and irreversible. The rate constant gradually increased when the pH increased from 3 to 5, then decreased when the pH increased from 5 to 8, and finally increased when the pH further increased from 8 to 12. Humic acid inhibited the photodegradation of DCF. Three kinds of main degradation products were observed by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the degradation pathways were suggested. A toxicity test using Photobacterium phosphoreum T₃ Sp indicated the generation of some more toxic products than DCF.

Photodegradation of diclofenac in seawater by simulated sunlight irradiation: The comprehensive effect of nitrate, Fe(III) and chloride

Diclofenac is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in various aquatic environments. The photodegradation of diclofenac in the absence/presence of nitrate, Fe(III) and chloride, especially their interactions, were systematically studied. Under the study conditions, photodegradation rate was decreased with increasing nitrate, Fe(III) and chloride concentrations. Nitrate has an synergistic action for Fe(III). Nitrate and chloride have antagonistic effect. An antagonistic action is present between nitrate, Fe(III) and chloride. Moreover, a simple linear model which very well describes the results is given.

[Study on the relationship between frequencies of prenatal care and neonatal low birth weight in women of childbearing age from rural areas of Shaanxi province]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between frequencies of prenatal care and neonatal low birth weight (LBW) among women of childbearing age from the rural areas of Shaanxi province. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among the childbearing-aged women from the rural areas. Samples were selected through multi stage stratified random sampling method. The childbearing aged women were in pregnancy or having had definite outcomes of pregnancy. Measurement of data was described by median±standard deviation, and chi square test was used to compare the rates. Neonatal low birth weight and frequencies of prenatal care were dependent variables and independent variables grouped into the generalized Poisson regression model. Confounding factors were under control. Results: The overall incidence rate of LBW was 3.75% among 18 911 rural women of childbearing age during 2010-2013. Frequencies on pregnancy care were up to 15 times (0.70%), with a minimum of 0 (0.70%), an average of 5.65±2.74 times (including ≥10 times accounted for 12.37%; ≥7 times accounted for 28.52%; ≥5 times accounted for 62.80% and <4 times accounted for 21.49%). After controlling confounding factors, results from the generalized Poisson regression analysis revealed that the difference was statistically significant when compared to the reference group. The incidence of neonatal LBW in the <4 group was 1.61 times of the one in the >7 group (OR=1.61, 95%CI:1.31-2.00) while in the <4 group it was 1.23 times of the 4-7 group (OR=1.23, 95% CI:1.04-1.45). Conclusion: In the rural areas of Shaanxi province, the incidence of neonatal LBW was gradually reduced through the increasing number of frequencies on prenatal care, among women of childbearing age.

[Relationship between reproductive history and preterm births in the last pregnancy, in Shaanxi province]

Objective: To analyze the incidence of preterm delivery among single live neonates and the association between maternal reproductive history and preterm birth. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on reproductive history among women at childbearing age who were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling method in Shaanxi, during 2010-2013. Samples would include women at childbearing age and in pregnancy or having had definite pregnancy outcomes. Results: A total of 29 608 women at childbearing age with their infants, were studied. The overall incidence of premature delivery among the single live birth neonates under this study, was 2.7% during 2010-2013. Results from the logistic regression model showed that factors as: having had history with preterm delivery (OR=7.99, 95%CI: 5.59-11.43), age of the mothers, older than 35 (OR= 2.03, 95% CI: 1.59-2.59) and with history of birth defects (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.34) were at higher risks for premature delivery in neonates. Intervals on pregnancies between 3-4 years (compared with ≤2 years, OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.58-0.93), between 5-6 years (compared with ≤2 years, OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.52-0.82), or> 6 years (compared with ≤2 years, OR=0.48, 95%CI:0.37-0.61) together with numbers of parity as 1 (compared with primiparas, OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.95), as ≥2 (compared with primiparas, OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.39-0.97) etc. were protective factors to preterm delivery. Factors as: history of preterm delivery, mothers age (older than 35 years) and intervals of pregnancy, appeared influential to the age of gestation, under the ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The incidence of preterm births among single live birth neonates in Shaanxi was lower than the average national level. Programs related to health care services prior to conception and during pregnancy, together with increasing the self-care consciousness of childbearing aged women etc, should all be strengthened in order to reduce the occurrence of preterm birth, in Shaanxi province.

[A preliminary discussion on the contents and value of Shi er mai (Twelve Channels) and Bie mai (Allo-channels), the medical bamboo slips unearthed from Han tomb in Laoguanshan of Chengdu]

The 52 medical bamboo slips entitled Si er ma (Twelve Channels) and Bie mai (Allo-channels) , unearthed from Han tomb in Laoguanshan, are the exclusive medical books concerning channels. Shi er mai is the first work bearing the term " heart dominating channel" , and the running pathways and manifestations of 12 channels. This book could be the major original sources of the 12-channel theories described in the Chapter of Jing mai (Channels) of Ling shu (Miraculous Pivot) . While Bie mai suggests the coexistence of the multi-channel systems at the time when the book was compiled and, together with the 12 "channel" , and 3 "branched collaterals" , these 2 books represent the original condition before the establishment of the mode of channel circulation in Ling shu, and is significant to explore the nature and origin of channel.

[Effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia on learning memory capacity after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia on learning memory capacity in rat after ischemia.

METHODS

Eighty healthy male wister rats were randomly divided into: sham operation group (SO group, n=20), merely ischemia group (I/R group, n=20), and obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia for 7 days ischemia group (IH7+ I/R group, n=20), obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia for 21 days ischemia group (IH21+ I/R group, n=20). Obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia ischemia groups were respectively given obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia for 7 days and 21 days. Ischemia animals were prepared cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model by improved pulsinelli four vessels block (4-VO), the morphological changes of hippocampus nerve cells of rat brain were detected with HE, neuron pathology in hippocampal regin was observed using electron microscope, and learning memory capacity of rats were assessed by the Morris water maze test.

RESULTS

Compared with the SO group, the I/R group demonstrated shortened escaping latency, increased frequency of crossing the platform in the water maze test, decreased survival rate of neurons, and increased apoptotic cells and ultrastructure damages(P<0.05). Compared with the I/R group, obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia ischemia groups showed shortened escaping latency, increased frequency of crossing the platform, decreased survival rate of neurons, and increased apoptotic cells and ultrastructure damages(P<0.05), especially in the IH21+ I/R group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia can increase the damage of learning memory capacity. This damage is related to hippocampus nerve loss and ultrastructure injury from obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia.

[Effect of folic acid supplementation in childbearing aged women during pregnancy on neonate birth weight in Shaanxi province]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of folic acid supplementation in childbearing aged women during pregnancy on the birth weight of newborns in Shaanxi province.

METHODS

A questionnaire survey was conducted among the childbearing aged women selected through multistage stratified random sampling in Shaanxi during 2010-2013, all of these childbearing aged women were in pregnancy or had definite pregnancy outcomes. The birth weight of newborns and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were used as the dependent variables and independent variables respectively in multiple linear regression model and quantile regression model and confounding factors were controlled.

RESULTS

Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the birth weight of newborns whose mothers had folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were significantly higher than those whose mothers had no folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, an average increase of 29.56 g(B=29.56, t=4.69 and P<0.01). Quantile regression analysis showed from very low to higher percentiles(q=0-0.55, q=0.65, q=0.75-0.80), the birth weights of newborns whose mothers supplemented folic acid were higher than those whose mother did not supplement folic acid, the difference was significant, but the increase varied. As the increase of the percentiles of birth weight, the body weight increase declined gradually in those whose mothers had folic acid supplementation compared with those whose mothers had no folic acid supplementation.

CONCLUSION

Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy can increase the birth weight of newborns, the influence was greater in newborns with lower body weight than in newborns with higher body weight.

[A preliminary evaluation and discussion on the significance of the medical bamboo slips Ci shu (Needling Methods) unearthed from a Han tomb in the Mount. Laoguan, Chengdu]

The compilation of medical bamboo slips, Ci shu(Needling Methods), which was unearthed from a Han tomb in Mt. Laoguan, is a monograph dealing exclusively with the principles of clinical acupuncture manipulations with 40 acupuncture prescriptions, being the earliest unearthed work with documented standard methods of acupuncture manipulations and acupuncture prescriptions in China. The chapter Zhen fang (Acupuncture Prescriptions) is the earliest summary of standardized acupoint prescriptions up to now in China, which is of great significance to clinical practice directly derived from ancient clinical performance of acupuncture. The chapter Zhen fang of the book Ci shu is also one of the earliest ancient clinical reports archiving the acupoint. This may provide invaluable perspectives to the study of the conceptualization, origination, development, formation of theoretical system, and clinical application of acupoints.