151
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Carreaux F, Pierre Bazureau J, Debdab M, Renault S, Eid S, Lozach O, Meijer L. An Efficient Method for the Preparation of New Analogs of Leucettamine B under Solvent-Free Microwave Irradiation. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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152
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Testard A, Picot L, Lozach O, Blairvacq M, Meijer L, Murillo L, Piot JM, Thiéry V, Besson T. Synthesis and evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of novel thiazoloquinazolinone kinases inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:557-68. [PMID: 16408791 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500212399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microwave-assisted synthesis of a family of 2,8-substituted thiazoloquinazolinones is described. The preliminary evaluation of the antiproliferative activity and the capacity of these molecules to inhibit CDKs and GSK-3 are reported. A lead compound was identified, constituting a scaffold from which more potent inhibitors could be designed.
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153
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Rochais C, Lescot E, Lisowski V, Lepailleur A, Santos JSDO, Bureau R, Dallemagne P, Meijer L, Rault S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thienopyrrolizines, a New Family of CDK/GSK-3 Inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 19:585-93. [PMID: 15662962 DOI: 10.1080/14756360400004565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen new thieno[2,3-b ]- and thieno[3,4-b]pyrrolizines were synthesized and tested against two protein kinases, CDK1/cyclin B and GSK-3. Among these compounds, 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-8H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-8-one 4g was identified as a moderate inhibitor of these kinases. Its molecular modeling study brought to the fore the pivotal role of the 2-methoxyphenol grouping and the interest in replacing it by bioisosteric moieties in future pharmacomodulations.
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154
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Lambert LA, Qiao N, Hunt KK, Lambert DH, Mills GB, Meijer L, Keyomarsi K. Autophagy: a novel mechanism of synergistic cytotoxicity between doxorubicin and roscovitine in a sarcoma model. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7966-74. [PMID: 18829554 PMCID: PMC2561224 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a genotoxic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Significant clinical side effects, including cardiac toxicity and myelosuppression, severely limit the therapeutic index of this commonly used agent and methods which improve doxorubicin efficacy could benefit many patients. Because doxorubicin cytotoxicity is cell cycle specific, the cell cycle is a rational target to enhance its efficacy. We examined the direct, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine as a means of enhancing doxorubicin cytotoxicity. This study showed synergistic cytotoxicity between doxorubicin and roscovitine in three sarcoma cell lines: SW-982 (synovial sarcoma), U2OS-LC3-GFP (osteosarcoma), and SK-LMS-1 (uterine leiomyosarcoma), but not the fibroblast cell line WI38. The combined treatment of doxorubicin and roscovitine was associated with a prolonged G(2)-M cell cycle arrest in the three sarcoma cell lines. Using three different methods for detecting apoptosis, our results revealed that apoptotic cell death did not account for the synergistic cytotoxicity between doxorubicin and roscovitine. However, morphologic changes observed by light microscopy and increased cytoplasmic LC3-GFP puncta in U20S-LC3-GFP cells after the combined treatment suggested the induction of autophagy. Induction of autophagy was also shown in SW-982 and SK-LMS-1 cells treated with both doxorubicin and roscovitine by acridine orange staining. These results suggest a novel role of autophagy in the enhanced cytotoxicity by cell cycle inhibition after genotoxic injury in tumor cells. Further investigation of this enhanced cytotoxicity as a treatment strategy for sarcomas is warranted.
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155
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Vougogiannopoulou K, Ferandin Y, Bettayeb K, Myrianthopoulos V, Lozach O, Fan Y, Johnson CH, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL, Mikros E, Meijer L. Soluble 3',6-substituted indirubins with enhanced selectivity toward glycogen synthase kinase -3 alter circadian period. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6421-31. [PMID: 18816110 DOI: 10.1021/jm800648y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase -3 (GSK-3) is a key enzyme involved in numerous physiological events and in major diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cardiac hypertrophy. Indirubins are bis-indoles that can be generated from various natural sources or chemically synthesized. While rather potent and selective as GSK-3 inhibitors, most indirubins exhibit low water solubility. To address the issue of solubility, we have designed novel analogues of 6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime with increased hydrophilicity based on the GSK-3/indirubins cocrystal structures. The new derivatives with an extended amino side chain attached at position 3' showed potent GSK-3 inhibitory activity, enhanced selectivity, and dramatically increased water solubility. Furthermore, some of them displayed little or no cytotoxicity. The new indirubins inhibit GSK-3 in a cellular reporter model. They alter the circadian period measured in rhythmically expressing cell cultures, suggesting that they might constitute tools to investigate circadian rhythm regulation.
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156
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Marminon C, Anizon F, Moreau P, Pfeiffer B, Pierré A, Golsteyn RM, Peixoto P, Hildebrand MP, David-Cordonnier MH, Lozach O, Meijer L, Prudhomme M. Rebeccamycin derivatives as dual DNA-damaging agents and potent checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1620-9. [PMID: 18768386 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.049346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rebeccamycin is an indolocarbazole class inhibitor of topoisomerase I. In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on rebeccamycin derivatives, we have synthesized analogs with the sugar moiety attached to either one or both indole nitrogens. Some analogs, especially those with substitutions at the 6' position of the carbohydrate moiety, exhibit potent inhibitory activity toward checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a kinase that has a major role in the G(2)/M checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Some of these compounds retained a genotoxic activity either through intercalation into the DNA and/or by topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage. We explored the structure-activity relationship between these compounds and their multiple targets. These rebeccamycin derivatives represent a novel class of potential antitumor agents that have a dual effect and might selectively induce the death of cancer cells.
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157
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Galons H, Meijer L, Oumata N, Bettayeb K. New cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents. Pharmacotherapy 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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158
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Bettayeb K, Sallam H, Ferandin Y, Popowycz F, Fournet G, Hassan M, Echalier A, Bernard P, Endicott J, Joseph B, Meijer L. N-&-N, a new class of cell death-inducing kinase inhibitors derived from the purine roscovitine. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2713-24. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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159
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Oumata N, Bettayeb K, Ferandin Y, Demange L, Lopez-Giral A, Goddard ML, Myrianthopoulos V, Mikros E, Flajolet M, Greengard P, Meijer L, Galons H. Roscovitine-derived, dual-specificity inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases and casein kinases 1. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5229-42. [PMID: 18698753 DOI: 10.1021/jm800109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and casein kinases 1 (CK1) are involved in the two key molecular features of Alzheimer's disease, production of amyloid-beta peptides (extracellular plaques) and hyper-phosphorylation of Tau (intracellular neurofibrillary tangles). A series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines, structurally related to the CDK inhibitor roscovitine, have been synthesized. They mainly differ by the substituent on the C-6 position. These compounds were screened for kinase inhibitory activities and antiproliferative effects. Several biaryl derivatives displayed potent inhibition of both CDKs and CK1. In particular, derivative 13a was a potent inhibitor of CDK1/cyclin B (IC 50: 220 nM), CDK5/p25 (IC 50: 80 nM), and CK1 (IC 50: 14 nM). Modeling of these molecules into the ATP-binding pocket of CK1delta provided a rationale for the increased selectivity toward this kinase. 13a was able to prevent the CK1-dependent production of amyloid-beta in a cell model. CDK/CK1 dual-specificity inhibitors may have important applications in Alzheimer's disease and cancers.
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160
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Logé C, Testard A, Thiéry V, Lozach O, Blairvacq M, Robert JM, Meijer L, Besson T. Novel 9-oxo-thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dual cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:1469-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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161
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Jacquemard U, Dias N, Lansiaux A, Bailly C, Logé C, Robert JM, Lozach O, Meijer L, Mérour JY, Routier S. Synthesis of 3,5-bis(2-indolyl)pyridine and 3-[(2-indolyl)-5-phenyl]pyridine derivatives as CDK inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4932-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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162
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Niu X, Dahse HM, Menzel KD, Lozach O, Walther G, Meijer L, Grabley S, Sattler I. Butyrolactone I derivatives from Aspergillus terreus carrying an unusual sulfate moiety. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:689-92. [PMID: 18271552 DOI: 10.1021/np070341r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In our ongoing search for new bioactive metabolites from microbial resources, Aspergillus terreus (HKI0499) was examined by chemical metabolite profiling. Together with the known butyrolactone I ( 3), the unusual sulfate derivatives butyrolactone I 3-sulfate ( 1) and butyrolactone I 4''-sulfate ( 2) were discovered. The chemical structures were determined by NMR and MS data analyses. All compounds were tested on CDK1/cyclin B, CDK5/p25, DYRK1A, CK1, and GSK-3alpha/beta kinases; compounds 2 and 3 were also evaluated for their cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities. Butyrolactone I 3-sulfate ( 1) exhibited specific inhibitory activity against CDK1/cyclin B and CDK5/p25, yet 15-30-fold less than butyrolactone I ( 3). Likewise, butyrolactone I 3-sulfate ( 1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity solely against HeLa cells (CC 50 = 80.7 microM).
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163
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Stukenbrock H, Mussmann R, Geese M, Ferandin Y, Lozach O, Lemcke T, Kegel S, Lomow A, Burk U, Dohrmann C, Meijer L, Austen M, Kunick C. 9-cyano-1-azapaullone (cazpaullone), a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor activating pancreatic beta cell protection and replication. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2196-207. [PMID: 18345612 DOI: 10.1021/jm701582f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) emerged as a regulator of pancreatic beta cell growth and survival. On the basis of the previous observation that GSK-3 inhibitors like 1-azakenpaullone promote beta cell protection and replication, paullone derivatives were synthesized including 1-aza-, 2-aza-, and 12-oxapaullone scaffolds. In enzymatic assays distinct 1-azapaullones were found to exhibit selective GSK-3 inhibitory activity. Within the series of 1-azapaullones, three derivatives stimulated INS-1E beta cell replication and protected INS-1E cells against glucolipotoxicity induced cell death. Cazpaullone (9-cyano-1-azapaullone), the most active compound in the protection assays, also stimulated the replication of primary beta cells in isolated rat islets. Furthermore, cazpaullone showed a pronounced transient stimulation of the mRNA expression of the beta cell transcription factor Pax4, an important regulator of beta cell development and growth. These features distinguish cazpaullone as a unique starting point for the development of beta cell regenerative agents which might be useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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164
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Echalier A, Bettayeb K, Ferandin Y, Lozach O, Clément M, Valette A, Liger F, Marquet B, Morris JC, Endicott JA, Joseph B, Meijer L. Meriolins (3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-7-azaindoles): synthesis, kinase inhibitory activity, cellular effects, and structure of a CDK2/cyclin A/meriolin complex. J Med Chem 2008; 51:737-51. [PMID: 18232649 DOI: 10.1021/jm700940h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biological characterization of 3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-7-azaindoles (meriolins), a chemical hybrid between the natural products meridianins and variolins, derived from marine organisms. Meriolins display potent inhibitory activities toward cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and, to a lesser extent, other kinases (GSK-3, DYRK1A). The crystal structures of 1e (meriolin 5) and variolin B (Bettayeb, K.; Tirado, O. M.; Marionneau-Lambert, S.; Ferandin, Y.; Lozach, O.; Morris, J.; Mateo-Lozano, S.; Drückes, P.; Schächtele, C.; Kubbutat, M.; Liger, F.; Marquet, B.; Joseph, B.; Echalier, A.; Endicott, J.; Notario, V.; Meijer, L. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 8325-8334) in complex with CDK2/cyclin A reveal that the two inhibitors are orientated in very different ways inside the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase. A structure-activity relationship provides further insight into the molecular mechanism of action of this family of kinase inhibitors. Meriolins are also potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic agents in cells cultured either as monolayers or in spheroids. Proapoptotic efficacy of meriolins correlates best with their CDK2 and CDK9 inhibitory activity. Meriolins thus constitute a promising class of pharmacological agents to be further evaluated against the numerous human diseases that imply abnormal regulation of CDKs including cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and polycystic kidney disease.
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165
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Olivier D, Poincelot MA, Douillard S, Lefevre C, Moureau J, Ferandin Y, Bettayeb K, Xiao Z, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis L, Meijer L, Patrice T. Photoreactivity of indirubin derivatives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:328-36. [DOI: 10.1039/b711261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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166
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Galons H, Demange L, Oumata N, Quinton J, Bouaziz S, Lozach O, Meijer L. Synthesis of 6-Pyridylaminopurines. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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167
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Bettayeb K, Tirado OM, Marionneau-Lambot S, Ferandin Y, Lozach O, Morris JC, Mateo-Lozano S, Drueckes P, Schächtele C, Kubbutat MHG, Liger F, Marquet B, Joseph B, Echalier A, Endicott JA, Notario V, Meijer L. Meriolins, a new class of cell death inducing kinase inhibitors with enhanced selectivity for cyclin-dependent kinases. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8325-34. [PMID: 17804748 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases represent promising anticancer drug targets. We describe here the meriolins, a new family of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Meriolins represent a chemical structural hybrid between meridianins and variolins, two families of kinase inhibitors extracted from various marine invertebrates. Variolin B is currently in preclinical evaluation as an antitumor agent. A selectivity study done on 32 kinases showed that, compared with variolin B, meriolins display enhanced specificity toward CDKs, with marked potency on CDK2 and CDK9. The structures of pCDK2/cyclin A/variolin B and pCDK2/cyclin A/meriolin 3 complexes reveal that the two inhibitors bind within the ATP binding site of the kinase, but in different orientations. Meriolins display better antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties in human tumor cell cultures than their parent molecules, meridianins and variolins. Phosphorylation at CDK1, CDK4, and CDK9 sites on, respectively, protein phosphatase 1alpha, retinoblastoma protein, and RNA polymerase II is inhibited in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to meriolins. Apoptosis triggered by meriolins is accompanied by rapid Mcl-1 down-regulation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases. Meriolin 3 potently inhibits tumor growth in two mouse xenograft cancer models, namely, Ewing's sarcoma and LS174T colorectal carcinoma. Meriolins thus constitute a new CDK inhibitory scaffold, with promising antitumor activity, derived from molecules initially isolated from marine organisms.
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168
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Meijer L, van Berlo C, Nijhuis P. 2076 POSTER In early breast cancer, obesity is no contraindication for sentinel lymph node biopsy under local anaesthesia without sedation. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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169
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Myrianthopoulos V, Magiatis P, Ferandin Y, Skaltsounis AL, Meijer L, Mikros E. An Integrated Computational Approach to the Phenomenon of Potent and Selective Inhibition of Aurora Kinases B and C by a Series of 7-Substituted Indirubins. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4027-37. [PMID: 17665890 DOI: 10.1021/jm070077z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A variation of the bromine substitution from 6- to 7-position converts the glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha/beta-(GSK-3-alpha/beta) selective inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (6BIO) to a potent inhibitor of Aurora B and C kinases. The novel indirubin analogue 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (7BIO) demonstrated unexpected selectivity against these two kinases since the homologous kinase Aurora A was poorly inhibited. A hypothesis regarding the 7BIO selectivity profile was stated and validated by docking, molecular dynamics, and free energy perturbation calculations. The residue (Thr217AurA, Glu161AurB, Glu127AurC) located in the active site was identified as a major contributor to the enhanced affinity of 7BIO for Aurora B and C versus Aurora A. Furthermore, the docking events of 7BIO and several of its analogues were approached by quantitative models based on semiempirical scoring functions. In the course of model construction and optimization, a number of important factors influencing the quality of each model like the application of force constraints or the sampling method were determined. Among these factors, the presence and treatment of structurally important water molecules had a pronounced impact on the quality of each model. The final model was validated by use of free energy perturbation calculations.
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170
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Blondel M, Meijer L. Editorial: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) in the central nervous system. Biotechnol J 2007; 2:914-5. [PMID: 17680714 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200790085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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171
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Corbel B, Michaud F, Meijer L, Simon G, Couthon-Gourves H, Haelters JP, Kervarec N. Towards the syntheses ofN-H andN-alkylated derivatives of meridianins. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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172
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Joucla L, Popowycz F, Lozach O, Meijer L, Joseph B. Access to Paullone Analogues by IntramolecularHeck Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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173
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Reinhardt J, Ferandin Y, Meijer L. Purification of CK1 by affinity chromatography on immobilised axin. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 54:101-9. [PMID: 17434749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) family are implicated in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes like development and circadian rhythm, as well as in diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's disease. From that perspective, CK1 family members are interesting targets for potential chemotherapy. We describe here a rapid and efficient method for the purification of CK1 by affinity chromatography on an immobilised fragment of axin. Axin is a scaffolding protein that interacts with a multitude of proteins, amongst them APC, GSK-3, beta-catenin, CK1alpha, delta, and epsilon, and PP2A. A GST-tagged axin peptide (residues 495-684) was produced in Escherichia coli and either immobilised on glutathione agarose beads or purified and immobilised on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B. These "GST-axin" matrices were found to selectively bind native CK1alpha and CK1epsilon from porcine brain. The affinity-purified enzymes displayed high kinase activity. This single step purification method provides a convenient tool to efficiently purify large amounts of active native CK1 for screening purposes. This single step purification method also provides a convenient tool to follow the status of the axin-binding CK1 isoforms alpha, delta, and epsilon (protein levels, composition of isoforms, kinase activity) under different physiological settings.
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174
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Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) are prime targets for drug discovery in a variety of diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative pathologies. The characterisation of the kinome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has revealed profound divergences, at several levels, between PKs of the parasite and those of its host. Here, the authors review the major issues and recent advances regarding the development of Plasmodium-selective PK inhibitors, with emphasis on target identification and validation, and on structure-based design. The authors also discuss the possibility of interfering with: i) Plasmodium PKs regulating transmission to the mosquito vector; and ii) host PKs that may be required for parasite survival.
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175
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Kitani K, Oguma S, Nishiki TI, Ohmori I, Galons H, Matsui H, Meijer L, Tomizawa K. A Cdk5 Inhibitor Enhances the Induction of Insulin Secretion by Exendin-4 Both in Vitro and in Vivo. J Physiol Sci 2007; 57:235-9. [PMID: 17854513 DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp006607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Exendin-4 (Ex4) is a peptide found in the lizard Heloderma suspectum, and it has a high similarity to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It induces insulin secretion without the risk of hypoglycemic episodes. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase that is predominantly expressed in neurons. Recent studies have shown that this kinase regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Cdk5 inhibition enhances insulin secretion under conditions of stimulation by high glucose, but not low glucose. In the present study, we examined whether R-roscovitine (R-ros), a Cdk5 inhibitor, enhances insulin secretion induced by Ex4. R-ros induced Ex4-dependent insulin secretion under conditions of high glucose, but not low glucose in MIN6B1 cells. The enhancement by R-ros was also observed in db/db mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, long-term treatment with Ex4 and R-ros significantly improved HbA1c compared with treatment using only Ex4. These results suggest that a co-application of R-ros and Ex4 may become a promising therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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