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Epenetos AA, Ceriani R, Peterson J, Cagnoni P, Nieto Y, Jones R. Phoenix- A humanised 90Y-conjugated monoclonal antibody for the treatment of relapsed breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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102
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Lagiou P, Samoli E, Lagiou A, Tzonou A, Kalandidi A, Peterson J, Dwyer J, Trichopoulos D. Intake of specific flavonoid classes and coronary heart disease—a case–control study in Greece. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:1643-8. [PMID: 15226759 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary intake of flavonoids has been reported to protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but associations of specific classes of flavonoids with CHD have not been adequately studied. DESIGN Hospital-based case-control study relying on interviewer administered questionnaires. SETTING Cardiology Department of the University of Athens Medical School in the Hippokrateion General Hospital (1990-1991). SUBJECTS Cases were 329 patients with electrocardiographically confirmed first coronary infarct or a first positive coronary arteriogram, or both (participation fraction 93%). Controls were 570 patients admitted to the same hospital for minor conditions unrelated to nutrition (participation fraction 95%). All cases and controls were interviewed in the hospital wards by experienced interviewers, and a 110-item food frequency questionnaire was administered. RESULTS There was statistically significant evidence (P approximately 0.03) for an inverse association between intake of flavan-3-ols and CHD risk, an increase of about 21 mg per day corresponding to a 24% decrease in CHD risk. The inverse association between flavan-3-ols and CHD risk was largely accounted for by the intake of wine and to a lesser extent tea. For none of the other flavonoid classes was there statistically significant evidence of an association. CONCLUSION Flavan-3-ols, which are largely found in wine and tea, are inversely associated with, and may be protective against, coronary heart disease.
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Peterson J, Dwyer J, Jacques P, Rand W, Prior R, Chui K. Tea variety and brewing techniques influence flavonoid content of black tea. J Food Compost Anal 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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104
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Dani JA, De Biasi M, Liang Y, Peterson J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Zhou FM. Potential applications of nicotinic ligands in the laboratory and clinic. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1837-9. [PMID: 15050611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a receptor, ion channel complex composed of five polypeptide subunits. There are many different nAChR subtypes constructed from a variety of different subunit combinations. This structural diversity contributes to the varied roles of nAChRs in the peripheral and central nervous system, and this diversity offers an excellent opportunity for chemists who are producing ligands. Subunit specific ligands could have wide and varied effects in the laboratory as experimental tools and in the clinic as therapeutic agents. Because presynaptic nAChRs have been shown to enhance the release of many neurotransmitters, new nicotinic ligands that potentiate nAChR activity would be very useful. Such ligands could enhance the release of various neurotransmitters during degenerative diseases that cause neurotransmitter systems to decrease their output. For example, boosting the release from cholinergic neurons would help patients with Alzheimer's disease, and boosting the release from dopaminergic neurons would help patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Lee R, Peterson J, Wells D. 52GREATER PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN CLONED CATTLE FETUSES FROM ONE CELL
LINE THAN CONTEMPORARY HALF-SIBS GENERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OR IN
VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv16n1ab52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cloning of cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) is associated with considerable variation in developmental abnormalities. Some of this variation may be due to the cell types/lines used and the specific production and culture methods for NT embryos. Fetal and placental development were studied in 24 pregnancies generated by NT (Wells et al., 2003 Theriogenology 59, 45–59) from a granulosa cell line. The controls consisted of 11 and 14 pregnancies resulting from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) and artificial insemination (AI), respectively. All fetuses shared the same Friesian sire; oocytes for the derivation of NT or IVP embryos were obtained from abattoir-derived ovaries of Friesian cows. Morphometric measurements were made on the fetuses, fetal membranes, fluid volumes and placentomes at Days 50, 100 and 150 of gestation after slaughter. Pairwise comparisons of within group variances between the treatment groups were made using the F-test. The pregnancy loss from AI or embryo transfer to Day 150 was ∼40% for the AI and IVP groups. However, 60% of NT embryos transferred had been lost by Day 150. NT fetal weights at Day 100 were more variable than for the AI (P<0.001) and IVP (P<0.05) groups. The NT crown-rump lengths were also more variable compared with the IVP (P<0.05) but not the AI group. At Day 100, NT heart (P<0.01), kidney (P<0.01) and liver (P<0.05) weights were more variable compared with the AI group; both liver (P<0.05) and kidney (P<0.01) weights were similarly more variable in the Day 150 NT group. Part of this variability may be due to disproportionate organ growth in NT fetuses. Increased variability was most evident in the utero-placental tissues. At Day 50, the total fetal membrane weights were more variable in the NT compared with the AI (P<0.001) but not the IVP group. The Day 50 IVP membrane weights were also more variable (P<0.05) than for the AI group. The greater variability of the Day 150 NT membrane weights, when compared with AI (P<0.05) or IVP (P<0.01), could be due partly to greater variation in the allantoic and amniotic fluid volumes. Placentome numbers were significantly lower in the surviving Day 100 NT pregnancies but the weights of the total maternal caruncular tissue of the placentomes were significantly higher and more variable in the NT group (P<0.05 for both AI and IVP). Placentome numbers in surviving NT pregnancies at Day 150 were similar to the controls. However, the total caruncle weights in both the NT and IVP groups were more variable when compared with the AI group (P<0.05 for both). Thus, there is greater variability in fetal membrane and placental development in NT and, to a certain extent, IVP fetuses, when compared with the AI group. The increased variability within this NT group suggests that epigenetic effects arising from incomplete reprogramming of the donor genome and embryo culture can override genetic traits to a certain extent. Supported by FRST C10X0018.
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106
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Shea B, Wells G, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Griffith L, Hamel C, Ortiz Z, Peterson J, Adachi J, Tugwell P, Guyatt G. Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD004526. [PMID: 14974070 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004526.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although calcium is one the simplest and least expensive strategies for preventing osteoporotic fractures calcium supplementation is nevertheless not without controversy (Kanis 1989; Nordin 1990). The Food and Drug Administration in the US has permitted a bone health claim for calcium-rich foods, and the NIH in its Consensus Development Process approved a statement that high calcium intake reduces the risk of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched Cochrane Controlled Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 2001, and examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials that randomized postmenopausal women to calcium supplementation or usual calcium intake in the diet and reported bone mineral density of the total body, vertebral spine, hip, or forearm or recorded the number of fractures, and followed patients for at least one year were considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three independent reviewers assessed the methodologic quality and extracted data for each trial. For each bone density site (lumbar spine, total body, combined hip and combined forearm), we calculated the weighted mean difference in bone density between treatment and control groups using the percentage change from baseline. We constructed regression models in which the independent variables were year and dose, and the dependent variable was the effect size. This regression was used to determine the years across which pooling was appropriate. Heterogeneity was assessed. For each fracture analysis we calculated a risk ratio. MAIN RESULTS Fifteen trials, representing 1806 participants, were included. Calcium was more effective than placebo in reducing rates of bone loss after two or more years of treatment. The pooled difference in percentage change from baseline was 2.05% (95% CI 0.24 to 3.86) for total body bone density, 1.66% (95% CI 0.92 to 2.39) for the lumbar spine at 2 years, 1.60% (95% CI 0.78 to 2.41) for the hip, and 1.91% (95% CI 0.33 to 3.50) for the distal radius. The relative risk of fractures of the vertebrae was 0.79 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.09); the relative risk for non-vertebral fractures was 0.86 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.72). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Calcium supplementation alone has a small positive effect on bone density. The data show a trend toward reduction in vertebral fractures, but it is unclear if calcium reduces the incidence of non vertebral fractures.
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Xiong X, Allinson G, Stagnitti F, Murray F, Wang X, Liang R, Peterson J. Effects of simultaneous exposure to atmospheric sulfur dioxide and heavy metals on the yield and metal content of soybean grain (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2003; 71:1005-10. [PMID: 14705662 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-8996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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108
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Peterson J, Lagiou P, Samoli E, Lagiou A, Katsouyanni K, La Vecchia C, Dwyer J, Trichopoulos D. Flavonoid intake and breast cancer risk: a case--control study in Greece. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:1255-9. [PMID: 14520456 PMCID: PMC2394299 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Revised: 07/23/2003] [Accepted: 07/25/2003] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been investigated for possible inverse associations with various chronic degenerative diseases, but there are no epidemiologic data concerning a possible association between several of the main flavonoid categories and breast cancer risk. We have applied recently published data on the flavonoid content of several foods and beverages on dietary information collected in the context of a large case-control study of 820 women with breast cancer and 1548 control women, conducted in Greece. We found a strong, statistically significant inverse association of flavone intake with breast cancer. The odds ratio for an increment equal to one standard deviation of daily flavone intake (i.e. 0.5 mg day(-1)) was 0.87, with 95% confidence interval 0.77-0.97. The association persisted after controlling for fruit and vegetable consumption, or for other flavonoid intake. This inverse association is compatible with and may explain the reported inverse association of breast cancer with consumption of vegetables, particularly leafy vegetables. After controlling for dietary confounding, there was no association of breast cancer risk with flavanones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, anthocyanidins or isoflavones.
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109
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Nelson KE, Weinel C, Paulsen IT, Dodson RJ, Hilbert H, Martins dos Santos VAP, Fouts DE, Gill SR, Pop M, Holmes M, Brinkac L, Beanan M, DeBoy RT, Daugherty S, Kolonay J, Madupu R, Nelson W, White O, Peterson J, Khouri H, Hance I, Lee PC, Holtzapple E, Scanlan D, Tran K, Moazzez A, Utterback T, Rizzo M, Lee K, Kosack D, Moestl D, Wedler H, Lauber J, Stjepandic D, Hoheisel J, Straetz M, Heim S, Kiewitz C, Eisen JA, Timmis KN, Dusterhoft A, Tummler B, Fraser CM. Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the metabolically versatile Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Environ Microbiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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110
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Dumasia MC, Ginn A, Hyde W, Peterson J, Houghton E. Detection and identification of carprofen and its in vivo metabolites in greyhound urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 788:297-307. [PMID: 12705970 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rimadyl (carprofen) was administered orally to the racing greyhound at a dose of 2.2 mg kg(-1). Following both alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis, postadministration urine samples were extracted by mixed mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges to identify target analyte(s) for forensic screening and confirmatory analysis methods. The acidic isolates were derivatised as trimethylsilyl ethers (TMS) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Carprofen and five phase I metabolites were identified. Positive ion electron ionisation (EI(+)) mass spectra of the TMS derivatives of carprofen and its metabolites show a diagnostic base peak at M(+)*. -117 corresponding to the loss of COO-Si-(CH(3))(3) group as a radical. GC-MS with positive ion ammonia chemical ionisation (CI(+)) of the compounds provided both derivatised molecular mass and some structural information. Deutromethylation-TMS derivatisation was used to distinguish between aromatic and aliphatic oxidations of carprofen. The drug is rapidly absorbed, extensively metabolised and excreted as phase II conjugates in urine. Carprofen, three aromatic hydroxy and a minor N-hydroxy metabolite were detected for up to 48 h. For samples collected between 2 and 8 h after administration, the concentration of total carprofen ranged between 200 and 490 ng ml(-1). The major metabolite, alpha-hydroxycarprofen was detected for over 72 h and therefore can also be used as a marker for the forensic screening of carprofen in greyhound urine.
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111
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Xiong X, Allinson G, Stagnitti F, Peterson J. Metal contamination of soils in the Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2003; 70:935-941. [PMID: 12719818 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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112
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Read TD, Myers GSA, Brunham RC, Nelson WC, Paulsen IT, Heidelberg J, Holtzapple E, Khouri H, Federova NB, Carty HA, Umayam LA, Haft DH, Peterson J, Beanan MJ, White O, Salzberg SL, Hsia RC, McClarty G, Rank RG, Bavoil PM, Fraser CM. Genome sequence of Chlamydophila caviae (Chlamydia psittaci GPIC): examining the role of niche-specific genes in the evolution of the Chlamydiaceae. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:2134-47. [PMID: 12682364 PMCID: PMC153749 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Chlamydophila caviae (formerly Chlamydia psittaci, GPIC isolate) (1 173 390 nt with a plasmid of 7966 nt) was determined, representing the fourth species with a complete genome sequence from the Chlamydiaceae family of obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens. Of 1009 annotated genes, 798 were conserved in all three other completed Chlamydiaceae genomes. The C.caviae genome contains 68 genes that lack orthologs in any other completed chlamydial genomes, including tryptophan and thiamine biosynthesis determinants and a ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase, the product of the prsA gene. Notable amongst these was a novel member of the virulence-associated invasin/intimin family (IIF) of Gram-negative bacteria. Intriguingly, two authentic frameshift mutations in the ORF indicate that this gene is not functional. Many of the unique genes are found in the replication termination region (RTR or plasticity zone), an area of frequent symmetrical inversion events around the replication terminus shown to be a hotspot for genome variation in previous genome sequencing studies. In C.caviae, the RTR includes several loci of particular interest including a large toxin gene and evidence of ancestral insertion(s) of a bacteriophage. This toxin gene, not present in Chlamydia pneumoniae, is a member of the YopT effector family of type III-secreted cysteine proteases. One gene cluster (guaBA-add) in the RTR is much more similar to orthologs in Chlamydia muridarum than those in the phylogenetically closest species C.pneumoniae, suggesting the possibility of horizontal transfer of genes between the rodent-associated Chlamydiae. With most genes observed in the other chlamydial genomes represented, C.caviae provides a good model for the Chlamydiaceae and a point of comparison against the human atherosclerosis-associated C.pneumoniae. This crucial addition to the set of completed Chlamydiaceae genome sequences is enabling dissection of the roles played by niche-specific genes in these important bacterial pathogens.
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113
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Van der Heyden MA, Roeleveld L, Reneman S, Peterson J, Destrée OH. Regulated expression of the X. tropicalis connexin43 promoter. CELL COMMUNICATION & ADHESION 2003; 8:293-8. [PMID: 12064605 DOI: 10.3109/15419060109080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal expression pattern of the connexin43 gene during Xenopus development has been described (Van der Heyden et al. 2001). To further investigate the regulation and function of connexin43 (Cx43) in amphibians, we have isolated the gene from Xenopus tropicalis (Xt) and determined its structure. The X. tropicalis Cx43 gene displays the typical two exon-one intron connexin configuration, where the first exon is non-coding. The predicted amino acid sequence of the XtCx43 protein is highly homologous to that of X. laevis, chicken and mammals. Expression of XtCx43 cDNA in N2A cells results in gap-junction plaque formation. Promoter activity of a 3.5 kb upstream region of the X. tropicalis Cx43 gene, including exon 1, mimics endogenous timing of expression after injection of reporter constructs in X. laevis embryos.
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114
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Shea B, Wells G, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Griffith L, Hamel C, Ortiz Z, Peterson J, Adachi J, Tugwell P, Guyatt G. Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003:CD004526. [PMID: 14584022 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although calcium is one the simplest and least expensive strategies for preventing osteoporotic fractures calcium supplementation is nevertheless not without controversy (Kanis 1989; Nordin 1990). The Food and Drug Administration in the US has permitted a bone health claim for calcium-rich foods, and the NIH in its Consensus Development Process approved a statement that high calcium intake reduces the risk of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched Cochrane Controlled Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 2001, and examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials that randomized postmenopausal women to calcium supplementation or usual calcium intake in the diet and reported bone mineral density of the total body, vertebral spine, hip, or forearm or recorded the number of fractures, and followed patients for at least one year were considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three independent reviewers assessed the methodologic quality and extracted data for each trial. For each bone density site (lumbar spine, total body, combined hip and combined forearm), we calculated the weighted mean difference in bone density between treatment and control groups using the percentage change from baseline. We constructed regression models in which the independent variables were year and dose, and the dependent variable was the effect size. This regression was used to determine the years across which pooling was appropriate. Heterogeneity was assessed. For each fracture analysis we calculated a risk ratio. MAIN RESULTS Fifteen trials, representing 1806 participants, were included. Calcium was more effective than placebo in reducing rates of bone loss after two or more years of treatment. The pooled difference in percentage change from baseline was 2.05% (95% CI 0.24 to 3.86) for total body bone density, 1.66% (95% CI 0.92 to 2.39) for the lumbar spine at 2 years, 1.60% (95% CI 0.78 to 2.41) for the hip, and 1.91% (95% CI 0.33 to 3.50) for the distal radius. The relative risk of fractures of the vertebrae was 0.79 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.09); the relative risk for non-vertebral fractures was 0.86 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.72). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Calcium supplementation alone has a small positive effect on bone density. The data show a trend toward reduction in vertebral fractures, but it is unclear if calcium reduces the incidence of non vertebral fractures.
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115
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Nelson KE, Weinel C, Paulsen IT, Dodson RJ, Hilbert H, Martins dos Santos VAP, Fouts DE, Gill SR, Pop M, Holmes M, Brinkac L, Beanan M, DeBoy RT, Daugherty S, Kolonay J, Madupu R, Nelson W, White O, Peterson J, Khouri H, Hance I, Chris Lee P, Holtzapple E, Scanlan D, Tran K, Moazzez A, Utterback T, Rizzo M, Lee K, Kosack D, Moestl D, Wedler H, Lauber J, Stjepandic D, Hoheisel J, Straetz M, Heim S, Kiewitz C, Eisen JA, Timmis KN, Düsterhöft A, Tümmler B, Fraser CM. Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the metabolically versatile Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Environ Microbiol 2002; 4:799-808. [PMID: 12534463 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 982] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is a metabolically versatile saprophytic soil bacterium that has been certified as a biosafety host for the cloning of foreign genes. The bacterium also has considerable potential for biotechnological applications. Sequence analysis of the 6.18 Mb genome of strain KT2440 reveals diverse transport and metabolic systems. Although there is a high level of genome conservation with the pathogenic Pseudomonad Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85% of the predicted coding regions are shared), key virulence factors including exotoxin A and type III secretion systems are absent. Analysis of the genome gives insight into the non-pathogenic nature of P. putida and points to potential new applications in agriculture, biocatalysis, bioremediation and bioplastic production.
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116
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Fleischmann RD, Alland D, Eisen JA, Carpenter L, White O, Peterson J, DeBoy R, Dodson R, Gwinn M, Haft D, Hickey E, Kolonay JF, Nelson WC, Umayam LA, Ermolaeva M, Salzberg SL, Delcher A, Utterback T, Weidman J, Khouri H, Gill J, Mikula A, Bishai W, Jacobs WR, Venter JC, Fraser CM. Whole-genome comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical and laboratory strains. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:5479-90. [PMID: 12218036 PMCID: PMC135346 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.19.5479-5490.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence and immunity are poorly understood in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We sequenced the complete genome of the M. tuberculosis clinical strain CDC1551 and performed a whole-genome comparison with the laboratory strain H37Rv in order to identify polymorphic sequences with potential relevance to disease pathogenesis, immunity, and evolution. We found large-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in numerous genes. Polymorphic loci included a phospholipase C, a membrane lipoprotein, members of an adenylate cyclase gene family, and members of the PE/PPE gene family, some of which have been implicated in virulence or the host immune response. Several gene families, including the PE/PPE gene family, also had significantly higher synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution frequencies compared to the genome as a whole. We tested a large sample of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates for a subset of the large-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms and found widespread genetic variability at many of these loci. We performed phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis to investigate the evolutionary relationships among isolates and the origins of specific polymorphic loci. A number of these polymorphisms appear to have occurred multiple times as independent events, suggesting that these changes may be under selective pressure. Together, these results demonstrate that polymorphisms among M. tuberculosis strains are more extensive than initially anticipated, and genetic variation may have an important role in disease pathogenesis and immunity.
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117
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Schroedter A, Bischoff A, Oreskovic K, Knoeller J, Schoenfeld W, Peterson J. PLD-118: TOLERABILITY, SAFETY AND PHARMACOKINETICS AFTER MULTIPLE ORAL DOSING IN HEALTHY MALE VOLUNTEERS. Mycoses 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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118
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Widell A, Molnegren V, Pieksma F, Calmann M, Peterson J, Lee SR. Detection of hepatitis C core antigen in serum or plasma as a marker of hepatitis C viraemia in the serological window-phase. Transfus Med 2002; 12:107-13. [PMID: 11982963 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3148.2002.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis C core antigen (HCVcoreAg) in peripheral blood during serological window-phase was evaluated among healthy blood donors, commercially available hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion panels and in-house specimens from individuals undergoing seroconversion. Among 1964 low-risk blood donor samples, seven samples were initially reactive but only one was repeat reactive. Reactivity of this specimen was not confirmable by neutralization with specific anti-HCV core antibody, and the sample was negative for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The specificity of the HCVcoreAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 99.95%. In seven commercially available HCV seroconversion panels, HCVcoreAg appeared 23-46 days earlier than anti-HCV antibody by third generation assay. Additional testing with specimens from patients undergoing anti-HCV seroconversion indicated that HCVcoreAg becomes undetectable by the present test format soon after the onset of antibody. This test may be considered as an alternative to nucleic amplification techniques (NAT) for blood donor HCV screening. Additional development of technology for detecting HCVcoreAg may be useful for patient diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
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119
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Ebber A, Vaher M, Peterson J, Lopp M. Application of capillary zone electrophoresis to the separation and characterization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with an ethylenediamine core. J Chromatogr A 2002; 949:351-8. [PMID: 11999752 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Generations 0 through 5 of ethylenediamine-core poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were synthesized and capillary zone electrophoresis has been applied to the separation of different generations of synthesized dendrimers and for the characterization of individual generations.
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Kanai AJ, Pearce LL, Clemens PR, Birder LA, VanBibber MM, Choi SY, de Groat WC, Peterson J. Identification of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase in isolated cardiac mitochondria using electrochemical detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:14126-31. [PMID: 11717466 PMCID: PMC61179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.241380298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS), its cellular NOS isoform, and the effects of mitochondrially produced NO on bioenergetics have been controversial since mtNOS was first proposed in 1995. Here we functionally demonstrate the presence of a NOS in cardiac mitochondria. This was accomplished by direct porphyrinic microsensor measurement of Ca(2+)-dependent NO production in individual mitochondria isolated from wild-type mouse hearts. This NO production could be inhibited by NOS antagonists or protonophore collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The similarity of mtNOS to the neuronal isoform was deduced by the absence of NO production in the mitochondria of knockout mice for the neuronal, but not the endothelial or inducible, isoforms. The effects of mitochondrially produced NO on bioenergetics were studied in intact cardiomyocytes isolated from dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. mdx cardiomyocytes are also deficient in cellular endothelial NOS, but overexpress mtNOS, which allowed us to study the mitochondrial enzyme in intact cells free of its cytosolic counterpart. In these cardiomyocytes, which produce NO beat-to-beat, inhibition of mtNOS increased myocyte shortening by approximately one-fourth. Beat-to-beat NO production and altered shortening by NOS inhibition were not observed in wild-type cells. A plausible mechanism for the reversible NO inhibition of contractility in these cells involves the reaction of NO with cytochrome c oxidase. This suggests a modulatory role for NO in oxidative phosphorylation and, in turn, myocardial contractility.
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Abstract
Airway emergencies sometimes require techniques other than basic management methods. Advanced techniques are needed to manage laryngeal edema or fracture, upper-airway hemorrhage, or other injuries that make ventilation or intubation from above impossible. Placing various endotracheal devices and performing surgical techniques such as needle cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy can be done by physicians who have training and the necessary equipment. Surgical techniques can be performed with medical bag components, but commercial kits are available for those who are uncomfortable performing techniques using bag equipment.
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Tugwell P, Wells G, Peterson J, Welch V, Page J, Davison C, McGowan J, Ramroth D, Shea B. Do silicone breast implants cause rheumatologic disorders? A systematic review for a court-appointed national science panel. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:2477-84. [PMID: 11710703 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2477::aid-art427>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assist in evaluating expert testimony and scientific evidence presented in law suits brought against silicone breast implant manufacturers, a US District Court Order established a National Science Panel to assess whether existing studies provide scientific evidence of an association between silicone breast implants and systemic classic/accepted connective disease, atypical connective disease, and certain signs and symptoms identified by plaintiffs in the law suits. Local disorders potentially associated with these implants were not addressed in this review. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of published studies on the association between silicone breast implants and systemic connective tissue disorders. METHODS Data from relevant studies (human cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies with > or = 10 participants and appropriate controls) were identified through literature searches of Medline, Current Contents, HealthStar, Biological Abstracts, EMBase, Toxline, and Dissertation Abstracts. Two independent reviewers, using standard collection forms, extracted data from the included studies. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) in cohort studies and odds ratios (ORs) in case-control and cross-sectional studies were reported if provided; otherwise, unadjusted RRs and ORs were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-four studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified. No association was evident between breast implants and any established or atypical connective tissue disorder. There was discordance among studies in reports of arthralgias, lymphadenopathy, myalgias, sicca symptoms, skin changes, and stiffness. CONCLUSION The panel found no evidence to support expert testimony suggesting an association between silicone breast implants and connective diseases. Discordance for symptoms may reflect differences in symptoms included in various categories, the small number of cases, and the effect of having single subjects with > 1 symptom represented in analyses of each symptom reported. The process presented here is an early example of the use of independent scientific panels to help courts clarify scientific evidence in legal proceedings.
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Abstract
Airway emergencies are, fortunately, rare in sports medicine, but when they occur, they must be addressed quickly and effectively. Various techniques can be applied by a trained team physician to optimize oxygenation and ventilation for an acutely ill or injured athlete. Initial management of airway emergencies on the field can be guided using a simple algorithm. Basic maneuvers include methods to clear airways, place ventilation devices, and assist with breathing. More advanced techniques include placing various endotracheal tube devices and performing surgical techniques; these will be discussed in a subsequent article.
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Kamper M, Mahoney BD, Nelson S, Peterson J. Feasibility of paramedic treatment and referral of minor illnesses and injuries. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2001; 5:371-8. [PMID: 11642587 DOI: 10.1080/10903120190939535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 40% of Hennepin County Medical Center's (HCMC's) ambulance runs are for minor medical conditions as defined by billing criteria ["ALS minor," i.e., no advanced life support (ALS) procedures done in the field]. Current metropolitan guidelines mandate that all such patients must be transported to a hospital unless they refuse this service. It has been proposed that some patients with minor medical conditions could be better served by treatment in the field by paramedics and referred to a clinic or hospital for early follow-up care. It is proposed that this approach would save costs and improve paramedic availability for patients with more serious conditions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of implementing such a program by identifying high-volume, low-complexity groupings of cases. Such high-volume, low-complexity cases would serve as the topics for curriculum development for paramedic training in field treatment and referral. METHODS Data were obtained from ambulance run sheets and emergency department (ED) records for all patients transported by the HCMC ambulance service in 1996 who were covered by the Metropolitan Health Plan (MHP) and who were categorized for billing purposes as "ALS minor" transports. The data included demographic information, vital signs, presenting problem, diagnoses in the ED, and procedures, laboratory studies, or x-rays done in the ED. Patients were classified as "potentially treatable" in the field if they were treated and discharged from the ED without undergoing any procedures or diagnostic studies. Patients who required more extensive evaluation in the ED, or who were admitted, were classified as likely too "complex" to be treated at the scene and then referred for early follow-up. The data were analyzed to find the most common presenting problems and the numbers, characteristics, and dispositions of "potentially treatable" and "complex" patients in each group. This information was used to determine what, if any, types of patients could potentially be treated safely and effectively according to this scheme. RESULTS The study group comprised 1,103 patients, representing 127 different presenting medical problems. There were 523 (47%) "potentially treatable" patients and 580 (53%) "complex" patients. The 127 medical problems were grouped and the 15 most common presenting problem groups were identified. Within these groups there was no single medical problem with high volume. Each of these 15 most common problem groups contained a substantial proportion of "complex" patients, ranging from 24% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS None of the 15 most frequently encountered problem groups consisted of a high enough proportion of "potentially treatable" cases to serve as a high-volume, low-complexity category for paramedic treatment in the field with early follow-up. Without any identified high-volume, low-complexity categories, a treatment and referral program as proposed in this article would require a substantial investment in development of appropriate criteria and in training paramedics to apply the criteria for numerous clinical entities. This would limit any cost saving, and require great care to avoid compromising patient safety accompanied by substantial professional liability exposure.
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van der Heyden MA, Roeleveld L, Peterson J, Destrée OH. Connexin43 expression during Xenopus development. Mech Dev 2001; 108:217-20. [PMID: 11578879 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal expression of connexin43 in Xenopus laevis embryos was studied by in situ hybridization. Cx43 expression is first detected at stage 25 in the developing eye. In stage 32, expression was found in the margin of the lens placode, the cement gland, notochord, and in stage 37 in the branchial arches. Early limb buds show strong expression of Cx43 distally while later on expression is confined to sites of precartilage condensation.
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