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Shukla V, Høffding MK, Hoffmann ER. Genome diversity and instability in human germ cells and preimplantation embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:132-147. [PMID: 33500205 PMCID: PMC8097364 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genome diversity is essential for evolution and is of fundamental importance to human health. Generating genome diversity requires phases of DNA damage and repair that can cause genome instability. Humans have a high incidence of de novo congenital disorders compared to other organisms. Recent access to eggs, sperm and preimplantation embryos is revealing unprecedented rates of genome instability that may result in infertility and de novo mutations that cause genomic imbalance in at least 70% of conceptions. The error type and incidence of de novo mutations differ during developmental stages and are influenced by differences in male and female meiosis. In females, DNA repair is a critical factor that determines fertility and reproductive lifespan. In males, aberrant meiotic recombination causes infertility, embryonic failure and pregnancy loss. Evidence suggest germ cells are remarkably diverse in the type of genome instability that they display and the DNA damage responses they deploy. Additionally, the initial embryonic cell cycles are characterized by a high degree of genome instability that cause congenital disorders and may limit the use of CRISPR-Cas9 for heritable genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallari Shukla
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miya Kudo Høffding
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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52
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Kar FM, Hochwagen A. Phospho-Regulation of Meiotic Prophase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667073. [PMID: 33928091 PMCID: PMC8076904 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells undergoing meiosis rely on an intricate network of surveillance mechanisms that govern the production of euploid gametes for successful sexual reproduction. These surveillance mechanisms are particularly crucial during meiotic prophase, when cells execute a highly orchestrated program of chromosome morphogenesis and recombination, which must be integrated with the meiotic cell division machinery to ensure the safe execution of meiosis. Dynamic protein phosphorylation, controlled by kinases and phosphatases, has emerged as one of the main signaling routes for providing readout and regulation of chromosomal and cellular behavior throughout meiotic prophase. In this review, we discuss common principles and provide detailed examples of how these phosphorylation events are employed to ensure faithful passage of chromosomes from one generation to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda M Kar
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Hochwagen
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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53
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Gil-Fernández A, Matveevsky S, Martín-Ruiz M, Ribagorda M, Parra MT, Viera A, Rufas JS, Kolomiets O, Bakloushinskaya I, Page J. Sex differences in the meiotic behavior of an XX sex chromosome pair in males and females of the mole vole Ellobius tancrei: turning an X into a Y chromosome? Chromosoma 2021; 130:113-131. [PMID: 33825031 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-021-00755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination in mammals is usually provided by a pair of chromosomes, XX in females and XY in males. Mole voles of the genus Ellobius are exceptions to this rule. In Ellobius tancrei, both males and females have a pair of XX chromosomes that are indistinguishable from each other in somatic cells. Nevertheless, several studies on Ellobius have reported that the two X chromosomes may have a differential organization and behavior during male meiosis. It has not yet been demonstrated if these differences also appear in female meiosis. To test this hypothesis, we have performed a comparative study of chromosome synapsis, recombination, and histone modifications during male and female meiosis in E. tancrei. We observed that synapsis between the two X chromosomes is limited to the short distal (telomeric) regions of the chromosomes in males, leaving the central region completely unsynapsed. This uneven behavior of sex chromosomes during male meiosis is accompanied by structural modifications of one of the X chromosomes, whose axial element tends to appear fragmented, accumulates the heterochromatin mark H3K9me3, and is associated with a specific nuclear body that accumulates epigenetic marks and proteins such as SUMO-1 and centromeric proteins but excludes others such as H3K4me, ubiH2A, and γH2AX. Unexpectedly, sex chromosome synapsis is delayed in female meiosis, leaving the central region unsynapsed during early pachytene. This region accumulates γH2AX up to the stage in which synapsis is completed. However, there are no structural or epigenetic differences similar to those found in males in either of the two X chromosomes. Finally, we observed that recombination in the sex chromosomes is restricted in both sexes. In males, crossover-associated MLH1 foci are located exclusively in the distal regions, indicating incipient differentiation of one of the sex chromosomes into a neo-Y. Notably, in female meiosis, the central region of the X chromosome is also devoid of MLH1 foci, revealing a lack of recombination, possibly due to insufficient homology. Overall, these results reveal new clues about the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gil-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergey Matveevsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marta Martín-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ribagorda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Parra
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Viera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio S Rufas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oxana Kolomiets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jesús Page
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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54
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Dereli I, Stanzione M, Olmeda F, Papanikos F, Baumann M, Demir S, Carofiglio F, Lange J, de Massy B, Baarends WM, Turner J, Rulands S, Tóth A. Four-pronged negative feedback of DSB machinery in meiotic DNA-break control in mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2609-2628. [PMID: 33619545 PMCID: PMC7969012 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most taxa, halving of chromosome numbers during meiosis requires that homologous chromosomes (homologues) pair and form crossovers. Crossovers emerge from the recombination-mediated repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are generated by SPO11, whose activity requires auxiliary protein complexes, called pre-DSB recombinosomes. To elucidate the spatiotemporal control of the DSB machinery, we focused on an essential SPO11 auxiliary protein, IHO1, which serves as the main anchor for pre-DSB recombinosomes on chromosome cores, called axes. We discovered that DSBs restrict the DSB machinery by at least four distinct pathways in mice. Firstly, by activating the DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ATM, DSBs restrict pre-DSB recombinosome numbers without affecting IHO1. Secondly, in their vicinity, DSBs trigger IHO1 depletion mainly by another DDR kinase, ATR. Thirdly, DSBs enable homologue synapsis, which promotes the depletion of IHO1 and pre-DSB recombinosomes from synapsed axes. Finally, DSBs and three DDR kinases, ATM, ATR and PRKDC, enable stage-specific depletion of IHO1 from all axes. We hypothesize that these four negative feedback pathways protect genome integrity by ensuring that DSBs form without excess, are well-distributed, and are restricted to genomic locations and prophase stages where DSBs are functional for promoting homologue pairing and crossover formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Dereli
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcello Stanzione
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Olmeda
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frantzeskos Papanikos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marek Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sevgican Demir
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Lange
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steffen Rulands
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Pfotenhauer Strasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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55
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Imai Y, Saito K, Takemoto K, Velilla F, Kawasaki T, Ishiguro KI, Sakai N. Sycp1 Is Not Required for Subtelomeric DNA Double-Strand Breaks but Is Required for Homologous Alignment in Zebrafish Spermatocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664377. [PMID: 33842489 PMCID: PMC8033029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes are bound together by the synaptonemal complex, in which two axial elements are connected by transverse filaments and central element proteins. In human and zebrafish spermatocytes, homologous recombination and assembly of the synaptonemal complex initiate predominantly near telomeres. In mice, synapsis is not required for meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) and homolog alignment but is required for DSB repair; however, the interplay of these meiotic events in the context of peritelomeric bias remains unclear. In this study, we identified a premature stop mutation in the zebrafish gene encoding the transverse filament protein Sycp1. In sycp1 mutant zebrafish spermatocytes, axial elements were formed and paired at chromosome ends between homologs during early to mid-zygonema. However, they did not synapse, and their associations were mostly lost in late zygotene- or pachytene-like stages. In sycp1 mutant spermatocytes, γH2AX signals were observed, and Dmc1/Rad51 and RPA signals appeared predominantly near telomeres, resembling wild-type phenotypes. We observed persistent localization of Hormad1 along the axis in sycp1 mutant spermatocytes, while the majority of Iho1 signals appeared and disappeared with kinetics similar to those in wild-type spermatocytes. Notably, persistent Iho1 foci were observed in spo11 mutant spermatocytes, suggesting that Iho1 dissociation from axes occurs in a DSB-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated that Sycp1 is not required for peritelomeric DSB formation but is necessary for complete pairing of homologs in zebrafish meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Imai
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Takemoto
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Fabien Velilla
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawasaki
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Sakai
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
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56
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Li Y, Wu YF, Jiang HW, Khan R, Han QQ, Iqbal F, Jiang XH, Shi QH. The molecular control of meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation and its significance in human infertility. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:555-561. [PMID: 33586697 PMCID: PMC8577252 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is an essential step in gametogenesis which is the key process in sexually reproducing organisms as meiotic aberrations may result in infertility. In meiosis, programmed DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation is one of the fundamental processes that are essential for maintaining homolog interactions and correcting segregation of chromosomes. Although the number and distribution of meiotic DSBs are tightly regulated, still abnormalities in DSB formation are known to cause meiotic arrest and infertility. This review is a detailed account of molecular bases of meiotic DSB formation, its evolutionary conservation, and variations in different species. We further reviewed the mutations of DSB formation genes in association with human infertility and also proposed the future directions and strategies about the study of meiotic DSB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yu-Fan Wu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Han-Wei Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qi-Qi Han
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Hua Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qing-Hua Shi
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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57
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Gil-Fernández A, Saunders PA, Martín-Ruiz M, Ribagorda M, López-Jiménez P, Jeffries DL, Parra MT, Viera A, Rufas JS, Perrin N, Veyrunes F, Page J. Meiosis reveals the early steps in the evolution of a neo-XY sex chromosome pair in the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008959. [PMID: 33180767 PMCID: PMC7685469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes of eutherian mammals are highly different in size and gene content, and share only a small region of homology (pseudoautosomal region, PAR). They are thought to have evolved through an addition-attrition cycle involving the addition of autosomal segments to sex chromosomes and their subsequent differentiation. The events that drive this process are difficult to investigate because sex chromosomes in almost all mammals are at a very advanced stage of differentiation. Here, we have taken advantage of a recent translocation of an autosome to both sex chromosomes in the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides, which has restored a large segment of homology (neo-PAR). By studying meiotic sex chromosome behavior and identifying fully sex-linked genetic markers in the neo-PAR, we demonstrate that this region shows unequivocal signs of early sex-differentiation. First, synapsis and resolution of DNA damage intermediates are delayed in the neo-PAR during meiosis. Second, recombination is suppressed or largely reduced in a large portion of the neo-PAR. However, the inactivation process that characterizes sex chromosomes during meiosis does not extend to this region. Finally, the sex chromosomes show a dual mechanism of association at metaphase-I that involves the formation of a chiasma in the neo-PAR and the preservation of an ancestral achiasmate mode of association in the non-homologous segments. We show that the study of meiosis is crucial to apprehend the onset of sex chromosome differentiation, as it introduces structural and functional constrains to sex chromosome evolution. Synapsis and DNA repair dynamics are the first processes affected in the incipient differentiation of X and Y chromosomes, and they may be involved in accelerating their evolution. This provides one of the very first reports of early steps in neo-sex chromosome differentiation in mammals, and for the first time a cellular framework for the addition-attrition model of sex chromosome evolution. Sex chromosomes seem to evolve and differentiate at different rates in different taxa. The reasons for this variability are still debated. It is well established that recombination suppression around the sex-determining region triggers differentiation, and several studies have investigated this process from a genetic point of view. However, the cellular context in which recombination arrest occurs has received little attention so far. In this report, we show that meiosis, the cellular division in which pairing and recombination between chromosomes takes place, can affect the incipient differentiation of X and Y chromosomes. Combining cytogenetic and genomic approaches, we found that in the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides, which has recently undergone sex chromosome-autosome fusions, synapsis and DNA repair dynamics are disturbed along the newly added region of the sex chromosomes. We argue that these alterations are a by-product of the fusion itself, and cause recombination suppression across a large region of the neo-sex chromosome pair. Therefore, we propose that the meiotic context in which sex or neo-sex chromosomes arise is crucial to understand the very early stages of their differentiation, as it could promote or hinder recombination suppression, and therefore impact the rate at which these chromosomes differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gil-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul A. Saunders
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, ISEM UMR 5554 (CNRS/Université Montpellier/IRD/EPHE), Montpellier, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Martín-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ribagorda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo López-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel L. Jeffries
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - María Teresa Parra
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Viera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio S. Rufas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Veyrunes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, ISEM UMR 5554 (CNRS/Université Montpellier/IRD/EPHE), Montpellier, France
| | - Jesús Page
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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58
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Imai Y, Biot M, Clément JA, Teragaki M, Urbach S, Robert T, Baudat F, Grey C, de Massy B. PRDM9 activity depends on HELLS and promotes local 5-hydroxymethylcytosine enrichment. eLife 2020; 9:57117. [PMID: 33047671 PMCID: PMC7599071 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination starts with the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic locations that correspond to PRDM9-binding sites. The molecular steps occurring from PRDM9 binding to DSB formation are unknown. Using proteomic approaches to find PRDM9 partners, we identified HELLS, a member of the SNF2-like family of chromatin remodelers. Upon functional analyses during mouse male meiosis, we demonstrated that HELLS is required for PRDM9 binding and DSB activity at PRDM9 sites. However, HELLS is not required for DSB activity at PRDM9-independent sites. HELLS is also essential for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) enrichment at PRDM9 sites. Analyses of 5hmC in mice deficient for SPO11, which catalyzes DSB formation, and in PRDM9 methyltransferase deficient mice reveal that 5hmC is triggered at DSB-prone sites upon PRDM9 binding and histone modification, but independent of DSB activity. These findings highlight the complex regulation of the chromatin and epigenetic environments at PRDM9-specified hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Imai
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Biot
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Aj Clément
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariko Teragaki
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Robert
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Baudat
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Grey
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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59
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Fujiwara Y, Horisawa-Takada Y, Inoue E, Tani N, Shibuya H, Fujimura S, Kariyazono R, Sakata T, Ohta K, Araki K, Okada Y, Ishiguro KI. Meiotic cohesins mediate initial loading of HORMAD1 to the chromosomes and coordinate SC formation during meiotic prophase. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009048. [PMID: 32931493 PMCID: PMC7518614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, sister chromatids are organized into axial element (AE), which underlies the structural framework for the meiotic events such as meiotic recombination and homolog synapsis. HORMA domain-containing proteins (HORMADs) localize along AE and play critical roles in the regulation of those meiotic events. Organization of AE is attributed to two groups of proteins: meiotic cohesins REC8 and RAD21L; and AE components SYCP2 and SYCP3. It has been elusive how these chromosome structural proteins contribute to the chromatin loading of HORMADs prior to AE formation. Here we newly generated Sycp2 null mice and showed that initial chromatin loading of HORMAD1 was mediated by meiotic cohesins prior to AE formation. HORMAD1 interacted not only with the AE components SYCP2 and SYCP3 but also with meiotic cohesins. Notably, HORMAD1 interacted with meiotic cohesins even in Sycp2-KO, and localized along cohesin axial cores independently of the AE components SYCP2 and SYCP3. Hormad1/Rad21L-double knockout (dKO) showed more severe defects in the formation of synaptonemal complex (SC) compared to Hormad1-KO or Rad21L-KO. Intriguingly, Hormad1/Rec8-dKO but not Hormad1/Rad21L-dKO showed precocious separation of sister chromatid axis. These findings suggest that meiotic cohesins REC8 and RAD21L mediate chromatin loading and the mode of action of HORMAD1 for synapsis during early meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Horisawa-Takada
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Erina Inoue
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sayoko Fujimura
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Kariyazono
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyonori Sakata
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, the Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis & Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Bondarieva A, Raveendran K, Telychko V, Rao HBDP, Ravindranathan R, Zorzompokou C, Finsterbusch F, Dereli I, Papanikos F, Tränkner D, Schleiffer A, Fei JF, Klimova A, Ito M, Kulkarni DS, Roeder I, Hunter N, Tóth A. Proline-rich protein PRR19 functions with cyclin-like CNTD1 to promote meiotic crossing over in mouse. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3101. [PMID: 32555348 PMCID: PMC7303132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orderly chromosome segregation is enabled by crossovers between homologous chromosomes in the first meiotic division. Crossovers arise from recombination-mediated repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Multiple DSBs initiate recombination, and most are repaired without crossover formation, although one or more generate crossovers on each chromosome. Although the underlying mechanisms are ill-defined, the differentiation and maturation of crossover-specific recombination intermediates requires the cyclin-like CNTD1. Here, we identify PRR19 as a partner of CNTD1. We find that, like CNTD1, PRR19 is required for timely DSB repair and the formation of crossover-specific recombination complexes. PRR19 and CNTD1 co-localise at crossover sites, physically interact, and are interdependent for accumulation, indicating a PRR19-CNTD1 partnership in crossing over. Further, we show that CNTD1 interacts with a cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK2, which also accumulates in crossover-specific recombination complexes. Thus, the PRR19-CNTD1 complex may enable crossover differentiation by regulating CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Bondarieva
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kavya Raveendran
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Telychko
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - H B D Prasada Rao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ramya Ravindranathan
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrysoula Zorzompokou
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Finsterbusch
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ihsan Dereli
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frantzeskos Papanikos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Tränkner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ji-Feng Fei
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Klimova
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Masaru Ito
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dhananjaya S Kulkarni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ingo Roeder
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Ensuring meiotic DNA break formation in the mouse pseudoautosomal region. Nature 2020; 582:426-431. [PMID: 32461690 PMCID: PMC7337327 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosomes in males of most eutherian species share only a diminutive homologous segment, the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), wherein double-strand break (DSB) formation, pairing, and crossing over must occur for correct meiotic segregation1,2. How cells ensure PAR recombination is unknown. Here we delineate an unexpected dynamic ultrastructure of the PAR and identify controlling cis- and trans-acting factors that make this the hottest area of DSB formation in the male mouse genome. Before break formation, multiple DSB-promoting factors hyper-accumulate in the PAR, its chromosome axes elongate, and the sister chromatids separate. These phenomena are linked to heterochromatic mo-2 minisatellite arrays and require MEI4 and ANKRD31 proteins but not axis components REC8 or HORMAD1. We propose that the repetitive PAR sequence confers unique chromatin and higher order structures crucial for recombination. Chromosome synapsis triggers collapse of the elongated PAR structure and, remarkably, oocytes can be reprogrammed to display spermatocyte-like PAR DSB levels simply by delaying or preventing synapsis. Thus, sexually dimorphic behavior of the PAR rests in part on kinetic differences between the sexes for a race between maturation of PAR structure, DSB formation, and completion of pairing and synapsis. Our findings establish a mechanistic paradigm of sex chromosome recombination during meiosis.
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63
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Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics: Review of Novel Loci Associated with Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-020-00182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Usp26 mutation in mice leads to defective spermatogenesis depending on genetic background. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13757. [PMID: 31551464 PMCID: PMC6760205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a reproductive system process that produces sperm. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 26 (USP26) is an X chromosome-linked deubiquitinase that is specifically expressed in the testes. It has long been controversial whether USP26 variants are associated with human male infertility. Thus, in the present study, we introduced a mutation into the Usp26 gene in mice and found that Usp26 mutant males backcrossed to a DBA/2 background, but not a C57BL/6 background, were sterile or subfertile and had atrophic testes. These findings indicate that the effects of the Usp26 mutation on male reproductive capacity were influenced by genetic background. Sperm in the cauda epididymis of Usp26 mutant mice backcrossed to a DBA/2 background were decreased in number and showed a malformed head morphology compared to those of wild-type mice. Additionally, histological examinations of the testes revealed that the number of round and elongated spermatids were dramatically reduced in Usp26 mutant mice. The mutant mice exhibited unsynapsed chromosomes in pachynema and defective chiasma formation in diplonema, which presumably resulted in apoptosis of metaphase spermatocytes and subsequent decrease of spermatids. Taken together, these results indicate that the deficiencies in fertility and spermatogenesis caused by mutation of Usp26 were dependent on genetic background.
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65
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Cyclin B3 is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis. Chromosoma 2019; 128:473-487. [PMID: 31446450 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclins, as regulatory partners of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), control the switch-like cell cycle transitions that orchestrate orderly duplication and segregation of genomes. Compared to mitosis, relatively little is known about how cyclin-CDK complexes control meiosis, the specialized cell division that generates gametes for sexual production. Mouse cyclin B3 was previously shown to have expression restricted to the beginning of meiosis, making it a candidate to regulate meiotic events. Indeed, female mice lacking cyclin B3 are sterile because oocytes arrest at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition of meiosis I. However, whether cyclin B3 functions during spermatogenesis was untested. Here, we found that males lacking cyclin B3 are fertile and show no detectable defects in spermatogenesis based on histological analysis of seminiferous tubules. Cytological analysis further showed no detectable defects in homologous chromosome synapsis or meiotic progression, and suggested that recombination is initiated and completed efficiently. Moreover, absence of cyclin B3 did not exacerbate previously described meiotic defects in mutants deficient for cyclin E2, suggesting a lack of redundancy between these cyclins. Thus, unlike in females, cyclin B3 is not essential for meiosis in males despite its prominent meiosis-specific expression.
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66
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The PSMA8 subunit of the spermatoproteasome is essential for proper meiotic exit and mouse fertility. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008316. [PMID: 31437213 PMCID: PMC6726247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system regulates meiotic recombination in yeast through its association with the synaptonemal complex, a ‘zipper’-like structure that holds homologous chromosome pairs in synapsis during meiotic prophase I. In mammals, the proteasome activator subunit PA200 targets acetylated histones for degradation during somatic DNA double strand break repair and during histone replacement during spermiogenesis. We investigated the role of the testis-specific proteasomal subunit α4s (PSMA8) during spermatogenesis, and found that PSMA8 was localized to and dependent on the central region of the synaptonemal complex. Accordingly, synapsis-deficient mice show delocalization of PSMA8. Moreover, though Psma8-deficient mice are proficient in meiotic homologous recombination, there are alterations in the proteostasis of several key meiotic players that, in addition to the known substrate acetylated histones, have been shown by a proteomic approach to interact with PSMA8, such as SYCP3, SYCP1, CDK1 and TRIP13. These alterations lead to an accumulation of spermatocytes in metaphase I and II which either enter massively into apoptosis or give rise to a low number of aberrant round spermatids that apoptose before histone replacement takes place. Proteins within the cells that are unnecessary or damaged are degraded by a large protein complex named the proteasome. The proteins to be degraded are marked by a small protein called ubiquitin. The addition of a small modification (acetyl group) to some proteins also promotes their degradation by the proteasome. Proteasomal degradation of proteins is an essential mechanism for many developmental programs including gametogenesis, a process whereby a diploid cell produces a haploid cell or gamete (sperm or egg). The mechanism by which this genome reduction occurs is called meiosis. Here, we report the study of a protein, named PSMA8 that is specific for the testis proteasome in vertebrates. Using the mouse as a model, we show that loss of PSMA8 leads to infertility in males. By co-immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectroscopy we identified a large list of novel PSMA8 interacting proteins. We focused our functional analysis on several key meiotic proteins which were accumulated such as SYCP3, SYCP1, CDK1 and TRIP13 in addition to the known substrate of the spermatoproteasome, the acetylated histones. We suggest that the altered accumulation of these important proteins causes a disequilibrium of the meiotic division that produces apoptotic spermatocytes in metaphase I and II and also early spermatids that die soon after reaching this stage.
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Jung M, Wells D, Rusch J, Ahmad S, Marchini J, Myers SR, Conrad DF. Unified single-cell analysis of testis gene regulation and pathology in five mouse strains. eLife 2019; 8:e43966. [PMID: 31237565 PMCID: PMC6615865 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully exploit the potential of single-cell functional genomics in the study of development and disease, robust methods are needed to simplify the analysis of data across samples, time-points and individuals. Here we introduce a model-based factor analysis method, SDA, to analyze a novel 57,600 cell dataset from the testes of wild-type mice and mice with gonadal defects due to disruption of the genes Mlh3, Hormad1, Cul4a or Cnp. By jointly analyzing mutant and wild-type cells we decomposed our data into 46 components that identify novel meiotic gene-regulatory programs, mutant-specific pathological processes, and technical effects, and provide a framework for imputation. We identify, de novo, DNA sequence motifs associated with individual components that define temporally varying modes of gene expression control. Analysis of SDA components also led us to identify a rare population of macrophages within the seminiferous tubules of Mlh3-/- and Hormad1-/- mice, an area typically associated with immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Daniel Wells
- The Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jannette Rusch
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Suhaira Ahmad
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Jonathan Marchini
- The Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon R Myers
- The Wellcome Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Boekhout M, Karasu ME, Wang J, Acquaviva L, Pratto F, Brick K, Eng DY, Xu J, Camerini-Otero RD, Patel DJ, Keeney S. REC114 Partner ANKRD31 Controls Number, Timing, and Location of Meiotic DNA Breaks. Mol Cell 2019; 74:1053-1068.e8. [PMID: 31003867 PMCID: PMC6555648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate the homologous recombination that is crucial for meiotic chromosome pairing and segregation. Here, we unveil mouse ANKRD31 as a lynchpin governing multiple aspects of DSB formation. Spermatocytes lacking ANKRD31 have altered DSB locations and fail to target DSBs to the pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of sex chromosomes. They also have delayed and/or fewer recombination sites but, paradoxically, more DSBs, suggesting DSB dysregulation. Unrepaired DSBs and pairing failures-stochastic on autosomes, nearly absolute on X and Y-cause meiotic arrest and sterility in males. Ankrd31-deficient females have reduced oocyte reserves. A crystal structure defines a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in REC114 and its direct intermolecular contacts with ANKRD31. In vivo, ANKRD31 stabilizes REC114 association with the PAR and elsewhere. Our findings inform a model in which ANKRD31 is a scaffold anchoring REC114 and other factors to specific genomic locations, thereby regulating DSB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Boekhout
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mehmet E Karasu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laurent Acquaviva
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Florencia Pratto
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Brick
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana Y Eng
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - R Daniel Camerini-Otero
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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69
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Morgan AP, Bell TA, Crowley JJ, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F. Instability of the Pseudoautosomal Boundary in House Mice. Genetics 2019; 212:469-487. [PMID: 31028113 PMCID: PMC6553833 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis requires pairing and recombination. In taxa with dimorphic sex chromosomes, pairing between them in the heterogametic sex is limited to a narrow interval of residual sequence homology known as the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). Failure to form the obligate crossover in the PAR is associated with male infertility in house mice (Mus musculus) and humans. Yet despite this apparent functional constraint, the boundary and organization of the PAR is highly variable in mammals, and even between subspecies of mice. Here, we estimate the genetic map in a previously documented expansion of the PAR in the M. musculus castaneus subspecies and show that the local recombination rate is 100-fold higher than the autosomal background. We identify an independent shift in the PAR boundary in the M. musculus musculus subspecies and show that it involves a complex rearrangement, but still recombines in heterozygous males. Finally, we demonstrate pervasive copy-number variation at the PAR boundary in wild populations of M. m. domesticus, M. m. musculus, and M. m. castaneus Our results suggest that the intensity of recombination activity in the PAR, coupled with relatively weak constraints on its sequence, permit the generation and maintenance of unusual levels of polymorphism in the population of unknown functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Morgan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Timothy A Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
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