The signaling axis of microRNA-31/interleukin-25 regulates Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation response in colitis

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) is an important regulatory cytokine that has a key role on mucosal immune tolerance during inflammation response. However, the molecular mechanism that regulates the colonic IL-25 expression in Crohn's disease (CD) remains unclear. In this study, IL-25 level was proved to decrease in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice and IL-10 knockout (KO) spontaneous colitis mice. An inverse correlation between IL-25 and miR-31 was discovered in the colons from model mice and CD patients. Furthermore, target validation analysis demonstrated that miR-31 directly regulated IL-25 expression by binding to its messenger RNA 3'-untranslated region. Changing colonic miR-31 level in the colitis mice could affect the mucosal IL-12/23-mediated Th1/Th17 pathway and lead to either amelioration or aggravation of colonic inflammation. In addition, the therapeutic effects of anti-miR-31 in TNBS-induced colitis were abolished by colonic treatment with IL-25 antibody or colonic down-expression of IL-25. Our findings demonstrated that IL-25 could be a crucial anti-inflammatory cytokine in TNBS-induced colitis and the signaling of miR-31 targeting IL-25 might be a possible mechanism that regulates IL-12/23-mediated Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses during colonic inflammation process. Restoring colonic IL-25 expression and blocking Th1/Th17 responses via intracolonic administration of miR-31 inhibitor may represent a promising approach for CD treatment.

[The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adults in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 639 adults enrolled with a multistage method from Jingyuan County. The MS was identified according to Chinese type 2 diabetes prevention guide (2013). Results: Among all the subjects, 17.4% of them met the MS definition with the standardized prevalence of 14.7% after adjustment of sex and age. The prevalence and standardized rate of MS in men were 19.9% and 17.3%, and in women were 15.3% and 13.5%.The prevalence of MS in men was higher than that in women(P<0.001) and increased with aging in both genders. The prevalence and standardized rate of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, high triglycerides, and low HDL-C were 19.5% and 16.7%, 15.0% and 12.9%, 42.0% and 37.1%, 25.8% and 23.1%, 28.5% and 27.7%, respectively. The rate of abdominal obesity was higher in women than in men (20.5% vs 18.2%, P=0.004), whereas the rate of hypertension, high triglycerides, and low HDL-C were higher in men than in women (all P<0.01). The prevalence of having one parameter of the MS was 68.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS is higher in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region, suggesting that a series of comprehensive prevention measures should be carried out to prevent and control the MS so as to improve the public health conditions in rural areas.

Calmodulin as a downstream gene of octopamine-OAR α1 signalling mediates olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts

The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) shows aggregative traits in nymph marching bands and swarm formations through mutual olfactory attraction of conspecifics. However, olfactory preference in different nymph stages in gregarious locusts is not sufficiently explored. In this study, we found that the nymph olfactory preference for gregarious volatiles exhibited obvious variations at different developmental stages. The gregarious locusts show attractive response to conspecific volatiles from the third stadium. Transcriptome comparison between third- and fourth-stadium nymphs showed that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways are significantly enriched. Amongst the genes present in GPCR pathways, the expression level of calmodulin in locust brains significantly increased from the third- to the fourth-stadium nymphs. Amongst the four octopamine receptors (OARs) belonging to the GPCR family, only OAR α1 showed similar expression patterns to those of calmodulin, and knockdown of OAR α1 reduced the expression level of calmodulin. RNA interference of calmodulin decreased locomotion and induced the loss of olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts. Moreover, the activation of OAR α1 in calmodulin-knockdown locusts did not induce olfactory attraction of the nymphs to gregarious volatiles. Thus, calmodulin as a downstream gene of octopamine-OAR α1 (OA-OAR α1) signalling mediates olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mechanism of OA-OAR α1 signalling involved in olfactory attraction of gregarious locusts.

Protective effects of salidroside against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in rats

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with a wide range of cognitive functions including working memory, long-term memory, information processing, attention, and cognitive flexibility, is a major clinical issue in geriatric surgical patients. The aim of the current study was to determine the protective role and possible mechanisms of salidroside against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups and were treated with or without salidroside before isoflurane exposure. Open-field and fear conditioning tests were conducted to evaluate the cognitive function of the rats. Moreover, the hippocampus tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis. The results showed that the isoflurane anesthesia decreased the freezing time to context significantly at 48 h after the isoflurane exposure in the fear conditioning test. Salidroside could ameliorate isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction. Further analysis demonstrated salidroside markedly suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Moreover, salidroside reversed the decreased activity of choline acetyltransferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and content of acetylcholine, as well as the increased activity of acetylcholine esterase and content of malondialdehyde in hippocampal tissue of isoflurane-exposed rats. According to the results, we concluded that that salidroside has a protective effect against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting excessive inflammatory responses, decreasing oxidative stress, and regulating the cholinergic system.

FSH and eCG impact follicles development and expression of ovarian FSHR and caspase-9 in mice

The study aimed to investigate the effects of FSH and eCG on the ovarian and follicular development, expression levels of FSHR and caspase-9 of ovaries in vivo. One hundred and five prepuberty mice were allocated into FSH-1, FSH-2, FSH-3, eCG-1, eCG-2, eCG-3 groups and control group (CG). Mice in FSH-1, FSH-2 and FSH-3 were intramuscularly injected with 5, 10 and 20 IU FSH twice (on day 0 and 4), respectively. Mice in eCG-1, eCG-2 and eCG-3 were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 20 and 40 IU eCG on day 0 and 4. Mice in the CG were injected with 0.5 ml normal saline on day 0 and 4. Left and right ovaries of each mouse were dissected aseptically on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively. The results showed that on days 14 and 21 the ovarian sizes and follicle numbers of FSH-3 and eCG-3 groups were greater than CG (P<0.05). FSHR mRNA of FSH-2 and eCG-1 were higher than CG on days 14 and 21 (P<0.05). FSHR proteins of FSH-3 were higher than CG on days 14 and 21 (P<0.05). Caspase-9 mRNA in FSH and eCG groups was less than CG. There were positive correlations between follicle numbers and FSH and eCG doses. FSHR protein expressions had positive correlations between ovarian weights and sizes of ovary and follicle numbers (r=0.971, P<0.05) in FSH-treated mice. Serum FSH concentrations of FSH-2, FSH-3, eCG-2 and eCG-3 groups were greater than that of CG. In conclusion, eCG and FSH promoted the ovarian development, follicle genesis, FSH secretion, FSHR mRNA and protein expressions in ovaries of mice. FSH and eCG inhibited the expression of ovarian caspase-9 mRNA.

An evolution-based DNA-binding residue predictor using a dynamic query-driven learning scheme

DNA-binding proteins play a pivotal role in various biological activities. Identification of DNA-binding residues (DBRs) is of great importance for understanding the mechanism of gene regulations and chromatin remodeling. Most traditional computational methods usually construct their predictors on static non-redundant datasets. They excluded many homologous DNA-binding proteins so as to guarantee the generalization capability of their models. However, those ignored samples may potentially provide useful clues when studying protein-DNA interactions, which have not obtained enough attention. In view of this, we propose a novel method, namely DQPred-DBR, to fill the gap of DBR predictions. First, a large-scale extensible sample pool was compiled. Second, evolution-based features in the form of a relative position specific score matrix and covariant evolutionary conservation descriptors were used to encode the feature space. Third, a dynamic query-driven learning scheme was designed to make more use of proteins with known structure and functions. In comparison with a traditional static model, the introduction of dynamic models could obviously improve the prediction performance. Experimental results from the benchmark and independent datasets proved that our DQPred-DBR had promising generalization capability. It was capable of producing decent predictions and outperforms many state-of-the-art methods. For the convenience of academic use, our proposed method was also implemented as a web server at .

Clinical significance of preoperative and postoperative cytokeratin 19 messenger RNA level in peripheral blood of esophageal cancer patients

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between preoperative/postoperative Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) messenger RNA (mRNA) level in peripheral blood (PB) and the clinical significance in esophageal cancer patients with different clinicopathological factors. We detected the preoperative and postoperative CK19 mRNA level in the PB of 139 esophageal cancer patients who underwent complete resection and evaluated its clinical significance. We found that both the preoperative and postoperative CK19 mRNA level increased in the esophageal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis, relapse or distant metastasis compared with that in cancers without lymph node metastasis, relapse or distant metastasis. High postoperative CK19 mRNA levels indicate a short disease-free survival (DFS) for the whole cohort esophageal cancer patients, whereas the high preoperative CK19 mRNA levels only indicate a short DFS for the esophageal cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma, TNM III stage, and lymph node metastasis. The dynamic change of CK19 mRNA levels could indicate the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. The patients with decreasing CK19 mRNA level after surgery had good prognosis, and the patients with changeless CK19 mRNA level had poor prognosis. Taken together, CK19 mRNA levels could be a promising marker in assessing prognosis or assigning treatment for the esophageal cancer patients according to different clinicopathological factors.

Effects of sodium lactate Ringer's injection on transfection of human protein kinase C-α antisense oligonucleotide in A549 lung cancer cells

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of four solutions [Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), sodium lactate Ringer's injection (SLRI), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and NaCl] on the transfection of the human protein kinase C-a antisense oligonucleotide (PKC-a ASO) aprinocarsen in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Specifically, SLRI, DMEM, PBS, or NaCl were used as the growth solutions for A549 cells, and OPTI-MEM was used as the PKC-a ASO diluent for transfection. Additionally, SLRI, DMEM, PBS, or NaCl were used as both the growth solutions and diluents for transfection. The cell viability and transfection efficiency were determined. The results demonstrated that when SLRI was used as either the growth solution or both the growth solution and diluent for aprinocarsen transfection in A549 cells, the effects were close to the best effects observed with DMEM as the growth solution and OPTI-MEM as the diluent, which supported the transfection of aprinocarsen into the cells. Moreover, SLRI resulted in higher transfection efficiency than those of PBS and NaCl. In in vitro experiments, aprinocarsen effectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells. In conclusion, SLRI may replace PBS or NaCl in clinical trials as a transfection solution readily accepted by the human body. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the use of SLRI as a transfection solution in lung-cancer cell lines.

The emerging role of Toll-like receptor 4 in myocardial inflammation

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors involved in cardiovascular diseases. Notably, numerous studies have demonstrated that TLR4 activates the expression of several of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes that play pivotal roles in myocardial inflammation, particularly myocarditis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. In addition, TLR4 is an emerging target for anti-inflammatory therapies. Given the significance of TLR4, it would be useful to summarize the current literature on the molecular mechanisms and roles of TLR4 in myocardial inflammation. Thus, in this review, we first introduce the basic knowledge of the TLR4 gene and describe the activation and signaling pathways of TLR4 in myocardial inflammation. Moreover, we highlight the recent progress of research on the involvement of TLR4 in myocardial inflammation. The information reviewed here may be useful to further experimental research and to increase the potential of TLR4 as a therapeutic target.

Detection of the novel IL-1 family cytokines by QAH-IL1F-1 assay in rheumatoid arthritis

The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β,IL-36γ) and 4 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-36Ra, IL-37 and IL-38), and play central roles in mediating immune responses. In this study, we detected serum levels of IL-36 subfamily cytokines (including IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra and IL-38), IL-37, IL-33 and aimed to investigate the roles of these cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) preliminarily. A total of 10 RA patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were involved in this study, we measured IL-36 subfamily cytokines, IL-37 and IL-33 levels in the serum of the experiment subjects by QAH-IL1F-1 assay. Clinical and laboratory data of the subjects were collected and analyzed by Spearman's rank test. Compared to that of HCs, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36Ra, IL-38 and IL-33 levels were significantly increased in RA patients. We also found RA patients with elevated IL-36Ra had a higher ESR and RF-IgM, and there was a positive correlation between increased IL-36α and CRP. Our study suggests that parts of the novel members of IL-1 family cytokines were involved in the pathogenesis of RA, and may provide a novel target for therapies of RA.

Positive feedback regulation between microRNA-132 and CREB in spinal cord contributes to bone cancer pain in mice

BACKGROUND

cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene expression plays an important role in central sensitization. CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) dramatically increase CREB-mediated transcriptional activity. microRNA-132 (miR-132), which is highly CREB-responsive, functions downstream from CREB/CRTC1 to mediate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and in turn loops back to amplify CREB/CRTC1 signalling. This study aimed to investigate the positive feedback regulation between miR-132 and CREB in spinal cord in the maintenance of bone cancer pain.

METHODS

Osteosarcoma cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of the right femurs of C3H/HeNCrlVr mice to induce bone cancer pain. We further investigated effects of repeated intrathecal administration with Adenoviruses expressing CREB-siRNA or miR-132 antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA), respectively, on nociceptive behaviours and on the activity of CREB/CRTC1 signalling.

RESULTS

Intramedullary inoculation of osteosarcoma cells resulted in up-regulation of spinal p-CREB, CRTC1 and CREB-target genes (NR2B and miR-132). Repeated intrathecal administration with Adenoviruses expressing CREB-siRNA or miR-132 LNA-AS, respectively, attenuated bone cancer-evoked pain behaviours, reduced the activity of CREB/CRTC1 signalling and down-regulated CREB-target gene NR2B expression in spinal cord.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that activation of spinal CREB/CRTC1 signalling may play an important role in bone cancer pain. Interruption to the positive feedback regulation between CREB/CRTC1 and its target gene miR-132 can effectively relieved the bone cancer-induced mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: The positive feedback regulation between CREB/CRTC1 and its target gene miR-132 in spinal cord plays an important role in bone cancer pain.

Identification of a novel HLA-C*16 variant, HLA-C*16:90, in a Chinese individual

The novel HLA-C*16:90 allele differs from HLA-C*16:02:01 by one nucleotide transition, G>A 736.

Abstract P3-07-37: Quantitative analysis of T cell and macrophage immune markers in Her2-positive breast cancer

Purpose/Objectives:

Her2-neu positive breast cancers have a good overall prognosis with the advent of Her2-directed therapies such as trastuzumab. However, despite the increased efficacy with Her-2-directed therapies 20-30% of patients still have local and/or distant failure despite being Her-2 amplified on pathology. The etiology of this local failure remains unknown. Recent evidence has suggested that there may be immune factors that contribute to the progression of breast cancer and the response to therapy so we undertook a study to examine the relationship between immune-based markers and traditional pathologic and clinical markers of outcome.

Materials/Methods:

Paraffin-embedded sections were generation and clinical records were reviewed for 88 patients, age ≥ 18 years, with pathologically-proven Her2-neu+ breast cancer who were treated at a single institution from 01/2001 to 12/2013. Single-color immunohistochemical staining was performed for CK5/6, CK14 and EGFR and scored by a breast pathologist. Adjacent sections were also then stained for CD45, CD4, CD8 and CD68 using a multi-color immunohistochemical approach. Slides were scanned using the Vectra Automated Quantitative Pathology Imaging System and analyzed using an in-house algorithm to quantitate the number of immune cells within the tumor, tumor margin and within 2 mm outside the tumor. We then compared the level of CK5/6, CK14, EGFR with the number of immune cells. The number of different immune cells were also analyzed with respect to other clinical parameters including age, tumor size, nodal status, hormone receptor status, time to progression, progression-free survival and overall survival.

Results:

At a median follow-up of 66.5 months, 20 (22.7%) patients had progressed. We found that the number of CD45+ leukocytes at the margin correlates with the expression of CK5/6 (p = 0.015) which predicted for local failure. Further, we found that the ratio of CD8 to CD4 cells within the tumor and margin highly correlates with the expression of the hormone receptors (p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Our preliminary results suggest that immune markers may be important predictors of a basal-like phenotype as defined by CK5/6 expression in Her2+ breast cancers which itself correlated with significantly higher local failure. Further higher CD8 to CD4 ratios were highly correlated with hormone receptor expression, particularly PR expression suggesting that in the Her2+ population the more favorable prognosis for the "triple-positive" subtype of Her2+ cancers may be in part due to a more favorable immune microenvironment.

Citation Format: Shiao SL, Gertych A, Ma Z, Zhang X, Burnison CM, Mirhadi AJ, Giuliano A, Knudsen BS, Chung A. Quantitative analysis of T cell and macrophage immune markers in Her2-positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-37.

Effects of non-surgical factors on digital replantation survival rate: a meta-analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors affecting survival rate of digital replantation by a meta-analysis. A computer retrieval of MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, and CNKI databases was conducted to identify citations for digital replantation with digit or finger or thumb or digital or fingertip and replantation as keywords. RevMan 5.2 software was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios. In total, there were 4678 amputated digits in 2641 patients. Gender and ischemia time had no significant influence on the survival rate of amputation replantation (P > 0.05). Age, injured hand, injury type, zone, and the method of preservation the amputated digit significantly influence the survival rate of digital replantation (P < 0.05). Children, right hand, crush, or avulsion and little finger are the risk factors that adversely affect the outcome.

THE LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level 5*.

Chromosomal microarray provides enhanced targetable gene aberration detection when paired with next generation sequencing panel in profiling lung and colorectal tumors

The development of targeted therapies based on specific genomic alterations has altered the treatment and management of lung and colorectal cancers. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) has allowed identification of copy number variations (CNVs) in lung and colorectal cancers in great detail, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is used extensively to analyze the genome of cancers for molecular subtyping and use of molecularly guided therapies. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of combining CMA and NGS for a comprehensive genomic assessment of lung and colorectal adenocarcinomas, especially for detecting drug targets. We compared the results from NGS and CMA data from 60 lung and 51 colorectal tumors. From CMA analysis, 33% were amplified, 89% showed gains, 75% showed losses and 41% demonstrated loss of heterozygosity; pathogenic variants were identified in 81% of colon and 67% lung specimens through NGS. KRAS mutations commonly occurred with loss in TP53 and there was significant loss of BRCA1 and NF1 among male patients with lung cancer. For clinically actionable targets, 23% had targetable CNVs when no pathogenic variants were detected by NGS. The data thus indicate that combining the two approaches provides significant benefit in a routine clinical setting not available by NGS alone.

A versatile large-scale and green process for synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with tunable magnetic hyperthermia features

Production of functionalized nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia by an industrial-scale process.

Single- and Multiple-dose Pharmacokinetic, Safety and Tolerability Study of Mildronate Injection in Healthy Chinese Subjects Pharmacokinetic of Mildronate Injection

Mildronate is an agent for cardioprotection and neuroprotection. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, safety and tolerability of mildronate injection after single escalating doses and multiple doses in healthy Chinese subjects. We performed a randomized, open-label, single- and multiple-dose phase I trial including 3 doses of mildronate: 250, 500 and 750 mg. Plasma and urine samples were collected and concentrations of mildronate were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Safety and tolerability was assessed throughout noting subjects' vital signs and monitoring adverse events (AEs) and conduct a comprehensive physical examination and laboratory analyses before and after the study. There was no significant difference in C 0, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ among 3 single-dose groups, whereas T 1/2 had significant statistical difference which may be caused by the inhibition of metabolic enzymes. Single- and multiple-dose intravenous injection of mildronate exhibited linear PK profiles in the range of 250-750 mg. An unconspicuous accumulation phenomenon was found after multiple-dose mildronate administration. No significant gender difference was found and mildronate is primarily excreted by the kidney. No serious AEs were observed. The formulation was safe and well tolerated from 250 to 750 mg.

Characterization of the nuclear localization signals of duck circovirus replication proteins

Duck circovirus (DuCV) possess a circular, single-stranded DNA genome that requires the replication protein (Rep) for its replication. Based on the viral genotype, there are two categories of Rep proteins: Rep1 and Rep2. To characterize the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) conferring the nuclear localization of the Rep proteins, defined coding regions of the rep gene of two genotypes of DuCV were cloned and co-expressed with the red fluorescent protein DsRed2. The results showed that deleting the putative N-terminal NLS located at amino acid residues 10-37 of Rep1 and Rep2 abrogated nuclear translocation, while deleting the putative C-terminal NLS located at residues 244-274 of Rep1 did not significantly alter its subcellular localization, confirming that only the NLS located at residues 10-37 in the N-termini of the Rep proteins had nuclear targeting activity.

Investigations on the genomic diversity of OXA from isolated Acinetobacter baumannii

We distinguished the four OXA-type carbapenemase subgroup alleles present in 120 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and investigated the distributions of the OXA subgroups in clinically isolated samples. Amplification of the OXA genes blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, and blaOXA-58 was performed by multiplex PCR. Antibiotics susceptibility test was conducted for determine the sensitivity of the A. baumannii to clinical common used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer method. Results revealed that 46 (51.69%) of the samples were positive for only the blaOXA51 gene and 41 (46.07%) were positive for both the blaOXA51 and blaOXA58 genes in the 89 isolates of A. baumannii. Among these, 45 were carbapenem-resistant and 44 carbapenem-sensitive. Strains containing either blaOXA51 or blaOXA58 showed resistance or sensitivity to carbapenems, respectively. A. baumannii isolated from intensive care units showed significantly higher resistance rate to Cefepime, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Amikacin, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Gentamicin than those isolated from other departments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we found that the presence of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58 appears to convey a mechanism of resistance or sensitivity to carbapenems, respectively, in A. baumannii clinical isolates.

The expression of serum M30 and M65 in chronic hepatitis B patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

OBJECTIVE

Chronic hepatitis B patients with fatty liver disease are gradually increasing. We aim to investigate the serum fragment level of cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), M30 and M65, in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Serum M30 and M65 levels were measured by ELISA assay in 46 CHB patients with NAFLD and 42 CHB patients without NAFLD. The association of serum M30 levels in 46 CHB patients with NAFLD and biochemistry and pathological indexes were investigated.

RESULTS

The serum M30 levels in CHB with NAFLD group were 614.48 ± 471.43 U/L, which were significantly higher than non NAFLD group (374.50 ± 231.04 U/L, p < 0.01). But there were no differences in serum M65 levels between NAFLD group (369.41 ± 262.21 U/L) and non-NAFLD group (296.50 ± 231.44 U/L, p = 0.172). We observed significantly higher serum M30 levels in CHB with NAFLD patients with positive HBV-DNA (752.36 ± 554.79 U/L) as compared with patients with negative HBV-DNA (400.0 ± 171.64 U/L, p < 0.05). While the M65 levels have no significant difference (p = 0.285). For CHB patient with NAFLD patients, the M30 level was positively correlated with ALT, AST, HBVDNA, TG, FBG, histology inflammation score, fibrosis score and steatosis (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Serum M30 levels in CHB with NAFLD patients are significantly higher than CHB patients without NAFLD, especially for HBV-DNA positive patients. It could be a reference value for evaluating the inflammation degree of CHB with NAFLD.

RNF126 promotes homologous recombination via regulation of E2F1-mediated BRCA1 expression

RNF126 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The deletion of RNF126 gene was observed in a wide range of human cancers and is correlated with improved disease-free and overall survival. These data highlights the clinical relevance of RNF126 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. However, the specific functions of RNF126 remain largely unknown. Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA double-strand break repair is important for tumor suppression and cancer therapy resistance. Here, we demonstrate that RNF126 facilitates HR by promoting the expression of BRCA1, in a manner independent of its E3 ligase activity but depending on E2F1, a well-known transcription factor of BRCA1 promoter. In support of this result, RNF126 promotes transactivation of BRCA1 promoter by directly binding to E2F1. Most importantly, an RNF126 mutant lacking 11 amino acids that is responsible for the interaction with E2F1 has a dominant-negative effect on BRCA1 expression and HR by suppressing E2F1-mediated transactivation of BRCA1 promoter and blocking the enrichment of E2F1 on BRCA1 promoter. Lastly, RNF126 depletion leads to the increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Collectively, our results suggest a novel role of RNF126 in promoting HR-mediated repair through positive regulation on BRCA1 expression by direct interaction with E2F1. This study not only offers novel insights into our current understanding of the biological functions of RNF126 but also provides a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

IL-8 -251T/A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to acute pancreatitis

We conducted a case-control study to clarify the asso-ciations between inflammatory cytokine, including interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, polymorphisms and risk of acute pancreatitis. Genotyping analyses of IL-1β+3954 C/T (rs1143634), IL-1β-511 C/T (rs16944), IL-6 -174 G/C (rs1800795), IL-6 -634 C/G (rs1800796), IL-8 -251T/A (rs4073), IL-10 -1082A/G (rs1800896), and IL-10 -819C/T (rs1800871) were conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length of polymorphism. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the potential association be-tween genotype frequencies and risk of acute pancreatitis. Multivari-ate regression analyses showed that subjects carrying the IL-8 -251 AA genotype had a significantly increased risk of acute pancreatitis, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.55 (1.02-2.36). However, we found no significant association between IL-1β +3954 C/T, IL-1β -511 C/T, IL-6 -174 G/C, IL-6 -174 G/C, IL-6 -634 C/G, IL-10 -1082A/G, or IL-10 -819C/T polymorphisms and risk of acute pancreatitis. We found that the IL-8 -251T/A polymorphism was associated with a higher susceptibility to acute pancreatitis in a Chinese population.

The important role of ADAM8 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in mice

This study focuses on investigating the concrete role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mice received anti-ADAM8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) of 100 μg/100 μl, 200 μg/100 μl or 300 μg/100 μl, respectively, in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS intervention during the progression of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine. The survival rate, body weight, and relative liver weight were determined in the mice. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, hematoxylin–eosin staining, the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase 3 (Casp3), B cell leukemia 2 (Bcl2), B cell leukemia 2-associated X protein (Bax), protein p53 (P53), and ADAM8 were detected in the mice at the end of the 24th week. Our results showed that anti-ADAM8 mAb intervention effectively improved the survival rate, reduced the body weight loss and increased the relative liver weight in mice in a dose-dependent manner ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Anti-ADAM8 mAb intervention also significantly lowered serum AST, ALT, and AFP levels ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), slowed the progression of HCC ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), induced the expression of Casp3, Bax, and P53 ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and inhibited the expression of VEGF-A, PCNA, and Bcl2 in the liver of mice ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner compared with the mice receiving PBS intervention. Our study suggested that ADAM8 might promote the progression of HCC by regulating the expression of these factors. Anti-ADAM8 mAb intervention might be suitable as a potential method for HCC therapy.

Vibrational control of electron-transfer reactions: a feasibility study for the fast coherent transfer regime

Electron donors are connectedvialeft and right bridges to electron acceptors. Following electron-transfer initiation, the IR excitation of selected bridge vibrational modes can tune the directionality of electron transfer.

Maternal and paternal diversity in Xinjiang Kazakh population from China

The ancient silk road of China passed through Xinjiang and facilitated gene exchanges from the East and the West which impacted on the genetic variation and structure of the nomadic Kazakh population residing there. In order to understand the nature of this genetic variation; 151 Xinjiang Kazakh samples were obtained from four main Kazakh groups and were analyzed using mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers. The Xinjiang Kazakh population is heterogeneous, showing the coexistence of matrilineal lineages with different origins. No genetic differentiation of mtDNA is observed among the four different regional Xinjiang Kazakh populations in Xinjiang by AMOVA and Networks. The genetic diversity of Y-STR loci is higher in Xinjiang Kazakhs (0.968 ± 0.014) than the Kazakhs from Kazakhstan (0.629 ± 0.071) and Russia (0.835 ± 0.020). East Eurasians make a more than 50% contribution to the maternal and paternal lineages of Xinjiang Kazakhs. There is more gene flow from West Eurasian into the maternal lineages of Xinjiang Kazakh than to the Kazakhs from Russia and Kazakhstan. Moreover, mtDNA and Y-STR displayed high polymorphism in Xinjiang Kazakhs (the haplotype diversity and power of discrimination were 0.990 ± 0.003, 0.9137 for mtDNA HVS and 0.968 ± 0.014, 0.9489 for Y-STR system, respectively), suggesting they would be very useful and important markers for forensic analysis and population genetic studies.

Safety and efficacy of the modified peroral endoscopic myotomy with shorter myotomy for achalasia patients: a prospective study

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been developed as a minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for achalasia for years. However, the optimal length of submucosal tunnel and myotomy of muscle bundles during procedure of POEM has not yet been determined, so we aim to assess safety and efficacy of modified POEM with shorter myotomy of muscle bundles in achalasia patients. Consecutive achalasia patients had been performed modified POEM with shorter myotomy, and assessed by symptoms, high-resolution manometry, and barium swallow examinations before and 3 months after POEM for safety and efficacy evaluation. Modified POEM with shorter submucosal tunnel (mean length 6.8 cm) and endoscopic myotomy of muscle bundles (total mean length 5.4 cm) were completed in 46 consecutive achalasia patients. During the 3-month follow up in all cases, significant improvement of symptoms (a significant drop in the Eckardt score 8.4 ± 3.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.9; P < 0.001), decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure (39.4 ± 10.1 vs. 24.4 ± 9.1 mmHg; P < 0.001) and integrated relaxation pressure (38.6 ± 10.4 vs. 25.7 ± 9.6 mmHg; P < 0.01), and a drop in height of esophagus barium-contrast column (5.4 ± 3.1 vs. 2.6 ± 1.8 cm; P < 0.001) were observed. The frequencies of adverse events were lower in those under endotracheal anesthesia and CO2 insufflations compared with intravenous anesthesia and air insufflations. Only three patients were found to have gastroesophageal reflux disease on follow up. Modified POEM with shorter myotomy under endotracheal anesthesia and CO2 insufflations shows its good safety and excellent short-term efficacy in the treatment of achalasia. But further studies are warranted to assess the long-term efficacy.

Activation of eIF2α signaling cascade is associated with testosterone-induced cell apoptosis in INS-1 cells

Hyperandrogenemia is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome raising the possibility that androgen receptor signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and progression of β-cell dysfunction. Testosterone is the major circulating androgen in women. In this study, we investigated the effect of testosterone on INS-1 cells to find whether excess androgen could produce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress thereby contributing to β-cell dysfunction. The role of testosterone in INS-1 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Expression of BIP, ATF4, and CHOP were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Testosterone/AR could not only initiate cell apoptosis but also induce the activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) cascades in INS-1 cells. Treatment of ER stress inhibitor or flutamide (AR inhibitor) could inhibit testosterone-induced cell apoptosis and CHOP expression. These results suggest that testosterone/AR pathway caused INS-1 cell apoptosis was at least in part through eIF2α/CHOP cascades.

[Effect of ossicular chain reconstruction with titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis in mastoidectomy with synchronous ossiculoplasty]

OBJECTIVE

To assess hearing effect of ossicular chain reconstruction with titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis during mastoidectomy with synchronous ossiculoplasty in chronic middle ear disease.

METHOD

Retrospective reviews were performed for 139 patients who had underwent mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty with titanium ossicular replacement prostheses at the same time between 2008 and 2011. The partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORP) were used in 91 patients and the total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP) were used in 48 patients respectively. All patients had follow-up for 2 to 5 years. The preoperative and postoperative mean air conduction and air-bone gaps(ABG) for the four frequencies (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz) were evaluated. The improvement of mean air conduction and ABG over the same frequencies were measured. A postoperative ABG less than or equal to 20 dB was considered a successful operation. The hearing results of titanium PORP and TORP were compared.

RESULT

The mean air conductions were (53.97 +/- 11.32)dB and (36.80 +/- 11.68) dB preoperatively and postoperatively in PORP group. The mean improvement in air conduction was (17.17 +/- 5.79)dB. The mean ABG was (31.84 +/- 6.17)dB and (15.13 +/- 7.22)dB preoperatively and postoperatively in PORP group. The mean improvement in ABG was (17.71 +/- 5.5)dB. The difference of hearing threshold between preoperative and postoperative had statistical significance (P < 0.01). The mean air conduction were (58.05 +/- 11.35)dB and (44.53 +/- 13.15)dB preoperatively and postoperatively in TORP group. The mean improvement in air conduction was (13.52 +/- 7.81)dB. The mean ABG; were (35.67 +/- 5.73)dB and (21.48 +/- 7.01)dB preoperatively and postoperatively for TORP group. The mean improvement of hearing threshold in ABG was (14.18 +/- 7.53)dB. The difference of hearing threshold between preoperative and postoperative had statistical significance (P < 0.01). ABG less than 20 dB after operationwas happened in 68.63% of the patients (74.73% for PORP and 54.17% for TORP). There was statistically significant difference between PORP and TORP (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

We conclude that titanium ossicular reconstruction during mastoidectomy with synchronous ossiculoplasty give stable and excellent hearing results. We obtained better results with PORP than with TORP.