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Woo J. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DIET AND NUTRITION: IMPACT ON AGE-RELATED DISEASES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ho S, Woo J, Sham A. CHANGE OF FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN COMMUNITY LIVING CHINESE ELDERLY WITH FRACTURES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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103
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Maggi S, Bales C, Woo J. KEYNOTE: DIETARY DETERMINANTS OF LIFELONG HEALTH. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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104
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Woo J, Chan R, Leung J, Shikany J. DIETARY PATTERNS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER MEN IN HONG KONG AND THE U.S. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Auyeung T, Lee J, Leung J, Tang N, Yu R, Kwok T, Woo J. PARADOXICAL ADVERSE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIGH VITAMIN D LEVEL AND MUSCLE STRENGTH. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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106
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Chau A, Fang Y, Wong A, Yu R, Woo J. SOCIAL CONNECTIONS MEDIATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FRAILTY AND MEANING IN LIFE FOR OLDER PEOPLE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quan J, Li TK, Pang H, Choi CH, Siu SC, Tang SY, Wat NMS, Woo J, Johnston JM, Leung GM. Diabetes incidence and prevalence in Hong Kong, China during 2006-2014. Diabet Med 2017; 34:902-908. [PMID: 27859570 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate recent secular changes in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among Hong Kong Chinese adults, and thus show possible future trends for developing mainland China. METHODS Based on a complete census of the public sector health records of 6.4 million people from 2006 to 2014, diabetes cases were ascertained using different methods including the World Health Organization (WHO) 2011 guidelines (HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance test), American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2015 guidelines (plus random plasma glucose), and additionally recorded diagnosis codes and medication dispensation. Pre-diabetes was defined using ADA 2015 guidelines. RESULTS We identified 697 201 people with diabetes (54.2% were incident cases); and 1 229 731 people with diabetes or pre-diabetes. In 2014, the overall incidence of diabetes was 9.46 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.38 to 9.54], and overall prevalence was 10.29% (95% CI: 10.27% to 10.32%). Incidence of diabetes decreased significantly from 2007 to 2014 (quadratic trend, P < 0.001). From 2006 to 2014, the prevalence of diabetes increased significantly in both sexes and across all age groups (quadratic trend, P < 0.001). The overall incidence of pre-diabetes in 2014 was 18.88 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 18.76 to 18.99), and the overall prevalence of pre-diabetes was 8.90% (95% CI: 8.87% to 8.92%). CONCLUSIONS Similar to other developed western and Asian populations, diabetes (and pre-diabetes) incidence in Hong Kong Chinese appeared to have stabilized and there have been small declines during the period of observation. Ageing and survivorship will likely drive a continued increase in the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes, albeit with a decelerating growth rate if past trends persist.
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Yu R, Wu W, Leung J, Hu S, Woo J. PREVALENCE OF FRAILTY IN CHINESE OLDER PEOPLE: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lee TM, Chan FH, Chu LW, Kwok TC, Lam LC, Tam HM, Woo J. Auditory-based cognitive training programme for attention and memory in older people at risk of progressive cognitive decline: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23 Suppl 2:12-15. [PMID: 29938664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
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Shudo Y, Ha R, Reinhartz O, Woo J, Boyd J, Almond C, Rosenthal D, Chen S, Maeda K. Surgical Strategy to Support Right Ventricle with HVAD RVAD: Right Atrial vs Right Ventricular Diaphragmatic Surface Cannulation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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111
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Aymami M, Haddad F, Amsallem M, Marques M, Sallam K, Wheeler M, Adams J, Zeigler S, Woo J, Ha R, Banerjee D. External validation of right heart failure risk scores following LVAD implantation and evaluation of emerging echocardiographic indices. ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mellone M, Hanley CJ, Thirdborough S, Mellows T, Garcia E, Woo J, Tod J, Frampton S, Jenei V, Moutasim KA, Kabir TD, Brennan PA, Venturi G, Ford K, Herranz N, Lim KP, Clarke J, Lambert DW, Prime SS, Underwood TJ, Vijayanand P, Eliceiri KW, Woelk C, King EV, Gil J, Ottensmeier CH, Thomas GJ. Induction of fibroblast senescence generates a non-fibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype that differentially impacts on cancer prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 9:114-132. [PMID: 27992856 PMCID: PMC5310659 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) remain a poorly characterized, heterogeneous cell population. Here we characterized two previously described tumor-promoting CAF sub-types, smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive myofibroblasts and senescent fibroblasts, identifying a novel link between the two. Analysis of CAF cultured ex vivo, showed that senescent CAF are predominantly SMA-positive; this was confirmed by immunochemistry in head & neck (HNSCC) and esophageal (EAC) cancers. In vitro, we found that fibroblasts induced to senesce develop molecular, ultrastructural and contractile features typical of myofibroblasts and this is dependent on canonical TGF-β signaling. Similar to TGF-β1-generated myofibroblasts, these cells secrete soluble factors that promote tumor cell motility. However, RNA-sequencing revealed significant transcriptomic differences between the two SMA-positive CAF groups, particularly in genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and organization, which differentially promote tumor cell invasion. Notably, second harmonic generation imaging and bioinformatic analysis of SMA-positive human HNSCC and EAC showed that collagen fiber organization correlates with poor prognosis, indicating that heterogeneity within the SMA-positive CAF population differentially impacts on survival. These results show that non-fibrogenic, SMA-positive myofibroblasts can be directly generated through induction of fibroblast senescence and suggest that senescence and myofibroblast differentiation are closely linked processes.
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Wye D, Woo J, Mein B, Magotti R, Martin A, Benzie R. Transperineal use of a pocket-sized ultrasound machine vs conventional transvaginal ultrasound: a blinded comparison of cervical length in pregnancy. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 48:535-536. [PMID: 26776078 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Wood O, Woo J, Seumois G, Savelyeva N, McCann KJ, Singh D, Jones T, Peel L, Breen MS, Ward M, Martin EG, Sanchez-Elsner T, Thomas G, Vijayanand P, Woelk CH, King E, Ottensmeier C. Gene expression analysis of TIL rich HPV-driven head and neck tumors reveals a distinct B-cell signature when compared to HPV independent tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 7:56781-56797. [PMID: 27462861 PMCID: PMC5302866 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a better prognosis than it's HPV negative (HPV(-)) counterpart. This may be due to the higher numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HPV positive (HPV(+)) tumors. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to evaluate whether the differences in clinical behaviour simply reflect a numerical difference in TILs or whether there is a fundamental behavioural difference between TILs in these two settings. Thirty-nine HNSCC tumors were scored for TIL density by immunohistochemistry. After the removal of 16 TILlow tumors, RNA-Seq analysis was performed on 23 TILhigh/med tumors (HPV(+) n=10 and HPV(-) n=13). Using EdgeR, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Immune subset analysis was performed using Functional Analysis of Individual RNA-Seq/ Microarray Expression (FAIME) and immune gene RNA transcript count analysis. In total, 1,634 DEGs were identified, with a dominant immune signature observed in HPV(+) tumors. After normalizing the expression profiles to account for differences in B- and T-cell number, 437 significantly DEGs remained. A B-cell associated signature distinguished HPV(+) from HPV(-) tumors, and included the DEGs CD200, GGA2, ADAM28, STAG3, SPIB, VCAM1, BCL2 and ICOSLG; the immune signal relative to T-cells was qualitatively similar between TILs of both tumor cohorts. Our findings were validated and confirmed in two independent cohorts using TCGA data and tumor-infiltrating B-cells from additional HPV(+) HNSCC patients. A B-cell associated signal segregated tumors relative to HPV status. Our data suggests that the role of B-cells in the adaptive immune response to HPV(+) HNSCC requires re-assessment.
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Ottensmeier CH, Perry KL, Harden EL, Stasakova J, Jenei V, Fleming J, Wood O, Woo J, Woelk CH, Thomas GJ, Thirdborough SM. Upregulated Glucose Metabolism Correlates Inversely with CD8+ T-cell Infiltration and Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4136-48. [PMID: 27206847 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that block T-cell-regulatory checkpoints have recently emerged as a transformative approach to cancer treatment. However, the clinical efficacy of checkpoint blockade depends upon inherent tumor immunogenicity, with variation in infiltrating T cells contributing to differences in objective response rates. Here, we sought to understand the molecular correlates of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), using a systems biologic approach to integrate publicly available omics datasets with histopathologic features. We provide evidence that links TIL abundance and therapeutic outcome to the regulation of tumor glycolysis by EGFR and HIF, both of which are attractive molecular targets for use in combination with immunotherapeutics. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4136-48. ©2016 AACR.
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Ip WM, Woo J, Yue SY, Kwan M, Sum SMW, Kwok T, Hui SSC. Evaluation of the effect of energy conservation techniques in the performance of activity of daily living tasks. Clin Rehabil 2016; 20:254-61. [PMID: 16634345 DOI: 10.1191/0269215506cr908oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether energy conservation techniques during common activity of daily living tasks actually result in lower energy expenditure, and to document subjective comments regarding any differences in the perceived level of effort. Design: Descriptive study comparing energy expenditure in three tasks with and without energy conservation techniques, taking into account the effect of age. Setting: Occupational therapy department of a rehabilitation hospital in Hong Kong. Subjects: One hundred and eight subjects (30 < 60 years; 78 ≥ 60 years) were recruited from staff and members of an elderly social centre in the community. Measurements: Energy expenditure was measured using a portable indirect calorimetry system for three tasks (shopping, washing clothes and hanging laundry) with and without energy conservation techniques. Dyspnoea, fatigue and perceived exertion were measured using visual analogue scales. Results: Reduction in energy expenditure using energy conservation techniques for shopping and hanging laundry was documented in younger subjects only (O2 consumption fell from 13.89±3.7 to 12.29±3.8 mL/min per kg for shopping, P < 0.001 and 5.9±1.2 to 5.0±1.2 mL/min per kg, P < 0.001 for hanging laundry), although the older subjects experienced less perceived exertion with the energy conservation techniques. For washing clothes, no reduction in energy expenditure was observed in either age groups. Conclusion: Measurable benefits were observed with use of labour-saving equipment and avoidance of overhead reaching in younger subjects only.
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Ng SSM, Lai CWK, Tang MWS, Woo J. Cutaneous electrical stimulation to improve balance performance in patients with sub-acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22 Suppl 2:S33-S36. [PMID: 26908341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
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Ma HM, Ip M, Woo J. Effect of age and residential status on the predictive performance of CURB-65 score. Intern Med J 2015; 45:300-4. [PMID: 25534143 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CURB-65 score was designed to predict 30-day mortality and decide the site of care of pneumonia. It is uncertain how age and residential status affect the accuracy of CURB-65 score in older patients. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age and residential status on the performance of CURB-65 score in predicting 30-day all-cause mortality of pneumonia in older patients. METHODS We used combined data from two prospective observational cohorts of adult patients with pneumonia. Older patients aged ≥ 65 years were analysed. RESULTS Of 1644 patients, 1200 were living in the community and 464 residing in nursing homes. The 30-day mortality rates of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP) were 10.7% and 14.2% respectively. In each age group of CAP and NHAP, mortality increased with pneumonia severity. Mortality decreased with advancing age in NHAP, and the reverse was true for CAP. In NHAP but not CAP, the proportion of highly severe pneumonia (CURB-65 score ≥ 3) was lower in older patients. The overall predictive performance of CURB-65 score was comparable in CAP and NHAP. The accuracy deteriorated with advancing age in NHAP but not CAP. Using the cut-off score of ≥3 (highly severe pneumonia), the CURB-65 score achieved high negative predictive values (>90%) in CAP and NHAP. CONCLUSIONS Advancing age adversely affected the predictive performance of CURB-65 score in NHAP but not CAP. The score was not helpful in guiding the site of care at admission in older patients with pneumonia.
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Veronese N, Cereda E, Solmi M, Fowler SA, Manzato E, Maggi S, Manu P, Abe E, Hayashi K, Allard JP, Arendt BM, Beck A, Chan M, Audrey YJP, Lin WY, Hsu HS, Lin CC, Diekmann R, Kimyagarov S, Miller M, Cameron ID, Pitkälä KH, Lee J, Woo J, Nakamura K, Smiley D, Umpierrez G, Rondanelli M, Sund-Levander M, Valentini L, Schindler K, Törmä J, Volpato S, Zuliani G, Wong M, Lok K, Kane JM, Sergi G, Correll CU. Inverse relationship between body mass index and mortality in older nursing home residents: a meta-analysis of 19,538 elderly subjects. Obes Rev 2015; 16:1001-15. [PMID: 26252230 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) and mortality in old adults from the general population have been related in a U-shaped or J-shaped curve. However, limited information is available for elderly nursing home populations, particularly about specific cause of death. A systematic PubMed/EMBASE/CINAHL/SCOPUS search until 31 May 2014 without language restrictions was conducted. As no published study reported mortality in standard BMI groups (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, ≥30 kg/m(2)), the most adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) according to a pre-defined list of covariates were obtained from authors and pooled by random-effect model across each BMI category. Out of 342 hits, 20 studies including 19,538 older nursing home residents with 5,223 deaths during a median of 2 years of follow-up were meta-analysed. Compared with normal weight, all-cause mortality HRs were 1.41 (95% CI = 1.26-1.58) for underweight, 0.85 (95% CI = 0.73-0.99) for overweight and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.57-0.96) for obesity. Underweight was a risk factor for higher mortality caused by infections (HR = 1.65 [95% CI = 1.13-2.40]). RR results corroborated primary HR results, with additionally lower infection-related mortality in overweight and obese than in normal-weight individuals. Like in the general population, underweight is a risk factor for mortality in old nursing home residents. However, uniquely, not only overweight but also obesity is protective, which has relevant nutritional goal implications in this population/setting.
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Liu ZM, Ho SC, Chen YM, Tomlinson B, Ho S, To K, Woo J. Effect of whole soy and purified daidzein on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function--a 6-month double-blind, randomized controlled trial among Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1161-8. [PMID: 25782428 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Although observational studies suggest that soy foods or isoflavones are cardio-protective, clinical trials on whole soy or isoflavone daidzein (one major isoflavone and the precursor of equol) on blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function (EF) are few and have not been specifically conducted among equol producers, a population most likely to benefit from soy treatment. SUBJECTS/METHODS We performed a 6-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effect of whole soy (soy flour) or purified daidzein on BP and EF in prehypertensive or untreated hypertensive postmenopausal women verified to be equol producers. A total of 270 eligible women were recruited and randomized to either one of the three treatment groups, 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder+63 mg daidzein (daidzein group) or 40 g low-fat milk powder (active control group) daily, each given as a solid beverage powder for 6 months. The primary outcome measures were 24 h ambulatory BP (ABP) and EF assessed by flow-mediated dilation using brachial artery ultrasound. RESULTS A total of 253 subjects completed the study according to protocol. Urinary isoflavones indicated good compliance with the interventions. Intention to treat and per-protocol analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the 6-month changes or % changes in parameters of ABP and brachial flow-mediated dilation among the three treatment groups. A further subgroup analysis among hypertensive women (n=138) did not alter the conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Whole soy and purified daidzein had no significant effect on BP and vascular function among equol-producing postmenopausal women with prehypertension or untreated hypertension.
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Woo J, Alamgir H, Potter J. Removing Planned Parenthood from a family planning program in Texas: effects on injectable contraceptive users. Contraception 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wong VWS, Wong GLH, Chan HY, Yeung DKW, Chan RSM, Chim AML, Chan CKM, Tse YK, Woo J, Chu WCW, Chan HLY. Bacterial endotoxin and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population: a prospective cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015. [PMID: 26202818 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have increased intestinal permeability and small intestine bacterial overgrowth. AIMS To test the hypothesis that endotoxemia is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population, and to study dietary factors associated with endotoxemia. METHODS Nine hundred and twenty adults were randomly selected from the government's census database and underwent proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess hepatic steatosis. Endotoxemia was assessed using the limulus amebocyte lysate, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and EndoCab immunoglobulin G (IgG) assays. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-three (29%) subjects had NAFLD. Subjects with NAFLD had slightly higher LBP (P < 0.001) and EndoCab IgG (P = 0.013) levels. EndoCab IgG remained an independent factor associated with intrahepatic triglycerides after adjusting for other metabolic factors. Among 565 subjects without NAFLD at baseline who had repeated assessment at a median interval of 47 months, 78 (13.8%) developed incident NAFLD and they also had higher LBP (P = 0.016). Moreover, LBP was associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, and modestly increased with the cytokeratin-18 fragment level but not liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography. Although total energy consumption and individual macronutrients were not associated with endotoxemia, current drinkers (mostly <140 g/week) had lower endotoxin, EndoCab IgG and fetuin-A levels than nondrinkers. CONCLUSIONS Endotoxin markers are associated with NAFLD in the general population, but do not have a major effect on NASH and fibrosis. People with modest alcohol consumption have lower serum endotoxin. This may partly explain the lower risk of NAFLD and NASH in modest drinkers in previous observational studies.
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Yoon J, Woo J, Park J, Cho S, Lee E, Choi W, Park K, Lee H. SU-E-T-705: Skin Dosimetry Comparisons of CyberKnife and Tomotherapy for Head-And-Neck Stereotatic Body Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lee J, Son J, Sin H, Woo J, Hadi S, Suh K, Lee YM, Jang S, Jung JA. THU0185 Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Proof-of-mechanism of an Oral Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor HM71224 in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tacchella S, Carollo CM, Renzini A, Förster Schreiber NM, Lang P, Wuyts S, Cresci G, Dekel A, Genzel R, Lilly SJ, Mancini C, Newman S, Onodera M, Shapley A, Tacconi L, Woo J, Zamorani G. Galaxy evolution. Evidence for mature bulges and an inside-out quenching phase 3 billion years after the Big Bang. Science 2015; 348:314-7. [PMID: 25883353 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Most present-day galaxies with stellar masses ≥10(11) solar masses show no ongoing star formation and are dense spheroids. Ten billion years ago, similarly massive galaxies were typically forming stars at rates of hundreds solar masses per year. It is debated how star formation ceased, on which time scales, and how this "quenching" relates to the emergence of dense spheroids. We measured stellar mass and star-formation rate surface density distributions in star-forming galaxies at redshift 2.2 with ~1-kiloparsec resolution. We find that, in the most massive galaxies, star formation is quenched from the inside out, on time scales less than 1 billion years in the inner regions, up to a few billion years in the outer disks. These galaxies sustain high star-formation activity at large radii, while hosting fully grown and already quenched bulges in their cores.
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