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MOHEBALI M, ZAREI Z, KHANALIHA K, KIA EB, MOTAVALLI-HAGHI A, DAVOODI J, TARIGHI F, KHODABAKHSH M, REZAEIAN M. Intestinal Protozoa in Domestic Cats (Carnivora: Felidae, Felis catus) in Northwestern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study with Prevalent of Microsporidian and Coccidian Parasites. Iran J Parasitol 2019; 14:136-142. [PMID: 31123478 PMCID: PMC6511594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, some microsporidial and coccidian parasites were isolated from 103 domestic cats in the Meshkin Shahr area, northwestern Iran during the Jun 2014 to Jun 2015, and their genera were identified using parasitological methods with emphasis on their zoonotic importance. METHODS One hundred and three fecal samples of domestic cats were collected and preserved in formalin (10%) and conserved in phosphate buffer saline solution, finally examined by microscopy after formalin-ether concentration and specific staining. Preservation in dichromate potassium (2.5%) was performed for all coccidian positive samples and then sporulated coccidian oocysts were investigated. RESULTS The detected parasites were Isospora spp. 6/103(5.8%). Microsporidian spores were identified in 46/103 (44.6%) of all samples post-stained by the aniline blue staining method. CONCLUSION Microsporidial infections were more prevalent in domestic cats. Further studies are needed in the identification of microsporidial spores isolated from infected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi MOHEBALI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Research Center of Zoonoses, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabiholah ZAREI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh KHANALIHA
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: ,
| | - Eshrat Beigom KIA
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh MOTAVALLI-HAGHI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber DAVOODI
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fathemeh TARIGHI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya KHODABAKHSH
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa REZAEIAN
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: ,
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202
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Saleh MN, Lindsay DS, Leib MS, Zajac AM. Giardia duodenalis assemblages in cats from Virginia, USA. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 15:100257. [PMID: 30929934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is considered a species complex that is divided into 8 genetically distinct but morphologically identical assemblages (A-H). Assemblages C-H are generally host adapted, while A and B infect both people and animals and are considered potentially zoonotic. Furthermore, within assemblage A there are four subtypes (AI, AII, AIII, and AIV) of varying zoonotic potential; human isolates belong to AI and AII, while animal isolates belong to AI, AIII and AIV. Assemblages A, B, C, D, and F have all been reported from cats. The objective of this study was to determine the assemblage(s) of G. duodenalis present in cats from Virginia using multilocus genotyping and to assess if there were any differences among the assemblage(s) found in the populations of cats surveyed (free-roaming, shelter, owned) or their geographic location within Virginia. Samples that were positive for G. duodenalis cysts by microscopy using centrifugal flotation with ZnSO4 solution and/or direct immunofluorescence assay were genotyped using PCR and sequencing targeting fragments of the SSU rRNA, gdh, bg, and tpi genes. In total, 54 cyst-positive samples were analyzed by PCR and sequencing: 43 produced amplicons, and 37 samples had interpretable sequence data at one or more loci. Assemblage F was detected in 21/37 samples, AI was detected in 12/37 samples, and in 4/37 samples both assemblages F and AI were detected. The potentially zoonotic assemblage AI was detected in cats from two widely separated animal shelters and from one free-roaming cat. These genotyping data demonstrate that potentially zoonotic G. duodenalis assemblages are present in cats in Virginia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam N Saleh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michael S Leib
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anne M Zajac
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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203
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Reichard MV, Rugg JJ, Thomas JE, Allen KE, Barrett AW, Murray JK, Herrin BH, Beam RA, King VL, Vatta AF. Efficacy of a topical formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner against induced infestations of Amblyomma americanum on cats and prevention of Cytauxzoon felis transmission. Vet Parasitol 2019; 270 Suppl 1:S31-7. [PMID: 30466895 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytauxzoonosis, caused by infection with Cytauxzoon felis, is the most severe tick-borne disease of cats. The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy of selamectin (6.0 mg/kg) plus sarolaner (1.0 mg/kg) formulated in combination (Revolution® Plus / Stronghold® Plus, Zoetis) applied topically once a month on cats for three months against induced infestations of Amblyomma americanum adults and to evaluate the effectiveness of the product in preventing the transmission of C. felis. This study was conducted in two phases. Sixteen cats were dosed with selamectin/sarolaner or a placebo (vehicle control) on Days 0, 28, and 56. In phase 1, each cat was infested with 50 (±5) unfed adult A. americanum on Day 4 and tick counts were conducted on Day 6 (48 h post infestation) and Day 7 (72 h post infestation) to evaluate acaricidal efficacy. In phase 2, to confirm acaricidal efficacy and evaluate prevention of C. felis transmission, each cat was infested on Day 60 with 50 (±5) adult A. americanum acquisition fed as nymphs on two C. felis-infected donor cats. Tick counts were conducted on Day 62 (48 h post infestation) and Day 63 (72 h post infestation). Blood samples were collected on Days -9, 60, 70, 76, and 90 and tested for infection with C. felis. Placebo cats were adequately infested on all count days, with least squares (geometric) mean live tick counts ranging from 34.0 (28.8) to 46.1 (46.0). Treatment reduced the least squares (geometric) mean counts compared to placebo by 27.1 (32.1)% and 90.4 (96.8)% on Days 6 and 7, respectively. The corresponding percent reductions were 56.4 (60.6)% and 94.7 (97.3)% on Days 62 and 63, respectively. Least squares mean counts were significantly lower in the treated group compared with the placebo group on all count days (P ≤ 0.0286). All cats were negative for C. felis by PCR prior to study start. In phase 2, seven cats in the control group and no cats in the selamectin/sarolaner group became infected with C. felis (P = 0.0017). Topical treatment with selamectin/sarolaner was >90% effective in reducing A. americanum tick counts 72 h after infestation and prevented the transmission of C. felis from infected ticks following the third of three monthly treatments. Revolution® Plus / Stronghold® Plus offers an option for the control of A. americanum infestations on cats and for preventing the transmission of C. felis to cats.
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204
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Pereira MAA, Gonçalves LA, Evangelista MC, Thurler RS, Campos KD, Formenton MR, Patricio GCF, Matera JM, Ambrósio AM, Fantoni DT. Postoperative pain and short-term complications after two elective sterilization techniques: ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy in cats. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:335. [PMID: 30409200 PMCID: PMC6225582 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical sterilization of cats is one of the most commonly performed procedures in veterinary practice and it can be accomplished by two different techniques: ovariohysterectomy (OVH) or ovariectomy (OVE). Although there is an apparent preference for OVH in United States and Canada, OVE seems to be the standard of care in many European countries due to its advantages, such as a smaller surgical incision and potentially less complications associated with surgical manipulation of the uterus. The aim of this randomized, blind, prospective study was to compare postoperative pain and short-term complications in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy. METHODS Twenty female cats were randomly assigned into two groups (OVH, n = 10 and OVE, n = 10). Pain was assessed prior to surgery (baseline) and 1, 2, 4, 8 12 and 24 h after the procedure using pain and sedation scales, physiologic parameters and blood glucose levels. Short-term complications were evaluated in the early postoperative period and reassessed at day 7 and day 10. RESULTS Changes in cardiovascular parameters were not clinically relevant, however cats in OVH group had higher heart rates at T1 h compared with baseline (p = 0.0184). Blood glucose levels in OVH group were also higher at T1 h compared with baseline (p = 0.0135) and with OVE group (p = 0.0218). Surgical time was higher in OVH group (p = 0.0115). Even though no significant differences in pain scores were observed between groups or time points, cats in OVH group had greater need for rescue analgesia compared with OVE (2/10 and 0/10, respectively). Complications were not observed in any cat during surgery, at days 7 and 10 postoperatively or at discharge. CONCLUSIONS Both surgical techniques promoted similar intensity of postoperative pain in cats and there were no short-term complications throughout the study's evaluation period. Therefore, both techniques may be indicated for surgical sterilization of cats, according to the surgeon's preference and expertise. Cats that underwent ovariectomy did not require rescue analgesia and surgical time was shorter in that group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio A Pereira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Gonçalves
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marina C Evangelista
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rosana S Thurler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Karina D Campos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Maira R Formenton
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Geni C F Patricio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Julia M Matera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Aline M Ambrósio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Denise T Fantoni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo, 87, Av Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, Sao Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
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205
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Hall JA, Jackson MI, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. Comparison of circulating metabolite concentrations in dogs and cats when allowed to freely choose macronutrient intake. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.036228. [PMID: 30254078 PMCID: PMC6262854 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake changes circulating metabolite concentrations. Thus, a comparison of circulating metabolites between dogs and cats is necessarily confounded by the composition of foods offered. The objective of this study was to determine differences between dogs and cats when given the opportunity to choose their own macronutrient intake. Four experimental foods with similar palatability, but varying in macronutrient content were prepared for dogs, and four for cats. Foods were available to dogs (n=17) for food intake once a day and to cats (n=27) at all times. Food 1 was high protein; Food 2 was high fat; Food 3 was high carbohydrates and Food 4 was balanced for macronutrients. By choosing a combination of foods, each animal could individually set its own macronutrient intake. Plasma metabolomics were determined after pets had consumed their food intake of choice for 28 days. Cats had higher concentrations of the essential amino acids histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine, but lower concentrations of lysine, methionine and threonine compared with dogs. Overall, non-essential amino acids were higher in cats. Regarding lipids, cats had increased concentrations of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after 28 days, although arachidonic acid (AA) was consistently higher in dogs. Regarding circulating microbial metabolites, there was more stability for dogs compared with cats (none changed over time in dogs versus 42% changed in cats; P<0.01). Concentrations of urea cycle intermediates, antioxidants and methylated compounds were also different between species. In conclusion, metabolite differences between dogs and cats reflected differences in species and food choices. Summary: Dogs and cats offered foods with different macronutrient composition, but equivalent palatability, have different circulating metabolite concentrations that reflect differences in species and food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dryden Hall 206, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4802, USA
| | - Matthew I Jackson
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
| | - Jodi C Vondran
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
| | - Melissa A Vanchina
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
| | - Dennis E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, Kansas 66617-1587, USA
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206
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McNamara J, Drake J, Wiseman S, Wright I. Survey of European pet owners quantifying endoparasitic infection risk and implications for deworming recommendations. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:571. [PMID: 30382932 PMCID: PMC6211546 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zoonotic endoparasites pose risks to pets and people. The European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) created risk groupings for dogs (A-D) and for cats (A-B), with the highest risk pets (Group D dogs and Group B cats) receiving the most frequent testing and/or deworming recommendations. Little information exists on current deworming behaviours across Europe, alignment to accepted guidelines and the percentage of dogs and cats falling into ESCCAP groups. The study objectives were to evaluate the reported infection-risk behaviours of dogs and cats and assesses whether deworming frequency reported by pet owners complied with recommended deworming frequencies. Methods A total of 5001 pet owners from five different countries (France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK) were surveyed regarding endoparasite infection risk and the frequency of deworming of dogs and cats. For the purposes of this study, ESCCAP risk groups for cats (A-B) were converted into four risk groups (A-D) using the additional risk factors outlined in the ESCCAP guidelines. This allowed direct comparison between cats and dogs as well as grouped higher risk cats into the appropriate deworming frequency. Results The three most common risk factors identified for dogs were contact with: other dogs, snails or prey; children or the elderly; going off lead outside their own garden. 85–98% of all dogs had risks putting them into Group D, the highest risk group. The three most common risk factors identified for cats were: hunting; catching prey; contact with children or the elderly. Using these revised groups, 33–68% of cats were in Group D. Despite the majority of dogs and cats falling into a risk category where ESCCAP recommends monthly deworming, dogs and cats averaged 2.3 and 2.2 dewormings per year, respectively. This frequency was less than the four times a year dosing frequency demonstrated to be required to reduce zoonotic Toxocara spp. ova shedding. Conclusions Overall, 93% of dogs and 54% of cats fell into Group D, the highest risk group. Deworming frequencies were considerably less than recommended by ESCCAP or required to both reduce zoonotic risk and improve pet health. Improved treatment compliance is needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3149-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNamara
- Elanco Animal Health, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 9NL, UK
| | - Jason Drake
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA.
| | - Scott Wiseman
- Elanco Animal Health, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 9NL, UK
| | - Ian Wright
- Mount Veterinary Practice, 1 Harris St, Fleetwood, FY7 6QX, UK.,ESCCAP UK & Ireland, PO Box 358, Malvern, WR14 9HQ, UK
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207
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Bottero E, Melega M, Dimartino ER, Tricarico M, Lepri E, De Lorenzi D, Miniscalco B, Riondato F. Diagnosis of feline mesenchymal nasal hamartoma by squash preparation cytology. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:629-633. [PMID: 30379340 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline Mesenchymal Nasal Hamartoma (MNH) is a rare benign tumor-like lesion of the sinonasal tract affecting young cats. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of osteoblast-like (OB-L) and osteoclast-like cells (OC-L) in squash preparation cytology from endoscopic biopsies. METHODS A 5-year database was retrospectively reviewed and included 109 cases of which 24 were diagnosed as MNH by histopathology. Slides were examined by two cytologists (one experienced and one inexperienced in nasal and squash cytology) in a double-blind study. The inexperienced cytologist counted OB-L and OC-L in 500 intact nucleated cells. The experienced cytologist assigned samples to four categories for OB-L (0, 1-5, 6-10, >10/field) and OC-L (0, 1-2, 3-5, >5/field). RESULTS The presence of OB-L and OC-L was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with the histologic diagnosis of MNH. Receiver operating characteristic curves from the counts by the inexperienced cytologist revealed 3/500 OB-L and 2/500 OC-L as the best cut-offs for the diagnosis of MNH. Those of the experienced cytologist evaluation revealed that all the MNHs presented more than 10 OB-L/field and 3 or more OC-L/field. Both cytologists detected each cell type in all MNHs with an overall concordance of 0.93. CONCLUSIONS The presence of OB-L and OC-L is a consistent finding in MNH, and thus, represents a reliable cytologic diagnostic criterion. The described methods are applicable in routine in-clinic laboratory settings and are easy to apply at any expertise level. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the accuracy of the proposed cut-off values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maverick Melega
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Erika R Dimartino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide De Lorenzi
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Ear-Nose-Throat Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - Barbara Miniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Fulvio Riondato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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208
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Prochowska S, Niżański W, Partyka A, Kochan J, Młodawska W, Nowak A, Skotnicki J, Grega T, Pałys M. Influence of the type of semen and morphology of individual sperm cells on the results of ICSI in domestic cats. Theriogenology 2019; 131:140-5. [PMID: 30965206 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the type of spermatozoa and of different sperm abnormalities on fertilization and embryo development after ICSI in cats. In Exp I, ICSI was performed using urethral or epididymal spermatozoa collected from 7 tomcats. In Exp. II, epididymal spermatozoa from 16 cats were used for ICSI and an epididymal spermatozoon exhibiting no abnormalities or one with an abnormality was microinjected into an oocyte. Exp. I was performed in 14 replicates and Exp. II was performed in 20 replicates. In both experiments the number of cleaved oocytes, the number of embryos at the morula stage and the number of embryos at the blastocyst stage were evaluated at 24 h, and at 6 and 7 days after ICSI, respectively, and compared between experimental groups. No statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed, either for Exp. I or for Exp. II. The average cleavage rate was 60.2%, morula rate 62.3% and blastocyst rate 19.2% in Exp. I and 51.6%, 66.8% and 25.8% in Exp. II, respectively. The study confirmed that both urethral and epididymal spermatozoa can be used for in vitro fertilization in cats and proved the usefulness of the ICSI method in the case of teratozoospermic males. The study showed that even in severe cases, when almost no normal spermatozoa can be found in the semen, it is possible to obtain embryos using abnormal sperm cells with the same chance of success as for normal spermatozoa.
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209
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Dramard V, Kern L, Hofmans J, Rème CA, Nicolas CS, Chala V, Navarro C. Effect of l-theanine tablets in reducing stress-related emotional signs in cats: an open-label field study. Ir Vet J 2018; 71:21. [PMID: 30338056 PMCID: PMC6178259 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-018-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-theanine is an aminoacid found in tea leaves which has relaxing effects in humans and animals. It is a structural analogue of glutamate which can bind glutamate receptors. Although the relaxing action of L-theanine has been shown in humans, laboratory animals and dogs, it has never been published in cats. The goal of this open-label, multicentre and prospective trial was to determine whether an L-theanine based oral supplement (Anxitane®, Virbac, France) could attenuate manifestations of stress in cats under field conditions. Case presentation Thirty-three privately owned cats presenting signs associated with stress or fear (inappropriate urination/defecation, fear-induced aggressiveness, hypervigilance/tenseness or physical/functional manifestations of stress) for at least 1 month, were included in the study. They were given L-theanine (Anxitane®, 25 mg twice a day) for 30 days and 20 stress-related parameters were scored at Days 0, 15 and 30. The evolution of some parameters was also rated relative to Day 0. All median scores of the 20 parameters were significantly reduced at D30, and 30/33 cats (91%) had a reduced global score at the end of the study, including 21/33 with ≥50% score reduction. The median (IQR) global scores went from 18 (13-23) at D0 to 11 (8-13) at D15 and 5 (3-12) at D30 (p < 0.0001; Friedman test; significant reduction starting from D15). All the stress-related signs were significantly improved compared to D0, according to the owners, especially inappropriate elimination. Tablet palatability was judged good or very good in 94% of cases with spontaneous intake by cats when given by hand or in food. Tolerance was satisfactory as well, and no side effects were reported, so that most owners (27/33; 82%) were satisfied with the product. Conclusions Despite the lack of a placebo group, it can be concluded that L-theanine (Anxitane®) helped to improve the undesirable manifestations of stress in cats in as soon as 15 days, though better results could be seen after 30 days of administration. These encouraging results show that L-theanine can help manage stress-related behaviour, but additional trials with a placebo group should be run to confirm this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dramard
- Referral Behaviour Veterinary Clinic, 16 rue Jeanne d'Arc, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - L Kern
- Referral Behaviour Veterinary Clinic, 6 place Léon Deubel, 75016 Paris, France
| | - J Hofmans
- Veterinary Clinic, Avenue des Martyrs 173, 4620 Fléron, Belgium
| | - C A Rème
- 4Medical Department, Virbac, 13ème rue, LID, 06511 Carros, France
| | - C S Nicolas
- 4Medical Department, Virbac, 13ème rue, LID, 06511 Carros, France
| | - V Chala
- 4Medical Department, Virbac, 13ème rue, LID, 06511 Carros, France
| | - C Navarro
- 4Medical Department, Virbac, 13ème rue, LID, 06511 Carros, France
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Bedolla-Barajas M, Morales-Romero J, Bedolla-Pulido TI, Bedolla-Pulido TR, Meza-López C, Pulido-Guillén NA. Exposure to dogs but not cats is associated to a decrease in the prevalence in atopic dermatitis amongst school-children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018; 46:431-437. [PMID: 29456039 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association regarding the exposure to pets, especially cats and dogs, and the prevalence of allergic diseases is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the role played by early exposure to dogs or cats in the prevalence of allergic diseases amongst school-aged children. METHOD Through a cross-sectional study, we examined 756 children, aged 6-7; these candidates were selected through cluster sampling. We inquired about the exposure that these children had had to dogs and cats, and whether these pets spent most of their time indoors or outdoors during the first year of the child's life. In order to identify the prevalence of allergic diseases and their symptoms, each child's parent completed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. RESULTS Exposure to outdoor dogs was associated to nocturnal coughing, odds ratio (OR) 0.64, with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI) 0.43-0.95 and with atopic dermatitis (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20-0.76). Interestingly, exposure to outdoor cats was associated to nocturnal coughing (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32-0.83) and current rhinitis symptoms (OR: 0.59; 95% CI 0.36-0.97). After carrying out the multivariate analyses, only exposure to dogs, both indoor and outdoor, was significantly associated to a decrease in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis OR 0.40 (95% CI: 0.20-0.79) and OR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18-0.83), respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that exposure to dogs, whether they be indoor or outdoor pets, is associated to a decreased prevalence in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bedolla-Barajas
- Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador de Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, Colonia La Perla, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - J Morales-Romero
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n., Colonia Industrial Ánimas, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - T I Bedolla-Pulido
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara. Sierra Mojada No. 950, Colonia Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - T R Bedolla-Pulido
- Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador de Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, Colonia La Perla, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - C Meza-López
- División de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Salvador de Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, Colonia La Perla, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - N A Pulido-Guillén
- Psicología Clínica, Eulogio Parra No. 2330-301, Col. Las Américas, C.P. 44650, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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211
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Cardinal MV, Sartor PA, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Colaianni I, Gürtler RE. High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:492. [PMID: 30165892 PMCID: PMC6118006 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide spraying campaigns designed to suppress the principal vectors of the Chagas disease usually lack an active surveillance system that copes with house reinvasion. Following an insecticide campaign with no subsequent surveillance over a 12-year period, we implemented a longitudinal intervention programme including periodic surveys for Triatoma infestans, full-coverage house spraying with insecticides, and selective control in a well-defined rural area of the Argentinean Chaco inhabited by Creoles and one indigenous group (Qom). Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study and report the age-specific seroprevalence of human T. cruzi infection by group, and examine the association between human infection, the onset of the intervention, the relative density of infected domestic bugs, and the household number of infected people, dogs, or cats. Results The seroprevalence of infection among 691 residents examined was 39.8% and increased steadily with age, reaching 53–70% in those older than 20 years. The mean annual force of infection was 2.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.8–3.3%). Infection in children younger than 16 years born before the intervention programme was two to four times higher in houses with infected T. infestans than in houses without them and was six times higher when there were both infected dogs or cats and bugs than when they were absent. The model-averaged estimate of the intervention effect suggests that the odds of seropositivity were about nine times smaller for those born after the onset of the intervention than for those born before it, regardless of ethnic background, age, gender, household wealth, and cohabitation with T. cruzi-infected vectors or human hosts. Human infection was also closely associated with the baseline abundance of infected domestic triatomines and the number of infected cohabitants. Two of 43 children born after interventions were T. cruzi-seropositive; since their mothers were seropositive and both resided in apparently uninfested houses they were attributed to vertical transmission. Alternatively, these cases could be due to non-local vector-borne transmission. Conclusions Our study reveals high levels of human infection with T. cruzi in the Argentinean Chaco, and the immediate impact of sustained vector surveillance and selective control actions on transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3069-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Victoria Cardinal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Andrea Sartor
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present address: Departamento de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Ministerio de Salud del Chaco, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - María Sol Gaspe
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Fabián Enriquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Colaianni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present address: Hospital Santojanni, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hooser SB. Radiation Emergencies: Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2018; 48:1103-1118. [PMID: 30149969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of dogs and cats to clinically significant amounts of ionizing radiation is unlikely. However, accidental release of radiation has occurred and nuclear terrorism is possible. If an incident occurs, early reaction will be by first responders, followed by state and federal emergency personnel. It is possible that veterinarians will be called upon to assist to evaluate animals for contamination and/or exposure, perform initial lifesaving tasks, and decontaminate people's pets. Therefore, veterinary professionals should understand radiation exposure, what is happening, the possible effects on animals, and how to provide veterinary care and assistance in a radiation emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Hooser
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 406 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Merola VM, Eubig PA. Toxicology of Avermectins and Milbemycins (Macrocyclic Lactones) and the Role of P-Glycoprotein in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2018; 48:991-1012. [PMID: 30139545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Overdoses of macrocyclic lactones in dogs and cats can result in such signs as tremors, ataxia, seizures, coma, and blindness. Dogs with the ABCB1-1Δ gene defect are predisposed to macrocyclic lactone toxicosis at lower dosages than dogs without the defect. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy has been suggested for treatment of macrocyclic lactone toxicosis but evidence of efficacy is limited. Initial decontamination and supportive care remain the mainstays of therapy for macrocyclic lactone toxicosis.
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Abstract
The widespread use and availability of calcium channel blockers in human and veterinary medicine pose a risk for inadvertent pet exposure to these medications. Clinical signs of toxicosis can be delayed by many hours after exposure, with lethargy, hypotension, and cardiac rhythm changes as the predominant signs. Prompt decontamination and aggressive treatment using a variety of modalities may be necessary to treat patients exposed to calcium channel blockers. The prognosis of an exposed patient depends on the dose of the ingested calcium channel blockers, promptness of decontamination and other treatment measures, severity of clinical signs, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine L Hayes
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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215
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Serpe FP, Fiorito F, Esposito M, Ferrari A, Fracassi F, Miniero R, Pietra M, Roncada P, Brambilla G. Polychlorobiphenyl levels in the serum of cats from residential flats in Italy: Role of the indoor environment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:777-785. [PMID: 29553911 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1445079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis catus) was used as a sentinel of exposure to polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in indoor urban environments y. Sera from 120 cats were pooled to form 30 different groups selected by age (<2 years; > 2 ≤ 8 years; > 8 years), sex, municipality (Bologna and Turin) and environment (indoor vs. outdoor). Test portions of 1 mL were analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) for six selected indicators non-dioxin-like PCBs (∑6 PCBs: congeners #28, #52, #101, #132, #153 and #180) and the results were computed in the upper-bound mode. The internal dose of PCBs attributable to the cats' alimentary lipid intake ranged from 32.4 to 1,446 ng/g (P50 165; mean 258). The Wilcoxon test revealed significantly lower PCB burden in "outdoor" groups than in "indoor" groups. Age correlated well with the heptachlorinated and most bio-accumulative congener, PCB #180, and slightly with hexachlorinated PCBs #138 and #153. Contamination attributable to house dust collected in 15 living-rooms ranged from 10.0 to 279 ng/g dry weight (P50 97.4; mean 94.4). Exposure estimates indicated a 0.6-16 ng/kg bw range of daily ∑6 PCB intake from a default value of 200 mg/cat of dust ingestion. The intake of PCBs due to dust ingestion fell within the same order of magnitude as that computed from a 60 g daily intake of commercial dry pet foods, while inhalation accounted for 0.21-8.2 ng/kg bw/day, on setting the nominal ∑6 PCB contamination in outdoor and indoor air at 0.37 and 15 ng/m3, respectively. Italian indoor cats could be exposed to higher levels of ∑6 PCBs than the Reference Dose (RfD) of 10 ng/kg/bw/day; this supports the World Health Organization's statement that the quality of the indoor environment is a major determinant of health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomena Fiorito
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici (Naples) , Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- a Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici (Naples) , Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin , Italy
| | - Federico Fracassi
- c Università degli Studi di Bologna , Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Ozzano Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberto Miniero
- d Istituto Superiore di sanità , Environment & Health Department , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- c Università degli Studi di Bologna , Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Ozzano Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- c Università degli Studi di Bologna , Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Ozzano Emilia , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gianfranco Brambilla
- e Istituto Superiore di sanità , Food Safety, Nutrition, and Veterinary Public Health Department , Rome , Italy
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Paßlack N, Kohn B, Doherr MG, Zentek J. Influence of protein concentration and quality in a canned diet on urine composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and energy supply in adult cats. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:225. [PMID: 30045718 PMCID: PMC6060449 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein concentration and quality in cat food can vary considerably, and the impact on feline urine composition and nutrient supply is of high practical relevance. In the present study, 6 canned diets with varying protein concentrations and qualities were fed to 10 healthy adult cats. Protein quality in the diet differed depending on the amount of collagen-rich ingredients. Hydroxyproline concentrations were 2.56-4.45 g/kg dry matter in the high quality and 3.76-9.44 g/kg dry matter in the low quality diets. Protein levels were 36.2, 43.3 and 54.9% in the high quality and 36.7, 45.0 and 56.1% in the low quality groups. Each diet was fed for 6 weeks, using a randomized cross-over design. In the last 2 weeks of each feeding period, urine and faeces of the cats were collected. RESULTS Renal calcium (Ca), oxalate (Ox) and citrate excretion were unaffected by the dietary protein concentration, possibly mediated by a high urine volume (24.2-34.2 ml/kg bodyweight (BW)/day) in all groups. However, renal Ox excretion was lower when the high quality diets were fed (P = 0.013). Urinary relative supersaturation (RSS) with calcium oxalate (CaOx) was low in general, but reduced in the high quality groups (P = 0.031). Urinary RSS values for magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) were high (2.64-5.00) among all groups. Apparent digestibility of crude protein and most minerals was unaffected by the different diets. Feed intake was higher in the low quality groups (P = 0.026), but BW of the cats did not differ depending on dietary protein quality. BW of the cats increased with increasing dietary protein concentrations (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a high protein canned diet might not be a specific risk factor for CaOx urolith formation in cats. In contrast, all diets resulted in high RSS MAP values, which might be critical concerning MAP crystallization. Protein quality had a minor, but significant impact on urine composition, necessitating further research on this subject. A lower energy supply when feeding a low protein quality can be assumed. Changes in BW were only small and require a careful interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Paßlack
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic of Small Animals, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus G Doherr
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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217
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Hall JA, Vondran JC, Vanchina MA, Jewell DE. When fed foods with similar palatability, healthy adult dogs and cats choose different macronutrient compositions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.173450. [PMID: 29773684 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.173450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dogs and cats make short-term food choices based on palatability. We hypothesized that, if palatability were masked, long-term food choices would be based on physiological requirements, and circulating metabolite concentrations would reflect those choices. Four experimental foods with similar palatability, but varying in macronutrient composition, were prepared for healthy adult dogs (n=17) and cats (n=27). Food 1 was high protein; food 2 was high fat; food 3 was high carbohydrates; and food 4 was balanced for macronutrients. By choosing any combination of foods, dogs and cats could individually set their macronutrient intake. Plasma metabolomic profiles were determined at baseline and after animals had consumed their food intake of choice for 28 days. Based on food intake calculations over 28 days, dogs on average chose to consume most of their calories from fat (41.1±4.3%) and then carbohydrate (35.8±3.7%), whereas cats on average chose to consume most of their calories from carbohydrate (43.1±4.0%) and then protein (30.3±3.9%; all P<0.001). Age and lean or fat body mass also influenced protein intake. Younger, leaner cats consumed more protein compared with older cats, whereas younger, leaner dogs consumed less protein compared with dogs having more fat body mass. Older cats with moderate protein intake had lower circulating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations as well as higher concentrations of sulfated microbial catabolic products compared with younger, leaner cats. In summary, when fed foods with similar palatability, dogs and cats consume different macronutrient compositions, and concentrations of circulating metabolites in cats reflect food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dryden Hall 206, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4802, USA
| | - Jodi C Vondran
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, KS 66617-1587, USA
| | - Melissa A Vanchina
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, KS 66617-1587, USA
| | - Dennis E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd Street, Topeka, KS 66617-1587, USA
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Portela DA, Verdier N, Otero PE. Regional anesthetic techniques for the pelvic limb and abdominal wall in small animals: A review of the literature and technique description. Vet J 2018; 238:27-40. [PMID: 30103913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest in using peripheral nerve blocks in small animals is evident, given the numerous studies published recently on this topic in important veterinary journals. Initially, research was focused on intraoperative analgesia to the pelvic limb, and several descriptions of lumbosacral plexus, femoral and sciatic nerve blocks have been described in studies. There is recent interest in developing techniques for somatosensory blockade of the abdominal wall. This article is the second part of a two-part review of regional anesthesia (RA) in small animals, and its aim is to discuss the most relevant studies in the veterinary literature, where objective methods of nerve location have been used, and to illustrate in pictures the currently used techniques for providing RA to the abdominal wall and the pelvic limb in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Portela
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - N Verdier
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P E Otero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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219
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Dryden MW, Canfield MS, Bocon C, Phan L, Niedfeldt E, Kinnon A, Warcholek SA, Smith V, Bress TS, Smith N, Heaney K, Royal C, Normile D, Armstrong R, Sun F. In-home assessment of either topical fluralaner or topical selamectin for flea control in naturally infested cats in West Central Florida, USA. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:422. [PMID: 30012222 PMCID: PMC6048752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An investigation was conducted in West Central Florida, USA to evaluate the efficacy of either topically applied fluralaner or topically applied selamectin to control flea infestations, minimize dermatologic lesions and reduce pruritus in naturally flea infested cats over a 12-week period. When dogs were present in the households, they were treated with either oral fluralaner (if household cats were treated with topical fluralaner) or oral sarolaner (if household cats were treated with topical selamectin). Methods Thirty-one cats in 20 homes were treated once with fluralaner topical solution on day 0 and 18 dogs in these homes were administered a single fluralaner chewable. Twenty-nine cats in 18 homes were treated once monthly with a selamectin topical solution for 3 treatments and 13 dogs in these same homes were treated once monthly for 3 treatments with a sarolaner chewable. Fleas on cats were counted by flea combing, fleas on dogs were estimated using visual area counts and fleas in the indoor premises were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps. Blinded-assessments of feline dermatologic lesions were conducted monthly and pruritus severity was evaluated by pet owners. Results A single topical application of fluralaner reduced flea populations on cats by 96.6% within 7 days and by 100% at 12 weeks post-treatment. This efficacy was significantly greater than selamectin treatment where single topical application reduced flea populations on cats by 79.4% within 7 days of initial treatment and 3 consecutive monthly treatments reduced flea populations by 91.3% at the end of 12 weeks. At the end of the 12-week study, all fluralaner-treated cats were flea-free and this was significantly greater than the 38.5% of selamectin treated cats that were flea-free. At the end of the study, fleas were completely eradicated (from cats, dogs and homes) in 95.0% of fluralaner treatment group homes, significantly greater than the 31.3% of selamectin/sarolaner treatment group homes with complete flea eradication. Owner reported cat pruritus was reduced similarly in both treatment groups. Significant improvements in dermatologic lesion scores were achieved by day 30 in fluralaner treated cats and by day 60 in selamectin treated cats. Conclusions An in-home investigation in subtropical Florida found that 1 application of topical fluralaner eliminated flea infestations on cats and in homes significantly more effectively than 3 consecutive monthly doses of selamectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Dryden
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Michael S Canfield
- Animal Dermatology South, 7741 Congress St New Port Richey, Port Richey, FL, 34653, USA
| | - Cara Bocon
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Letitia Phan
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Emily Niedfeldt
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Amanda Kinnon
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Stanislaw A Warcholek
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Vicki Smith
- Deptartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Todd S Bress
- Animal Dermatology South, 7741 Congress St New Port Richey, Port Richey, FL, 34653, USA
| | - Nicole Smith
- Animal Dermatology South, 7741 Congress St New Port Richey, Port Richey, FL, 34653, USA
| | - Kathleen Heaney
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - Christine Royal
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | - Dorothy Normile
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
| | | | - Fangshi Sun
- Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farms, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA
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Farkas R, Takács N, Gyurkovszky M, Henszelmann N, Kisgergely J, Balka G, Solymosi N, Vass A. The first feline and new canine cases of Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) infection in Hungary. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:338. [PMID: 29884211 PMCID: PMC5993998 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, the first Thelazia callipaeda infections were found in the eyes of some dogs in Italy three decades ago. Since that time, this vector-borne nematode species has been diagnosed in domestic and wild carnivores and humans in some western European countries. During the last few years, autochthonous thelaziosis of dogs, red foxes, cats and humans has also been reported from eastern Europe. The first cases of ocular infections caused by T. callipaeda have been described in dogs living in the eastern and southern part of Slovakia and Hungary. METHODS Whitish parasites found in the conjuctival sac and/or under the third eyelid of one or both eyes of animals were removed and morphologically identified according to species and sex. To confirm the morphological identification with molecular analysis a single step conventional PCR was carried out. RESULTS A total of 116 adult worms (1-37 per dog, median: 7, IQR: 14.5 and 7 from a cat) were collected from the eyes of 11 animals. Nematodes were identified as T. callipaeda according to the morphological keys and molecular analysis. The sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were identical to those representing T. callipaeda haplotype 1, previously reported in neighbouring and other European countries. Since the infected cat and dogs had never travelled abroad, all of the cases were autochthonous thelaziosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study reports the first case of thelaziosis in a cat and new cases in 10 dogs found in the southern and northern region of Hungary, respectively. Further studies are needed to clarify whether wild carnivores (e.g. red foxes, golden jackals) may act as reservoirs of this eyeworm species in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Gyurkovszky
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vass
- Népkerti Veterinary Clinic, Miskolc, Hungary
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Kamani J, Harrus S, Nachum-Biala Y, Salant H, Mumcuoglu KY, Baneth G. Pathogenic and endosymbiont apicomplexans in Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) from cats in Jerusalem, Israel. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 57:29-33. [PMID: 30017075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pathogenic and endosymbiont apicomplexans in the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) infesting 185 stray cats in Jerusalem, Israel using PCR assay and sequencing approach. Two pathogens, Hepatozoon felis and Babesia vogeli and an endosymbiont Steinina ctenocephali were detected in 1.9%, 0.2% and 5.8% of 685 C. felis evaluated respectively. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of H. felis and the sex of cats hosting the fleas as well as the season of sampling but not for age or health status of the cats or sex of the fleas tested. Prevalence of S. ctenocephali was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with season, being higher in the warm season. This report represents the first molecular detection of S. ctenocephali in C. felis. Further studies to determine the potential role of C. felis in the epidemiology of H. felis and B. vogeli are warranted.
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Mohammadi R, Anousheh D, Alaei MH, Nikpasand A, Rostami H, Shahrooz R. Local Xenotransplantation of Bone Marrow Derived Mast Cells (BMMCs) Improves Functional Recovery of Transected Sciatic Nerve in Cat: A Novel Approach in Cell Therapy. Bull Emerg Trauma 2018; 6:108-114. [PMID: 29719840 DOI: 10.29252/beat-060204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) on functional recovery of transected sciatic nerve in animal model of cat. Method A 20-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a silicone nerve guide filled with BMMCs in BMMC group. In Sham-surgery group (SHAM), the sciatic nerve was only exposed and manipulated. In control group (SILOCONE) the gap was repaired with a silicone nerve guide and both ends were sealed using sterile Vaseline to avoid leakage and the nerve guide was filled with 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline alone. In cell treated group ([SILOCONE/BMMC) the nerve guide was filled with 100 μL BMMCs (2× 106 cells/100 μL). The regenerated nerve fibers were studied, biomechanically, histologically and immunohiscochemically 6 months later. Results Biomechanical studies confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in BMMCs transplanted animals compared to control group (p<0.05). Morphometric indices of the regenerated fibers showed that the number and diameter of the myelinated fibers were significantly higher in BMMCs transplanted animals than in control group (p<0.05). In immunohistochemistry, location of reactions to S-100 in BMMCs transplanted animals was clearly more positive than that in control group. Conclusion BMMCs xenotransplantation could be considered as a readily accessible source of cells that could improve recovery of transected sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Mohammadi
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Dana Anousheh
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hazhir Alaei
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amin Nikpasand
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hawdam Rostami
- Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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De Luca E, Crisi PE, Di Domenico M, Malatesta D, Vincifori G, Di Tommaso M, Di Guardo G, Di Francesco G, Petrini A, Savini G, Boari A, Lorusso A. A real-time RT-PCR assay for molecular identification and quantitation of feline morbillivirus RNA from biological specimens. J Virol Methods 2018; 258:24-28. [PMID: 29730392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a real-time RT-PCR to detect and quantitate feline morbillivirus (FeMV) RNA in biological samples. Primers and probe were targeted on a conserved region of FeMV P/V/C gene. To validate the assay with field samples, a total number of specimens of cats have been recruited including 264 urine and blood samples and compared with a generic RT-PCR targeting the L protein encoding gene of morbilliviruses. In addition, 385 tissue samples from 35 carcasses of cats have been also employed. RNA titres were low in all tested samples. Results also indicated the absence of cross-reaction with related morbilliviruses and existing pathogens of cats. In tissues with low levels of FeMV RNA, the presence of viral antigen was also evidenced by immunohistochemistry targeting the N viral protein. This newly described assay allows for a rapid, accurate and reliable quantitative detection of FeMV RNA that can be applied for diagnostics and research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Luca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Boari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.
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Bradbrook C, Clark L. State of the art analgesia-Recent developments pharmacological approaches to acute pain management in dogs and cats: Part 2. Vet J 2018; 236:62-67. [PMID: 29871752 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in the area of acute pain management over recent years, focusing on pain assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The evidence base for our clinical decision making and treatment of patients is ever increasing and becoming more robust. There is still a tendency to base some aspects of pain management on poor quality evidence and this requires further input in years to come. With new literature come new ideas and this review will detail the current knowledge base behind pharmacological management of acute pain in dogs and cats. The known mechanisms of action of each analgesic and its evidence will be considered. The second part of this review will consider the non-traditional analgesics, describing their component drugs individually, thereby focusing on their mechanisms of action and the current evidence for their use in acute pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Clark
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Herts, SG5 3HR, UK
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Symeonidou I, Gelasakis AI, Arsenopoulos K, Angelou A, Beugnet F, Papadopoulos E. Feline gastrointestinal parasitism in Greece: emergent zoonotic species and associated risk factors. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:227. [PMID: 29618378 PMCID: PMC5885467 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline gastrointestinal parasitism constitutes an issue of concern for veterinarians since parasites are widespread and affect animals' health and welfare. Furthermore, some of these pathogens have zoonotic potential. To provide detailed data on the current epizootiology of feline endoparasitism, a multicentric survey was conducted during 2016. METHODS Faeces from 1150 cats were collected from all regions of Greece and examined by sedimentation and flotation techniques. Possible risk factors including gender, age, ownership status, living conditions and co-infections with other parasites were assessed using binary regression models for each one of the most prevalent parasites. RESULTS The overall gastrointestinal parasite prevalence in cats was 50.7%. The study population consisted of cats of both sexes, different age groups, ownership status and living conditions. A total of 10 gastrointestinal parasitic species were detected and up to 5 different parasites were isolated in the same faecal sample. The most frequently identified parasites were Toxocara cati (n = 278; 24.2%), followed by Cystoisospora spp. (n = 189; 16.4%), Ancylostomatidae (n = 186; 16.2%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (n = 40; 3.5%), Giardia spp. (n = 26; 2.3%), Joyeuxiella pasqualei (n = 14; 1.2%), Capillaria aerophila (n = 8; 0.7%), Dipylidium caninum (n = 3; 0.2%), Toxascaris leonina (n = 2; 0.1%) and Troglostrongylus brevior (n = 2; 0.1%). The occurrence of co-infections was 11.6%. Concerning risk factors, the likelihood of T. cati infection was higher for female cats living outdoors and for cats being infected with Cystoisospora spp. In the same frame, young, stray, male and free of A. abstrusus cats were more likely to be infected with Cystoisospora spp. Correspondingly, stray, infected with Giardia spp. but free of Cystoisospora spp. cats were more likely to be infected with Ancylostomatidae. Regarding A. abstrusus infection, a higher probability was reported for cats living outdoors and for cats free of Cystoisospora spp., while Giardia spp. infections were more common in young and co-infected with Ancylostomatidae animals. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of parasitized cats in Greece was high and thus consideration should be paid to control the risk factors, to implement targeted preventive antiparasitic treatments and educate cat owners on the value of prevention for the health and welfare of their cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaia Symeonidou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box: 393, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios I Gelasakis
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, ELGO-Demeter, GR 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box: 393, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Angelou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box: 393, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frederic Beugnet
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 29 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box: 393, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- From the Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- From the Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Greay TL, Zahedi A, Krige AS, Owens JM, Rees RL, Ryan UM, Oskam CL, Irwin PJ. Endemic, exotic and novel apicomplexan parasites detected during a national study of ticks from companion animals in Australia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:197. [PMID: 29558984 PMCID: PMC5859549 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apicomplexan tick-borne pathogens that cause disease in companion animals include species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893, Cytauxzoon Neitz & Thomas, 1948, Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 and Theileria Bettencourt, Franca & Borges, 1907. The only apicomplexan tick-borne disease of companion animals that is known to occur in Australia is babesiosis, caused by Babesia canis vogeli Reichenow, 1937 and Babesia gibsoni Patton, 1910. However, no molecular investigations have widely investigated members of Apicomplexa Levine, 1980 in Australian ticks that parasitise dogs, cats or horses, until this present investigation. RESULTS Ticks (n = 711) removed from dogs (n = 498), cats (n = 139) and horses (n = 74) throughout Australia were screened for piroplasms and Hepatozoon spp. using conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing. The tick-borne pathogen B. vogeli was identified in two Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille ticks from dogs residing in the Northern Territory and Queensland (QLD). Theileria orientalis Yakimov & Sudachenkov, 1931 genotype Ikeda was detected in three Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann ticks from dogs in New South Wales. Unexpectedly, the exotic tick-borne pathogen Hepatozoon canis James, 1905 was identified in an Ixodes holocyclus Neumann tick from a dog in QLD. Eight novel piroplasm and Hepatozoon species were identified and described in native ticks and named as follows: Babesia lohae n. sp., Babesia mackerrasorum n. sp., Hepatozoon banethi n. sp., Hepatozoon ewingi n. sp., Theileria apogeana n. sp., Theileria palmeri n. sp., Theileria paparinii n. sp. and Theileria worthingtonorum n. sp. Additionally, a novel cf. Sarcocystidae sp. sequence was obtained from Ixodes tasmani Neumann but could not be confidently identified at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS Novel species of parasites in ticks represent an unknown threat to the health of companion animals that are bitten by these native tick species. The vector potential of Australian ticks for the newly discovered apicomplexans needs to be assessed, and further clinical and molecular investigations of these parasites, particularly in blood samples from dogs, cats and horses, is required to determine their potential for pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telleasha L. Greay
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Anna-Sheree Krige
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Jadyn M. Owens
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Robert L. Rees
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Una M. Ryan
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Charlotte L. Oskam
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter J. Irwin
- Vector and Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
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Díaz-Regañón D, Villaescusa A, Ayllón T, Rodríguez-Franco F, García-Sancho M, Agulla B, Sainz Á. Epidemiological study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats from central Spain. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:140. [PMID: 29554981 PMCID: PMC5859754 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) have been found infecting cats worldwide. However, studies about feline hemoplasma infections in Spain are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to evaluate the prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas and to characterize risk factors and clinical findings associated with these infections in a cat population from the Madrid area, Spain. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” (CMhm) and “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” (CMt) in blood samples from 456 client-owned and 138 stray cats from Madrid. In order to assess associations between these hemoplasma infections and epidemiological parameters, data regarding signalment, environment, prophylaxis measures, retrovirus status, clinical signs and laboratory findings were compiled, whenever possible. Results DNA of feline hemoplasmas was detected from the blood of 63 out of 594 cats (10.6%), with a prevalence of 3.7% (22/594) for Mhf, 8.1% (48/594) for CMhm and 0.5% (3/594) for CMt. Stray cats had statistically higher prevalences of feline hemoplasmas (15.9%) and, specifically, of Mhf (8.7%) than client-owned cats (9 and 2.2%, respectively). A total of seven cats (1.17%) were co-infected with “Candidatus M. haemominutum” and M. haemofelis, two (0.33%) with “Candidatus M. haemominutum” and “Candidatus M. turicensis” and another one (0.17%) with M. haemofelis and Candidatus “M. turicensis”. Male gender, collection of blood during warm months and FeLV/FIV positivity status were associated with hemotropic mycoplasma infection in cats from Madrid. Additionally, within the group of client-owned cats, hemoplasma infection was associated with adult age, outdoor access, and the existence of low haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration values. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasmas performed in central Spain (Madrid). Our study confirms that “Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum”, Mycoplasma haemofelis and “Ca. Mycoplasma turicensis” are infecting client-owned and stray cats in this region of Spain, “Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum” being the most prevalent species. More studies are necessary to help understand the role of the natural infection by these species of hemoplasma in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Regañón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Villaescusa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Ayllón
- Instituto Nacional de Infectología Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, CEP 21040- 900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Sancho
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Alho AM, Lima C, Colella V, Madeira de Carvalho L, Otranto D, Cardoso L. Awareness of zoonotic diseases and parasite control practices: a survey of dog and cat owners in Qatar. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:133. [PMID: 29554937 PMCID: PMC5859551 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Qatar is one of the wealthiest and fastest growing economies in the world, experiencing a rapid increase in human and pet populations. Given the paucity of data on prophylactic measures against endo- and ectoparasites of pets in Qatar, as well as on the owners’ awareness of zoonotic diseases, a questionnaire was conducted. Methods From July to November 2017, 150 multiple-choice questionnaires were administered to dog and/or cat owners who attended two veterinary clinics in Doha. Results Only 54% (81/150) owners were aware of transmittable diseases between animals and humans. “Zoonosis/zoonotic disease(s)” was unknown for 88% (132/150) of the respondents and almost a quarter had no idea of transmission pathways associated with parasitic diseases. Thirteen owners (8.7%) reported to have suffered from zoonotic diseases (10 had dermatophytosis, 2 cat-scratch disease and 1 an unknown tick-borne disease) and 24.7% had dewormed themselves. Approximately 83% had their pets yearly vaccinated and 51% identified endo- and ectoparasites on their pets. Only 10% had their animal faeces tested for intestinal parasites as requested by a veterinarian. As for internal parasite control, only 19.3% dewormed their pets with the recommended treatment regimen (minimum quarterly); 52.7% (79/150) dewormed every 4 months to 1 year; 10% (15/150) without periodicity and 8% (12/150) had never done it. For external parasite control, only 16% (24/150) treated their pets with ectoparasiticides on a monthly basis; 44.7% (67/150) every 2 months to 1 year; 6.7% (10/150) without periodicity and 24.7% (37/150) had never done it. Approximately two thirds (63.3%) of pets were allowed to sleep in the owner’s bed and 60% to lick their owner’s face. Almost all pets were fed with dry/canned food, but 4.7% were fed with raw meat. Approximately 79.5% of dog owners collect their pet’s faeces from public areas. Conclusions These results highlight the need to raise pet owners’ awareness towards prophylactic measures to minimize the potential impact of zoonotic diseases on the health of both animals and humans in Qatar. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2720-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Alho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clara Lima
- Hospital Parkview Pet Center - Veterinary Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vito Colella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Rivas AK, Alcover M, Martínez-Orellana P, Montserrat-Sangrà S, Nachum-Biala Y, Bardagí M, Fisa R, Riera C, Baneth G, Solano-Gallego L. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of feline cutaneous leishmaniosis in Venezuela. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:141. [PMID: 29554979 PMCID: PMC5859506 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aruanai Kalú Rivas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Magdalena Alcover
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Montserrat-Sangrà
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mar Bardagí
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Riera
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Lawson JS, Syme HM, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Elliott J. Characterisation of feline renal cortical fibroblast cultures and their transcriptional response to transforming growth factor β1. BMC Vet Res 2018. [PMID: 29523136 PMCID: PMC5845201 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in geriatric cats, and the most prevalent pathology is chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The cell type predominantly responsible for the production of extra-cellular matrix in renal fibrosis is the myofibroblast, and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is probably a crucial event. The cytokine TGF-β1 is reportedly the most important regulator of myofibroblastic differentiation in other species. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterise renal fibroblasts from cadaverous kidney tissue of cats with and without CKD, and to investigate the transcriptional response to TGF-β1. Results Cortical fibroblast cultures were successfully established from the kidney tissue of cats with normal kidney function (FCF) and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD-FCF). Both cell types expressed the mesenchymal markers vimentin, CD44 and CD29, and were negative for the epithelial marker cytokeratin, mesangial cell marker desmin and endothelial cell marker vWF. Only CKD-FCF expressed VCAM-1, a cell marker associated with inflammation. Incubation with TGF-β1 (0–10 ng/ml) induced a concentration dependent change in cell morphology, and upregulation of myofibroblast marker gene α-SMA expression alongside collagen 1α1, fibronectin, TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA. These changes were blocked by the TGF-β1 receptor 1 antagonist SB431542 (5 μM). Conclusions FCF and CKD-FCF can be cultured via a simple method and represent a model for the investigation of the progression of fibrosis in feline CKD. The findings of this study suggest TGF-β1 may be involved in fibroblast-myofibroblast transition in feline CKD, as in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lawson
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - H M Syme
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C P D Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
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232
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Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO), a common cause of poisoning in human beings has also been implicated in the death of animals. Though there are multiple studies on CO poisoning and relevant lethal blood COHb concentrations in humans, there are no reliable reports of diagnostic lethal carboxyhemoglobin percentage of saturation (COHb%) in cats. Additionally, due to shared housing environments, exposures to companion animals can be a surrogate for lethal exposures in human beings and provide valuable information in concurrent forensic investigations. Case presentation Two adult Singapura brown ticked cats were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS) for necropsy and diagnostic work-up. These animals were found dead along with their two deceased owners. Similar lesions were observed in both cats. At necropsy, gross lesions consisted of multifocal, large, irregular, bright red spots on the skin of the abdomen and the inner surface of ear pinnae, bright red muscles and blood. The carcasses, and tissues fixed in formalin retained the bright red discoloration for up to two weeks. Microscopic lesions included diffuse pulmonary congestion and edema, and multifocal intense basophilia of cardiomyocytes mostly affecting whole fibers or occasionally a portion of the fiber. Based on the clinical history,gross and microscopic changes, cyanide or carbon monoxide poisoning was suspected. Blood samples analyzed for carbon monoxide showed 57 and 41% carboxyhemoglobin COHb%. Muscle samples were negative for cyanide. Conclusion There are no established reference values for lethal COHb concentration in cats. The COHb % values detected in this case which fell within the lethal range reported for other species, along with the gross lesions and unique histological findings in the heart suggest a helpful criteria for diagnosis of CO intoxication associated death in cats. This case demonstrates that since pets share the same environment as human beings and often are a part of their activities, they can be useful adjuncts in potential forensic investigations to help solve human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Sobhakumari
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Robert H Poppenga
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - J Brad Pesavento
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA.
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233
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Chan SK, Leung DYM. Dog and Cat Allergies: Current State of Diagnostic Approaches and Challenges. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2018; 10:97-105. [PMID: 29411550 PMCID: PMC5809771 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergies to dogs and cats affect 10%-20% of the population worldwide and is a growing public health concern as these rates increase. Given the prevalence of detectable dog and cat allergens even in households without pets, there is a critical need to accurately diagnose and treat patients to reduce morbidity and mortality from exposure. The ability to diagnose cat sensitization is good, in contrast to dogs. Component resolved diagnostics of sensitization to individual allergenic proteins will dramatically improve diagnosis. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding allergies to dogs and cats, recent advances, therapies such as subcutaneous immunotherapy, and discusses important areas to improve diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. USA
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. USA
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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234
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Zogg AL, Zurfluh K, Schmitt S, Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Stephan R. Antimicrobial resistance, multilocus sequence types and virulence profiles of ESBL producing and non-ESBL producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cats and dogs in Switzerland. Vet Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519530 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among 64 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from 13 cats and 51 dogs, 35 were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and 29 were non-ESBL producers. Forty-six (71.9%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Among the ESBL producers, blaCTX-M-15 (n = 17/48.6% of the blaESBLs), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 10/28.6%), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 4/11.4%), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 3/8.6%), and blaCTX-M-27 (n = 1/2.9%) were identified. The plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB and the azithromycin resistance gene mph(A) were detected in 17 (26.6% of all isolates), one (1.6%) and in 13 (20.3%) respectively. The most frequent phylogenetic groups were C (n = 19) and B2 (n = 15). Twenty-six different sequence types (STs) were identified, with two being novel. The most frequent STs were ST410 (n = 16/25%), ST131, and ST73 (both n = 5/7.8%), and ST361 (n = 4/6.3%). Ten (15.6%) of the STs have been associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans, suggesting zoonotic potential. Among seven virulence-associated genes, fyuA was the most prevalent. The overall aggregate virulence factor (VF) score was highest for isolates belonging to phylogenetic group B2 (median aggregate VF score 6, mean score 5,5, range 3-7), and lowest for isolates belonging to phylogenetic group C (0/ 0.5/0-3). The most frequent ST in this study, ST410, harboured the lowest number of VF (0/0,3/0-2). VF scores were higher in NDR (4/3.8/3-4) than in MDR (1/1,9/0-7), and higher in non-ESBL producing isolates (3/3/0-7) than in ESBL producers (1/1,7/0-7). Our data advance our knowledge of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of UPEC in companion animals and their potential for infection, zoonotic transmission and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Zogg
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- National Centre for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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235
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Rampacci E, Bottinelli M, Stefanetti V, Hyatt DR, Sgariglia E, Coletti M, Passamonti F. Antimicrobial susceptibility survey on bacterial agents of canine and feline urinary tract infections: Weight of the empirical treatment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:192-196. [PMID: 29408407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work characterised the antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens isolated from empirically treated dogs and cats. Within-household transmission of uropathogens can involve humans and companion animals. Knowledge on the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of isolates from canine and feline urine samples and the impact of prior antimicrobial treatment is important to prevent the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted selecting antibiotic-treated companion animals. Urine samples were collected by cystocentesis and were submitted to an Italian diagnostic laboratory over a 2-year period (2013-2015). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was analysed both using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and a formula to help select rational antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS Gram-negative bacteria were clearly prevalent. Gentamicin had the highest impact factors. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and doxycycline appeared to be the most effective compounds against Gram-positive infections, whilst marbofloxacin may be a useful option against Gram-negative urinary tract infections (UTIs) as well as doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in cats and dogs, respectively. Consulting published studies, a comparable overall trend regarding bacterial species incriminated in canine and feline UTIs and their susceptibilities seems likely, despite different circumstances where the studies were conducted. CONCLUSIONS Companion animals are potential reservoirs of drug-resistant uropathogens. Judicious use of antibiotics is necessary to maintain the efficacy of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programmes are therefore essential to facilitate the choice of antimicrobial agent that is most likely to be effective, particularly in cases of prior antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Marco Bottinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, SCT1, Verona and Vicenza 37135, Italy
| | | | - Doreene R Hyatt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
| | - Elisa Sgariglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Mauro Coletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy.
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236
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Soto E, Arauz M, Gallagher CA, Illanes O. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica as the causative agent of mandibular osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw) in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 26:580-584. [PMID: 24821693 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714533117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual case of osteomyelitis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica infection and resulting in mandibular osteomyelitis and cellulitis (lumpy jaw) is described in a young cat. A 1-cm hard nodular mass was an incidental finding in the right mandible of a 14-month-old cat during routine physical examination. The lesion was fast growing, reaching up to 6 cm in its largest dimension over a 5-week period. A core biopsy of the affected mandible revealed foci of osteolysis, woven bone formation, and a few large clusters of filamentous bacteria surrounded by fine eosinophilic amorphous material bordered by neutrophils, plasma cells, macrophages, and occasional multinucleated giant cells. Pure cultures of acid-fast variable, Gram-positive filamentous bacteria were recovered on blood and chocolate agar plates at 48-hr postinoculation. On amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA and 65-kDa heat shock protein genes, the microorganisms were identified as N. cyriacigeorgica, within the actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Soto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Maziel Arauz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Christa Ann Gallagher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Oscar Illanes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
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237
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LI WC, QIN J, WANG K, GU YF. Genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Dogs and Cats in Eastern China. Iran J Parasitol 2018; 13:457-465. [PMID: 30483338 PMCID: PMC6243171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen found in both humans and animals. As companion animals live in close contact with human being, they may act as a zoonotic reservoir and play an important role in transmitting this parasite to humans. We evaluated the prevalence, genotypic diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in dogs and cats in eastern China during Apr to Dec 2013. METHODS Fecal specimens from 315 dogs and 143 cats from veterinary hospitals in eastern China were examined in 2015 by internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR. RESULTS E. bieneusi was detected in 8.6% of canine and in 1.4% of feline samples. Seven genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified, including four known genotypes (PtEb IX, EbpC, Type IV and D) and three novel genotypes, named CHD1, CHD2 and CHD3. The dominant genotype in dogs was PtEbIX (59.3%; n=16/27). Five (CHD1, EbpC, CHD2, D and Type IV) of the seven genotypes were in the so-called zoonotic group 1, whereas genotypes PtEbIX belonged to the dog-specific group and genotypes CHD3 were placed in group 2. CONCLUSION Dogs are predominately infected with host-specific genotypes of E. bieneusi, and the finding of several zoonotic genotypes in dogs and cats reminds us of potentially zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao LI
- College of Animal Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jie QIN
- Chuzhou City Vocation College, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Kai WANG
- College of Animal Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - You-Fang GU
- College of Animal Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China,Correspondence
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238
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Rodriguez KT, Cushing AC, Bernal C, Ramsay EC, Craig LE, Gompf RE. Endocardial fibroelastosis in two related tiger cubs (Panthera tigris). J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:73-77. [PMID: 29289677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two tiger cubs (Panthera tigris) from the same litter were evaluated for suspected cardiac disease. Two cubs with a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype were diagnosed with endocardial fibroelastosis based on necropsy and histopathologic examinations. Echocardiography revealed salient anatomic and functional aspects of this cardiac disorder. This is the first report of endocardial fibroelastosis in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiira T Rodriguez
- University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Andrew C Cushing
- University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Carla Bernal
- University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ed C Ramsay
- University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Linden E Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca E Gompf
- University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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239
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Genchi M, Mangia C, Ferrari N, Loukeri S. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of low burden Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) in dogs and cats. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:31-34. [PMID: 29224180 PMCID: PMC5748436 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigens (Speed Diro™; BVT-Virbac, France) was assessed in 49 experimentally infected dogs and in 244 naturally infected animals; 142 dogs and 102 cats. In experimentally infected dogs, Speed Diro™ showed a sensitivity of 90.9% in dogs infected with one adult female worm and 100% in dogs infected with more than one female worm. Specificity was 100%. For naturally infected dogs, the Knott test and PetChek® HTWM PF served as reference methods for microfilaremia and antigenemia, respectively. All microfilaemic dogs (55/142) were positive with Speed Diro™. Importantly, none of the 21 dogs infected with D. repens were positive. The results of Speed Diro™ for the detection of antigenemia were compared with two in-house tests, SNAP® HTWM and Witness® Dirofilaria, and all three tests were 100% specific and sensitive in comparison to PetChek® HTWM PF. For the evaluation of feline samples, 102 cats were examined by echocardiography. Sera from 87 heartworm-infected cats were tested by Speed Diro™ and SNAP® HTWM. The results of Speed Diro™ were equivalent to SNAP® HTWM, with a sensitivity of 98.9% and a specificity of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Genchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Mangia
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Loukeri
- BVT-Virbac, 285 avenue de Rome, 83500, La Seyne sur Mer, France.
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240
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Whitfield Z, Kelman M, Ward MP. Delineation of an endemic tick paralysis zone in southeastern Australia. Vet Parasitol 2017; 247:42-48. [PMID: 29080763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tick paralysis has a major impact on pet dog and cat populations in southeastern Australia. It results from envenomation by Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes cornuatus ticks, the role of Ixodes cornuatus in the epidemiology of this disease in Australia being unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the geographical distribution of tick paralysis cases in southeastern Australia using data from a national disease surveillance system and to compare characteristics of "endemic" cases with those reported outside this endemic zone ("sporadic" cases). Data were collated and a proportional symbol map of all cases by postcode was created. A 15-case isopleth was developed based on descriptive spatial statistics (directional ellipses) and then kernel smoothing to distinguish endemic from sporadic cases. During the study period (January 2010-December 2015) 12,421 cases were reported, and 10,839 of these reported by clinics located in 434 postcodes were included in the study. Endemic cases were predominantly reported from postcodes in coastal southeastern Australia, from southern Queensland to eastern Victoria. Of those cases meeting selection criteria, within the endemic zone 10,767 cases were reported from 351 (88%) postcodes and outside this zone 72 cases were reported from 48 (12%) postcodes. Of these latter 48 postcodes, 18 were in Victoria (26 cases), 16 in New South Wales (28 cases), 7 in Tasmania (9 cases), 5 in South Australia (7 cases) and 2 in Queensland (2 cases). Seasonal distribution in reporting was found: 62% of endemic and 52% of sporadic cases were reported in spring. The number of both endemic and sporadic cases reported peaked in October and November, but importantly a secondary peak in reporting of sporadic cases in April was found. In non-endemic areas, summer was the lowest risk season whilst in endemic areas, autumn was the lowest risk season. Two clusters of sporadic cases were identified, one in South Australia (P=0.022) during the period 22 May to 2 June 2012 and another in New South Wales (P=0.059) during the period 9 October to 29 November 2012. Endemic and sporadic cases did not differ with respect to neuter status (P=0.188), sex (P=0.205), case outcome (P=0.367) or method of diagnosis (P=0.413). However, sporadic cases were 4.2-times more likely to be dogs than cats (P<0.001). The endemic tick paralysis zone described is consistent with previous anecdotal reports. Sporadic cases reported outside this zone might be due to a history of pet travel to endemic areas, small foci of I. holocyclus outside of the endemic zone, or in the case of southern areas, tick paralysis caused by I. cornuatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Whitfield
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Kelman
- Kelman Scientific, Peregian Beach QLD, Australia
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden NSW, Australia.
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241
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Abstract
Dogs and cats entering animal shelters are at high risk of acquiring 1 or more contagious infectious diseases. Such animals may be severely stressed, exhausted, and unwell, as well as malnourished and parasitized. The typically high throughput of shelter animals, many of them young and of unknown vaccination status, plays a role. Vaccines are a crucially important part of the management approach to limiting morbidity, mortality, and spread of infection. Guidelines for the use of vaccines in shelters have been published and are reviewed and discussed in this article.
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242
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Shuralev EA, Shamaev ND, Mukminov MN, Nagamune K, Taniguchi Y, Saito T, Kitoh K, Arleevskaya MI, Fedotova AY, Abdulmanova DR, Aleksandrova NM, Efimova MA, Yarullin AI, Valeeva AR, Khaertynov KS, Takashima Y. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in goats, cats and humans in Russia. Parasitol Int 2017; 67:112-114. [PMID: 29126978 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, a most common zoonosis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. However, there is little epidemiological information on T. gondii infections in humans and livestock animals in Russia. Therefore, in this study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats in Russia was investigated. A total of 216 goats from 32 farms were investigated and 95 of them were seropositive for T. gondii. The difference in seroprevalence between the examined regions was not statistically significant. We next collected serum samples from 99 cats and 181 humans in Kazan city, the state capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and examined their T. gondii seroprevalences. Thirty-nine of the 99 cat samples and 56 of the 181 human samples showed seropositivity. Logistical regression analysis revealed that the cat breeding history of the human subjects, but not their sex or age is a significant risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity. These findings suggest that the natural environment in Russia may be widely polluted with T. gondii oocysts shed by cats, and ingestion of these oocysts provides a major route for human infection with this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard A Shuralev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation; Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 36 Butlerova St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russian Federation; Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai D Shamaev
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Malik N Mukminov
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation; Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 36 Butlerova St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Kisaburo Nagamune
- Division of Protozoology, Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yuji Taniguchi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taizo Saito
- Department of Veterinary Parasitological Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kitoh
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Parasitological Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Marina I Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 36 Butlerova St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Yu Fedotova
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Diana R Abdulmanova
- Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya M Aleksandrova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan 420075, Russian Federation; Combinatorial Chemistry and Neurobiology OpenLab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Efimova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Aynur I Yarullin
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Anna R Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 36 Butlerova St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russian Federation
| | - Kamil S Khaertynov
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 36 Butlerova St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russian Federation; Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan 420075, Russian Federation
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Veterinary Parasitological Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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243
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Sakai K, Maeda S, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. Decreased plasma amino acid concentrations in cats with chronic gastrointestinal diseases and their possible contribution in the inflammatory response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 195:1-6. [PMID: 29249312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In humans, plasma amino acids (AAs) levels are used as dynamic nutritional markers. Moreover, some AAs are associated with chronic inflammation. In this study, we analyzed plasma AA profiles in cats with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Eight healthy controls (HCs) and 12 client-owned cats with chronic GI diseases including chronic enteritis (n=8) and neoplasms (n=4) were recruited. Plasma albumin, total protein, and 22 AAs (11 essential and 11 non-essential AAs) levels were estimated. There was no significant difference in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations between the cats with chronic GI diseases and HCs. The plasma concentrations of 7 essential AAs (arginine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, taurine, and tryptophan) and 7 non-essential AAs (asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, proline, and serine) were significantly decreased in the cats with chronic GI diseases (P<0.05). Moreover, plasma histidine and tryptophan levels were inversely correlated with severity of symptoms (histidine: rs=-0.7781, P<0.005; tryptophan: rs=-0.6040, P<0.05). To examine the contribution of altered AAs levels in the inflammatory response, feline macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with or without histidine, and the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA was quantified. The expression of IL-8 mRNA was significantly increased in the LPS-stimulated feline macrophages (P<0.05). Histidine almost suppressed the LPS-induced IL-8 expression in the feline macrophages (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that plasma AAs levels are more sensitive nutritional markers than albumin and total protein levels in cats with chronic GI diseases. There is a possibility that the decrease of histidine levels in cats with GI diseases is associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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244
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Saputra S, Jordan D, Mitchell T, Wong HS, Abraham RJ, Kidsley A, Turnidge J, Trott DJ, Abraham S. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Australia. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:43-50. [PMID: 29102120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli have become a major public health concern to both humans and animal health. While the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical E. coli is monitored regularly in human medicine, current frequency of AMR in companion animals remains unknown in Australia. In this study we conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and where possible, determined potential risk factors for MDR infection among 883 clinical Escherichia coli isolated from dogs (n=514), cats (n=341) and horses (n=28). AST was undertaken for 15 antimicrobial agents according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and interpreted using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) as well as CLSI veterinary and human clinical breakpoints. The AST revealed complete absence of resistance to carbapenems while resistance to amikacin was observed at a low level in isolates from dogs (1.6%) and cats (1.5%) compared to horses (10.7%). Among dog isolates, resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 9.1%-9.3% whereas among cat isolates, it ranged from 3.2%-5%. Among dog isolates, the proportion showing a 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) non-wild type phenotype was significantly higher (P<0.05) in skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI, n=122) isolates (17.2%-20.5%) compared to urinary tract infection (UTI, n=392) isolates (9.9%-10.2%). The frequency of multidrug resistance was 18.1%, 11.7% and 42.9% in dog, cat and horse isolates, respectively. Risk factor analysis revealed that MDR E. coli isolated from UTI were positively associated with chronicity of infection and previous antimicrobial treatment. Dogs and cats with chronic UTI that had been previously treated with antimicrobials were eight times and six times more likely to be infected with MDR E. coli compared to dogs and cats with non-chronic UTI, and no history of antimicrobial treatment, respectively. This study revealed that pre-existing disease condition and prior antimicrobial use were the major risks associated with UTI with MDR E. coli in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiyono Saputra
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia; Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - David Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - Tahlia Mitchell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Hui San Wong
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Kidsley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - John Turnidge
- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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245
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Qekwana DN, Sebola D, Oguttu JW, Odoi A. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus species isolated from cats presented at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:286. [PMID: 28915926 PMCID: PMC5602873 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in both human and veterinary medicine. This study investigated the proportion of antimicrobial resistant samples and resistance patterns of Staphylococcus isolates from cats presented at a veterinary teaching hospital in South Africa. Records of 216 samples from cats that were submitted to the bacteriology laboratory of the University of Pretoria academic veterinary hospital between 2007 and 2012 were evaluated. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against a panel of 15 drugs using the disc diffusion method. Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess simple associations between antimicrobial resistance and age group, sex, breed and specimen type. Additionally, associations between Staphylococcus infection and age group, breed, sex and specimen type were assessed using logistic regression. Results Staphylococcus spp. isolates were identified in 17.6% (38/216) of the samples submitted and 4.6% (10/216) of these were unspeciated. The majority (61.1%,11/18) of the isolates were from skin samples, followed by otitis media (34.5%, 10/29). Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) comprised 11.1% (24/216) of the samples of which 7.9% (17/216) were S. intermedius group and 3.2% (7/216) were S. aureus. Among the Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (1.9%, 4/216), S. felis and S. simulans each constituted 0.9% (2/216). There was a significant association between Staphylococcus spp. infection and specimen type with odds of infection being higher for ear canal and skin compared to urine specimens. There were higher proportions of samples resistant to clindamycin 34.2% (13/25), ampicillin 32.4% (2/26), lincospectin 31.6% (12/26) and penicillin-G 29.0% (11/27). Sixty three percent (24/38) of Staphylococcus spp. were resistant to one antimicrobial agent and 15.8% were multidrug resistant (MDR). MDR was more common among S. aureus 28.6% (2/7) than S. intermedius group isolates 11.8% (2/17). One S. intermedius group isolate was resistant to all β-lactam antimicrobial agents tested. Conclusion S. intermedius group was the most common cause of skin infections and antimicrobial resistance was not wide spread among cats presented at the veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. However, the presence of MDR-Staphylococcus spp. and isolates resistant to all β-lactams is of both public health and animal health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nenene Qekwana
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, SectionVeterinary Public Health, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dikeledi Sebola
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, SectionVeterinary Public Health, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Agricola Odoi
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, SectionVeterinary Public Health, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. .,University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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246
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Britton AP, Blum SE, Legge C, Sojonky K, Zabek EN. Multi-locus sequence typing of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus strains isolated from cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:126-129. [PMID: 28906182 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717732372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus ( S. zooepidemicus) causes outbreaks of fatal respiratory disease in dog shelters and fatal respiratory and neurologic disease in cat shelters. We conducted multi-locus sequence typing analysis on S. zooepidemicus isolates from 5 Canadian and 3 Israeli cats with severe respiratory and neurologic disease, plus 1 isolate from a clinically normal shelter cat. Our aim was to determine if feline outbreaks are clonal and whether there is commonality between feline and canine strains. ST363 was identified as the causative strain of a Canadian outbreak of S. zooepidemicus-linked disease, and is a double-locus variant of ST173, which was isolated from one of the Israeli cats. ST363 was also isolated from the clinically normal cat, indicative of the potential for enzootic infection in shelters. Strains within the ST173 clonal complex were responsible for 2 large canine outbreaks in the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as the death of 1 cat in the United States outbreak. ST215 was isolated from 2 cats in the Israeli outbreak, and is unrelated to the ST173 complex. We conclude that S. zooepidemicus outbreaks in cat shelters are clonal and that strains within the ST173 clonal complex are pathogenic for both dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Britton
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Sojonky, Zabek).,Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel (Blum).,Diagnostic Services Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Legge)
| | - Shlomo E Blum
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Sojonky, Zabek).,Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel (Blum).,Diagnostic Services Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Legge)
| | - Carolyn Legge
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Sojonky, Zabek).,Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel (Blum).,Diagnostic Services Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Legge)
| | - Ken Sojonky
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Sojonky, Zabek).,Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel (Blum).,Diagnostic Services Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Legge)
| | - Erin N Zabek
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada (Britton, Sojonky, Zabek).,Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel (Blum).,Diagnostic Services Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Legge)
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247
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Slovak JE, Rivera SM, Hwang JK, Court MH, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid after Intravenous Administration of Mycophenolate Mofetil to Healthy Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1827-1832. [PMID: 28892209 PMCID: PMC5697187 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative immunosuppressant in feline medicine. Pharmacokinetic information is not available for cats. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether MMF is biotransformed into the active metabolite MPA and to evaluate the disposition of MPA after a 2‐hour constant rate intravenous (IV) infusion of MMF in healthy cats. Animals Healthy cats (n = 6). Methods This was a prospective pilot study. All cats were administered MMF at 20 mg/kg every 12 hours over a 2‐hour constant rate infusion for 1 day. The concentrations of MPA and its derivatives in blood were determined using a validated UHPLC–UV method. Results All cats biotransformed MMF into MPA. The mean AUC0‐14 h ranged from 6 to 50 h*mg/L after IV dosing of MMF. Transient large bowel diarrhea was recorded in 2 of 6 cats after medication administration. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The disposition of MPA in plasma was highly variable, which could result in high interindividual variability in the safety and efficacy of treatment with MMF in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Slovak
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - S M Rivera
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - J K Hwang
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - M H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - N F Villarino
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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248
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Wang L, Fu X, Zheng Y, Zhou P, Fang B, Huang S, Zhang X, Chen J, Cao Z, Tian J, Li S. The NS1 protein of H5N6 feline influenza virus inhibits feline beta interferon response by preventing NF-κB and IRF3 activation. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 74:60-68. [PMID: 28395999 PMCID: PMC7173090 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the apparent lack of a feline influenza virus lineage, cats are susceptible to infection by influenza A viruses. Here, we characterized in vitro A/feline/Guangdong/1/2015, an H5N6 avian influenza virus recently isolated from cats. A/feline/Guangdong/1/2015 replicated to high titers and caused CPE in feline kidney cells. We determined that infection with A/feline/Guangdong/1/2015 did not activate the IFN-β promoter, but inhibited it by blocking the activation of NF-κB and IRF3. We also determined that the viral NS1 protein mediated the block, and that the dsRNA binding domain of NS1 was essential to perform this function. In contrast to treatment after infection, cells pretreated with IFN-β suppressed viral replication. Our findings provide an example of an H5N6 influenza virus suppressing IFN production, which might be associated with interspecies transmission of avian influenza viruses to cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center on Pet, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinliang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center on Pet, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center on Pet, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - San Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center on Pet, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center on Pet, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zongxi Cao
- Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Hainan, PR China
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center on Pet, Guangzhou, PR China.
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249
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Sciurano RB, De Luca G, Rahn IM, Solari AJ. The XY Body of the Cat (Felis catus): Structural Differentiations and Protein Immunolocalization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2017; 152:137-147. [PMID: 28848076 DOI: 10.1159/000479569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heteromorphic X and Y chromosomes behave in a special way in mammalian spermatocytes; they form the XY body and synapse only partially. The aim of this article was to study the origin and the role of the special differentiations in the XY pair of the domestic cat during pachytene by analyzing its fine structural characteristics and the immunolocalization of the main meiotic proteins SYCP3, SYCP1, SYCE3, SMC3, γ-H2AX, BRCA1, H3K27me3, and MLH1. The cat XY body shows particularly striking structures: an extreme degree of axial fibrillation in late pachynema and a special location of SYCP3-containing fibrils, bridging different regions of the main X axis, as well as one bridge at the inner end of the pairing region that colocalizes with the single mandatory MLH1 focus. There are sequential changes, first bullous expansions, then subdivision into fibrils, all involving axial thickening. The chromatin of the XY body presents the usual features of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. An analysis of the XY body of many eutherians and metatherians suggests that axial thickenings are primitive features. The sequential changes in the mass and location of SYCP3-containing fibers vary among the clades because of specific processes of axial assembly/disassembly occurring in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta B Sciurano
- 2da. U.A. Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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250
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Kunkitti P, Chatdarong K, Suwimonteerabutr J, Nedumpun T, Johannisson A, Bergqvist AS, Sjunnesson Y, Axnér E. Osmotic tolerance of feline epididymal spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:148-153. [PMID: 28847638 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During the cryopreservation process, spermatozoa are exposed to hypertonic solutions contributed by the high concentration of cryoprotectant. During addition and removal of cryoprotectant the spermatozoa are subjected to a substantial osmotic stress. Spermatozoa of different species and different stages of maturation may have different susceptibility to osmotic stress depending on the biology of the cell membrane and this will affect their tolerance to the freezing-thawing stress. The aims of this study were to determine the osmotic tolerance limits for motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of feline epididymal spermatozoa and to study the effect of osmotic stress on the feline spermatozoa of different epididymal regions. Epididymal spermatozoa from three regions (caput, corpus and cauda) were pre-exposed to various osmolalities (75, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mOsm) in a single step for 10min and returned to 300 mOsm afterward. Percentage of motile spermatozoa was measured subjectively and membrane integrity (SYBR-14 positive cells) was evaluated prior to and after exposure to different osmolalities. The mitochondrial membrane potential (JC1) of spermatozoa were evaluated using flow cytometer and compared between epididymal regions (caput, corpus and cauda). All the parameters were compared using a mixed procedure. The percentage of motile epididymal spermatozoa decreased significantly when spermatozoa were exposed to 75 mOsm and 600 mOsm. Epididymal spermatozoa showed signs of damage when pre-exposed to 900 and 1200 mOsm and returned to isotonic condition as significant reduction of membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed (P<0.05). The plasma membrane of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymal region showed higher susceptibility to osmotic stress than the other regions as demonstrated by a significant difference between regions after return to isotonicity from 900 mOsm (P>0.01) and a difference between caput and corpus after return from 1200 mOsm (P<0.05). The corpus and cauda epididymal spermatozoa had higher percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential than those from caput when exposed to 75, 300 and 600 mOsm (P<0.05). In conclusion, a single step exposure to hypertonic solution of greater than 600 mOsm prior to return to isotonic condition can cause severe damage to sperm membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to non-returning (exposure to various osmolality but not returned to isotonic condition). Changes in osmolality impacted mostly on sperm motility. Spermatozoa from cauda epididymis were more susceptible to osmotic stress compared to those from corpus and caput indicating that the maturation changes in the sperm membrane during passage through the epididymis increase susceptibility to the osmotic changes that may occur during sperm cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panisara Kunkitti
- Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Kaywalee Chatdarong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Junpen Suwimonteerabutr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Teerawut Nedumpun
- Inter-department of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Anders Johannisson
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofi Bergqvist
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ylva Sjunnesson
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Axnér
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
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