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Morley DCW, Schofield DG, Allen L, Jones DGC. Spatial coherence and mode structure in the He-Ne laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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77
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78
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O'Neil AT, MacVicar I, Allen L, Padgett MJ. Intrinsic and extrinsic nature of the orbital angular momentum of a light beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:053601. [PMID: 11863722 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We explain that, unlike the spin angular momentum of a light beam which is always intrinsic, the orbital angular momentum may be either extrinsic or intrinsic. Numerical calculations of both spin and orbital angular momentum are confirmed by means of experiments with particles trapped off axis in optical tweezers, where the size of the particle means it interacts with only a fraction of the beam profile. Orbital angular momentum is intrinsic only when the interaction with matter is about an axis where there is no net transverse momentum.
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Padgett MJ, Allen L. Orbital angular momentum exchange in cylindrical-lens mode converters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4266/4/2/362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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80
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Allen L. Elective admissions to suit the individual. NURSING TIMES 2001; 97:30-2. [PMID: 11966022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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81
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Menza M, Lauritano M, Allen L, Warman M, Ostella F, Hamer RM, Escobar J. Treatment of somatization disorder with nefazodone: a prospective, open-label study. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2001; 13:153-8. [PMID: 11791953 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012285524965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatization disorder (SD) is commonly seen in medical clinics and is associated with significant impairment in functioning as well as excessive utilization of health care. While antidepressants have been studied in some functional somatic syndromes such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue, there are no pharmacologic treatment studies of SD itself. In this prospective, 8-week, open-label study, 15 patients diagnosed with either full SD or abridged somatization, by Escobar's criteria (four unexplained physical symptoms for men or six for women), were given nefazodone, titrated to 150 mg bid. The primary outcomes included measures of physical symptom severity (visual analogue scale), functioning (SF-36), and overall improvement (CGI). Fourteen of the 15 patients achieved the target dose of 300 mg/day and completed the trial. 73% of the patients were rated as improved on the CGI, 79% improved on the self-rated visual analogue scale and 73% of the patients improved on the SF-36. There was significant improvement for the whole group (prepost) on the SF-36, as well as on the HAM-D and the HAM-A. Of the nine patients with a categorical depression diagnosis, 55% of them were rated as improved on the CGI, and 67% improved on both the VAS and the SF-36. Of the six nondepressed patients, 67% were rated as improved on the CGI, 83% improved on the SF-36, and 50% improved on the VAS. Adverse events were generally mild and resulted in only one discontinuation. Although these data need to be confirmed in a larger, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, they suggest that patients with SD will accept and tolerate therapy with nefazodone and that nefazodone may be a useful treatment for these patients.
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82
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Hawgood S, Akiyama J, Brown C, Allen L, Li G, Poulain FR. GM-CSF mediates alveolar macrophage proliferation and type II cell hypertrophy in SP-D gene-targeted mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280:L1148-56. [PMID: 11350793 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.6.l1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in surfactant protein (SP) D develop increased surfactant pool sizes and dramatic changes in alveolar macrophages and type II cells. To test the hypothesis that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mediates alveolar macrophage proliferation and activation and the type II cell hypertrophy seen in SP-D null mice, we bred SP-D and GM-CSF gene-targeted mice to obtain littermate double null, single null, and wild-type mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of phospholipid, protein, SP-D, SP-A, and GM-CSF were measured from 1 to 4 mo. There was an approximately additive accumulation of phospholipid, total protein, and SP-A at each time point. Microscopy showed normal macrophage number and morphology in GM-CSF null mice, numerous giant foamy macrophages and hypertrophic type II cells in SP-D null mice, and large but not foamy macrophages and mostly normal type II cells in double null mice. These results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the alveolar surfactant accumulation in the SP-D-deficient and GM-CSF-deficient mice are different and that GM-CSF mediates some of the macrophage and type II cell changes seen in SP-D null mice.
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83
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Allen L. Action needed to stem HIV, hepatitis C in California prisons. AIDS POLICY & LAW 2001; 16:3. [PMID: 11668826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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84
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Allen L. Calif. hit with largest-ever class action for prison conditions. AIDS POLICY & LAW 2001; 16:7. [PMID: 11590860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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85
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Roberts C, Allen L, Langmead CJ, Hagan JJ, Middlemiss DN, Price GW. The effect of SB-269970, a 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist, on 5-HT release from serotonergic terminals and cell bodies. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:1574-80. [PMID: 11264252 PMCID: PMC1572709 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The presence of 5-HT(7) receptor mRNA and protein in 5-HT neurons suggests that this receptor may act as a 5-HT autoreceptor. In this study, the effect of the 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist, SB-269970 ((R)-1-[3-hydroxy phenyl)sulfonyl]-2-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine), was investigated on 5-HT release in the guinea-pig and rat cortex and the rat dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), using the techniques of in vitro [(3)H]-5-HT release or fast cyclic voltammetry, respectively. 2. Cortical slices were loaded with [(3)H]-5-HT and release was evoked by electrical stimulation. 5-CT inhibited the evoked release of [(3)H]-5-HT in a concentration-dependent manner. SB-269970 had no significant effect on [(3)H]-5-HT release while the 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist, SB-224289 significantly potentiated [(3)H]-5-HT release. In addition, SB-269970 was unable to attenuate the 5-CT-induced inhibition of release while SB-224289 produced a rightward shift of the 5-CT response, generating estimated pK(B) values of 7.8 and 7.6 at the guinea-pig and rat terminal 5-HT autoreceptors respectively. 3. Rat DRN slices were electrically stimulated and the evoked 5-HT efflux detected by voltammetric analysis. 8-OH-DPAT inhibited evoked 5-HT efflux and was fully reversed by WAY 100635. SB-269970 had no effect on either 5-HT efflux per se or 8-OH-DPAT-induced inhibition of 5-HT efflux. In addition, 5-CT inhibited 5-HT efflux in a concentration-dependent manner. SB-269970 was unable to attenuate the 5-CT-induced inhibition of 5-HT efflux. 4. In conclusion, we were unable to provide evidence to suggest a 5-HT autoreceptor role for 5-HT(7) receptors. However, investigations with more selective 5-HT(7) receptor agonists are needed to confirm the data reported here.
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Allen L, Jones DGC, Sayers MD. Variation with cavity Q of the beat frequency between axial modes of a gas laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/2/1/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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87
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Allen L. Comparison of semi-classical and quantum theories for a single-mode laser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/2/4/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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88
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89
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Allen L, Peters GI. Amplified spontaneous emission. II. The connection with laser theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/4/3/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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91
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92
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93
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Peters GI, Allen L. Amplified spontaneous emission. IV. Beam divergence and spatial coherence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/5/4/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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94
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Frayling TM, Evans JC, Bulman MP, Pearson E, Allen L, Owen K, Bingham C, Hannemann M, Shepherd M, Ellard S, Hattersley AT. beta-cell genes and diabetes: molecular and clinical characterization of mutations in transcription factors. Diabetes 2001; 50 Suppl 1:S94-100. [PMID: 11272211 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.2007.s94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
beta-Cell transcription factor genes are important in the pathophysiology of the beta-cell, with mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha, HNF-4alpha, insulin promoter factor (IPF)-1, HNF-1beta, and NeuroD1/BETA2, all resulting in early-onset type 2 diabetes. We assessed the relative contribution of these genes to early-onset type 2 diabetes using linkage and sequencing analysis in a cohort of 101 families (95% U.K. Caucasian). The relative distribution of the 90 families fitting maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) criteria was 63% HNF-1alpha, 2% HNF-4alpha, 0% IPF-1, 1% HNF-1beta, 0% NeuroD1/ BETA2, and 20% glucokinase. We report the molecular genetic and clinical characteristics of these patients including 29 new families and 8 novel HNF-1alpha gene mutations. Mutations in the transactivation domain are more likely to be protein truncating rather than result in amino acid substitutions, suggesting that a relatively severe disruption of this domain is necessary to result in diabetes. Mutations in the different transcription factors result in clinical heterogeneity. IPF-1 mutations are associated with a higher age at diagnosis (42.7 years) than HNF-1alpha (20.4 years), HNF-1beta (24.2 years), or HNF-4alpha (26.3 years) gene mutations. Subjects with HNF-1beta mutations, in contrast to the other transcription factors, frequently present with renal disease. A comparison of age at diagnosis between subjects with different types and locations of HNF-1alpha mutations did not reveal genotype-phenotype correlations. In conclusion, mutations in transcription factors expressed in the beta-cell are the major cause of MODY, and the phenotype clearly varies with the gene that is mutated. There is little evidence to indicate that different mutations within the same gene have different phenotypes.
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Marx BR, Allen L. The wavelength dependence of the polarisation selection rules of the 3s-5s two-photon transition in atomic sodium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/11/17/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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96
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Marx BR, Simons J, Allen L. The effect of laser linewidth on two-photon absorption rates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/11/8/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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97
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Gervais R, Green P, Russell A, Pieschl S, Allen L. Failure on symptom validity tests associated with disability incentives in fibromyalgia patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/15.8.841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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98
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Allen L. Moderated memory deficit exaggeration in face-to-face administration of the Word Memory Test. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-6177(00)80345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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99
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Green P, Allen L. Patterns of memory complaints in 577 consecutive patients passing or failing symptom validity tests. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/15.8.844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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100
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Williamson D, Green P, Allen L, Rohling M. Who's exaggerating? The Category Test and Word Memory Test give different answers. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/15.8.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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