151
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Patton JL, Brylski PV. Pocket Gophers in Alfalfa Fields: Causes and Consequences of Habitat-Related Body Size Variation. Am Nat 1987. [DOI: 10.1086/284727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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152
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Hafner MS, Hafner JC, Patton JL, Smith MF. Macrogeographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation in the Pocket Gopher Thomomys umbrinus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.2307/2413305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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153
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Abstract
Recent studies have contrasted the expression of phenotypic traits, such as variance in morphological characters, with levels of genetic variation (heterozygosity) as determined by electrophoretic analysis of protein-coding loci. The theoretical basis for interpreting significant covariation stems in part from Lerner's work on genetic homeostasis, which predicts that within populations increased heterozygosity will produce decreased morphological variance, owing to a buffering effect of heterosis during development. However, the prediction for the relationship between genic heterozygosity and the variance of morphological traits among populations is unclear. To determine if a relationship existed between heterozygosity and morphological variance, we compared estimates of heterozygosity and morphological variance across 15 population samples of the fox sparrow and 17 samples of the pocket gopher. The estimates of morphological variance included coefficients of variation for each character and the variance of individual scores about the population mean in a principal components analysis. Although several recent studies have reported a significant relationship between heterozygosity and morphological variance, we found that the two measures do not covary significantly.
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154
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Barros MA, Patton JL. Genome evolution in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). III. Fluorochrome-revealed heterochromatin heterogeneity. Chromosoma 1985; 92:337-43. [PMID: 4053789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00327464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterochromatin is a dominant component of the genome in the bottae group of the pocket gopher genus Thomomys, having had a major role in the karyotypic evolution of member species. Heterochromatin characteristics of two subspecies of T. bottae and one of T. umbrinus were examined with fluorochrome dyes identifying presumptive GC- and AT-rich regions. In two karyotype forms of T. b. fulvus and in T. umbrinus, chromatin that fluoresces brightly with chromomycin A3 is also C-band positive, although not all heterochromatin fluoresces. However, in T. b. bottae, only euchromatic regions fluoresce brightly with chromomycin. Fluorescence patterns produced with DAPI are the reverse of the chromomycin banding in all karyotypic forms. Heterochromatin in these taxa is thus highly differentiated, exhibiting heterogeneity in staining characteristics, and presumably in underlying DNA sequences, both across the genome within a given chromosomal complement as well as among the different karyotypic races and species of the bottae group of pocket gophers.
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155
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Roumillat LF, Patton JL, Davis ML. Monoclonal antibodies to a monkeypox virus polypeptide determinant. J Virol 1984; 52:290-2. [PMID: 6207310 PMCID: PMC254519 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.52.1.290-292.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three monkeypox virus (MPV) antibody-secreting murine monoclones were characterized as being of the immunoglobulin G1 isotype, gave a 4+ reaction in the indirect fluorescent-antibody test, gave a positive reaction in the enzyme immunoassay, and did not neutralize MPV. These monoclonal antibodies were determined by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis transblot method to react to a 15,500-molecular-weight MPV polypeptide. This reactivity could not be removed by adsorption to a vaccinia virus-infected cell suspension. The three monoclonal antibodies were specific for MPV when tested against epidemiologically unrelated isolates of cowpox virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, and MPV.
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156
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Smith MF, Patton JL. Dynamics of Morphological Differentiation: Temporal Impact of Gene Flow in Pocket Gopher Populations. Evolution 1984. [DOI: 10.2307/2408441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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157
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158
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Hafner JC, Hafner DJ, Patton JL, Smith MF. Contact Zones and the Genetics of Differentiation in the Pocket Gopher Thomomys bottae (Rodentia: Geomyidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.2307/2413215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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159
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Sherwood SW, Patton JL. Genome evolution in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). II. Variation in cellular DNA content. Chromosoma 1982; 85:163-79. [PMID: 7117027 DOI: 10.1007/bf00294963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular DNA content (2 C-value) was measured by fluorescence flow cytometry of chromomycin-A3 stained spleen cells in 2 subgenera, 5 species, and 21 subspecies of pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). The data indicate that, in Thomomys: (1) interspecific variation is extensive but, while some congeneric species differ by as much as 230%, others are identical in C-value: (2) intraspecific differentiation can be extensive with C-values differing by as much as 35%; and (3) populations of the same subspecies with apparently similar karyotypes can differ significantly in C-value. The implications of these results for hypotheses of the "adaptive" significance of C-value variation and genome evolution are discussed.
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160
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Patton JL, Sherwood SW. Genome evolution in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). I. Heterochromatin variation and speciation potential. Chromosoma 1982; 85:149-62. [PMID: 7117026 DOI: 10.1007/bf00294962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A basic dichotomy exists in the amount and chromosomal position of constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) in species of pocket gophers, genus Thomomys. Members of the "talpoides-group" of species (e.g., T. talpoides and T. monticola) have C-bands restricted to the centromeric regions. These taxa are characterized by Robertsonian patterns of karyotypic evolution. In contrast, species within the "bottae-group" are characterized by extensive amounts of heterochromatin, placed as whole-arm and apparent whole-chromosome (T. bottae) or as large interstitial blocks (T. umbrinus). These species are characterized by extensive non-Robertsonian variation in karyotype, variation which may be expressed from local population polymorphism to between population or species polytypy. Within T. bottae, the number of whole-arm heterochromatic autosomes is inversely proportional to the number of uniarmed chromosomes in the complement, which ranges from 0 to 36 across the species populations. In all-biarmed karyotypic populations, upward to 60 percent of the linear length of the genome is composed of heterochromatin. Populations with extensive heterochromatin variation and those with similar amounts meet and hybridize freely in nature. The implications of these date for current ideas on the function of heterochromatin, particularly as related to speciation models, are discussed.
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161
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Patton JL. Evolutionary Mechanisms:
Evolution Today
. Proceedings of a congress, Vancouver, Canada, July 1980. Geoffrey G. E. Scudder and James L. Reveal, Eds. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, 1981. iv, 486 pp., illus. Paper, $18. Science 1982; 216:287-8. [PMID: 17832738 DOI: 10.1126/science.216.4543.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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162
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Patton JL, Feder JH. Microspatial Genetic Heterogeneity in Pocket Gophers: Non-Random Breeding and Drift. Evolution 1981. [DOI: 10.2307/2407862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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163
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Straney DO, Patton JL. Phylogenetic and Environmental Determinants of Geographic Variation of the Pocket Mouse Perognathus goldmani Osgood. Evolution 1980. [DOI: 10.2307/2407995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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164
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Wake MH, Hafner JC, Hafner MS, Klosterman LL, Patton JL. The karyotype of Typhlonectes compressicauda (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) with comments on chromosome evolution in caecilians. EXPERIENTIA 1980; 36:171-2. [PMID: 7371747 DOI: 10.1007/bf01953713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Typhlonectes compressicauda has a diploid number of 28. Its karyotype, when compared to that of other caecilians, suggests some discordance in the hypothesized model of chromosome reduction in the evolution of amphibian lineages.
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165
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Patton JL, Hafner JC, Hafner MS, Smith MF. Hybrid Zones in Thomomys bottae Pocket Gophers: Genetic, Phenetic, and Ecologic Concordance Patterns. Evolution 1979. [DOI: 10.2307/2407651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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166
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Patton JL. Infant death by nationality of the mother in the Borough of Haringey, 1969-72 and 1973-75. Public Health 1978; 92:4-8. [PMID: 628708 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(78)80094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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167
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Patton JL, Yang SY. Genetic Variation in Thomomys bottae Pocket Gophers: Macrogeographic Patterns. Evolution 1977. [DOI: 10.2307/2407434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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168
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Bush GL, Case SM, Wilson AC, Patton JL. Rapid speciation and chromosomal evolution in mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74:3942-6. [PMID: 269445 PMCID: PMC431793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.9.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that population subdivision into small demes promotes both rapid speciation and evolutionary changes in gene arrangement by inbreeding and drift, we estimated rates of speciation and rates of chromosomal evolution in 225 genera of vertebrates. Rates of speciation were estimated by considering the number of living species in each genus and the fossil record of each genus as well as information about extinction rates. Speciation rate was strongly correlated with rate of chromosomal evolution and average rates of speciation in lower vertebrate genera were one-fifth those in mammalian genera. Genera with high karyotypic diversity and rapid speciation rates may generally have small effective population size (Ne), whereas large Ne values may be associated with karyotypically uniform genera and slow rates of speciation. Speciation and chromosomal evolution seem fastest in those genera with species organized into clans or harems (e.g., some primates and horses) or with limited adult vagility and juvenile dispersal, patchy distribution, and strong individual territoriality (e.g., some rodents). This is consistent with the above hypothesis regarding the evolutionary importance of demes.
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169
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Patton JL. B-chromosome systems in the pocket mouse, Perognathus baileyi: meiosis and C-band studies. Chromosoma 1977; 60:1-14. [PMID: 858258 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heterochromatin characteristics and meiotic behavior of the B-chromosome system of the pocket mouse, Perognathus baileyi, and described. B-chromosomes are associated both with a meiotic accumulation mechanism and with an increase in average chiasma frequency in the A-chromosome set in males. Three morphological classes of B-chromosomes are recognizable, and the mechanisms of origin of each are discussed.
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170
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Patton JL, MacArthur H, Yang SY. Systematic relationships of the four-toed populations of Dipodomys heermanni. J Mammal 1976; 57:159-63. [PMID: 1255026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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171
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Patton JL, Yang SY, Myers P. Genetic and Morphologic Divergence among Introduced Rat Populations (Rattus rattus) of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.2307/2412717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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172
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Patton JL, Myers P. Chromosomal identity of black rats (Rattus rattus) from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. EXPERIENTIA 1974; 30:1140-2. [PMID: 4435115 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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173
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Warner JW, Patton JL, Gardner AL, Baker RJ. Karyotypic analyses of twenty-one species of molossid bats (Molossidae: Chiroptera). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND CYTOLOGY. JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GENETIQUE ET DE CYTOLOGIE 1974; 16:165-76. [PMID: 4407328 DOI: 10.1139/g74-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Examination of 135 specimens representing 21 species from seven genera of the family Molossidae revealed diploid numbers ranging from 34 to 48. Seventeen species from six genera have diploid numbers of 48. Geographic variation and polymorphism were found only in Eumops glaucinus. Chromosomal variation within the family is presumed to be primarily due to changes in diploid number resulting from Robertsonian translocations.
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174
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Patton JL. An analysis of natural hybridization between the pocket gophers, Thomomys bottae and Thomomys umbrinus, in Arizona. J Mammal 1973; 54:561-84. [PMID: 4744930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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175
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Patton JL. An Analysis of Natural Hybridization between the Pocket gophers, Thomomys bottae and Thomomys umbrinus, in Arizona. J Mammal 1973. [DOI: 10.2307/1378959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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176
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Patton JL. Patterns of Geographic Variation in Karyotype in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae (Eydoux and Gervais). Evolution 1972. [DOI: 10.2307/2407054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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177
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Patton JL, Selander RK, Smith MH. Genic Variation in Hybridizing Populations of Gophers (Genus Thomomys). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.2307/2412164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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178
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Patton JL. A complex system of chromosomal variation in the pocket mouse, Perognathus baileyi Merriam. Chromosoma 1972; 36:241-55. [PMID: 5025664 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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179
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Orton WT, White AB, Patton JL. Possible transmission of typhoid fever by an asymptomatic infant. Public Health 1971; 85:167-70. [PMID: 5091062 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(71)80056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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180
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Patton JL, Gardner AL. Parallel evolution of multiple sex-chromosome systems in the phyllostomatid bats. Carollia and Choeroniscus. EXPERIENTIA 1971; 27:105-6. [PMID: 5549219 DOI: 10.1007/bf02137768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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181
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Patton JL. Karyotypic variation following an elevational gradient in the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae grahamensis Goldman. Chromosoma 1970; 31:41-50. [PMID: 5489356 DOI: 10.1007/bf00321154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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182
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183
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Patton JL. Lead poisoning--five cases. NURSING TIMES 1968; 64:284. [PMID: 5637275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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184
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Patton JL. Chromosomes and Evolutionary Trends in the Pocket Mouse Subgenus Perognathus (Rodentia: Heteromyidae). SOUTHWEST NAT 1967. [DOI: 10.2307/3669609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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185
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Lowe CH, Cole CJ, Patton JL. Karyotype evolution and speciation in lizards (genus Sceloporus) during evolution of the North American desert. SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY 1967; 16:296-300. [PMID: 6064272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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186
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Lowe CH, Cole CJ, Patton JL. Karyotype Evolution and Speciation in Lizards (Genus Sceloporus) During Evolution of the North American Desert. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.2307/2412149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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187
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Patton JL, Hsu TC. Chromosomes of the Golden Mouse, Peromyscus (Ochrotomys) nuttalli (Harlan). J Mammal 1967. [DOI: 10.2307/1377588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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188
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Baker RJ, Patton JL. Karyotypes and Karyotypic Variation of North American Vespertilionid Bats. J Mammal 1967. [DOI: 10.2307/1378031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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189
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Patton JL. Chromosome Studies of Certain Pocket Mice, Genus Perognathus (Rodentia: Heteromyidae). J Mammal 1967. [DOI: 10.2307/1378167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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190
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Patton JL. Chromosome studies of certain pocket mice, genus Perognathus (Rodentia: heteromyidae). J Mammal 1967; 48:27-37. [PMID: 6045181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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191
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Patton JL, Heed WB, Lowe CH. Inversion Frequency Analysis of Drosophila pseudoobscura in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.2307/40022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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