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Carbon Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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52
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Movafaghi S, Wang W, Bark DL, Dasi LP, Popat KC, Kota AK. Hemocompatibility of Super-Repellent surfaces: Current and Future. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2019; 6:1596-1610. [PMID: 31903188 PMCID: PMC6941870 DOI: 10.1039/c9mh00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all blood-contacting medical implants and devices initiate immunological events in the form of thrombosis and inflammation. Typically, patients receiving such implants are also given large doses of anticoagulants, which pose a high risk and a high cost to the patient. Thus, the design and development of surfaces with improved hemocompatibility and reduced dependence on anticoagulation treatments is paramount for the success of blood-contacting medical implants and devices. In the past decade, the hemocompatibility of super-repellent surfaces (i.e., surfaces that are extremely repellent to liquids) has been extensively investigated because such surfaces greatly reduce the blood-material contact area, which in turn reduces the area available for protein adsorption and blood cell or platelet adhesion, thereby offering the potential for improved hemocompatibility. In this review, we critically examine the progress made in characterizing the hemocompatibility of super-repellent surfaces, identify the unresolved challenges and highlight the opportunities for future research on developing medical implants and devices with super-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David L Bark
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lakshmi P Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Arun K Kota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Abstract
In 1986, the European Society of Biomaterials Consensus Conference gave a simplified definition of biomaterials as “a non-viable material used in a medical device intended to interact with biological systems”. This seems to be more appropriate when we look into the versatility of applications of biomaterials in the health sector, especially in cardiovascular practice. This field has expanded exponentially in every direction, with multifunctional capability. Heart valves have undergone an evolution in biomaterials and design. Patches and conduits have been developed to correct anatomical deficits, and solutions have been found for narrowing or ballooning of the arteries. Research is ongoing to find replacements for every part of this system by creating replicas made of various materials. To investigate problems pertaining to the cardiovascular system, catheters have undergone an astounding leap in material optimization. In these three sectors, the trends, successes, and failures are worth discussing. This review mainly focuses on the types of biomaterial used for making cardiovascular devices and their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Guhathakurta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Satish Galla
- Bioengineering Division, SynkroMax Biotech Private Limited, Thirumazhisai, Chennai, India
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Ahn SH, Jeong J, Kim SJ. Emerging Encapsulation Technologies for Long-Term Reliability of Microfabricated Implantable Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E508. [PMID: 31370259 PMCID: PMC6723304 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable long-term encapsulation technologies for implantable biomedical devices is of paramount importance for the safe and stable operation of implants in the body over a period of several decades. Conventional technologies based on titanium or ceramic packaging, however, are not suitable for encapsulating microfabricated devices due to their limited scalability, incompatibility with microfabrication processes, and difficulties with miniaturization. A variety of emerging materials have been proposed for encapsulation of microfabricated implants, including thin-film inorganic coatings of Al2O3, HfO2, SiO2, SiC, and diamond, as well as organic polymers of polyimide, parylene, liquid crystal polymer, silicone elastomer, SU-8, and cyclic olefin copolymer. While none of these materials have yet been proven to be as hermetic as conventional metal packages nor widely used in regulatory approved devices for chronic implantation, a number of studies have demonstrated promising outcomes on their long-term encapsulation performance through a multitude of fabrication and testing methodologies. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the long-term encapsulation performance of these emerging materials with a specific focus on publications that have quantitatively estimated the lifetime of encapsulation technologies in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joonsoo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sung June Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Aging, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Heikkinen JJ, Peltola E, Wester N, Koskinen J, Laurila T, Franssila S, Jokinen V. Fabrication of Micro- and Nanopillars from Pyrolytic Carbon and Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E510. [PMID: 31370267 PMCID: PMC6723446 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pattern formation of pyrolyzed carbon (PyC) and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films were investigated at micro- and nanoscale. Micro- and nanopillars were fabricated from both materials, and their biocompatibility was studied with cell viability tests. Carbon materials are known to be very challenging to pattern. Here we demonstrate two approaches to create biocompatible carbon features. The microtopographies were 2 μ m or 20 μ m pillars (1:1 aspect ratio) with three different pillar layouts (square-grid, hexa-grid, or random-grid orientation). The nanoscale topography consisted of random nanopillars fabricated by maskless anisotropic etching. The PyC structures were fabricated with photolithography and embossing techniques in SU-8 photopolymer which was pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere. The ta-C is a thin film coating, and the structures for it were fabricated on silicon substrates. Despite different fabrication methods, both materials were formed into comparable micro- and nanostructures. Mouse neural stem cells were cultured on the samples (without any coatings) and their viability was evaluated with colorimetric viability assay. All samples expressed good biocompatibility, but the topography has only a minor effect on viability. Two μ m pillars in ta-C shows increased cell count and aggregation compared to planar ta-C reference sample. The presented materials and fabrication techniques are well suited for applications that require carbon chemistry and benefit from large surface area and topography, such as electrophysiological and -chemical sensors for in vivo and in vitro measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas J Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Emilia Peltola
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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Micropatterning of a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer surface by hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films for endothelialization and antithrombogenicity. Acta Biomater 2019; 87:187-196. [PMID: 30710709 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The existing first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) has caused late and very late stent thrombosis related to incomplete stent endothelialization. Hence, biomaterials that possess sufficient anti-thrombogenicity and endothelialization with the controlled drug release system have been highly required. In this work, we have developed a newly designed drug-release platform composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer, a non-thrombogenic polymer, and micropatterned hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), a cell-compatible thin film. The platelet adhesion and the endothelial cell adhesion behavior on the micropatterned substrates were investigated in vitro. The results indicated that the micropatterned a-C:H/MPC polymer substrates effectively supported the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, while suppressing the platelet adhesion. Interestingly, the HUVEC exhibited different shape and behavior by changing the island size of the micropatterned a-C:H. By introducing both a non-thrombogenic polymer and cell-compatible thin films through a simple patterning method, we demonstrated that the platform had the potential to be utilized as a base material for DES with cell controllability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The current first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) would cause late and very late stent thrombosis due to the incomplete endothelialization of the metal stent material. In this work, we have developed a new DES platform composed of a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer micropatterned by hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H). Two types of differently micropatterned a-C:H stent surface were made. Our studies revealed that the micropatterned a-C:H/MPC polymer substrates could effectively enhance the endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, simultaneously suppressing the platelet adhesion, becoming a highly biocompatible material especially for indwelling devices including a drug-release device. The new drug-release platform could be utilized as a base material for cell-controllable coating on DES.
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57
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Immobilization of Detonation Nanodiamonds on Macroscopic Surfaces. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9061064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) are a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, and have received a great deal of attention in biomedical applications, due to their high biocompatibility, facile surface functionalization, and commercialized synthetic fabrication. We were able to transfer the NDs from large-size agglomerate suspensions to homogenous coatings. ND suspensions have been used in various techniques to coat on commercially available substrates of pure Ti and Si. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and nanoindentation show that the densest and strongest coating of NDs was generated when using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS)-mediated coupling to macroscopic silanized surfaces. In the next step, the feasibility of DNA-mediated coupling of NDs on macroscopic surfaces is discussed using fluorescent microscopy and additional particle size distribution, as well as zeta potential measurements. This work compares different ND coating strategies and describes the straightforward technique of grafting single-stranded DNA onto carboxylated NDs via thioester bridges.
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58
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Lišková J, Slepičková Kasálková N, Slepička P, Švorčík V, Bačáková L. Heat-treated carbon coatings on poly (l-lactide) foils for tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:117-128. [PMID: 30948046 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for a wide variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering. We have developed a simple but unique technique for patterning carbon-based substrates in order to control cell adhesion, growth and phenotypic maturation. Carbon films were deposited on PLLA foils from distances of 3 to 7 cm. Subsequent heat-treatment (60 °C, 1 h) created lamellar structures with dimensions decreasing from micro- to nanoscale with increasing deposition distance. All carbon films improved the spreading and proliferation of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells, and promoted the alignment of these cells along the lamellar structures. Similar alignment was observed in human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells and in human dermal fibroblasts. Type I collagen fibers produced by Saos-2 cells and fibroblasts were also oriented along the lamellar structures. These structures increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in Saos-2 cells. Carbon coatings also supported adhesion and growth of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, particularly flatter non-heated carbon films. On these films, the continuity of the endothelial cell layer was better than on heat-treated lamellar surfaces. Heat-treated carbon-coated PLLA is therefore more suitable for bone and skin tissue engineering, while carbon-coated PLLA without heating is more appropriate for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Lišková
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Slepičková Kasálková
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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59
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Eliaz N. Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E407. [PMID: 30696087 PMCID: PMC6384782 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metallic biomaterials are used in medical devices in humans more than any other family of materials. The corrosion resistance of an implant material affects its functionality and durability and is a prime factor governing biocompatibility. The fundamental paradigm of metallic biomaterials, except biodegradable metals, has been "the more corrosion resistant, the more biocompatible." The body environment is harsh and raises several challenges with respect to corrosion control. In this invited review paper, the body environment is analysed in detail and the possible effects of the corrosion of different biomaterials on biocompatibility are discussed. Then, the kinetics of corrosion, passivity, its breakdown and regeneration in vivo are conferred. Next, the mostly used metallic biomaterials and their corrosion performance are reviewed. These biomaterials include stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium and its alloys, Nitinol shape memory alloy, dental amalgams, gold, metallic glasses and biodegradable metals. Then, the principles of implant failure, retrieval and failure analysis are highlighted, followed by description of the most common corrosion processes in vivo. Finally, approaches to control the corrosion of metallic biomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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60
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Rahmati M, Mozafari M. Biological Response to Carbon-Family Nanomaterials: Interactions at the Nano-Bio Interface. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:4. [PMID: 30729107 PMCID: PMC6351449 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, several studies have suggested that carbon-based nanomaterials, owing to their unique properties, could act as promising candidates in biomedical engineering application. Wide-ranging research efforts have investigated the cellular and molecular responses to carbon-based nanomaterials at the nano-bio interfaces. In addition, a number of surface functionalization strategies have been introduced to improve their safety profile in the biological environment. The present review discusses the general principles of immunological responses to nanomaterials. Then, it explains essential physico-chemical properties of carbon-familynanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, fullerene, carbon quantum dots (CDs), diamond-like carbon (DLC), and mesoporous carbon biomaterials (MCNs), which significantly affect the immunological cellular and molecular responses at the nano-bio interface. The discussions also briefly highlight the recent studies that critically investigated the cellular and molecular responses to various carbon-based nanomaterials. It is expected that the most recent perspective strategies for improving the biological responses to carbon-based nanomaterials can revolutionize their functions in emerging biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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61
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Advances in Penetrating Multichannel Microelectrodes Based on the Utah Array Platform. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1101:1-40. [PMID: 31729670 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2050-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Utah electrode array (UEA) and its many derivatives have become a gold standard for high-channel count bi-directional neural interfaces, in particular in human subject applications. The chapter provides a brief overview of leading electrode concepts and the context in which the UEA has to be understood. It goes on to discuss the key advances and developments of the UEA platform in the past 15 years, as well as novel wireless and system integration technologies that will merge into future generations of fully integrated devices. Aspects covered include novel device architectures that allow scaling of channel count and density of electrode contacts, material improvements to substrate, electrode contacts, and encapsulation. Further subjects are adaptations of the UEA platform to support IR and optogenetic simulation as well as an improved understanding of failure modes and methods to test and accelerate degradation in vitro such as to better predict device failure and lifetime in vivo.
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62
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Hersey M, Berger SN, Holmes J, West A, Hashemi P. Recent Developments in Carbon Sensors for At-Source Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:27-43. [PMID: 30481001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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63
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Structure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Me-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) (Me = Al, Ti, or Nb) Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Coatings. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal containing hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings (Me-DLC, Me = Al, Ti, or Nb) of 3 ± 0.2 μm thickness were deposited by a magnetron sputtering-RFPECVD hybrid process in an Ar/H2/C2H2 mixture. The composition and structure were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The residual stress was measured using the curvature method and nanoindentation was used to determine the hardness and the Young’s modulus. A Ball-on-disk tribometer was employed to investigate the frictional properties and sliding wear resistance of films. The results show that the properties depend on the nature and the Me content in the coatings. The doping of the DLC coatings leads to a decrease in hardness, Young’s modulus, and residual stresses. Wear rate of the films first decreases with intermediate Me contents and then increases for higher Me contents. Significant improvements in the friction coefficient on steel as well as in the wear rate are observed for all Al-DLC coatings, and, concerning the friction coefficient, the lowest value is measured at 0.04 as compared to 0.07 for the undoped DLC.
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64
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Kapnisis K, Constantinou M, Kyrkou M, Nikolaou P, Anayiotos A, Constantinides G. Nanotribological response of a-C:H coated metallic biomaterials: the cases of stainless steel, titanium, and niobium. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2018; 16:230-240. [PMID: 29974806 DOI: 10.1177/2280800018782840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wear and corrosion have been identified as two of the major forms of medical implant failures. This study aims to improve the surface, protective and tribological characteristics of bare metals used for medical implants, so as to improve scratch resistance and increase lifetime. Methods Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films were deposited, using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), on stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metal plates. Nanomechanical and nanotribological responses were investigated before and after a-C:H deposition. Film thickness and density were quantified through X-ray reflectivity, and surface morphology before and after deposition were measured using atomic force microscopy, whereas the tribomechanical characteristics were probed using instrumented indentation. Results and conclusions Films of approximately 40 nm in thickness and density of 1.7 g/cm3 were deposited. The a-C:H films reduce the roughness and coefficient of friction while improving the tribomechanical response compared with bare metals for Ti, SS and Nb plates. The very good tribomechanical properties of a-C:H make it a promising candidate material for protective coating on metallic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kapnisis
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Marios Constantinou
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,2 Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kyrkou
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Petros Nikolaou
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,2 Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Constantinides
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.,2 Research Unit for Nanostructured Materials Systems, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
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Nezakati T, Seifalian A, Tan A, Seifalian AM. Conductive Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6766-6843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Nezakati
- Google Inc.., Mountain View, California 94043, United States
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Seifalian
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Tan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- NanoRegMed Ltd. (Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre), The London Innovation BioScience Centre, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
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Karahan HE, Wiraja C, Xu C, Wei J, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu F, Chen Y. Graphene Materials in Antimicrobial Nanomedicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701406. [PMID: 29504283 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene materials (GMs), such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. This report describes their state-of-the-art and potential future covering both fundamental aspects and biomedical applications. First, the current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms of GMs is illustrated, and the complex picture of underlying structure-property-activity relationships is sketched. Next, the different modes of utilization of antimicrobial GMs are explained, which include their use as colloidal dispersions, surface coatings, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy agents. Due to their practical relevance, the examples where GMs function as synergistic agents or release platforms for metal ions and/or antibiotic drugs are also discussed. Later, the applicability of GMs in the design of wound dressings, infection-protective coatings, and antibiotic-like formulations ("nanoantibiotics") is assessed. Notably, to support our assessments, the existing clinical applications of conventional carbon materials are also evaluated. Finally, the key hurdles of the field are highlighted, and several possible directions for future investigations are proposed. We hope that the roadmap provided here will encourage researchers to tackle remaining challenges toward clinical translation of promising research findings and help realize the potential of GMs in antimicrobial nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Enis Karahan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 638075 Singapore
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
- NTU‐Northwestern Institute of Nanomedicine Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore 638075 Singapore
| | - Yilei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology 391 Binshui, Xidao, Xiqing District Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology 391 Binshui, Xidao, Xiqing District Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangdong Institute of Microbiology 100 Central Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510070 China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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67
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Effects of sp2/sp3 Ratio and Hydrogen Content on In Vitro Bending and Frictional Performance of DLC-Coated Orthodontic Stainless Steels. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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68
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Biomineralization of osteoblasts on DLC coated surfaces for bone implants. Biointerphases 2018; 13:041002. [PMID: 29788723 DOI: 10.1116/1.5007805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond like carbon (DLC) films were deposited onto Ti6Al4V and Si wafer substrates by RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The influence of dopants such as fluorine (F), silicon (Si), and nitrogen (N) on composition, structure, and biocompatibility was investigated. Ion scattering spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of dopant atoms in the outer-most layers of the films. Raman studies showed that the position of the G-band shifts to higher frequencies with the fluorine and nitrogen content in the DLC film, whereas the incorporation of Si into DLC induces a decrease of the position of the G peak. The corrosion behavior was studied in simulated body fluid. A higher charge transfer resistance (Rct) was observed for the doped DLC films. The indirect cytotoxicity was performed using L929 fibroblast cells. The coated surfaces were hemocompatible when tested with red blood cells. DLC films were noncytotoxic to L929 cells over a 24 h exposure. Saos-2 osteoblast cell response to the doped and undoped DLC coated surfaces was studied in adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization assays. The production of calcium and phosphate by cells on doped DLC, particularly, nitrogen doped DLC, was higher than that on undoped DLC.
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69
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Zdunek K, Chodun R, Wicher B, Nowakowska-Langier K, Okrasa S. Characterization of sp 3 bond content of carbon films deposited by high power gas injection magnetron sputtering method by UV and VIS Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 194:136-140. [PMID: 29331814 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of investigations of carbon films deposited by a modified version of the magnetron sputtering method - HiPGIMS (High Power Gas Injection Magnetron Sputtering). In this experiment, the magnetron system with inversely polarized electrodes (sputtered cathode at ground potential and positively biased, spatially separated anode) was used. This arrangement allowed us to conduct the experiment using voltages ranging from 1 to 2kV and a power supply system equipped with 25/50μF capacitor battery. Carbon films were investigated by VIS/UV Raman spectroscopy. Sp3/sp2 bonding ratio was evaluated basing the elementary components of registered spectra. Our investigation showed that sp3 bond content increases with discharge power but up to specific value only. In extreme conditions of generating plasma impulses, we detected a reversed relation of the sp3/sp2 ratio. In our opinion, a energy of plasma pulse favors nucleation of a sp3 phase because of a relatively higher ionization state but in extreme cases the influence of energy is reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Chodun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wicher
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Okrasa
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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70
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De Meurechy N, Braem A, Mommaerts M. Biomaterials in temporomandibular joint replacement: current status and future perspectives—a narrative review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:518-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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71
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Ibrahim M, Xue Y, Ostermann M, Sauter A, Steinmueller-Nethl D, Schweeberg S, Krueger A, Cimpan MR, Mustafa K. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of nanodiamond particles and their osteogenic potential. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1697-1707. [PMID: 29451353 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds functionalized with nanodiamond particles (nDP) hold great promise with regard to bone tissue formation in animal models. Degradation of the scaffolds over time may leave nDP within the tissues, raising concerns about possible long-term unwanted effects. Human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells and U937 monoblastoid cells were exposed to five different concentrations (0.002-2 mg/L) of nDP (size range: 2.36-4.42 nm) for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by impedance-based methods. The differential expression of stress and toxicity-related genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) super-array, while the expression of selected inflammatory and cell death markers was determined by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the expression of osteogenic genes by SaOS-2 cells, alkaline phosphatase activity and the extracellular calcium nodule deposition in response to nDP were determined in vitro. Cells responded differently to higher nDP concentrations (≥0.02 mg/L), that is, no loss of viability for SaOS-2 cells and significantly reduced viability for U937 cells. Gene expression showed significant upregulation of several cell death and inflammatory markers, among other toxicity reporter genes, indicating inflammatory and cytotoxic responses in U937 cells. Nanodiamond particles improved the osteogenicity of osteoblast-like cells with no evident cytotoxicity. However, concentration-dependent cytotoxic and inflammatory responses were seen in the U937 cells, negatively affecting osteogenicity in co-cultures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1697-1707, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Melanie Ostermann
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Sauter
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sarah Schweeberg
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mihaela R Cimpan
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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72
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Takabayashi S, Okamoto K, Nakatani T. Influence of post-annealing on a diamondlike carbon film analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takabayashi
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication; Tohoku University; 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Quantum Matter, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-8530 Japan
| | - Keishi Okamoto
- Department of Quantum Matter, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-8530 Japan
- Toyo Advanced Technologies Co., Ltd.; 5-3-38 Ujina-Higashi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8501 Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Nakatani
- Toyo Advanced Technologies Co., Ltd.; 5-3-38 Ujina-Higashi, Minami-ku Hiroshima 734-8501 Japan
- Research Institute of Technology; Okayama University of Science; 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
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73
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Bioinspired surface functionalization of metallic biomaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 77:90-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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74
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Etula J, Wester N, Sainio S, Laurila T, Koskinen J. Characterization and electrochemical properties of iron-doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26356-26363. [PMID: 35541961 PMCID: PMC9083021 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films (Fe/ta-C) were deposited with varying iron content using a pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc system (p-FCVA). The aim of this study was to understand effects of iron on both the physical and electrochemical properties of the otherwise inert sp3-rich ta-C matrix. As indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), even ∼0.4 at% surface iron had a profound electrochemical impact on both the potential window of ta-C in H2SO4 and KOH, as well as pseudocapacitance. It also substantially enhanced the electron transport and re-enabled facile outer sphere redox reaction kinetics in comparison to un-doped ta-C, as measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) using outer-sphere probes Ru(NH3)6, IrCl6, and FcMeOH. These increases in surface iron loading were linked to increased surface oxygen content and iron oxides. Unlike few other metals, an iron content even up to 10 at% was not found to result in the formation of sp2-rich amorphous carbon films as investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations found all films to be amorphous and ultrasmooth with Rq values always in the range of 0.1–0.2 nm. As even very small amounts of Fe were shown to dominate the electrochemistry of ta-C, implications of this study are very useful e.g. in carbon nanostructure synthesis, where irregular traces of iron can be readily incorporated into the final structures. Surface iron levels as low as 0.4 at% (XPS) can considerably change the electrochemical properties of initially inert carbon surfaces.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Etula
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Niklas Wester
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Sami Sainio
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Tomi Laurila
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Aalto University
- 02150 Espoo
- Finland
| | - Jari Koskinen
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
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75
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernández
- Bioengineering Institute; Miguel Hernández University of Elche and CIBER BBN; Elche 03202 Spain
| | - Pablo Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química; Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Valencia 46022 Spain
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76
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Haider H, Weisenburger JN, Namavar F, Garvin KL. Why Coating Technologies for Hip Replacement Systems, and the Importance of Testing Them In Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.oto.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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77
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Lu L, Xing C, Xin S, Shitao Y, Feng S, Shiwei L, Fusheng L, Congxia X. Alkyl chitosan film-high strength, functional biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3034-3041. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Bioengineering; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Cao Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Xin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shitao
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Su Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Shiwei
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Fusheng
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Congxia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao People's Republic of China
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78
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Oje AM, Ogwu AA. Chromium oxide coatings with the potential for eliminating the risk of chromium ion release in orthopaedic implants. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170218. [PMID: 28791150 PMCID: PMC5541545 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromium oxide coatings prepared by radiofrequency reactive magnetron sputtering on stainless steel substrates were exposed to Ringer's physiological solution and tested for their electrochemical corrosion stability using an open circuit potential measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky analysis. The coatings were found to be predominantly Cr2O3, based on the observation of the dominance of [Formula: see text] and Eg symmetric modes in our Raman spectroscopic investigation and the Eu vibrational modes in our Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements on the coatings. We investigated for the presence of chromium ions in Ringer's solution after all of the above electrochemical tests using atomic absorption spectroscopy, without finding a trace of chromium ions at the ppm level for coatings tested under open circuit and at the lower potentials implants are likely to experience in the human body. The coatings were further exposed to Ringer's solution for one month and tested for adhesion strength changes, and we found that they retained substantial adhesion to the substrates. We expect this finding to be significant for future orthopaedic implants where chromium ion release is still a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. A. Ogwu
- Author for correspondence: A. A. Ogwu e-mail:
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79
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Awaja F, Cools P, Lohberger B, Nikiforov AY, Speranza G, Morent R. Functionalized, biocompatible, and impermeable nanoscale coatings for PEEK. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:865-870. [PMID: 28482601 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biologically compatible coatings that provide hermetic seal could resolve a major technological hurdle in the attempt to replace metals with polymers for biochips and active medical implants. The use of amorphous carbon/diamond like carbon (a-C:H) coatings to hermetically seal and biologically enhance polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) for biomedical device integration in the human body was investigated. The PEEK coating functionality (sp3/sp2 ratio), hardness and thickness (70-200nm) were controlled, by varying H2 and N2 concentration during the plasma operation with CH4. a-C:H coatings having the highest indentation modulus of 13.5GPa, originate out of a CH4 (90%) rich composition. Even in a mixture of 70/30 H2/CH4 the hardness is 4.76GPa, corresponding to hard and dense coatings. In all tested conditions of deposition coatings hardens was sufficient for the purpose of PEEK implants modification. The synthesized (a-C:H) nanoscale coatings were not water permeable as measured by the hydrolysis test, resolving the traditional challenge of swelling in wet environment. The hardness of the coatings showed strong correlations with the thickness, surprisingly however, with no correlations with the sp3/sp2 ratio. Selected non water permeable nanoscale coating on PEEK showed strong bioactivity by being viable for human osteoblast (hFOB) and human fibroblast (hGF) cells without toxicity issues. No correlation was observed between the coatings sp3/sp2 ratio and biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Awaja
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 36, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Pieter Cools
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Yu Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Speranza
- Center for Materials and Microsystems, PAM-SE, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Trento, Italy; CNR-IFN, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CSMFO Lab., via alla Cascata 56/c, 38123 Povo-Trento, Italy
| | - Rino Morent
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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80
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Rubio-Pereda P, Vilhena JG, Takeuchi N, Serena PA, Pérez R. Albumin (BSA) adsorption onto graphite stepped surfaces. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:214704. [PMID: 28595417 PMCID: PMC5457296 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are good candidates for the design of novel components with biomedical applications. For example, nano-patterned substrates may be used to immobilize protein molecules in order to integrate them in biosensing units. Here, we perform long MD simulations (up to 200 ns) using an explicit solvent and physiological ion concentrations to characterize the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto a nano-patterned graphite substrate. We have studied the effect of the orientation and step size on the protein adsorption and final conformation. Our results show that the protein is stable, with small changes in the protein secondary structure that are confined to the contact area and reveal the influence of nano-structuring on the spontaneous adsorption, protein-surface binding energies, and protein mobility. Although van der Waals (vdW) interactions play a dominant role, our simulations reveal the important role played by the hydrophobic lipid-binding sites of the BSA molecule in the adsorption process. The complex structure of these sites, that incorporate residues with different hydrophobic character, and their flexibility are crucial to understand the influence of the ion concentration and protein orientation in the different steps of the adsorption process. Our study provides useful information for the molecular engineering of components that require the immobilization of biomolecules and the preservation of their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rubio-Pereda
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J G Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 22800 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Pedro A Serena
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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81
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Zen F, Karanikolas VD, Behan JA, Andersson J, Ciapetti G, Bradley AL, Colavita PE. Nanoplasmonic Sensing at the Carbon-Bio Interface: Study of Protein Adsorption at Graphitic and Hydrogenated Carbon Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4198-4206. [PMID: 28398737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Various forms of carbon are known to perform well as biomaterials in a variety of applications and an improved understanding of their interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues is of interest for improving and tailoring their performance. Nanoplasmonic sensing (NPS) has emerged as a powerful technique for studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of interfacial reactions. In this work, the in situ adsorption of two proteins, bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen, were studied at carbon surfaces with differing chemical and optical properties using nanoplasmonic sensors. The carbon material was deposited as a thin film onto NPS surfaces consisting of 100 nm Au nanodisks with a localized plasmon absorption peak in the visible region. Carbon films were fully characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Two types of material were investigated: amorphous carbon (a-C), with high graphitic content and high optical absorptivity, and hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), with low graphitic content and high optical transparency. The optical response of the Au/carbon NPS elements was modeled using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, yielding simulated analytical sensitivities that compare well with those observed experimentally at the two carbon surfaces. Protein adsorption was investigated on a-C and a-C:H, and the protein layer thicknesses were obtained from FDTD simulations of the expected response, yielding values in the 1.8-3.3 nm range. A comparison of the results at a-C and a-C:H indicates that in both cases fibrinogen layers are thicker than those formed by albumin by up to 80%.
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82
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Tong F, Liu F, Liu J, Xiao C, Liu J, Wu J. Effects of a magnetic palatal expansion appliance with reactivation system: An animal experiment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:132-142. [PMID: 28024766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a newly designed magnetic palatal expansion appliance with a reactivation system. METHODS A magnetic palatal expansion appliance was designed based on the repulsion forces of neodymium-iron-boron magnets combined with a reactivation system. Eighteen prepubertal male beagle dogs were assigned randomly to the magnetic expansion (ME) group, the mechanical screw expansion (SE) group, or the control group. Two pairs of nonmagnetic metal bone marker implants were inserted into palatal bone bilaterally 3 mm lateral to the midpalatal suture and in line with the first and fourth premolars, respectively, in each dog. The 6 animals in each group received (1) newly designed magnetic expanders, (2) jackscrew expanders, or (3) no expansion appliance. Expansion was stopped after 4 weeks when 6 mm of activation was achieved in the 2 treated groups. Three-dimensional evaluations of dental and skeletal effects were performed with cone-beam computed tomography. Histologic examinations were conducted using light microscopy to observe morphologic changes in the midpalatal suture after hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS The absolute transversal changes of both treated groups before and after expansion were significantly greater than those in the control group in all parameters (P <0.001). The differences of the distances of bilateral canines in the ME group were significantly greater than in the SE group (1.04 ± 0.16 mm; P <0.001); the differences of the distances between implants adjacent to the first premolars (0.77 ± 0.06 mm; P <0.001) and the distances between implants adjacent to the fourth premolars (0.37 ± 0.06 mm; P <0.001) in the SE group were significantly greater than in the ME group. Histologic observations of the palatal sutures in the ME and SE groups, when compared with the control group, showed widening of the sutures and many fibroblasts in an active, proliferative state. Counts of osteoblasts were increased in both expansion groups. Counts of osteoclasts were increased in the SE group. CONCLUSIONS Both appliances expanded the maxilla effectively and induced processes of bone remodeling of the midpalatal sutures during expansion. The new magnetic palatal expansion appliances produced a smaller skeletal effect and a greater dental effect than did the mechanical screw palatal expansion appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Orthodontic Department of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Orthodontic Department of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Orthodontic Department of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chang Xiao
- Orthodontic Department of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Orthodontic Department of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Orthodontic Department of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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83
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Vasconcelos JM, Zen F, Stamatin SN, Behan JA, Colavita PE. Determination of surfaceζ-potential and isoelectric point of carbon surfaces using tracer particle suspensions. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Vasconcelos
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Federico Zen
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Serban N. Stamatin
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - James A. Behan
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Paula E. Colavita
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) and AMBER Research Centre; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
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84
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Effects of Hard Thin-Film Coatings on Adhesion of Early Colonizer Bacteria Over Titanium Surfaces. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 25:114-21. [PMID: 26540365 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and titanium (Ti) nitride coatings over Ti surfaces on the adhesion of early colonizer bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to different surface modifications: titanium nitride (TiN)-coated Ti discs (experimental group 1), DLC-coated Ti discs (experimental group 2), and uncoated polished Ti discs (control group). Discs were incubated in bacterial cell suspension (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis) for 1 hour, and the single colonies formed by adhering bacteria were counted by fluorescence microscopy. Surface roughness and topography were examined by atomic force microscopy. RESULTS The surface roughness of DLC was lower than TiN coating and the control group. Statistically significant reduction of the number of adherent bacteria was observed on DLC-coated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS DLC coating over Ti surfaces strongly inhibits the adhesion of early colonizer oral bacteria.
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Carabelli V, Marcantoni A, Picollo F, Battiato A, Bernardi E, Pasquarelli A, Olivero P, Carbone E. Planar Diamond-Based Multiarrays to Monitor Neurotransmitter Release and Action Potential Firing: New Perspectives in Cellular Neuroscience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:252-264. [PMID: 28027435 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High biocompatibility, outstanding electrochemical responsiveness, inertness, and transparency make diamond-based multiarrays (DBMs) first-rate biosensors for in vitro detection of electrochemical and electrical signals from excitable cells together, with potential for in vivo applications as neural interfaces and prostheses. Here, we will review the electrochemical and physical properties of various DBMs and how these devices have been employed for recording released neurotransmitter molecules and all-or-none action potentials from living cells. Specifically, we will overview how DBMs can resolve localized exocytotic events from subcellular compartments using high-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs), or monitoring oxidizable neurotransmitter release from populations of cells in culture and tissue slices using low-density MEAs. Interfacing DBMs with excitable cells is currently leading to the promising opportunity of recording electrical signals as well as creating neuronal interfaces through the same device. Given the recent increasingly growing development of newly available DBMs of various geometries to monitor electrical activity and neurotransmitter release in a variety of excitable and neuronal tissues, the discussion will be limited to planar DBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carabelli
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
| | - Federico Picollo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), 10125 sez. Torino, Italy
| | - Alfio Battiato
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), 10125 sez. Torino, Italy
| | - Ettore Bernardi
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), 10125 sez. Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Pasquarelli
- Institute
of Electron Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Olivero
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), 10125 sez. Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), 10125 Torino Unit, Italy
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86
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Nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon-silicon core-shell structures for high-power supercapacitor electrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42425. [PMID: 28186204 PMCID: PMC5301245 DOI: 10.1038/srep42425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report successful deposition of nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon films to realize high-power core-shell supercapacitor electrodes. A catalyst-free method is proposed to deposit large-area stable, highly conformal and highly conductive nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (a-C:N) films by means of a direct-current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique (DC-PECVD). This approach exploits C2H2 and N2 gases as the sources of carbon and nitrogen constituents and can be applied to various micro and nanostructures. Although as-deposited a-C:N films have a porous surface, their porosity can be significantly improved through a modification process consisting of Ni-assisted annealing and etching steps. The electrochemical analyses demonstrated the superior performance of the modified a-C:N as a supercapacitor active material, where specific capacitance densities as high as 42 F/g and 8.5 mF/cm2 (45 F/cm3) on silicon microrod arrays were achieved. Furthermore, this supercapacitor electrode showed less than 6% degradation of capacitance over 5000 cycles of a galvanostatic charge-discharge test. It also exhibited a relatively high energy density of 2.3 × 103 Wh/m3 (8.3 × 106 J/m3) and ultra-high power density of 2.6 × 108 W/m3 which is among the highest reported values.
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87
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Liang Y, Liu DG, Bai WQ, Tu JP. Investigation of silicon carbon nitride nanocomposite films as a wear resistant layer in vitro and in vivo for joint replacement applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:41-51. [PMID: 28213286 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-contained CNx nanocomposite films were prepared using the ion beam assisted magnetron sputtering under different nitrogen gas pressure. With increase of the nitrogen pressure, silicon and nitrogen content of the CNx films drastically increase, and is saturated as the PN2 reach about 40%. Surface roughness and the contact angle are increase, while the friction coefficient decreased. The CNx film with 5.7at.% Si content possess the lowest friction coefficient of only 0.07, and exhibited the best tribological properties. The impact of CNx films with different silicon content on the growth and the activation of osteoblasts were compared to that of Ti6Al4V. The incorporation of silicon in the CNx film also showed an increase cell adhesion. Bonding structure and surface energy were determined to be the factors contributing to the improved biocompatibility. Macrophages attached to 5.7at.% Si contained CNx films down regulated their production of cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, employed with Si contained CNx coated joint replacements, which were implanted subcutaneously into Sprague-Dawley mice for up to 36days, the tissue reaction and capsule formation was significantly decreased compared to that of Ti6Al4V. A mouse implantation study demonstrated the excellent in vivo biocompatibility and functional reliability of wear resist layer for joint replacements with a Si doped a-CNx coating for 36days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Center of Medical Device Adverse Events Monitoring of Anhui, Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring of Anhui, Hefei 230031, China
| | - D G Liu
- Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230099, China; Center of Composite Material and Surface Treatment, China Electronic Technology Group Corporation No. 38 Research Institute (CETC 38), Hefei 230088, China.
| | - W Q Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - J P Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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88
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Markhoff J, Krogull M, Schulze C, Rotsch C, Hunger S, Bader R. Biocompatibility and Inflammatory Potential of Titanium Alloys Cultivated with Human Osteoblasts, Fibroblasts and Macrophages. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010052. [PMID: 28772412 PMCID: PMC5344603 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biomaterials used to maintain or replace functions in the human body consist mainly of metals, ceramics or polymers. In orthopedic surgery, metallic materials, especially titanium and its alloys, are the most common, due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Aside from the established Ti6Al4V alloy, shape memory materials such as nickel-titanium (NiTi) have risen in importance, but are also discussed because of the adverse effects of nickel ions. These might be reduced by specific surface modifications. In the present in vitro study, the osteoblastic cell line MG-63 as well as primary human osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and macrophages were cultured on titanium alloys (forged Ti6Al4V, additive manufactured Ti6Al4V, NiTi, and Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC)-coated NiTi) to verify their specific biocompatibility and inflammatory potential. Additive manufactured Ti6Al4V and NiTi revealed the highest levels of metabolic cell activity. DLC-coated NiTi appeared as a suitable surface for cell growth, showing the highest collagen production. None of the implant materials caused a strong inflammatory response. In general, no distinct cell-specific response could be observed for the materials and surface coating used. In summary, all tested titanium alloys seem to be biologically appropriate for application in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Markhoff
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martin Krogull
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Schulze
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Rotsch
- Department Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Strasse 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sandra Hunger
- Department Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Nöthnitzer Strasse 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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89
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Filova E, Vandrovcova M, Jelinek M, Zemek J, Houdkova J, Kocourek T, Stankova L, Bacakova L. Adhesion and differentiation of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells on chromium-doped diamond-like carbon coatings. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:17. [PMID: 28000113 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films are promising for use in coating orthopaedic, dental and cardiovascular implants. The problem of DLC layers lies in their weak layer adhesion to metal implants. Chromium is used as a dopant for improving the adhesion of DLC films. Cr-DLC layers were prepared by a hybrid technology, using a combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from a graphite target and magnetron sputtering. Depending on the deposition conditions, the concentration of Cr in the DLC layers moved from zero to 10.0 at.%. The effect of DLC layers with 0.0, 0.9, 1.8, 7.3, 7.7 and 10.0 at.% Cr content on the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells was assessed in vitro. The DLC samples that contained 7.7 and 10.0 at.% of Cr supported cell spreading on day 1 after seeding. On day three after seeding, the most apparent vinculin-containing focal adhesion plaques were also found on samples with higher concentrations of chromium. On the other hand, the expression of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase at the mRNA and protein level was the highest on Cr-DLC samples with a lower concentration of Cr (0-1.8 at.%). We can conclude that higher concentrations of chromium supported cell adhesion; however DLC and DLC doped with a lower concentration of chromium supported osteogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Filova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Vandrovcova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Nam. Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zemek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Houdkova
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kocourek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Nam. Sitna 3105, 272 01, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Stankova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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90
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Staruch R, Griffin MF, Butler P. Nanoscale Surface Modifications of Orthopaedic Implants: State of the Art and Perspectives. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:920-938. [PMID: 28217214 PMCID: PMC5299555 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Orthopaedic implants such as the total hip or total knee replacement are examples of surgical interventions with postoperative success rates of over 90% at 10 years. Implant failure is associated with wear particles and pain that requires surgical revision. Improving the implant - bone surface interface is a key area for biomaterial research for future clinical applications. Current implants utilise mechanical, chemical or physical methods for surface modification. Methods: A review of all literature concerning the nanoscale surface modification of orthopaedic implant technology was conducted. Results: The techniques and fabrication methods of nanoscale surface modifications are discussed in detail, including benefits and potential pitfalls. Future directions for nanoscale surface technology are explored. Conclusion: Future understanding of the role of mechanical cues and protein adsorption will enable greater flexibility in surface control. The aim of this review is to investigate and summarise the current concepts and future directions for controlling the implant nanosurface to improve interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rmt Staruch
- Department of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, England
| | - M F Griffin
- Department of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, England
| | - Pem Butler
- Department of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, England; University College London & The Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, England
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91
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Ahnood A, Meffin H, Garrett DJ, Fox K, Ganesan K, Stacey A, Apollo NV, Wong YT, Lichter SG, Kentler W, Kavehei O, Greferath U, Vessey KA, Ibbotson MR, Fletcher EL, Burkitt AN, Prawer S. Diamond Devices for High Acuity Prosthetic Vision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:e1600003. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ahnood
- School of Physics University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Hamish Meffin
- National Vision Research Institute Australian College of Optometry Victoria 3053 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Department of Optometry and Vision Science University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David J. Garrett
- School of Physics University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- School of Physics University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia
| | | | - Alastair Stacey
- School of Physics University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | | | - Yan T. Wong
- National Vision Research Institute Australian College of Optometry Victoria 3053 Australia
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | | | - William Kentler
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Omid Kavehei
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Kirstan A. Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- National Vision Research Institute Australian College of Optometry Victoria 3053 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Department of Optometry and Vision Science University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Erica L. Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Anthony N. Burkitt
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Steven Prawer
- School of Physics University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
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92
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The Potential Role of Graphene in Developing the Next Generation of Endomaterials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3180954. [PMID: 28025640 PMCID: PMC5153502 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3180954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is the first 2-dimensional material and possesses a plethora of original properties. Graphene and its derivatives have exhibited a great potential in a number of fields, both medical and nonmedical. The aim of this review is to set the theoretical basis for further research in developing graphene-based endovascular materials. An extensive search was performed in medical and bioengineering literature. Published data on other carbon materials, as well as limited data from medical use of graphene, are promising. Graphene is a promising future material for developing novel endovascular materials. Certain issues as biocompatibility, biotoxicity, and biostability should be explored further.
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93
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Silva TA, Zanin H, Corat EJ, Fatibello-Filho O. Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol, Codeine and Caffeine on Diamond-like Carbon Porous Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Almeida Silva
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of São Carlos; Rod. Washington Luís km 235 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Hudson Zanin
- Carbon Sci-Tech Labs; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Campinas; Av. Albert Einstein 400 13083-852 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Evaldo José Corat
- National Institute for Space Research; Av. dos Astronautas 1758 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Department of Chemistry; Federal University of São Carlos; Rod. Washington Luís km 235 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
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94
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Jones JE, Yu Q, Chen M. A chemical stability study of trimethylsilane plasma nanocoatings for coronary stents. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 28:15-32. [PMID: 27712432 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1239947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings were deposited onto stainless steel coupons in direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) glow discharges and additional NH3/O2 plasma treatment to tailor the coating surface properties. The chemical stability of the nanocoatings were evaluated after 12 week storage under dry condition (25 °C) and immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. It was found that nanocoatings did not impact surface roughness of underlying stainless steel substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize surface chemistry and compositions. Both DC and RF nanocoatings had Si- and C-rich composition; and the O- and N-contents on the surfaces were substantially increased after NH3/O2 plasma treatment. Contact angle measurements showed that DC-TMS nanocoating with NH3/O2 treatment generated very hydrophilic surfaces. DC-TMS nanocoatings with NH3/O2 treatment showed minimal surface chemistry change after 12 week immersion in SBF. However, nitrogen functionalities on RF-TMS coating with NH3/O2 post treatment were not as stable as in DC case. Cell culture studies revealed that the surfaces with DC coating and NH3/O2 post treatment demonstrated substantially improved proliferation of endothelial cells over the 12 week storage period at both dry and wet conditions, as compared to other coated surfaces. Therefore, DC nanocoatings with NH3/O2 post treatment may be chemically stable for long-term properties, including shelf-life storage and exposure to the bloodstream for coronary stent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Eric Jones
- a Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering , Center for Surface Science and Plasma Technology, University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Qingsong Yu
- a Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering , Center for Surface Science and Plasma Technology, University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Meng Chen
- b Nanova, Inc. , Columbia , MO , USA
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95
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Kim J, Kim S, Jung W. Highly enhanced compatibility of human brain vascular pericyte cells on monolayer graphene. Bioengineered 2016; 8:85-91. [PMID: 27689961 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1227622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a method for increasing the compatibility of human brain vascular pericyte (HBVP) cells on a glass substrate, based on wet transferred monolayer graphene without any treatment. As a novel material, graphene has key properties for incubating cells, such as chemical stability, transparency, appropriate roughness, hydrophobicity and high electrical conductivity. These outstanding properties of graphene were examined by Raman spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The performance of this graphene-based implant was investigated by a cell compatibility test, comparing the growth rate of cells on the graphene surface and that on a bare glass substrate. After an incubation period of 72 h, the number of live HBVP cells on a graphene surface with an area of 1×1 mm2 was 1.83 times greater than that on the glass substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangheon Kim
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsuk Jung
- b Department of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering , Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
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96
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Maybeck V, Schnitker J, Li W, Heuschkel M, Offenhäusser A. An evaluation of extracellular MEA versus optogenetic stimulation of cortical neurons. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/2/5/055017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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97
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Goetz GA, Palanker DV. Electronic approaches to restoration of sight. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:096701. [PMID: 27502748 PMCID: PMC5031080 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by the gradual atrophy of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration. They are designed to reintroduce information into the visual system by electrically stimulating surviving neurons in the retina. This review outlines the concepts and technologies behind two major approaches to retinal prosthetics: epiretinal and subretinal. We describe how the visual system responds to electrical stimulation. We highlight major differences between direct encoding of the retinal output with epiretinal stimulation, and network-mediated response with subretinal stimulation. We summarize results of pre-clinical evaluation of prosthetic visual functions in- and ex vivo, as well as the outcomes of current clinical trials of various retinal implants. We also briefly review alternative, non-electronic, approaches to restoration of sight to the blind, and conclude by suggesting some perspectives for future advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Goetz
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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98
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Cloutier M, Turgeon S, Busby Y, Tatoulian M, Pireaux JJ, Mantovani D. Controlled Distribution and Clustering of Silver in Ag-DLC Nanocomposite Coatings Using a Hybrid Plasma Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21020-21027. [PMID: 27454833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of selected metallic elements into diamond-like carbon (DLC) has emerged as an innovative approach to add unique functional properties to DLC coatings, thus opening up a range of new potential applications in fields as diverse as sensors, tribology, and biomaterials. However, deposition by plasma techniques of metal-containing DLC coatings with well-defined structural properties and metal distribution is currently hindered by the limited understanding of their growth mechanisms. We report here a silver-incorporated diamond-like carbon coating (Ag-DLC) prepared in a hybrid plasma reactor which allowed independent control of the metal content and the carbon film structure and morphology. Morphological and chemical analyses of Ag-DLC films were performed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The vertical distribution of silver from the surface toward the coating bulk was found to be highly inhomogeneous due to top surface segregation and clustering of silver nanoparticles. Two plasma parameters, the sputtered Ag flux and ion energy, were shown to influence the spatial distribution of silver particles. On the basis of these findings, a mechanism for Ag-DLC growth by plasma was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cloutier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, & CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University , Pavillon Pouliot, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP) , 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - S Turgeon
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, & CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University , Pavillon Pouliot, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y Busby
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Spectroscopie Electronique (LISE), University of Namur , 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - M Tatoulian
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP) , 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J-J Pireaux
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Spectroscopie Electronique (LISE), University of Namur , 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - D Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, & CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University , Pavillon Pouliot, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
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Okada S, Shimada J, Ito K, Ishii T, Oshiumi K. Surface-processing technology of a microgrooving and water-repellent coating improves the fusion potential of an ultrasonic energy device. Surg Endosc 2016; 31:887-893. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-5048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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