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Abstract
UNLABELLED Airflow fluctuation is an important factor affecting indoor thermal environments and human thermal response. In this study, dynamic airflows with different fluctuation characteristics were generated by a dynamic air supply terminal. The influence of three different kinds of airflows, constant airflow, simulated natural airflow and sinusoidal airflow, on thermal comfort was studied. Subjective experiments indicated that a dynamic airflow can cause a stronger cold sensation, and that air movement with 1/f fluctuations similar to natural wind is more acceptable than other dynamic airflows in warm environments. Moreover, the impact of draughts in dynamic airflows on human thermal response is different in neutral-warm (30 degrees C) and cool-neutral (26 degrees C) thermal environments. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS By means of a dynamic air supply terminal it is possible to generate artificial airflows that simulate natural wind indoors. This kind of airflow with higher velocity is more comfortable and causes less draught sensation than the constant airflows supplied by conventional fans. While the cooling effect of this airflow is utilized in the built environment, the design temperature of air-conditioning system can be increased and the amount of energy consumption can be reduced dramatically.
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Abelev BI, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Amonett J, Anderson BD, Anderson M, Arkhipkin D, Averichev GS, Bai Y, Balewski J, Barannikova O, Barnby LS, Baudot J, Bekele S, Belaga VV, Bellingeri-Laurikainen A, Bellwied R, Benedosso F, Bhardwaj S, Bhasin A, Bhati AK, Bichsel H, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Blyth SL, Bonner BE, Botje M, Bouchet J, Brandin AV, Bravar A, Burton TP, Bystersky M, Cadman RV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Castillo J, Catu O, Cebra D, Chajecki Z, Chaloupka P, Chattopadhyay S, Chen HF, Chen JH, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chikanian A, Christie W, Coffin JP, Cormier TM, Cosentino MR, Cramer JG, Crawford HJ, Das D, Das S, Dash S, Daugherity M, de Moura MM, Dedovich TG, DePhillips M, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dietel T, Djawotho P, Dogra SM, Dong WJ, Dong X, Draper JE, Du F, Dunin VB, Dunlop JC, Dutta Mazumdar MR, Eckardt V, Edwards WR, Efimov LG, Emelianov V, Engelage J, Eppley G, Erazmus B, Estienne M, Fachini P, Fatemi R, Fedorisin J, Filimonov K, Filip P, Finch E, Fine V, Fisyak Y, Fu J, Gagliardi CA, Gaillard L, Ganti MS, Gaudichet L, Ghazikhanian V, Ghosh P, Gonzalez JE, Gorbunov YG, Gos H, Grebenyuk O, Grosnick D, Guertin SM, Guimaraes KSFF, Gupta N, Gutierrez TD, Haag B, Hallman TJ, Hamed A, Harris JW, He W, Heinz M, Henry TW, Hepplemann S, Hippolyte B, Hirsch A, Hjort E, Hoffman AM, Hoffmann GW, Horner MJ, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Hughes EW, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Jacobs P, Jacobs WW, Jakl P, Jia F, Jiang H, Jones PG, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kang K, Kapitan J, Kaplan M, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Khodyrev VY, Kim BC, Kiryluk J, Kisiel A, Kislov EM, Klein SR, Kocoloski A, Koetke DD, Kollegger T, Kopytine M, Kotchenda L, Kouchpil V, Kowalik KL, Kramer M, Kravtsov P, Kravtsov VI, Krueger K, Kuhn C, Kulikov AI, Kumar A, Kuznetsov AA, Lamont MAC, Landgraf JM, Lange S, LaPointe S, Laue F, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee CH, Lehocka S, LeVine MJ, Li C, Li Q, Li Y, Lin G, Lin X, Lindenbaum SJ, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Long H, Longacre RS, Love WA, Lu Y, Ludlam T, Lynn D, Ma GL, Ma JG, Ma YG, Magestro D, Mahapatra DP, Majka R, Mangotra LK, Manweiler R, Margetis S, Markert C, Martin L, Matis HS, Matulenko YA, McClain CJ, McShane TS, Melnick Y, Meschanin A, Millane J, Miller ML, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mironov C, Mischke A, Mishra DK, Mitchell J, Mohanty B, Molnar L, Moore CF, Morozov DA, Munhoz MG, Nandi BK, Nattrass C, Nayak TK, Nelson JM, Netrakanti PK, Nogach LV, Nurushev SB, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Okorokov V, Oldenburg M, Olson D, Pachr M, Pal SK, Panebratsev Y, Panitkin SY, Pavlinov AI, Pawlak T, Peitzmann T, Perevoztchikov V, Perkins C, Peryt W, Phatak SC, Picha R, Planinic M, Pluta J, Poljak N, Porile N, Porter J, Poskanzer AM, Potekhin M, Potrebenikova E, Potukuchi BVKS, Prindle D, Pruneau C, Putschke J, Rakness G, Raniwala R, Raniwala S, Ray RL, Razin SV, Reinnarth J, Relyea D, Retiere F, Ridiger A, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Rose A, Roy C, Ruan L, Russcher MJ, Sahoo R, Sakuma T, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sarsour M, Sazhin PS, Schambach J, Scharenberg RP, Schmitz N, Schweda K, Seger J, Selyuzhenkov I, Seyboth P, Shabetai A, Shahaliev E, Shao M, Sharma M, Shen WQ, Shimanskiy SS, Sichtermann E, Simon F, Singaraju RN, Smirnov N, Snellings R, Sood G, Sorensen P, Sowinski J, Speltz J, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stadnik A, Stanislaus TDS, Stock R, Stolpovsky A, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sugarbaker E, Sumbera M, Sun Z, Surrow B, Swanger M, Symons TJM, Szanto de Toledo A, Tai A, Takahashi J, Tang AH, Tarnowsky T, Thein D, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Timoshenko S, Tokarev M, Trainor TA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tsai OD, Ulery J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Buren GV, van der Kolk N, van Leeuwen M, Molen AMV, Varma R, Vasilevski IM, Vasiliev AN, Vernet R, Vigdor SE, Viyogi YP, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Waggoner WT, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang XL, Wang Y, Watson JW, Webb JC, Westfall GD, Wetzler A, Whitten C, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wood J, Wu J, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Z, Yepes P, Yoo IK, Yurevich VI, Zhan W, Zhang H, Zhang WM, Zhang Y, Zhang ZP, Zhao Y, Zhong C, Zoulkarneev R, Zoulkarneeva Y, Zubarev AN, Zuo JX. Strange baryon resonance production in sqrt s NN=200 GeV p+p and Au+Au collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:132301. [PMID: 17026027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.132301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurements of Sigma(1385) and Lambda(1520) production in p+p and Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s{NN}]=200 GeV from the STAR Collaboration. The yields and the p(T) spectra are presented and discussed in terms of chemical and thermal freeze-out conditions and compared to model predictions. Thermal and microscopic models do not adequately describe the yields of all the resonances produced in central Au+Au collisions. Our results indicate that there may be a time span between chemical and thermal freeze-out during which elastic hadronic interactions occur.
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Xu YX, Zhu ZY, Lo LC, Wang CM, Lin G, Feng F, Yue GH. Characterization of two parvalbumin genes and their association with growth traits in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Anim Genet 2006; 37:266-8. [PMID: 16734689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumins are extremely abundant in fish muscle and play an important role in muscle relaxation. In this study, two parvalbumin genes (PVALB1 and PVALB2) were cloned from Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). The cDNAs for PVALB1 and PVALB2 were 840 and 667 bp respectively. Both genes consisted of five exons and four introns, encoded 109 amino acids, and were of beta lineage. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, expression of PVALB1 was detected in all 10 tissues tested, with expression in brain, kidney, muscle and small intestine being 15- to 322-fold higher than in the other tissues. Expression of PVALB2 was detected only in muscle, brain and intestine, and was up to 10-fold lower than PVALB1 expression. A (CT)(17) microsatellite in the 3'-untranslated region of PVALB1 and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the third intron of PVALB2 were identified. The microsatellite in PVALB1 was significantly associated with body weight and body length at 90 days post-hatch (P < 0.01), whereas the SNPs in PVALVB2 were not associated with these traits.
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Peng PC, Kuo HC, Tsai WK, Chang YH, Lin CT, Chi S, Wang SC, Lin G, Yang HP, Lin KF, Yu HC, Chi JY. Dynamic characteristics of long-wavelength quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with light injection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2006; 14:2944-2949. [PMID: 19516433 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This investigation experimentally demonstrates the dynamic characteristics of quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (QD VCSEL) without and with light injection. The QD VCSEL is fully doped structure on GaAs substrate and operates in the 1.3 mum optical communication wavelength. The eye diagram, frequency response, and intermodulation distortion are presented. We also demonstrate that the frequency response enhancement by light injection technique allows us to improve the performance of subcarrier multiplexed system.
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205
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Pankuch GA, Lin G, Appelbaum PC. Activity of five quinolones, three macrolides and telithromycin against 12 Haemophilus influenzae strains with different resistance phenotypes. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 11:1040-4. [PMID: 16307562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gemifloxacin MICs for 12 Haemophilus influenzae strains with different resistance phenotypes were 0.001-0.015 mg/L. Gemifloxacin was bactericidal against all 12 strains after 24 h at 2 x MIC. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin had MICs of 0.008-0.03 mg/L and similar kill kinetics. Macrolides and telithromycin had unimodal MICs (1.0-8.0 mg/L), except for two strains without efflux systems (0.0125-0.5 mg/L) and two with efflux systems and ribosomal protein mutations (> 64.0 mg/L), and were bactericidal against eight to ten strains tested at 2 x MIC after 24 h.
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Yang S, Lin G, Luo SW, OuYang Q, Zhou J, Lu GX. ASCR-001 Characteristics of new karyotypically abnormal human embryonic stem cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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207
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Lin G, Lo LC, Zhu ZY, Feng F, Chou R, Yue GH. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence and characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the control region of the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 8:71-9. [PMID: 16228120 PMCID: PMC4273291 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-5051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We determined the complete mtDNA nucleotide sequence of Lates calcarifer using the shotgun sequencing method. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was 16,535 base pairs (bp) in length, and contained 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and one major noncoding control region (CR). The CR was unusually short at only 768 bp. A striking feature of the mitochondrial genome was the high G+C content (46.1%), which is among the highest in fish. The gene order was identical to that of a typical vertebrate. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes of 30 fish species representing 14 suborders clearly showed Lates calcarifer was located in the cluster of fish species from the order Perciformes, supporting the traditional systematic classification. We characterized single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CR by sequencing the complete CR of 25 individuals obtained from Australia and Singapore. A total of 68 SNPs were detected. Eighteen SNPs were fixed with alternative nucleotides in Australian and Singapore seabass, and these SNPs could be used for differentiating fish from the two countries.
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208
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Tang Y, Xiao HM, Gong MD, Lin G, Lu GX. AC-021 Elevated progesterone at early follicular phase results in a lower ongoing pregnancy rate after IVF using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist down-regulation short protocol. Reprod Biomed Online 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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209
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Lin G, Chiou SY, Hwu BC, Hsieh CW. Probing Structure–Function Relationships of Serine Hydrolases and Proteases with Carbamate and Thiocarbamate Inhibitors. Protein J 2006; 25:33-43. [PMID: 16721659 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-006-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzene-1,3-di-N-n-octylcarbamate (1), benzene-1-hydroxyl-3-N-n-octylcarbamate (2), benzene-1,3-di-N-n-ocztylthiocarbamate (3), and benzene-1-hydroxyl-3-N-n-octylthiocarbamate (4) are synthesized from 1,3-benzene-diol and are characterized as the pseudo-substrate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, cholesterol esterase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. For these six enzyme inhibitions by 1-4, the pKi values are linearly correlated with their log ki values - Brønsted plots. Therefore, 1-4 inhibit these enzymes through a common mechanism. Moreover, both pKi and log ki values for the inhibitions by 1,3, and 4 are linearly correlated with both pKi and log ki values for the inhibitions by 2, respectively. Thus, the pKi values for the inhibitions by 2 are defined as the nucleophilicity constants of these enzymes (nenzyme). The log k2 values for the inhibitions by 1-4 are also linearly correlated with the nenzyme values. Therefore, the nucleophilicity for serine hydrolases and proteases toward 1-4 also applies the Swain-Scott correlations.
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210
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Ou-Yang Q, Lin G, Tan YQ, Zhang SP, Liu T, Chen D, Xie PY, Lu GX. ASCR-010 Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from monopronuclear and tripronuclear blastocysts. Reprod Biomed Online 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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211
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Yue GH, Zhu ZY, Lin G, Lo LC, Feng F. Novel polymorphic microsatellites for studying genetic diversity of red Asian arowanas. CONSERV GENET 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-005-9061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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212
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Adams J, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Amonett J, Anderson BD, Arkhipkin D, Averichev GS, Badyal SK, Bai Y, Balewski J, Barannikova O, Barnby LS, Baudot J, Bekele S, Belaga VV, Bellingeri-Laurikainen A, Bellwied R, Berger J, Bezverkhny BI, Bharadwaj S, Bhasin A, Bhati AK, Bhatia VS, Bichsel H, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Billmeier A, Bland LC, Blyth CO, Blyth SL, Bonner BE, Botje M, Boucham A, Bouchet J, Brandin AV, Bravar A, Bystersky M, Cadman RV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Castillo J, Catu O, Cebra D, Chajecki Z, Chaloupka P, Chattopadhyay S, Chen HF, Chen JH, Chen Y, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chikanian A, Christie W, Coffin JP, Cormier TM, Cosentino MR, Cramer JG, Crawford HJ, Das D, Das S, Daugherity M, de Moura MM, Dedovich TG, DePhillips M, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dietel T, Dogra SM, Dong WJ, Dong X, Draper JE, Du F, Dubey AK, Dunin VB, Dunlop JC, Dutta Mazumdar MR, Eckardt V, Edwards WR, Efimov LG, Emelianov V, Engelage J, Eppley G, Erazmus B, Estienne M, Fachini P, Faivre J, Fatemi R, Fedorisin J, Filimonov K, Filip P, Finch E, Fine V, Fisyak Y, Fornazier KSF, Fu J, Gagliardi CA, Gaillard L, Gans J, Ganti MS, Geurts F, Ghazikhanian V, Ghosh P, Gonzalez JE, Gos H, Grachov O, Grebenyuk O, Grosnick D, Guertin SM, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta N, Gutierrez TD, Hallman TJ, Hamed A, Hardtke D, Harris JW, Heinz M, Henry TW, Hepplemann S, Hippolyte B, Hirsch A, Hjort E, Hoffmann GW, Horner MJ, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Hughes EW, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Ishihara A, Jacobs P, Jacobs WW, Jedynak M, Jiang H, Jones PG, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kang K, Kaplan M, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Khodyrev VY, Kiryluk J, Kisiel A, Kislov EM, Klay J, Klein SR, Koetke DD, Kollegger T, Kopytine M, Kotchenda L, Kowalik KL, Kramer M, Kravtsov P, Kravtsov VI, Krueger K, Kuhn C, Kulikov AI, Kumar A, Kutuev RK, Kuznetsov AA, Lamont MAC, Landgraf JM, Lange S, Laue F, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lehocka S, LeVine MJ, Li C, Li Q, Li Y, Lin G, Lindenbaum SJ, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu QJ, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Long H, Longacre RS, Lopez-Noriega M, Love WA, Lu Y, Ludlam T, Lynn D, Ma GL, Ma JG, Ma YG, Magestro D, Mahajan S, Mahapatra DP, Majka R, Mangotra LK, Manweiler R, Margetis S, Markert C, Martin L, Marx JN, Matis HS, Matulenko YA, McClain CJ, McShane TS, Meissner F, Melnick Y, Meschanin A, Miller ML, Minaev NG, Mironov C, Mischke A, Mishra DK, Mitchell J, Mohanty B, Molnar L, Moore CF, Morozov DA, Munhoz MG, Nandi BK, Nayak SK, Nayak TK, Nelson JM, Netrakanti PK, Nikitin VA, Nogach LV, Nurushev SB, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Okorokov V, Oldenburg M, Olson D, Pal SK, Panebratsev Y, Panitkin SY, Pavlinov AI, Pawlak T, Peitzmann T, Perevoztchikov V, Perkins C, Peryt W, Petrov VA, Phatak SC, Picha R, Planinic M, Pluta J, Porile N, Porter J, Poskanzer AM, Potekhin M, Potrebenikova E, Potukuchi BVKS, Prindle D, Pruneau C, Putschke J, Rakness G, Raniwala R, Raniwala S, Ravel O, Ray RL, Razin SV, Reichhold D, Reid JG, Reinnarth J, Renault G, Retiere F, Ridiger A, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Rose A, Roy C, Ruan L, Russcher M, Sahoo R, Sakrejda I, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sarsour M, Savin I, Sazhin PS, Schambach J, Scharenberg RP, Schmitz N, Schweda K, Seger J, Seyboth P, Shahaliev E, Shao M, Shao W, Sharma M, Shen WQ, Shestermanov KE, Shimanskiy SS, Sichtermann E, Simon F, Singaraju RN, Smirnov N, Snellings R, Sood G, Sorensen P, Sowinski J, Speltz J, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stadnik A, Stanislaus TDS, Stock R, Stolpovsky A, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sugarbaker E, Suire C, Sumbera M, Surrow B, Swanger M, Symons TJM, Szanto de Toledo A, Tai A, Takahashi J, Tang AH, Tarnowsky T, Thein D, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Timoshenko S, Tokarev M, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tsai OD, Ulery J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Van Buren G, van der Kolk N, van Leeuwen M, Vander Molen AM, Varma R, Vasilevski IM, Vasiliev AN, Vernet R, Vigdor SE, Viyogi YP, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Waggoner WT, Wang F, Wang G, Wang G, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Ward H, Watson JW, Webb JC, Westfall GD, Wetzler A, Whitten C, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wood J, Wu J, Xu N, Xu Z, Xu ZZ, Yamamoto E, Yepes P, Yurevich VI, Zborovsky I, Zhang H, Zhang WM, Zhang Y, Zhang ZP, Zhong C, Zoulkarneev R, Zoulkarneeva Y, Zubarev AN, Zuo JX. Multistrange Baryon elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at square root of sNN=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:122301. [PMID: 16197068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurement of elliptic flow v2(pT) of multistrange baryons Xi- +Xi+ and Omega- + Omega+ in heavy-ion collisions. In minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at square root of s(NN)=200 GeV, a significant amount of elliptic flow, comparable to other nonstrange baryons, is observed for multistrange baryons which are expected to be particularly sensitive to the dynamics of the partonic stage of heavy-ion collisions. The pT dependence of v2 of the multistrange baryons confirms the number of constituent quark scaling previously observed for lighter hadrons. These results support the idea that a substantial fraction of the observed collective motion is developed at the early partonic stage in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
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Adams J, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Amonett J, Anderson BD, Arkhipkin D, Averichev GS, Badyal SK, Bai Y, Balewski J, Barannikova O, Barnby LS, Baudot J, Bekele S, Belaga VV, Bellingeri-Laurikainen A, Bellwied R, Berger J, Bezverkhny BI, Bhardwaj S, Bhasin A, Bhati AK, Bichsel H, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Billmeier A, Bland LC, Blyth CO, Blyth S, Bonner BE, Botje M, Boucham A, Bouchet J, Brandin AV, Bravar A, Bystersky M, Cadman RV, Cai XZ, Caines H, de la Barca Sánchez MC, Castillo J, Catu O, Cebra D, Chajecki Z, Chaloupka P, Chattopadhyay S, Chen HF, Chen Y, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chikanian A, Christie W, Coffin JP, Cormier TM, Cosentino MR, Cramer JG, Crawford HJ, Das D, Das S, de Moura MM, Dedovich TG, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dietel T, Dogra SM, Dong WJ, Dong X, Draper JE, Du F, Dubey AK, Dunin VB, Dunlop JC, Mazumdar MRD, Eckardt V, Edwards WR, Efimov LG, Emelianov V, Engelage J, Eppley G, Erazmus B, Estienne M, Fachini P, Faivre J, Fatemi R, Fedorisin J, Filimonov K, Filip P, Finch E, Fine V, Fisyak Y, Fornazier KSF, Fu J, Gagliardi CA, Gaillard L, Gans J, Ganti MS, Geurts F, Ghazikhanian V, Ghosh P, Gonzalez JE, Gos H, Grachov O, Grebenyuk O, Grosnick D, Guertin SM, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gutierrez TD, Hallman TJ, Hamed A, Hardtke D, Harris JW, Heinz M, Henry TW, Hepplemann S, Hippolyte B, Hirsch A, Hjort E, Hoffmann GW, Horner M, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Hughes EW, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Ishihara A, Jacobs P, Jacobs WW, Jedynak M, Jiang H, Jones PG, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kang K, Kaplan M, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Khodyrev VY, Kiryluk J, Kisiel A, Kislov EM, Klay J, Klein SR, Koetke DD, Kollegger T, Kopytine M, Kotchenda L, Kowalik KL, Kramer M, Kravtsov P, Kravtsov VI, Krueger K, Kuhn C, Kulikov AI, Kumar A, Kutuev RK, Kuznetsov AA, Lamont MAC, Landgraf JM, Lange S, Laue F, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lehocka S, Levine MJ, Li C, Li Q, Li Y, Lin G, Lindenbaum SJ, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu QJ, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Long H, Longacre RS, Lopez-Noriega M, Love WA, Lu Y, Ludlam T, Lynn D, Ma GL, Ma JG, Ma YG, Magestro D, Mahajan S, Mahapatra DP, Majka R, Mangotra LK, Manweiler R, Margetis S, Markert C, Martin L, Marx JN, Matis HS, Matulenko YA, McClain CJ, McShane TS, Meissner F, Melnick Y, Meschanin A, Miller ML, Minaev NG, Mironov C, Mischke A, Mishra DK, Mitchell J, Mohanty B, Molnar L, Moore CF, Morozov DA, Munhoz MG, Nandi BK, Nayak SK, Nayak TK, Nelson JM, Netrakanti PK, Nikitin VA, Nogach LV, Nurushev SB, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Okorokov V, Oldenburg M, Olson D, Pal SK, Panebratsev Y, Panitkin SY, Pavlinov AI, Pawlak T, Peitzmann T, Perevoztchikov V, Perkins C, Peryt W, Petrov VA, Phatak SC, Picha R, Planinic M, Pluta J, Porile N, Porter J, Poskanzer AM, Potekhin M, Potrebenikova E, Potukuchi BVKS, Prindle D, Pruneau C, Putschke J, Rakness G, Raniwala R, Raniwala S, Ravel O, Ray RL, Razin SV, Reichhold D, Reid JG, Reinnarth J, Renault G, Retiere F, Ridiger A, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Rose A, Roy C, Ruan L, Russcher MJ, Sahoo R, Sakrejda I, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sarsour M, Savin I, Sazhin PS, Schambach J, Scharenberg RP, Schmitz N, Schweda K, Seger J, Seyboth P, Shahaliev E, Shao M, Shao W, Sharma M, Shen WQ, Shestermanov KE, Shimanskiy SS, Sichtermann E, Simon F, Singaraju RN, Smirnov N, Snellings R, Sood G, Sorensen P, Sowinski J, Speltz J, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stadnik A, Stanislaus TDS, Stock R, Stolpovsky A, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sugarbaker E, Suire C, Sumbera M, Surrow B, Swanger M, Symons TJM, de Toledo AS, Tai A, Takahashi J, Tang AH, Tarnowsky T, Thein D, Thomas JH, Timoshenko S, Tokarev M, Trainor TA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tsai OD, Ulery J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Buren GV, van Leeuwen M, Molen AMV, Varma R, Vasilevski IM, Vasiliev AN, Vernet R, Vigdor SE, Viyogi YP, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Waggoner WT, Wang F, Wang G, Wang G, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Ward H, Watson JW, Webb JC, Westfall GD, Wetzler A, Whitten C, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wood J, Wu J, Xu N, Xu Z, Xu ZZ, Yamamoto E, Yepes P, Yurevich VI, Zborovsky I, Zhang H, Zhang WM, Zhang Y, Zhang ZP, Zoulkarneev R, Zoulkarneeva Y, Zubarev AN. Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons in Au+Au collisions at square root of (S(NN)) = 62.4 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:062301. [PMID: 16090941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of pseudorapidity distribution of photons in the region 2.3 < or = eta < or = 3.7 for different centralities in Au+Au collisions at square root of (S(NN)) = 62.4 GeV. We find that the photon yield scales with the number of participating nucleons at all collision centralities studied. The pseudorapidity distribution of photons, dominated by pi0 decays, has been compared to those of charged pions, photons, and inclusive charged particles from heavy-ion and nucleon-nucleon collisions at various energies. The photon production has been shown to be consistent with the energy and centrality independent limiting fragmentation scenario.
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Lin G, Brady P, Webster T, Rea R, Hammill S, Hayes D. 269 Cardiac resynchronization therapy does not reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Europace 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/eupace/7.supplement_1.64-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Appelbaum PC, Pankuch GA, Bozdogan B, Lin G, Jacobs MR, Patel MV, Gupte SV, Jafri MA, De Souza NJ, Khorakiwala HF. Activity of the new quinolone WCK 771 against pneumococci. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:9-14. [PMID: 15649298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The activity of WCK 771, a new experimental quinolone being developed to overcome quinolone resistance in staphylococci, against quinolone-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci was determined. Comparative activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, clinafloxacin, vancomycin, linezolid, amoxycillin, cefuroxime, azithromycin and clarithromycin were determined with MIC and time-kill experiments. Animal experiments were also performed to test the in-vivo anti-pneumococcal activity of WCK 771 compared to levofloxacin. WCK 771 MIC50/90 values for 300 quinolone-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (108 penicillin-susceptible, 92 penicillin-intermediate and 100 penicillin-resistant) were 0.5/0.5 mg/L; the MICs of beta-lactams and macrolides rose with those of penicillin G, and all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. WCK 771 MIC50/90 values for 25 quinolone-resistant pneumococcal isolates were 4/8 mg/L, compared to 0.5/1 mg/L for clinafloxacin, 2/4 mg/L for gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, 8/16 mg/L for levofloxacin, and 16/>32 mg/L for ciprofloxacin. Time-kill studies showed that WCK 771 was bactericidal against pneumococci after 24 h at 4 x MIC, as were the other quinolones tested. Animal model studies showed that WCK 771 had efficacy comparable to that of levofloxacin, by both the oral and subcutaneous routes, for systemic infection caused by three quinolone-susceptible isolates of pneumococci. Overall, WCK 771 was potent both in vivo and in vitro against quinolone-susceptible, but not quinolone-resistant, S. pneumoniae, regardless of penicillin susceptibility.
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Adams J, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Amonett J, Anderson BD, Arkhipkin D, Averichev GS, Badyal SK, Bai Y, Balewski J, Barannikova O, Barnby LS, Baudot J, Bekele S, Belaga VV, Bellwied R, Berger J, Bezverkhny BI, Bharadwaj S, Bhasin A, Bhati AK, Bhatia VS, Bichsel H, Billmeier A, Bland LC, Blyth CO, Bonner BE, Botje M, Boucham A, Brandin AV, Bravar A, Bystersky M, Cadman RV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Castillo J, Cebra D, Chajecki Z, Chaloupka P, Chattopadhyay S, Chen HF, Chen Y, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chikanian A, Christie W, Coffin JP, Cormier TM, Cramer JG, Crawford HJ, Das D, Das S, de Moura MM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dietel T, Dogra SM, Dong WJ, Dong X, Draper JE, Du F, Dubey AK, Dunin VB, Dunlop JC, Dutta Mazumdar MR, Eckardt V, Edwards WR, Efimov LG, Emelianov V, Engelage J, Eppley G, Erazmus B, Estienne M, Fachini P, Faivre J, Fatemi R, Fedorisin J, Filimonov K, Filip P, Finch E, Fine V, Fisyak Y, Fomenko K, Fu J, Gagliardi CA, Gaillard L, Gans J, Ganti MS, Gaudichet L, Geurts F, Ghazikhanian V, Ghosh P, Gonzalez JE, Grachov O, Grebenyuk O, Grosnick D, Guertin SM, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gutierrez TD, Hallman TJ, Hamed A, Hardtke D, Harris JW, Heinz M, Henry TW, Hepplemann S, Hippolyte B, Hirsch A, Hjort E, Hoffmann GW, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Hughes EW, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Ishihara A, Jacobs P, Jacobs WW, Janik M, Jiang H, Jones PG, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kang K, Kaplan M, Keane D, Khodyrev VY, Kiryluk J, Kisiel A, Kislov EM, Klay J, Klein SR, Koetke DD, Kollegger T, Kopytine M, Kotchenda L, Kramer M, Kravtsov P, Kravtsov VI, Krueger K, Kuhn C, Kulikov AI, Kumar A, Kutuev RK, Kuznetsov AA, Lamont MAC, Landgraf JM, Lange S, Laue F, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lehocka S, LeVine MJ, Li C, Li Q, Li Y, Lin G, Lindenbaum SJ, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu L, Liu QJ, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Long H, Longacre RS, Lopez-Noriega M, Love WA, Lu Y, Ludlam T, Lynn D, Ma GL, Ma JG, Ma YG, Magestro D, Mahajan S, Mahapatra DP, Majka R, Mangotra LK, Manweiler R, Margetis S, Markert C, Martin L, Marx JN, Matis HS, Matulenko YA, McClain CJ, McShane TS, Meissner F, Melnick Y, Meschanin A, Miller ML, Minaev NG, Mironov C, Mischke A, Mishra DK, Mitchell J, Mohanty B, Molnar L, Moore CF, Morozov DA, Munhoz MG, Nandi BK, Nayak SK, Nayak TK, Nelson JM, Netrakanti PK, Nikitin VA, Nogach LV, Nurushev SB, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Okorokov V, Oldenburg M, Olson D, Pal SK, Panebratsev Y, Panitkin SY, Pavlinov AI, Pawlak T, Peitzmann T, Perevoztchikov V, Perkins C, Peryt W, Petrov VA, Phatak SC, Picha R, Planinic M, Pluta J, Porile N, Porter J, Poskanzer AM, Potekhin M, Potrebenikova E, Potukuchi BVKS, Prindle D, Pruneau C, Putschke J, Rakness G, Raniwala R, Raniwala S, Ravel O, Ray RL, Razin SV, Reichhold D, Reid JG, Renault G, Retiere F, Ridiger A, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Rose A, Roy C, Ruan L, Sahoo R, Sakrejda I, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sarsour M, Savin I, Sazhin PS, Schambach J, Scharenberg RP, Schmitz N, Schweda K, Seger J, Seyboth P, Shahaliev E, Shao M, Shao W, Sharma M, Shen WQ, Shestermanov KE, Shimanskiy SS, Sichtermann E, Simon F, Singaraju RN, Skoro G, Smirnov N, Snellings R, Sood G, Sorensen P, Sowinski J, Speltz J, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stadnik A, Stanislaus TDS, Stock R, Stolpovsky A, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sugarbaker E, Suire C, Sumbera M, Surrow B, Symons TJM, Szanto de Toledo A, Szarwas P, Tai A, Takahashi J, Tang AH, Tarnowsky T, Thein D, Thomas JH, Timoshenko S, Tokarev M, Trainor TA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tsai OD, Ulery J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Urkinbaev A, Van Buren G, van Leeuwen M, Vander Molen AM, Varma R, Vasilevski IM, Vasiliev AN, Vernet R, Vigdor SE, Viyogi YP, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Vznuzdaev M, Waggoner WT, Wang F, Wang G, Wang G, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Ward H, Watson JW, Webb JC, Wells R, Westfall GD, Wetzler A, Whitten C, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wood J, Wu J, Xu N, Xu Z, Xu ZZ, Yamamoto E, Yepes P, Yurevich VI, Zanevsky YV, Zhang H, Zhang WM, Zhang ZP, Zoulkarneev R, Zoulkarneeva Y, Zubarev AN. Open charm yields in d+Au collisions at squareroot[sNN]=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:062301. [PMID: 15783724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Midrapidity open charm spectra from direct reconstruction of D0(D0)-->K-/+pi+/- in d+Au collisions and indirect electron-positron measurements via charm semileptonic decays in p+p and d+Au collisions at squareroot[sNN]=200 GeV are reported. The D0(D0) spectrum covers a transverse momentum (pT) range of 0.1<pT<3 GeV/c, whereas the electron spectra cover a range of 1<pT<4 GeV/c. The electron spectra show approximate binary collision scaling between p+p and d+Au collisions. From these two independent analyses, the differential cross section per nucleon-nucleon binary interaction at midrapidity for open charm production from d+Au collisions at BNL RHIC is dsigma(NN)cc/dy=0.30+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.09(syst) mb. The results are compared to theoretical calculations. Implications for charmonium results in A+A collisions are discussed.
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Baosong G, Ning N, Ganglian Y, Lin G, Liangqi W, Ruijun G. Citrate anticoagulant hemodialysate in renal failure patients at high risk of bleeding. Hemodial Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1492-7535.2005.1121bj.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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218
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Baosong G, Ning N, Ganglian Y, Lin G, Liangqi W, Ruijun G. Experimental study on a new type citrate anticoagulant hemodialysate in dogs. Hemodial Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1492-7535.2005.1121bi.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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219
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Baosong G, Ning N, Ganglian Y, Lin G, Liangqi W, Ruijun G. Factors affecting concentration of citrate in dialyzers when using citrate hemodialysate in vitro. Hemodial Int 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1492-7535.2005.1121u.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
We obtain analytical solutions for the perturbed shock paths induced by time-varying random motions of a piston moving inside an adiabatic tube of constant area. The variance of the shock location grows quadratically with time for early times and switches to linear growth for longer times. The analytical results are confirmed by stochastic numerical simulations, and deviations for large random piston motions are established.
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Hsu HJ, Lin G, Chung BC. Parallel early development of zebrafish interrenal glands and pronephros: differential control by wt1 and ff1b. Endocr Res 2004; 30:803. [PMID: 15666828 DOI: 10.1081/erc-200044044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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222
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Symersky J, Lin G, Li S, Qiu S, Carson M, Schormann N, Luo M. Structural genomics ofcaenorhabditis elegans: Crystal structure of calmodulin. Proteins 2003; 53:947-9. [PMID: 14635136 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang Z, Lin G, Lue TF, Lin CS. Wogonin suppresses cellular proliferation and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in Peyronie's plaque-derived cells. BJU Int 2003; 92:753-7. [PMID: 14616461 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effect of wogonin on cellular proliferation and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in cells derived from normal and diseased tunica albuginea (TA), as related to Peyronie's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells with characteristics of fibroblasts were isolated from three tissue sources. Those from the plaque of patients with PD were designated as P cells, those from the adjacent, normal-appearing tissue as C cells, and those from the TA of patients without PD as N cells. These cells were treated with wogonin at doses of 0, 10, 20 and 40 micromol/L for 24 h or treated at a fixed dose of 40 micromol/L for 1, 8 and 24 h. Cell proliferation was assayed with a commercial kit, MCP-1 mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and secreted MCP-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Wogonin suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; the effect was more pronounced against P cells at 8 and 24 h. Wogonin down-regulated MCP-1 mRNA expression, especially in P cells. Wogonin suppressed the level of secreted MCP-1 by 59-88%. P cells, which secreted far more MCP-1 than N and C cells at 1 h, were suppressed by 88%. C cells were the least suppressed at all three times. CONCLUSIONS Wogonin suppressed the proliferation, the expression of MCP-1 mRNA, and the expression of secreted MCP-1 in TA-derived cells. In most cases, the effect of wogonin was greatest against cells derived from the plaque. Wogonin appears to be a worthy candidate for preclinical trials in men with PD.
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Lin G, Chen KC, Hsieh PS, Yeh CH, Lue TF, Lin CS. Neurotrophic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and neurotrophins on cultured major pelvic ganglia. BJU Int 2003; 92:631-5. [PMID: 14511050 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of using a ganglial culture system to screen various growth factors as potential therapeutic agents for pelvic nerve injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major pelvic ganglia (MPG) were isolated from male rats and attached to culture dishes with the aid of Matrigel (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA). Alternatively, the dorso-caudal region (DCR) of MPG, from which the cavernous nerves originate, was dissected and then attached to a Matrigel-coated coverslip. The MPG or DCR was cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control), 50 ng/mL of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 20 ng/mL of a neurotrophin (BDNF, NT3, or NT4), or combinations of these growth factors. After 2 days of incubation, the ganglial tissues with their outgrowing nerve fibres were stained for the expression of NADPH-diaphorase, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The length and staining intensity of nerve fibres were analysed. RESULTS The outgrowing fibres were significantly longer in MPG treated with any of the four tested growth factors than in PBS-treated MPG. The combination of VEGF and NT3 induced the best fibre growth. Improvements to the culturing conditions allowed a histological examination of the outgrowing fibres for the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), TH and AChE. VEGF and BDNF were equally capable of inducing NOS- and TH-expressing fibres. BDNF was much weaker than VEGF for inducing AChE-expressing fibres. CONCLUSIONS This improved culturing system is potentially useful for screening nerve-regenerating factors; VEGF had neurotrophic effects comparable with BDNF, NT3, or NT4.
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Abstract
Inhibition of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) has been shown to improve penile erection in patients with erectile dysfunction. We have reported previously the cloning of three PDE5 isoforms from human penile tissues. Here we report the cloning of two PDE5 isoforms from rat penile tissues. The similarity between rat and human PDE5A1-specific sequences were 68 and 88% at the nucleotide and amino-acid levels, respectively. Like the bovine and canine PDE5A1 sequences, the rat PDE5A1 sequence lacks the polyglutamine tract that appears to be unique to the human PDE5A1 sequence. The similarity between rat and human PDE5A2-specific sequences were 64 and 100% at the nucleotide and amino-acid levels, respectively. The equivalent of human PDE5A3-specific sequence was identified in the rat PDE5A gene; however, repeated efforts to clone the putative rat PDE5A3 isoform were not successful. Expression of PDE5A1 and A2 mRNA in various tissues was examined by Northern blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results from the two experimental procedures were largely in good agreement and indicated that PDE5A1 and A2 mRNA were expressed in a tissue-specific manner with PDE5A2 being the dominant isoform. International Journal of Impotence Research (2003) 15, 129-136. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900983
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