Acute renal failure following snakebite

Eight patients with acute renal failure following snakebite were studied. Intravascular hemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation contributed to the development of acute renal failure in 6 patients. Direct nephrotoxicity causing acute renal failure is postulated in 2 patients, 1 of whom also revealed evidence of mild, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Three patients had histopathological lesions of acute symmetrical cortical necrosis and 3 had acute tubular necrosis. In 1 patient with acute tubular necrosis, in whom direct nephrotoxicity seemed to be responsible for renal failure, the striking histological feature was a uniform debasement and disappearance of tubular epithelium. In 2 patients with a clinical course of acute tubular necrosis, histological lesions could not be documented. All the 5 patients with acute tubular necrosis regained full recovery of renal function, 3 of them with the help of dialysis and 2 with conservative management. None of the 3 patients with acute cortical necrosis survived in spite of intermittent dialysis therapy.

Quantum yields of the primary photoaquation reactions of octacyanomolybdic-(IV) acid and octacyanotungstic(IV) acid

The quantum yield of the primary photoaquation reaction of octacyano- molybdio(1V) acid and octacyanotungstic(IV) acid has been determined by direct estimation of the two products of the reaction, viz., a CN- ion and a red heptacyano-aquo complex. The CN- ion was estimated polarographically, the red photoproduct spectrophotometrically. Both the methods gave the same value of the quantum yield, which was about 0.88 for the molybdenum and 0.78 for the tungsten system. Photolysis was done at O�C. This and the fact that acidic conditions were maintained during the photolysis sufficiently stabilized the red species to reveal, if the time of irradiation was not too long, an isosbestic point where only two species, the red complex and the M(CN)84- ion, were in equilibrium. The quantum yield was determined subject to the condition that the absorbance curve of the photolysed solution passed through the isosbestic point and secondary reactions had not yet set in.

Characterization and photolysis of octacyanomolybdic(IV) acid: isolation of a red photoproduct

pH and conductometric titration of aqueous octacyanomolybdic acid shows that it has 4 strong H+ ions per Mo(IV). Photolysis of an ice-cold solution of the acid gives a red anion, [Mo(CN)7H2O]3−, which has been isolated as a silver salt. When the corresponding (red) acid is titrated, 3 strong H+ ions are first neutralized and then one more equivalent of the base is consumed in a slow substitution reaction to give a yellow anion, [Mo(CN)7OH]4−.

Octacyanomolybdate(IV) ion, scavenger for hydroxyl radical

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Octacyanomolybdate(IV) ion, scavenger for hydroxyl radical

The oxidation of potassium octacyanomolybdate(IV) in 0.4 M sulfuric acid solutions (oxygenated) has been studied; G[Mo(CN)83−] was found to be 2.7, which is close to the G(OH) value of 2.9.