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Jóźwiak MA, Jóźwiak M, Kozłowski R, Żelezik M. Zooremediation of leachates from municipal waste using Eisenia fetida (SAV.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112871. [PMID: 31465905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leachates from municipal landfills are formed as infiltration waters flowing through the landfill. They contain toxic, dissolved products of biochemical reactions taking place in the deposit. They cause soil and groundwater pollution. It is necessary to take them out of the landfill cover and utilize toxins contained therein, in particular heavy metals. Such processes are conducted with the use of microorganisms. Due to the content of toxic compounds, introducing leachates into the process of biological purification poses a threat to the microorganisms used in these processes. An alternative to microbial co-treatment of sludge and leachate as well as soil contaminated with communal leachate is to use red hybrid of California (Eisenia fetida Sav.), an earthworm resistant to environmental toxins, in particular heavy metals. The aim of the conducted research is to demonstrate the possibility of using red hybrid of California in leachate bioutilization as a complementary or alternative method to the process of leachate utilization with the use of microorganisms. The obtained results led to the conclusion that Eisenia fetida accumulates environmental toxins well. By collecting and processing them in the tissues, it remedies the substrate and retains long life and fertility, and the ability to reproduce. The research demonstrated high dynamics of population growth (from 25 individuals in the initial deposit to 298 individuals after six months of research). These properties are related to the presence of enzyme proteins from the metallothionein group in the gastrointestinal tract cells. Packing heavy metals found in leachates into the metallothionein coat limits their toxic effect on earthworm tissues, which confirms the possibility of using earthworms in the processes of detoxification of municipal leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Jóźwiak
- The Jan Kochanowski University, Department of Environment Protection and Modeling, Kielce, Poland
| | - Rafał Kozłowski
- The Jan Kochanowski University, Department of Environment Protection and Modeling, Kielce, Poland
| | - Monika Żelezik
- The Jan Kochanowski University, Department of Environment Protection and Modeling, Kielce, Poland
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Ariffin M, Zakili TST. Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal in Selangor, Malaysia-Policy, Public Perception, and Current Practices. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 64:509-519. [PMID: 31399770 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although pharmaceuticals treat illnesses and prevent diseases in humans and animals, ironically, they are now among the emerging pollutants in the environment. As individuals continue to consume medicines, households can become a primary source of pharmaceutical pollutants. This paper explains relevant Malaysian law and policy on the issue. Using a questionnaire survey, it also assesses public perception concerning the environmental impact of pharmaceutical waste and the current methods of disposal that are practiced in Selangor. The survey used a convenience sampling and the data collected were analysed using statistical descriptive analysis. Most of the participants were aware that pharmaceutical waste can have an adverse impact on the environment and public health. Half of the participants disposed of their pharmaceutical waste in trash bins. About 2.9% of the respondents poured their household pharmaceutical waste (HPW) directly down the drain, while 8.8% poured them down the sink in the kitchen or toilet. The study also discovered that while 73.8% of the respondents felt that HPW should be separated from other household solid waste, only 25.2% returned their medicinal waste through the medicine return-back programme. The majority of the respondents (82.5%) agreed that information concerning the proper disposal of HPW is insufficient. The study concludes that while the respondents were aware of the adverse impact of HPW, their practices to ensure proper disposal is discouraging. There is a need for effective unwanted medicines return-back programme as a more prudent disposal method of HPW to avoid any risk to the environment or human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariani Ariffin
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tengku Sahbanun Tengku Zakili
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Onyekwelu IL, Aghamelu OP. Impact of organic contaminants from dumpsite leachates on natural water sources in the Enugu Metropolis, southeastern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:543. [PMID: 31388832 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of leachates from a municipal dumpsite on the quality of domestic water sources in the area for potable use. Concentrations of leachate-associated organic contaminants (such as diethyl-phthalate, total organic halogen (TOH); 2,4-dichlorophenol; nonylphenol-ethoxylate; methyl-ethyl-phthalate; borneol; total organic carbon (TOC); total Kjeldahl-nitrogen (TKN); ammonium-nitrogen (NH3-N); nitrate (NO3); nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N); and total phosphorus (TP)) in rivers and groundwater in the Enugu Metropolis in southeastern Nigeria were assessed in this study. Results of laboratory analyses indicate that the average values of diethyl-phthalate, borneol, TOH, nonylphenol-ethoxylate and TOC are 0.08 mg/l, 0.04 mg/l, 1.05 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l and 1.64 mg/l, respectively for groundwater and 0.1 mg/l, 0.03 mg/l, 0.74 mg/l, 0.19 mg/l and 1.74 mg/l, respectively, for rivers. Three (diethyl-phthalate, borneol and TOH) out of these major five contaminants, in both rivers and groundwater, exceeded the maximum permissible limits, suggesting that the domestic water sources are marginally contaminated by the leachates. ANOVA test result suggests that the data sources were significantly variable, while principal component and correlation analyses identified TOH, 2,4-dichlorophenol, TKN, NO3, NO3-N, TP and borneol, which originated most probably from degradation of plastic materials and organic wastes in the dumpsite, as the priority contaminants. Consumption of domestic water sources within the dumpsite area, in untreated state, could lead to health risks as these priority organic contaminants are mostly carcinogenic, toxic and injurious to human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Lindsey Onyekwelu
- Department of Geology and Mining, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 01660, Agbani, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Pius Aghamelu
- Department of Physics, Geology and Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
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Impact of the Biological Cotreatment of the Kalina Pond Leachate on Laboratory Sequencing Batch Reactor Operation and Activated Sludge Quality. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hauling landfill leachate to offsite urban wastewater treatment plants is a way to achieve pollutant removal. However, the implementation of biological methods for the treatment of landfill leachate can be extremely challenging. This study aims to investigate the effect of blending wastewater with 3.5% and 5.5% of the industrial leachate from the Kalina pond (KPL) on the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and capacity of activated sludge microorganisms. The results showed that the removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand declined in the contaminated SBR from 100% to 69% and, subsequently, to 41% after the cotreatment with 3.5% and 5.5% of the pollutant. In parallel, the activities of the dehydrogenases and nonspecific esterases declined by 58% and 39%, and 79% and 81% after 32 days of the exposure of the SBR to 3.5% and 5.5% of the leachate, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the KPL in the sewage affected the sludge microorganisms through a reduction in their functional capacity as well as a decrease in the percentages of the marker fatty acids for different microbial groups. A multifactorial analysis of the parameters relevant for the wastewater treatment process confirmed unambiguously the negative impact of the leachate on the operation, activity, and structure of the activated sludge.
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Ai J, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang H. Treatment of landfill leachate with combined biological and chemical processes: changes in the dissolved organic matter and functional groups. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2225-2231. [PMID: 28859552 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1375015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Leachates contain complicated and hazardous substances that need multiple treatment processes to meet the discharge standards. Few studies have considered the changes in different fractions, based on their molecular weight (MW), of dissolved organic matter, during the different treatment processes. In this study, we investigated the application of a biological method, using sequencing batch reactors, and a chemical method, using the electro-Fenton oxidation process, in combination. The combined treatment, and the electro-Fenton process alone, was applied to a landfill leachate. Samples taken at various points during the treatment processes were fractionated according to their MW using ultra-membranes; this divided the samples into their less biodegradable constituents (0.45 μm: >10 kDa MW), their bio-refractory constituents (10-1 kDa MW) and their biodegradable constituents (<1 kDa MW). The dominant contributors to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the raw leachate comprised the biodegradable constituents (79% of total COD). The COD was reduced to 33.6% and 18.5% of its original levels, by the electro-Fenton process alone and the combined treatment, respectively. Based on the absorption intensities in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, the functional groups in the raw leachate were reduced by the biological treatment, but changed by the electro-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ai
- a Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- a Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
- b School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University , Jingzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yisi Wang
- a Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
- c Hubei Provincial Water Resources and Hydropower Planning Survey and Design Institute , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Daobin Zhang
- a Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Department of Environmental Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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Jayawardhana Y, Gunatilake SR, Mahatantila K, Ginige MP, Vithanage M. Sorptive removal of toluene and m-xylene by municipal solid waste biochar: Simultaneous municipal solid waste management and remediation of volatile organic compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:323-330. [PMID: 30870672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solution using Municipal solid waste biochar (MSW-BC) has been evaluated. Municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed in an onsite pyrolyzer around 450 °C with a holding time of 30 min for the production of biochar (BC). Physiochemical properties of BC were assessed based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis. Adsorption capacities for the VOCs (m-xylene and toluene) were examined by batch sorption experiments. Analysis indicated high loading of m-xylene and toluene in landfill leachates from different dump sites. The FTIR analysis corroborates with the Boehm titration data whereas XRF data demonstrated negligible amounts of trace metals in MSW-BC to be a potential sorbent. Adsorption isotherm exhibited properties of both Langmuir and Freundlich which is indicative of a non-ideal monolayer adsorption process taking place. Langmuir adsorption capacities were high as 850 and 550 μg/g for toluene and m-xylene respectively. The conversion of MSW to a value added product provided a feasible means of solid waste management. The produced MSW-BC was an economical adsorbent which demonstrated a strong ability for removing VOCs. Hence, MSW-BC can be used as a landfill cover or a permeable reactive barrier material to treat MSW leachate. Thus, the conversion of MSW to BC becomes an environmentally friendly and economical means of solid waste remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Jayawardhana
- Environmental Chemodynamics Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameera R Gunatilake
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, CO, 10107, Sri Lanka
| | - Kushani Mahatantila
- Chemical and Microbiological Laboratory, Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka
| | - Maneesha P Ginige
- CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO, 10250, Sri Lanka.
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57
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AlSaleem SS, Zahid WM, Alnashef IM, Haider H. Destruction of environmentally hazardous halogenated hydrocarbons in stable ionic liquids with superoxide ion radical. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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58
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Przydatek G. The analysis of the possibility of using biological tests for assessment of toxicity of leachate from an active municipal landfill. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:94-101. [PMID: 30772780 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the consequence of municipal waste deposition is the production of landfill leachate. Its volume and composition is determined by numerous factors, including waste composition, landfill age and the volume of precipitation. Leachate may contain a number of mineral and organic compounds, the volume of which must be controlled regularly. One of the methods of determining the toxicity of substances contained in landfill leachate is the use of biological tests, based - among others - on aquatic organisms sensitive to environmental contamination. The purpose of this study was to analyse the possibility of using ecotoxicological tests (supplementing the physical and chemical tests) for the purpose of assessment of landfill leachate toxicity. The tests were conducted at an operating municipal landfill in Stary Sącz (southern Małopolska Region, Poland N: 49°55'33"76, E: 20°65'68'70) from December 2015 to October 2016. The scope of the tests included the analysis of physical and chemical indicators as part of the landfill monitoring process, and also the analysis of additional selected indicators: namely the boron, barium and vanadium content. The selected ecotoxicological tests included tests using Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea). Leachate tests conducted with the use of physical and chemical indicators have, for nearly twenty years, mainly demonstrated changes related to the age of the used landfill; besides increased boron and barium values, no evident contamination has been found, excluding the case of boron. However, a statistically significant correlation between the B and Ba contents and the amount of precipitation was determined. In two cases, the used biological tests have confirmed the toxicity of the leachate: in January and June 2016. In the same months, the highest and abnormal boron contents were measured, which could cause a toxic effect of leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Przydatek
- Engineering Institute, State University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Zamenhofa 1a St., 33-300, Nowy Sącz, Poland.
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59
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Costa AM, Alfaia RGDSM, Campos JC. Landfill leachate treatment in Brazil - An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:110-116. [PMID: 30471544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) presents an ever increasing and more complex challenge in global terms. The disposal of MSW in landfills generates leachate, a liquid highly polluting to the aquatic environment. This review describes the state-of-the-art approaches to treatments applied to leachate in Brazil, highlighting the new technologies and alternatives that are still in the research phase, and compares the leachate treatment technologies applied around the world with the current scenario in Brazil. In Brazilian landfills, along with other technologies, the biological process is commonly applied, since this is a simple and economical approach and often it is the only technique used in small municipalities. The sanitary landfills in large Brazilian cities located in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, invest in or outsource landfill activities, where apply advanced treatment technologies, such as membrane filtration. The use of membrane filtration technology in these cases reveals similarities with leachate treatments applied in the developed countries of North America and Europe. Brazilian researchers have highlighted the need to use efficient and economically viable technologies for the treatment of leachate in Brazilian landfills. However, the current scenario of MSW management in Brazil shows deficiencies related to the monitoring of sanitary landfills and limited information is available on the performance of leachate treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne Moraes Costa
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 149 Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue, Room E206, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Juacyara Carbonelli Campos
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 149 Athos da Silveira Ramos Avenue, Room E206, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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60
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Alabi OA, Sorungbe AA, Adeoluwa YM. In vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity of raw and simulated leachates from plastic waste dumpsite. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:403-410. [PMID: 30714479 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1566426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Increase in production of different types of plastics has led to increase in the amount of plastic waste generation worldwide. The chemical constituents of these plastic wastes have made their disposal an important economic and environmental health problem globally. This study assessed the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of plastic waste dumpsite raw and simulated leachates using the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, and the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. Physico-chemical parameters and organic constituents of the leachates were also analyzed. The result of the Ames test showed that the leachates are mutagenic even at low concentration. Also, the TA100 strain was the more responsive strain in terms of mutagenic index in the absence of metabolic activation. The SOS chromotest results complimented the Ames Salmonella fluctuation test results. Nevertheless, the E. coli PQ37 system was slightly more sensitive than the Salmonella assay for detecting mutagens and genotoxins in the tested leachates. Generally, simulated leachate showed a higher mutagenicity and genotoxicity than the raw leachate. Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, PBDEs, PAHs, PCBs, and Bisphenol A contents analyzed in the leachates were believed to play significant role in the observed mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the microbial assays. These data showed that plastic waste constituents are capable of inducing DNA damage in exposed organisms and might induce similar damage in plants, animals and humans exposed to it, hence, great care should be taken to eliminate indiscriminate disposal of plastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okunola A Alabi
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
| | - Adewale A Sorungbe
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
| | - Yetunde M Adeoluwa
- a Department of Biology , Federal University of Technology , Akure , Ondo State , Nigeria
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Scandelai APJ, Sloboda Rigobello E, Oliveira BLCD, Tavares CRG. Identification of organic compounds in landfill leachate treated by advanced oxidation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:730-741. [PMID: 29160760 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1405079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are considered to be complex effluents of a variable composition containing many biorecalcitrant and highly toxic compounds. Considering the shortage of studies concerning the treatment of landfill leachates using ozone, as well as its combination with catalysts, the aim of this paper was to identify the organic compounds in this effluent treated with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) of ozonation (O3), and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation with TiO2 (O3/TiO2) and with ZnO (O3/ZnO). In addition, this study sought to assess the efficiency of the removal of the organic matter present in the leachate. For the pre- and post-AOPs, the leachate was characterized through physicochemical parameters and identification of organic compounds using gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The three processes studied (O3, O3/TiO2, and O3/ZnO) presented color removal, turbidity, BOD above 95%, and lower COD removals (19%, 24%, and 33%, respectively). All AOPs studied promoted a similar reduction of organic compounds from leachate, some of which with toxic and carcinogenic potential, such as p-cresol, bisphenol A, atrazine, and hexazinone. In addition, upon the removal of organic matter and organic compounds, the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation processes proved more efficient than the process carried out only with ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliane Sloboda Rigobello
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
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Hu L, Long Y. Zinc leaching behavior in semi-aerobic landfill. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:29-36. [PMID: 28876171 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1377293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste landfills require continuous monitoring because that the environmental change may trigger sudden release of heavy metals and need special care. In this research, three simulated landfills with different operation modes were used to investigate the behavior of Zn during the decomposition process. It is difficult to evaluate the effects of landfill operating modes on the release of heavy metals because the Zn concentration variation in leachate is similar in all three landfill types. However, the cumulative amount of Zn leached differed significantly with the landfill degradation degree. Zn can continuously leach from the traditional anaerobic landfill but relatively well retain in the semi-aerobic landfill. Leachate recirculation and air exposure not only promote the landfill stabilization process, but also obviously lower the risk of Zn pollution in the leachate by transforming it from unstable fractions to the more stable one, the residual fraction. Although heavy metal experiences vertical migration within the landfill, the transformation process retains it in the refuse and avoids its sudden release. The release of the most active fraction of Zn can be neglected during the rapid degradation stage and the most stable fraction of Zn can always be maintained at a positive level in all landfill modes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- a College of Quality and Safety Engineering , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Long
- b Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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63
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Vongdala N, Tran HD, Xuan TD, Teschke R, Khanh TD. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Water, Soil, and Plants of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Vientiane, Laos. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E22. [PMID: 30577663 PMCID: PMC6339154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Vientiane, Laos, which receives > 300 tons of waste daily, of which approximately 50% is organic matter, has caused serious environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulated levels of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in water (surface and groundwater), soil, and plants between dry and wet seasons according to the standards of the Agreement on the National Environmental Standards of Laos (ANESs), Dutch Pollutant Standards (DPSs), and the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. Although no impact of pollution on the surface water was observed, the levels of Cr and Pb in the groundwater significantly exceeded the basics of ANESs and WHO in both seasons. The pollution caused by Cd and Cu reached the eco-toxicological risk level in the landfill soils and its vicinity. The vegetable Ipomoea aquatica, which is consumed by the nearby villagers, was seriously contaminated by Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn, as the accumulation of these toxic metals was elevated to much greater levels as compared to the WHO standards. For the grass Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), the quantities of HMs in all plant parts were extreme, perhaps due to the deeper growth of its rhizome than I. aquatica. This study is the first to warn of serious HM pollution occurring in the water, soil, and plants in the MSW landfill of Vientiane, Laos, which requires urgent phytoremediation. The indication of what sources from the MSW principally cause the pollution of HMs is needed to help reduce the toxicological risks on Lao residents and the environment in Vientiane as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noudeng Vongdala
- Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 702000, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate school for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Germany.
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong, Tu Liem, Hanoi 123000, Vietnam.
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64
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Bilardi S, Calabrò PS, Greco R, Moraci N. Selective removal of heavy metals from landfill leachate by reactive granular filters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:335-341. [PMID: 29981981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pre-treatment of landfill leachate prior to its co-treatment in the municipal plants of waste water processing could represent an appropriate and cost-effective solution for its management. Pre-treatment is necessary especially to remove heavy metals, which may be transferred to the excess sludge preventing its valorisation. In the present paper, we propose a chemical-physical pre-treatment of leachate using four different granular reactive media able to selectively remove the contaminants present in the leachate. The efficiency of these materials was investigated using synthetic leachate through batch tests and a column test. In the latter case the four materials were placed in two columns connected in series and fed an under constant upward flow (0.5 mL/min). The first column was filled half (50 cm) with a granular mixture of zero valent iron (ZVI) and pumice and half (50 cm) with a granular mixture of ZVI and granular activated carbon (GAC). The second column, which was fed with the effluent of the first column, was filled half with zeolite (chabazite) and half with GAC. Heavy metals were mainly removed by the ZVI/pumice and ZVI/GAC steps with a removal efficiency that was higher than 98, 94 and 90% for copper, nickel and zinc, respectively, after 70 days of operation. Ammonium was removed by zeolite with a removal efficiency of 99% up to 23 days. The average reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was of 40% for 85 days, whereas chloride and sulphate removal was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bilardi
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Paolo S Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Rosa Greco
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Nicola Moraci
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environment and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Carriero G, Neri L, Famulari D, Di Lonardo S, Piscitelli D, Manco A, Esposito A, Chirico A, Facini O, Finardi S, Tinarelli G, Prandi R, Zaldei A, Vagnoli C, Toscano P, Magliulo V, Ciccioli P, Baraldi R. Composition and emission of VOC from biogas produced by illegally managed waste landfills in Giugliano (Campania, Italy) and potential impact on the local population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:377-386. [PMID: 29864655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition in Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) of the biogas produced by seven landfills of Giugliano (Naples, Campania, Italy) was determined and VOC emission rates assessed to verify if these compounds represent a potential threat to the population living nearby. VOC composition in the biogas could not be predicted, as heterogeneous waste was dumped from the late 1980s to the early 2000s and then underwent biological degradation. No data are available on the amount and composition of VOC in the biogas before the landfills closure as no operational biogas collection system was present. In this study, VOC composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), after collecting samples from collection pipes and from soil fractures in cover soil or capping. Individual VOC were quantified and data compared with those collected at two landfills in Latium, when they were still in operation. Relevant differences were observed, mainly due to waste aging, but no specific VOC revealing toxic waste dumping was found, although the concurrent presence of certain compounds suggested that dumping of industrial wastes might have occurred. The average VOC emission was assessed and a dispersion model was run to find out if the emitted plume could affect the health of population. The results suggested that fugitive emissions did not represent a serious danger, since the concentrations simulated at the neighboring cities were below the threshold limits for acute and chronic diseases. However, VOC plume could cause annoyance at night when the steady state conditions of the atmosphere enhance pollutants accumulation in the lower layers. In addition, some of the emitted VOC, such as alkylbenzenes and monoterpenes, can contribute to tropospheric ozone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carriero
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Neri
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Famulari
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Sara Di Lonardo
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Daniela Piscitelli
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Antonio Manco
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Adriano Chirico
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Facini
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Zaldei
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Piero Toscano
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- CNR-ISAFOM, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, NA, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ciccioli
- CNR-IMC, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, via Salaria 0015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - Rita Baraldi
- CNR-IBIMET, Istituto di Biometeorologia, via Piero Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Aziz A, Agamuthu P, Fauziah SH. Removal of bisphenol A and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol from landfill leachate using plant- based coagulant. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2018; 36:975-984. [PMID: 30058954 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x18790360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate contain persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely, bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, which exceed the permissible limits. Thus, such landfill leachate must be treated before it is released into natural water courses. This article reports on investigations about the removal efficiency of POPs such as BPA and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol from leachate using locust bean gum (LBG) in comparison with alum. The vital experimental variables (pH, coagulant dosage and stirring speed) were optimised by applying response surface methodology equipped with the Box-Behnken design to reduce the POPs from leachate. An empirical quadratic polynomial model could accurately model the surface response with R2 values of 0.928 and 0.954 to reduce BPA and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on treated flocs for further understanding. FTIR analysis revealed that the bridging of pollutant particles could be due to the explicit adsorption and bridging via hydrogen bonding of a coagulation mechanism. SEM micrographs indicated that the flocs produced by LBG have a rough cloudy surface and numerous micro-pores compared with alum, which enabled the capture and removal of POPs from leachate. Results showed that the reduction efficiencies for BPA and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol at pH 7.5 were 76% and 84% at LBG dosage of 500 mg·L-1 and 400 mg·L-1, respectively. Coagulant dosage and pH variation have a significant effect on POPs reduction in leachate. Coagulation/flocculation using LBG could be applied for POPs reduction in leachate as a pre-treatment prior to advanced treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aziz
- 1 Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
- 2 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 3 Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Agamuthu
- 2 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 3 Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S H Fauziah
- 2 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 3 Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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67
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López A, Calero T, Lobo A. Mathematical simulation to improve municipal solid waste leachate management: a closed landfill case. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28169-28184. [PMID: 30073593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an example of the application of simulation tools to estimate the post-closure evolution of leachate in a non-hazardous waste landfill. The objective of this work is to predict the behavior of leachate after the closure of the landfill for use as basic information with which to design the leachate management strategy in the following years. The MODUELO 4.0 mathematical landfill simulation software package was used for this purpose. The results of the simulation show that the concentrations in the leachate increase during the post-closure period, from values close to 2200 mg/L of COD and 1500 mg/L of NH4+ at the time of landfill closure to 3200 mg/L of COD and 5300 mg/L of NH4+ 20 years later. This increase is mainly due to the reduction in the flows, from 105 to 17 m3/day on average, since the surface lining was installed. Consequently, pollutant fluxes decrease to values below 100 kg/day in both COD and NH4+ 3 months after closure. This evolution indicates that the management of this leachate will be simpler in the future, especially if it is co-treated with urban wastewater, as its contribution decreases. On the other hand, external water connections to the leachate collectors may cause a relevant increase in the volume of the global landfill effluent. Controlling runoff management and underground infiltrations could lead to important savings in leachate treatment during the aftercare phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López
- Department of Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques, Environmental Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. De los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Calero
- Department of Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques, Environmental Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. De los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Amaya Lobo
- Department of Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques, Environmental Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, Avda. De los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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68
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Sharma P, Melkania U. Effect of phenolic compounds on hydrogen production from municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:115-123. [PMID: 32559894 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of phenolic inhibitors viz. m-cresol, pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A, and catechol on hydrogen production from anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste. Various concentration range of phenolic compounds (0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10 and 25 mg/L) was applied. The results revealed that the inhibition coefficient of pentachlorophenol was highest among all the inhibitors resulting in lowest hydrogen production and yield. In control, the cumulative hydrogen production was 227.9 ± 10.5 mL which declined to a minimum of 93.4 ± 10.1 mL, 36.4 ± 10.1 mL, 58.9 ± 10.4 mL and 85.8 ± 10.3 mL for experimental batches supplemented with m-cresol, pentachlorophenol, bisphenol-A and catechol respectively. The corresponding decline in the hydrogen yield was 28.0%, 43.8%, 37.1% and 31.8% respectively. Further analysis revealed that inhibitors were completely removed up to a concentration not exceeding 0.25 mg/L. However, at higher concentrations, inhibitors removal efficiency was declined. COD removal efficiency was also negatively affected by inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Uma Melkania
- Department of Environmental Science, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
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69
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Vidulin V, Šmuc T, Džeroski S, Supek F. The evolutionary signal in metagenome phyletic profiles predicts many gene functions. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:129. [PMID: 29991352 PMCID: PMC6040064 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of many genes is still not known even in model organisms. An increasing availability of microbiome DNA sequencing data provides an opportunity to infer gene function in a systematic manner. RESULTS We evaluated if the evolutionary signal contained in metagenome phyletic profiles (MPP) is predictive of a broad array of gene functions. The MPPs are an encoding of environmental DNA sequencing data that consists of relative abundances of gene families across metagenomes. We find that such MPPs can accurately predict 826 Gene Ontology functional categories, while drawing on human gut microbiomes, ocean metagenomes, and DNA sequences from various other engineered and natural environments. Overall, in this task, the MPPs are highly accurate, and moreover they provide coverage for a set of Gene Ontology terms largely complementary to standard phylogenetic profiles, derived from fully sequenced genomes. We also find that metagenomes approximated from taxon relative abundance obtained via 16S rRNA gene sequencing may provide surprisingly useful predictive models. Crucially, the MPPs derived from different types of environments can infer distinct, non-overlapping sets of gene functions and therefore complement each other. Consistently, simulations on > 5000 metagenomes indicate that the amount of data is not in itself critical for maximizing predictive accuracy, while the diversity of sampled environments appears to be the critical factor for obtaining robust models. CONCLUSIONS In past work, metagenomics has provided invaluable insight into ecology of various habitats, into diversity of microbial life and also into human health and disease mechanisms. We propose that environmental DNA sequencing additionally constitutes a useful tool to predict biological roles of genes, yielding inferences out of reach for existing comparative genomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Vidulin
- Faculty of Information Studies, 8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia
- Division of Electronics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Šmuc
- Division of Electronics, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sašo Džeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fran Supek
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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70
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Gutberlet J, Uddin SMN. Household waste and health risks affecting waste pickers and the environment in low- and middle-income countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 23:299-310. [PMID: 29924702 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2018.1484996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Household waste has evolved into a core urban challenge, with increased quantities of waste being generated and with more complex material compositions, often containing toxic and hazardous elements. Critical systems theory understands cities as urban metabolisms, with different material and energy flows, highlighting the circularity in production, consumption, and discard. Waste pickers in low- and medium-income countries work on dumps and landfills, sifting through highly contaminated household waste and are exposed to health hazards. This paper discusses the risk factors, hazards, and vulnerabilities waste pickers are exposed to during collection and separation of recyclables, based on the review of literature on waste and environmental health and on findings from participatory research with waste pickers conducted in Brazil. We take a social and environmental justice perspective and identify the vulnerabilities and waste-borne hazards of household waste, associated with these workers, their communities, watersheds, and the environment. Household waste, although not always per se toxic or hazardous, can become a hazard if not collected or inadequately managed. Those communities where household waste is not collected or waste collection is insufficient are the most critical places. Informal and organized waste pickers, municipal or private waste collectors/workers, small waste traders and sometimes residents, particularly small children, may be considered vulnerable if exposed to waste-borne hazards. The results include recommendations to address household waste-borne hazards and vulnerabilities, according to waste workers involved in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Gutberlet
- a Department of Geography , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
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71
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Bayard R, Benbelkacem H, Gourdon R, Buffière P. Characterization of selected municipal solid waste components to estimate their biodegradability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:4-12. [PMID: 28506668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatments of Residual Municipal Solid Waste (RMSW) allow to divert biodegradable materials from landfilling and recover valuable alternative resources. The biodegradability of the waste components needs however to be assessed in order to design the bioprocesses properly. The present study investigated complementary approaches to aerobic and anaerobic biotests for a more rapid evaluation. A representative sample of residual MSW was collected from a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant and sorted out into 13 fractions according to the French standard procedure MODECOM™. The different fractions were analyzed for organic matter content, leaching behavior, contents in biochemical constituents (determined by Van Soest's acid detergent fiber method), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Bio-Methane Potential (BMP). Experimental data were statistically treated by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Cumulative oxygen consumption from BOD tests and cumulative methane production from BMP tests were found to be positively correlated in all waste fractions. No correlation was observed between the results from BOD or BMP bioassays and the contents in cellulose-like, hemicelluloses-like or labile organic compounds. No correlation was observed either with the results from leaching tests (Soluble COD). The contents in lignin-like compounds, evaluated as the non-extracted RES fraction in Van Soest's method, was found however to impact negatively the biodegradability assessed by BOD or BMP tests. Since cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are the polymers responsible for the structuration of lignocellulosic complexes, it was concluded that the structural organization of the organic matter in the different waste fractions was more determinant on biodegradability than the respective contents in individual biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bayard
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP Laboratory, EA7429, F-69621, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - H Benbelkacem
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP Laboratory, EA7429, F-69621, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - R Gourdon
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP Laboratory, EA7429, F-69621, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - P Buffière
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP Laboratory, EA7429, F-69621, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Characterization of Landfill Leachates and Sediments in Major Cities of Indochina Peninsular Countries—Heavy Metal Partitioning in Municipal Solid Waste Leachate. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5060065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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73
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Zhao R, Feng J, Yin X, Liu J, Fu W, Berendonk TU, Zhang T, Li X, Li B. Antibiotic resistome in landfill leachate from different cities of China deciphered by metagenomic analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:126-139. [PMID: 29407646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High throughput sequencing-based metagenomic analysis and network analysis were applied to investigate the broad-spectrum profiles of ARGs in landfill leachate from 12 cities in China. In total, 526 ARG subtypes belonging to 21 ARG types were detected with abundances ranging from 1.1 × 10-6 to 2.09 × 10-1 copy of ARG/copy of 16S rRNA gene. 68 ARG subtypes that accounted for 73.4%-93.4% of the total ARG abundances were shared by all leachate samples. The four most abundant ARGs, sul1, sul2, aadA and bacA can be served as ARG indicators to quantitatively predict the total abundances by linear functions (r2 = 0.577-0.819, P < 0.001). No distinct regional distribution pattern of the ARGs was observed among different cities in China, while the ARG compositions of the leachate were clearly distinct from those of other environmental sample types. Nearly 90% ARG subtypes in the anaerobic digestion sludge from sewage treatment plants (STPADS) were shared by the leachate and the abundances of leachate and STPADS ARGs generalists accounted for 84.5% and 87.7% of total abundances in these two types of anaerobic samples, respectively. Furthermore, Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition might be the determining factor of ARG compositions in landfill leachate. ARGs within the same type or among the different types showed higher incidences of non-random co-occurrence and 17 genera might be potential hosts of multiple ARGs. This study highlighted that landfill leachate is an important reservoir of various ARGs and provided a useful reference for the surveillance and risk management of ARGs in landfill environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaole Yin
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wang Y, Gong B, Lin Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhou J. Robustness and microbial consortia succession of simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification (SNAD) process for mature landfill leachate treatment under low temperature. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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75
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Nayanthika IVK, Jayawardana DT, Bandara NJGJ, Manage PM, Madushanka RMTD. Effective use of iron-aluminum rich laterite based soil mixture for treatment of landfill leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 74:347-361. [PMID: 29336953 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate poses environmental threats worldwide and causes severe issues on adjacent water bodies and soil by direct discharge. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the efficient use of compost and laterite mixtures (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% compost/laterite) on leachate treatment and to investigate the associated removal efficiencies under different sorption processes. Therefore, in the experimental design, laterite is used for providing adsorption characteristics, and compost for activating biological properties of the filter. The filtering process is continued until major physical changes occur in the filter at approximately 100 days. The raw leachate used for the experiment shows higher average values for many analyzed parameters. Parameters for the experiment are selected based on their availability in raw leachate in the Sri Lanka. During filtering, removal efficiencies of BOD (>90%), COD (>85%), phosphate (>90%) and nitrate (75-95%) show higher values for all filters. These removals are mainly associated with biodegradation, which is activated by the added compost. Perhaps the removal of nitrate steadily increases with time, which indicates in denitrification by the added excess carbon from the leachate. The removal of total suspended solids (TSS) is moderate to high, but conversely, the electric conductivity (EC) is unsteady, indicating an association between iron exchange and carbonate degradation. A very high removal efficiency is reported in Fe (90-100%), and wide ranges of efficiencies in Mn (30-90%), Cu (45-85%), Ni (30-93%), Cd (37-98%), Zn (15-98%), and Pb (35-98%) involve heterogeneous sorption processes. Furthermore, the normalization of raw leachate by the liquid filtrate has apparent improvements. The differences (p > .05) in removal efficiencies between the filters are significant. It can be concluded that the filter with laterite mixed with 20% of compost has the optimum conditions. Further, the Fourier-transforminfrared (FT-IR) models for filter media conclude multiple sorptions and reveal evidence on vacant sites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate secondary minerals gibbsite, hematite, goethite and kaolinite as the major minerals that involved on the sorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V K Nayanthika
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - D T Jayawardana
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - N J G J Bandara
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Zoology, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - P M Manage
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - R M T D Madushanka
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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76
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Zainun MY, Simarani K. Metagenomics profiling for assessing microbial diversity in both active and closed landfills. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:269-278. [PMID: 29117585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The municipal landfill is an example of human-made environment that harbours some complex diversity of microorganism communities. To evaluate this complexity, the structures of bacterial communities in active (operational) and closed (non-operational) landfills in Malaysia were analysed with culture independent metagenomics approaches. Several points of soil samples were collected from 0 to 20cm depth and were subjected to physicochemical test, such as temperature, pH, and moisture content. In addition, the heavy metal contamination was determined by using ICPMS. The bacterial enumeration was examined on nutrient agar (NA) plates aerobically at 30°C. The soil DNA was extracted, purified and amplified prior to sequence the 16S rRNA gene for statistical and bioinformatics analyses. As a result, the average of bacteria for the closed landfill was higher compared to that for the active landfill at 9.16×107 and 1.50×107, respectively. The higher bacterial OTUs sequenced was also recorded in closed landfills compared to active landfill i.e. 6625 and 4552 OTUs respectively. The data from both landfills showed that the predominant phyla belonged to Proteobacteria (55.7%). On average, Bacteroidetes was the second highest phylum followed by Firmicutes for the active landfill. While the phyla for communities in closed landfill were dominated by phyla from Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. There was also Euryarchaeota (Archaea) which became a minor phylum that was detected in active landfill, but almost completely absent in closed landfill. As such, the composition of bacterial communities suggests some variances between the bacterial communities found in active and closed landfills. Thus, this study offers new clues pertaining to bacterial diversity pattern between the varied types of landfills studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Yusof Zainun
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khanom Simarani
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Research in Waste Management, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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77
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Di Maria F, Sisani F, Contini S, Ghosh SK. Impact of different schemes for treating landfill leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:255-266. [PMID: 29100922 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Different technological schemes for treating the leachate generated by an existing landfill were compared in a life cycle perspective. On-site advanced processes based on reverse osmosis and evaporation were compared to conventional off-site co-treatment with civil sewage in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The inventories of the different scenarios were built by both direct observation of existing facilities and by retrieving data from the literature and similar equipment. Particular care was given for evaluating the energetic and chemical needs for operating the on-site advanced treatments. The evaporation system required 40 kW h/m3 of electricity and 18.5 kW h/m3 of heat, whereas reverse osmosis needed only 8.5 kW h/m3 of electricity. On the other hand the amount of liquid concentrate returned by the evaporation system was only about 0.03 m3/m3 instead of about 0.30 m3/m3 returned by reverse osmosis. The evaporation system also consumed the highest amount of chemicals. Life cycle analysis showed that the impact categories most affected by the different options were human toxicity, both non-cancer and cancer, together with freshwater ecotoxicity. The uncertainty analysis highlighted the major contribution associated with direct emissions from the processes. On the basis of mean values, the qualitative trends were substantially confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Maria
- LAR(5) Laboratory - Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy; CIMIS, via G. Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Federico Sisani
- LAR(5) Laboratory - Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy; CIMIS, via G. Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Contini
- LAR(5) Laboratory - Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sadhan K Ghosh
- Jadavpur University, Prayukti Bhawan, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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78
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Cuartas M, López A, Pérez F, Lobo A. Analysis of landfill design variables based on scientific computing. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:287-300. [PMID: 29110939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The optimal design of waste landfills is a complex, still unsolved issue. Each design variable influences the rest and it is difficult to quantify their interactions. Recent advances in scientific computing, however, allow this problem to be approached from a new perspective. Thus, in this paper a new method is proposed for the analysis and optimization of design variables in waste landfills. This method is based on the computer simulation of multiple models and the systematic analysis of the resulting data to extract knowledge. It can be extended to the optimization of other complex systems with a direct impact on the environment. Its efficacy is tested by studying the effect of five common design variables on landfill hydrology. The main results show the benefits of temporary surface lining and intermediate covers on the volume of leachate generated. Intermediate covers, however, may jeopardize landfill stability and significantly affect the variability of the leachate flow. The case studied demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed method to improve the design and operation of waste landfills. It also shows the need to analyse multiple scenarios in order to generalize the conclusions obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cuartas
- Information Technologies Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cantabria, Avd. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Ana López
- Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Science and Techniques of Water and the Environment, University of Cantabria, Avd. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez
- Information Technologies Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cantabria, Avd. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Amaya Lobo
- Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Science and Techniques of Water and the Environment, University of Cantabria, Avd. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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79
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Mishra H, Karmakar S, Kumar R, Kadambala P. A long-term comparative assessment of human health risk to leachate-contaminated groundwater from heavy metal with different liner systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2911-2923. [PMID: 29147980 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The handling and management of municipal solid waste (MSW) are major challenges for solid waste management in developing countries. Open dumping is still the most common waste disposal method in India. However, landfilling also causes various environmental, social, and human health impacts. The generation of heavily polluted leachate is a major concern to public health. Engineered barrier systems (EBSs) are commonly used to restrict potentially harmful wastes by preventing the leachate percolation to groundwater and overflow to surface water bodies. The EBSs are made of natural (e.g., soil, clay) and/or synthetic materials such as polymeric materials (e.g., geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners) by arranging them in layers. Various studies have estimated the human health risk from leachate-contaminated groundwater. However, no studies have been reported to compare the human health risks, particularly due to the leachate contamination with different liner systems. The present study endeavors to quantify the human health risk to contamination from MSW landfill leachate using multiple simulations for various EBSs. To quantify the variation in health risks to groundwater consumption to the child and adult populations, the Turbhe landfill of Navi Mumbai in India has been selected. The leachate and groundwater samples were collected continuously throughout January-September in 2015 from the landfill site, and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma system. The LandSim 2.5 Model, a landfill simulator, was used to simulate the landfill activities for various time slices, and non-carcinogenic human health risk was determined for selected heavy metals. Further, the uncertainties associated with multiple input parameters in the health risk model were quantified under a Monte Carlo simulation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Mumbai, 400018, India
| | - Praneeth Kadambala
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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80
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Reuse of Tires Textile Fibers in Plastic Compounds: Is this Scenario Environmentally Sustainable? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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81
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Yong ZJ, Bashir MJK, Ng CA, Sethupathi S, Lim JW. A sequential treatment of intermediate tropical landfill leachate using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and coagulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 205:244-252. [PMID: 28987987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in landfill leachate generation is due to the increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) as global development continues. Landfill leachate has constantly been the most challenging issue in MSW management as it contains high amount of organic and inorganic compounds that might cause pollution to water resources. Biologically treated landfill leachate often fails to fulfill the regulatory discharge standards. Thus, to prevent environmental pollution, many landfill leachate treatment plants involve multiple stages treatment process. The Papan Landfill in Perak, Malaysia currently has no proper leachate treatment system. In the current study, sequential treatment via sequencing batch reactor (SBR) followed by coagulation was used to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solids (TSS), and colour from raw landfill leachate. SBR optimum aeration rate, L/min, optimal pH and dosage (g/L) of Alum for coagulation as a post-treatment were determined. The two-step sequential treatment by SBR followed by coagulation (Alum) achieved a removal efficiency of 84.89%, 94.25%, 91.82% and 85.81% for COD, NH3-N, TSS and colour, respectively. Moreover, the two-stage treatment process achieved 95.0% 95.0%, 95.3%, 100.0%, 87.2%, 62.9%, 50.0%, 41.3%, 41.2, 34.8, and 22.9 removals of Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Selenium, Barium, Iron, Silver, Nickel, Zinc, Arsenic, and Manganese, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Jun Yong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed J K Bashir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Choon Aun Ng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sumathi Sethupathi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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82
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Kamaruddin MA, Yusoff MS, Rui LM, Isa AM, Zawawi MH, Alrozi R. An overview of municipal solid waste management and landfill leachate treatment: Malaysia and Asian perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26988-27020. [PMID: 29067615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, generation of solid waste per capita in Malaysia is about 1.1 kg/day. Over 26,500 t of solid waste is disposed almost solely through 166 operating landfills in the country every day. Despite the availability of other disposal methods, landfill is the most widely accepted and prevalent method for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in developing countries, including Malaysia. This is mainly ascribed to its inherent forte in terms cost saving and simpler operational mechanism. However, there is a downside. Environmental pollution caused by the landfill leachate has been one of the typical dilemmas of landfilling method. Leachate is the liquid produced when water percolates through solid waste and contains dissolved or suspended materials from various disposed materials and biodecomposition processes. It is often a high-strength wastewater with extreme pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), inorganic salts and toxicity. Its composition differs over the time and space within a particular landfill, influenced by a broad spectrum of factors, namely waste composition, landfilling practice (solid waste contouring and compacting), local climatic conditions, landfill's physico-chemical conditions, biogeochemistry and landfill age. This paper summarises an overview of landfill operation and leachate treatment availability reported in literature: a broad spectrum of landfill management opportunity, leachate parameter discussions and the way forward of landfill leachate treatment applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Center of Excellence, Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Suffian Yusoff
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lo Ming Rui
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Awatif Md Isa
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Zawawi
- College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Serdang, Seksyen 11, 43650, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasyidah Alrozi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Penang, Malaysia
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83
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Chan EYY, Wang SS, Ho JYE, Huang Z, Liu S, Guo C. Socio-demographic predictors of health and environmental co-benefit behaviours for climate change mitigation in urban China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188661. [PMID: 29176879 PMCID: PMC5703449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine the patterns and socio-demographic predictors of health and environmental co-benefit behaviours that support climate change mitigation in a densely populated Asian metropolis—Hong Kong. Methods A population-based, stratified and cross-sectional random digit dialling telephone survey study was conducted between January and February 2016, among the Cantonese-speaking population aged 15 and above in Hong Kong. Socio-demographic data and the self-reported practice of 10 different co-benefit behaviours were solicited. Ethics approval and participant’s verbal consent were sought. Findings The study sample consisted of 1,017 respondents (response rate: 63.6%) were comparable to the age, gender and geographical distributions of the Hong Kong population found in the latest 2011 Hong Kong Population Census. Among the co-benefit behaviours, using less packaging and disposable shopping bags were practiced in the highest frequency (70.1%). However, four behaviours were found to have never been practiced by more than half of the respondents, including bringing personal eating utensils when dining in restaurants or small eateries, showering less than five minutes, having one vegetarian meal a week, and buying more organic food. Results of multivariable logistic regression showed that frequency of practicing co-benefit behaviours were consistently associated with gender and age. Conclusion Urban residents in Hong Kong do not engage in the practice of co-benefit behaviours in a uniform way. In general, females and older people are more likely to adopt co-benefit behaviours in their daily lives. Further research to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the population towards these co-benefit behaviours will provide support to relevant climate change mitigation policies and education programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ying Yang Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan Shuxin Wang
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janice Ying-en Ho
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sida Liu
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunlan Guo
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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84
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Schulz W, Weiss SC, Weber WH, Winzenbacher R. The reciprocal iso-inhibition volume concept: A procedure for the evaluation in effect-directed analysis with thin-layer chromatography - using the thin-layer chromatography-luminescent bacteria assay as an example. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1519:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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85
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Machete F. Environmental health risks associated with e-waste exposure in Badplaas, Carolina and Elukwatini landfills, Republic of South Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION & DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fannie Machete
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Park Science Campus, South Africa
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86
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Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, Rizzo J. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28865460 PMCID: PMC5581466 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer. Singly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances - many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts - may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Gray
- Department of Psychology and Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0246 USA
| | - Sharima Rasanayagam
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Connie Engel
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Jeanne Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
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87
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Wang Q, Kelly BC. Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation behaviour of hydrophobic organic contaminants in a large-scale constructed wetland in Singapore. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:257-265. [PMID: 28550783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study involved a field-based investigation to assess the occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation behaviour of hydrophobic organic contaminants in a large-scale constructed wetland. Samples of raw leachate, water and wetland plants, Typha angustifolia, were collected for chemical analysis. Target contaminants included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), as well as several halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and personal care products (triclosan and synthetic musks). In addition to PCBs and OCPs, synthetic musks, triclosan (TCS) and dechlorane plus stereoisomers (syn- and anti-DPs) were frequently detected. Root concentration factors (log RCF L/kg wet weight) of the various contaminants ranged between 3.0 and 7.9. Leaf concentration factors (log LCF L/kg wet weight) ranged between 2.4 and 8.2. syn- and anti-DPs exhibited the greatest RCF and LCF values. A strong linear relationship was observed between log RCF and octanol-water partition coefficient (log KOW). Translocation factors (log TFs) were negatively correlated with log KOW. The results demonstrate that more hydrophobic compounds exhibit higher degrees of partitioning into plant roots and are less effectively transported from roots to plant leaves. Methyl triclosan (MTCS) and 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (DCDD), TCS degradation products, exhibited relatively high concentrations in roots and leaves., highlighting the importance of degradation/biotransformation. The results further suggest that Typha angustifolia in this constructed wetland can aid the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants present in this landfill leachate. The findings will aid future investigations regarding the fate and bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants in constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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88
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Hong KY, de Albuquerque CDL, Poppi RJ, Brolo AG. Determination of aqueous antibiotic solutions using SERS nanogratings. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 982:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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89
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Mishra H, Karmakar S, Kumar R, Singh J. A Framework for Assessing Uncertainty Associated with Human Health Risks from MSW Landfill Leachate Contamination. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2017; 37:1237-1255. [PMID: 27664078 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is a cost-effective method, which makes it a widely used practice around the world, especially in developing countries. However, because of the improper management of landfills, high leachate leakage can have adverse impacts on soils, plants, groundwater, aquatic organisms, and, subsequently, human health. A comprehensive survey of the literature finds that the probabilistic quantification of uncertainty based on estimations of the human health risks due to landfill leachate contamination has rarely been reported. Hence, in the present study, the uncertainty about the human health risks from municipal solid waste landfill leachate contamination to children and adults was quantified to investigate its long-term risks by using a Monte Carlo simulation framework for selected heavy metals. The Turbhe sanitary landfill of Navi Mumbai, India, which was commissioned in the recent past, was selected to understand the fate and transport of heavy metals in leachate. A large residential area is located near the site, which makes the risk assessment problem both crucial and challenging. In this article, an integral approach in the form of a framework has been proposed to quantify the uncertainty that is intrinsic to human health risk estimation. A set of nonparametric cubic splines was fitted to identify the nonlinear seasonal trend in leachate quality parameters. LandSim 2.5, a landfill simulator, was used to simulate the landfill activities for various time slices, and further uncertainty in noncarcinogenic human health risk was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation followed by univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Mishra
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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90
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Levels of Organic Pollution Indicators in Groundwater at the Old Landfill and Waste Management Site. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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91
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Horton AA, Walton A, Spurgeon DJ, Lahive E, Svendsen C. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:127-141. [PMID: 28169032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1386] [Impact Index Per Article: 198.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris is an environmentally persistent and complex contaminant of increasing concern. Understanding the sources, abundance and composition of microplastics present in the environment is a huge challenge due to the fact that hundreds of millions of tonnes of plastic material is manufactured for societal use annually, some of which is released to the environment. The majority of microplastics research to date has focussed on the marine environment. Although freshwater and terrestrial environments are recognised as origins and transport pathways of plastics to the oceans, there is still a comparative lack of knowledge about these environmental compartments. It is highly likely that microplastics will accumulate within continental environments, especially in areas of high anthropogenic influence such as agricultural or urban areas. This review critically evaluates the current literature on the presence, behaviour and fate of microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments and, where appropriate, also draws on relevant studies from other fields including nanotechnology, agriculture and waste management. Furthermore, we evaluate the relevant biological and chemical information from the substantial body of marine microplastic literature, determining the applicability and comparability of this data to freshwater and terrestrial systems. With the evidence presented, the authors have set out the current state of the knowledge, and identified the key gaps. These include the volume and composition of microplastics entering the environment, behaviour and fate of microplastics under a variety of environmental conditions and how characteristics of microplastics influence their toxicity. Given the technical challenges surrounding microplastics research, it is especially important that future studies develop standardised techniques to allow for comparability of data. The identification of these research needs will help inform the design of future studies, to determine both the extent and potential ecological impacts of microplastic pollution in freshwater and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Horton
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Walton
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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92
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Brennan RB, Clifford E, Devroedt C, Morrison L, Healy MG. Treatment of landfill leachate in municipal wastewater treatment plants and impacts on effluent ammonium concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 188:64-72. [PMID: 27930957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is the result of water percolating through waste deposits that have undergone aerobic and anaerobic microbial decomposition. In recent years, increasingly stringent wastewater discharge requirements have raised questions regarding the efficacy of co-treatment of leachate in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study aimed to (1) examine the co-treatment of leachate with a 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio less than or slightly greater than 0.26 (intermediate age leachate) in municipal WWTPs (2) quantify the maximum hydraulic and mass (expressed as mass nitrogen or COD) loading of landfill leachate (as a percentage of the total influent loading rate) above which the performance of a WWTP may be inhibited, and (3) quantify the impact of a range of hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) of young and intermediate age leachate, loaded on a volumetric basis at 0 (study control), 2, 4 and 10% (volume landfill leachate influent as a percentage of influent municipal wastewater), on the effluent ammonium concentrations. The leachate loading regimes examined were found to be appropriate for effective treatment of intermediate age landfill leachate in the WWTPs examined, but co-treatment may not be suitable in WWTPs with low ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) and total nitrogen (TN) emission limit values (ELVs). In addition, intermediate leachate, loaded at volumetric rates of up to 4% or 50% of total WWTP NH4-N loading, did not significantly inhibit the nitrification processes, while young leachate, loaded at volumetric rates greater of than 2% (equivalent to 90% of total WWTP NH4-N loading), resulted in a significant decrease in nitrification. The results show that current hydraulic loading-based acceptance criteria recommendations should be considered in the context of leachate NH4-N composition. The results also indicate that co-treatment of old leachate in municipal WWTPs may represent the most sustainable solution for ongoing leachate treatment in the cases examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Brennan
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - E Clifford
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Devroedt
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - L Morrison
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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93
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Boonyaroj V, Chiemchaisri C, Chiemchaisri W, Yamamoto K. Enhanced biodegradation of phenolic compounds in landfill leachate by enriched nitrifying membrane bioreactor sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:311-318. [PMID: 27432617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of autotrophic nitrification on the biodegradation of toxic organic micro-pollutants presented in landfill leachate was assessed. A two-stage MBR system consisting of an inclined tube incorporated anoxic reactor followed by aerobic submerged membrane reactor was operated under long sludge age condition in which nitrifying bacteria could be enriched. During the reactor operation, organic removal efficiencies were more than 90% whereas phenolic compounds including bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (BHT) were removed by 65 and 70% mainly through biodegradation in the aerobic reactor even at high feed concentrations of 1000μg/L for both compounds. Batch experiments revealed that enriched nitrifying sludge with nitrifying activities could biodegraded 88 and 75% of BPA and BHT, largely improved from non-nitrifying sludge and enriched nitrifying sludge with the presence of inhibitor. The first-order kinetic rates of BHT and BPA removal were 0.0108 and 0.096h-1, also enhanced by 44% from the non-nitrifying sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinthorn Boonyaroj
- Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
| | - Chart Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Center for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Wilai Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Center for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan.
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94
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A D, Fujii D, Soda S, Machimura T, Ike M. Removal of phenol, bisphenol A, and 4-tert-butylphenol from synthetic landfill leachate by vertical flow constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:566-576. [PMID: 27836343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (CWs) were used to remove phenol, bisphenol A (BPA), and 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP) from synthetic young and old leachate. Removal percentages of phenolic compounds from the CWs were in the following order: phenol (88-100%)>4-t-BP (18-100%)≥BPA (9-99%). In all CWs, phenol was removed almost completely from leachate. Results show that BPA and 4-t-BP were removed more efficiently from CWs planted with Phragmites australis than from unplanted CWs, from old leachate containing lower amounts of acetate and propionate as easily degradable carbon sources than from young leachate, and in the dry season mode with long retention time than in the wet season mode with short retention time. Adsorption by initial removal and subsequent biodegradation processes might be major removal processes for these phenolic compounds. The presence of plant is beneficial for enrichment of BPA-degrading and 4-t-BP-degrading bacteria and for the carbon source utilization potential of microbes in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daiki Fujii
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Soda
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takashi Machimura
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michihiko Ike
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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95
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Mönkäre TJ, Palmroth MRT, Rintala JA. Screening biological methods for laboratory scale stabilization of fine fraction from landfill mining. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 60:739-747. [PMID: 27865763 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest for the landfill mining and the amount of fine fraction (FF) in landfills (40-70% (w/w) of landfill content) mean that sustainable treatment and utilization methods for FF are needed. For this study FF (<20mm) was mined from a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill operated from 1967 to 1989. FF, which resembles soil, was stabilized in laboratory scale reactors in two phases: first, anaerobically for 101days and second, for 72days using four different methods: anaerobic with the addition of moisture (water) or inoculum (sewage sludge) and aerobic with continuous water washing, with, or without, bulking material. The aim was to evaluate the effect on the stability of mined FF, which has been rarely reported, and to study the quality and quantity of gas and leachate produced during the stabilization experiment. The study showed that aerobic treatment reduced respiration activity (final values 0.9-1.1mgO2/gTS) and residual methane potential (1.1LCH4/kgTS) better than anaerobic methods (1.8-2.3mg O2/g TS and 1.3-2.4L CH4/kg TS, respectively). Bulking material mixed in FF in one aerobic reactor had no effect on the stability of FF. The benefit of anaerobic treatment was the production of methane, which could be utilized as energy. Even though the inoculum addition increased methane production from FF about 30%, but the methane production was still relatively low (in total 1.5-1.7L CH4/kg TS). Continuous water washing was essential to remove leachable organic matter and soluble nutrients from FF, while increasing the volume of leachate collected. In the aerobic treatment, nitrogen was oxidized into nitrite and nitrate and then washed out in the leachate. Both anaerobic and aerobic methods could be used for FF stabilization. The use of FF, in landscaping for example, is possible because its nutrient content (4gN/kg TS and 1g P/kg TS) can increase the nutrient content of soil, but this may have limitations due to the possible presence of heavy metal and other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina J Mönkäre
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marja R T Palmroth
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka A Rintala
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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96
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Effect of Mass Proportion of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash Layer to Municipal Solid Waste Layer on the Cu and Zn Discharge from Landfill. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2016:9687879. [PMID: 28044139 PMCID: PMC5156799 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9687879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash is often used as the protection layer for the geomembrane and intermediate layer in the landfill. In this study, three sets of simulated landfills with different mass proportion of MSWI bottom ash layer to municipal solid waste (MSW) layer were operated. Cu and Zn concentrations in the leachates and MSW were monitored to investigate the effect of MSWI bottom ash layer on the Cu and Zn discharge from the landfill. The results showed that the Zn discharge was dependent on the mass proportion of MSWI bottom ash layer. The pH of landfill was not notably increased when the mass proportion of MSWI bottom ash layer to MSW layer was 1 : 9, resulting in the enhancement of the Zn discharge. However, Zn discharge was mitigated when the mass proportion was 2 : 8, as the pH of landfill was notably promoted. The discharge of Cu was not dependent on the mass proportion, due to the great affinity of Cu to organic matter. Moreover, Cu and Zn contents of the sub-MSW layer increased due to the MSWI bottom ash layer. Therefore, the MSWI bottom ash layer can increase the potential environmental threat of the landfill.
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97
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Rubinos DA, Barral MT. Sorptive removal of Hg II by red mud (bauxite residue) in contaminated landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:84-98. [PMID: 27737613 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1229938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of red mud (RM) (bauxite residue) to remove HgII from landfill leachate (LL) was assessed. The studied aspects comprised the effects of time, pH, HgII concentration and the sorption isotherm, besides the influence of chloride and representative organic ligands. HgII removal by RM exhibited a complex kinetics where initial rapid sorption was followed by desorption at longer times. The sorption of HgII on RM was strongly pH-dependent. Outstanding maximum sorption was observed at pH∼4-5 (≥99.6%), while it abruptly dropped at higher pH values down to a minimum ∼28% at pH∼10.5. Chloride decreased HgII sorption at acid pH and shifted the pHmax towards higher pH∼9.4, which opposes to sorption in LL and suggests Cl- did not primarily control the process in LL. Amongst the organic ligands, acetate and salicylate slightly affected HgII sorption. Conversely, glycine affected sorption in a pH-dependent manner resembling that in LL, which suggests the relevant role of the organic nitrogenated compounds of LL. EDTA suppressed HgII sorption at any pH. HgII speciation modelling and dissolved organic matter (DOM) sorption support complexation of HgII by DOM as the primary factor governing the removal of HgII in LL. The sorption isotherm was better described by the Freundlich equation, which agrees with the heterogeneous composition of RM. The results indicate that HgII sorption on RM is favorable, but reveal differences in sorption and reduced efficiency, in LL media. Notwithstanding, RM possesses a notable capacity to remove HgII, even under the unhelpful complexing and competing conditions of LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rubinos
- a Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - María T Barral
- a Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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98
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Wang Q, Kelly BC. Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks, triclosan and methyl triclosan in a tropical urban catchment: Influence of land-use proximity, rainfall and physicochemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1439-1447. [PMID: 27586166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study involved a comprehensive thirteen month survey of synthetic musks, triclosan (TCS) and methyl triclosan (MTCS) in surface water, as well as suspended particular matter (SPM) and bottom sediments in a tropical urban catchment in Singapore. The polycyclic musk, Galaxolide (HHCB), exhibited the highest concentration among musk compounds, ranging from 5.16 to 42.9ng/L in surface water, 11.0 to 108ng/g dry wt. in sediments and 44.1 to 81.3ng/g dry wt. in SPM. Concentrations of musk ketone, the dominant nitroaromatic musk, ranged from 0.08 to 6.45ng/L in water, 0.082 to 0.72ng/g dry wt. in sediments and 1.75 to 5.50ng/g dry wt. in SPM. Concentrations of MTCS ranged from 0.0056 to 5.6ng/L in water, 0.01 to 0.17ng/g dry wt. in bottom sediments and 0.75 to 2.81ng/g dry wt. in SPM. These concentrations are below predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC). Principal components analysis (PCA) results showed that synthetic musk concentrations were positively correlated, indicating common source emissions. Rainfall amount and land-use index were found to be key determinants of hydrophobic organic contaminant concentrations in this catchment. Concentrations of TCS and its methylated degradation product, MTCS, were also positively correlated. However, the relative composition of MTCS to total triclosans was relatively low in water (2.8±2.5%) and bottom sediments (0.3±0.1%), suggesting only minor transformation of TCS to MTCS. The organic carbon-water distribution ratio, log Koc (observed), ranged between 3.8 and 5.4 for musks, TCS and MTCS, indicating relatively strong partitioning from dissolved to solid phases. These field-derived log Koc (observed) values are comparable to estimated values based on physicochemical properties. The results provide insight into the occurrence, transport pathways and exposure risks of synthetic musks, triclosan and methyl triclosan in this tropical catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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99
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Ammonium Concentration and Migration in Groundwater in the Vicinity of Waste Management Site Located in the Neighborhood of Protected Areas of Warsaw, Poland. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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100
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Impact of the Municipal Solid Waste Łubna Landfill on Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metals. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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