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Lee KM, Nam K, Oh S, Lim J, Lee T, Shin I. ECM1 promotes the Warburg effect through EGF-mediated activation of PKM2. Cell Signal 2015; 27:228-35. [PMID: 25446258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is an oncogenic metabolic switch that allows cancer cells to take up more glucose than normal cells and favors anaerobic glycolysis. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is overexpressed in various types of carcinoma. Using two-dimensional digest-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS, we showed that the expression of proteins associated with the Warburg effect was upregulated in trastuzumab-resistant BT-474 cells that overexpressed ECM1 compared to control cells. We further demonstrated that ECM1 induced the expression of genes that promote the Warburg effect, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α). The phosphorylation status of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) at Ser37, which is responsible for the expression of genes that promote the Warburg effect, was affected by the modulation of ECM1 expression. Moreover, EGF-dependent ERK activation that was regulated by ECM1 induced not only PKM2 phosphorylation but also gene expression of GLUT1 and LDHA. These findings provide evidence that ECM1 plays an important role in promoting the Warburg effect mediated by PKM2.
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152
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Cholewa B, Pellitteri-Hahn MC, Scarlett CO, Ahmad N. Large-scale label-free comparative proteomics analysis of polo-like kinase 1 inhibition via the small-molecule inhibitor BI 6727 (Volasertib) in BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma cells. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5041-50. [PMID: 24884503 PMCID: PMC4227549 DOI: 10.1021/pr5002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role during the cell cycle by regulating mitotic entry, progression, and exit. Plk1 is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and is essential to sustained oncogenic proliferation, thus making Plk1 an attractive therapeutic target. However, the clinical efficacy of Plk1 inhibition has not emulated the preclinical success, stressing an urgent need for a better understanding of Plk1 signaling. This study addresses that need by utilizing a quantitative proteomics strategy to compare the proteome of BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma cells following treatment with the Plk1-specific inhibitor BI 6727. Employing label-free nano-LC-MS/MS technology on a Q-exactive followed by SIEVE processing, we identified more than 20 proteins of interest, many of which have not been previously associated with Plk1 signaling. Here we report the down-regulation of multiple metabolic proteins with an associated decrease in cellular metabolism, as assessed by lactate and NAD levels. Furthermore, we have also identified the down-regulation of multiple proteasomal subunits, resulting in a significant decrease in 20S proteasome activity. Additionally, we have identified a novel association between Plk1 and p53 through heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (hnRNPC), thus providing valuable insight into Plk1's role in cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian
D. Cholewa
- Department of Dermatology, Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Molly C. Pellitteri-Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Cameron O. Scarlett
- Department of Dermatology, Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, Molecular and Environmental Toxicology
Center, and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- William
S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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153
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Zhou X, Chen R, Xie W, Ni Y, Liu J, Huang G. Relationship between 18F-FDG accumulation and lactate dehydrogenase A expression in lung adenocarcinomas. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1766-71. [PMID: 25342384 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (18)F-FDG PET has been widely used in the management of malignant tumors. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) plays an important role in the development, invasion, and metastasis of malignancies. However, the relationship between (18)F-FDG accumulation and LDHA expression has not been investigated. METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted for 51 patients with lung adenocarcinomas who underwent (18)F-FDG PET. The relationship between maximum standardized uptake value and the expression of LDHA, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and hexokinase 2 (HK2) were examined. RNA interference was used to analyze the role of LDHA in tumor metabolism and growth in A549 cells. The AKT, also known as protein kinase B, pathway was also investigated to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the relationship between LDHA expression and (18)F-FDG uptake. RESULTS Maximum standardized uptake value was significantly higher in the LDHA high-expression group than the LDHA low-expression group (P = 0.018). GLUT1 expression in lung adenocarcinomas was positively correlated with (18)F-FDG accumulation and LDHA expression whereas HK2 expression was not. Knockdown of LDHA led to a significant decrease in GLUT1 expression, (18)F-FDG uptake, and cell proliferation. The activated form of AKT was also decreased after LDHA knockdown. CONCLUSION LDHA increases (18)F-FDG accumulation into non-small cell lung cancer, possibly by upregulation of GLUT1 expression but not HK2 expression. LDHA may modulate (18)F-FDG uptake in lung adenocarcinomas via the AKT-GLUT1 pathway. These results indicate that (18)F-FDG PET/CT may predict LDHA expression levels and response to anti-LDHA therapy in lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruohua Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Department of Cancer Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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154
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Chesnelong C, Chaumeil MM, Blough MD, Al-Najjar M, Stechishin OD, Chan JA, Pieper RO, Ronen SM, Weiss S, Luchman HA, Cairncross JG. Lactate dehydrogenase A silencing in IDH mutant gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2013; 16:686-95. [PMID: 24366912 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 gene (IDH1/2) were initially thought to enhance cancer cell survival and proliferation by promoting the Warburg effect. However, recent experimental data have shown that production of 2-hydroxyglutarate by IDH mutant cells promotes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α degradation and, by doing so, may have unexpected metabolic effects. METHODS We used human glioma tissues and derived brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) to study the expression of HIF1α target genes in IDH mutant ((mt)) and IDH wild-type ((wt)) tumors. Focusing thereafter on the major glycolytic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), we used standard molecular methods and pyrosequencing-based DNA methylation analysis to identify mechanisms by which LDHA expression was regulated in human gliomas. RESULTS We found that HIF1α-responsive genes, including many essential for glycolysis (SLC2A1, PDK1, LDHA, SLC16A3), were underexpressed in IDH(mt) gliomas and/or derived BTSCs. We then demonstrated that LDHA was silenced in IDH(mt) derived BTSCs, including those that did not retain the mutant IDH1 allele (mIDH(wt)), matched BTSC xenografts, and parental glioma tissues. Silencing of LDHA was associated with increased methylation of the LDHA promoter, as was ectopic expression of mutant IDH1 in immortalized human astrocytes. Furthermore, in a search of The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found low expression and high methylation of LDHA in IDH(mt) glioblastomas. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of downregulation of LDHA in cancer. Although unexpected findings, silencing of LDHA and downregulation of several other glycolysis essential genes raise the intriguing possibility that IDH(mt) gliomas have limited glycolytic capacity, which may contribute to their slow growth and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Chesnelong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (C.C., M.D.B., M.A.-N., J.A.C., S.W., J.G.C.); Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Health Research Innovation Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (O.D.S., S.W., H.A.L.); Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.A.C.); Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Health Research Innovation Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (C.C., M.D.B., M.A.-N., J.A.C., S.W., H.A.L., J.G.C.); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Health Research Innovation Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (O.D.S., S.W., H.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, California (M.M.C., S.M.R.); Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, California (R.O.P)
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155
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Chavez-Perez VA, Strasberg-Rieber M, Rieber M. Hypoxia and hypoxia mimetic cooperate to counteract tumor cell resistance to glucose starvation preferentially in tumor cells with mutant p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:120-5. [PMID: 24275138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that exogenous pyruvate promotes survival under glucose depletion in aerobic mutant p53 (R175H) human melanoma cells. Others subsequently indicated that mutant p53 tumor cells undergo p53 degradation and cell death under aerobic glucose-free conditions. Since glucose starvation occurs in hypoxic gradients of poorly vascularized tumors, we investigated the role of p53 siRNA under hypoxia in wt p53 C8161 melanoma using glucose starvation or 5mM physiological glucose. p53 Silencing decreased survival of glucose-starved C8161 melanoma with pyruvate supplementation under hypoxia (≤1% oxygen), but increased resistance to glycolytic inhibitors oxamate and 2-deoxyglucose in 5mM glucose, preferentially under normoxia. Aiming to counteract hypoxic tumor cell survival irrespective of p53 status, genetically-matched human C8161 melanoma harboring wt p53 or mutant p53 (R175H) were used combining true hypoxia (≤1% oxygen) and hypoxia mimetic CoCl2. No significant decrease in metabolic activity was evidenced in C8161 melanoma irrespective of p53 status in 2.5mM glucose after 48h of physical hypoxia. However, combining the latter with 100μM CoCl2 was preferentially toxic for mutant p53 C8161 melanoma, and was enhanced by catalase in wt p53 C8161 cells. Downregulation of MnSOD and LDHA accompanied the toxicity induced by hypoxia and CoCl2 in 5mM glucose, and these changes were enhanced by oxamate or 2-deoxyglucose. Our results show for the first time that survival of malignant cells in a hypoxic microenvironment can be counteracted by hypoxia mimetic co-treatment in a p53 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A Chavez-Perez
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), CMBC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Mary Strasberg-Rieber
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), CMBC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Rieber
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), CMBC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
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156
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Wang X, Wu D, Yang L, Gan L, Cederbaum AI. Cytochrome P450 2E1 potentiates ethanol induction of hypoxia and HIF-1α in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:175-86. [PMID: 23669278 PMCID: PMC3729858 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol induces hypoxia and elevates HIF-1α in the liver. CYP2E1 plays a role in the mechanisms by which ethanol generates oxidative stress, fatty liver, and liver injury. This study evaluated whether CYP2E1 contributes to ethanol-induced hypoxia and activation of HIF-1α in vivo and whether HIF-1α protects against or promotes CYP2E1-dependent toxicity in vitro. Wild-type (WT), CYP2E1-knock-in (KI), and CYP2E1 knockout (KO) mice were fed ethanol chronically; pair-fed controls received isocaloric dextrose. Ethanol produced liver injury in the KI mice to a much greater extent than in the WT and KO mice. Protein levels of HIF-1α and downstream targets of HIF-1α activation were elevated in the ethanol-fed KI mice compared to the WT and KO mice. Levels of HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2, which promotes HIF-1α degradation, were decreased in the ethanol-fed KI mice in association with the increases in HIF-1α. Hypoxia occurred in the ethanol-fed CYP2E1 KI mice as shown by an increased area of staining using the hypoxia-specific marker pimonidazole. Hypoxia was lower in the ethanol-fed WT mice and lowest in the ethanol-fed KO mice and all the dextrose-fed mice. In situ double staining showed that pimonidazole and CYP2E1 were colocalized to the same area of injury in the hepatic centrilobule. Increased protein levels of HIF-1α were also found after acute ethanol treatment of KI mice. Treatment of HepG2 E47 cells, which express CYP2E1, with ethanol plus arachidonic acid (AA) or ethanol plus buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes glutathione, caused loss of cell viability to a greater extent than in HepG2 C34 cells, which do not express CYP2E1. These treatments elevated protein levels of HIF-1α to a greater extent in E47 cells than in C34 cells. 2-Methoxyestradiol, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, blunted the toxic effects of ethanol plus AA and ethanol plus BSO in the E47 cells in association with inhibition of HIF-1α. The HIF-1α inhibitor also blocked the elevated oxidative stress produced by ethanol/AA or ethanol/BSO in the E47 cells. These results suggest that CYP2E1 plays a role in ethanol-induced hypoxia, oxidative stress, and activation of HIF-1α and that HIF-1α contributes to CYP2E1-dependent ethanol-induced toxicity. Blocking HIF-1α activation and actions may have therapeutic implications for protection against ethanol/CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress, steatosis, and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Defeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lixia Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Co-corresponding author,
| | - Arthur I Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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157
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Chan B, VanderLaan PA, Sukhatme VP. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase regulates tumor cell migration in vitro by regulating receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:247-51. [PMID: 23973484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is the third enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Recently, we reported that knockdown of 6PGD inhibited lung tumor growth in vitro and in a xenograft model in mice. In this study, we continued to examine the functional role of 6PGD in cancer. We show that 6PGD expression positively correlates with advancing stage of lung carcinoma. In search of functional signals related to 6PGD, we discovered that knockdown of 6PGD significantly inhibited phosphorylation of c-Met at tyrosine residues known to be critical for activity. This downregulation of c-Met phosphorylation correlated with inhibition of cell migration in vitro. Overexpression of a constitutively active c-Met specifically rescued the migration but not proliferation phenotype of 6PGD knockdown. Therefore, 6PGD appears to be required for efficient c-Met signaling and migration of tumor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barden Chan
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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158
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Hsu CC, Wang CH, Wu LC, Hsia CY, Chi CW, Yin PH, Chang CJ, Sung MT, Wei YH, Lu SH, Lee HC. Mitochondrial dysfunction represses HIF-1α protein synthesis through AMPK activation in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4743-51. [PMID: 23791554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important transcription factor that modulates cellular responses to hypoxia and also plays critical roles in cancer progression. Recently, somatic mutations and decreased copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These mutations were shown to have the potential to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the effects and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction on HIF-1α function are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction regulates HIF-1α expression. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with various mitochondrial respiration inhibitors and an uncoupler, respectively, and the mRNA and protein expressions as well as transactivation activity of HIF-1α were determined. The role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was further analyzed by compound C and AMPK knock-down. RESULTS Treatments of mitochondrial inhibitors and an uncoupler respectively reduced both the protein level and transactivation activity of HIF-1α in HepG2 cells under normoxia or hypoxia. The mitochondrial dysfunction-repressed HIF-1α protein synthesis was associated with decreased phosphorylations of p70(S6K) and 4E-BP-1. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction decreased intracellular ATP content and elevated the phosphorylation of AMPK. Treatments with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and knock-down of AMPK partially rescued the mitochondrial dysfunction-repressed HIF-1α expression. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunctions resulted in reduced HIF-1α protein synthesis through AMPK-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provided a mechanism for communication from mitochondria to the nucleus through AMPK-HIF-1α. Mitochondrial function is important for HIF-1α expression in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Hsu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
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