51
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Salvia E, Harvey M, Nazarian B, Grosbras M. Social perception drives eye-movement related brain activity: Evidence from pro- and anti-saccades to faces. Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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52
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Neural correlates of performance monitoring in adult patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: A study of event-related potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:597-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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53
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Luo Y, He H, Duan M, Huang H, Hu Z, Wang H, Yao G, Yao D, Li J, Luo C. Dynamic Functional Connectivity Strength Within Different Frequency-Band in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:995. [PMID: 32116820 PMCID: PMC7029741 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complex psychiatric disorder, schizophrenia is interpreted as a "dysconnection" syndrome, which is linked to abnormal integrations in between distal brain regions. Recently, neuroimaging has been widely adopted to investigate how schizophrenia affects brain networks. Furthermore, some studies reported frequency dependence of the abnormalities of functional network in schizophrenia, however, dynamic functional connectivity with frequency dependence is rarely used to explore changes in the whole brain of patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Therefore, in the current study, dynamic functional connectivity strength (dFCS) was performed on resting-state functional magnetic resonance data from 96 SZ patients and 121 healthy controls (HCs) at slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz), slow-3 (0.073-0.198 Hz), and slow-2 (0.198-0.25 Hz) frequency bands and further assessed whether the altered dFCS was correlated to clinical symptoms in SZ patients. Results revealed that decreased dFCS of schizophrenia were found in salience, auditory, sensorimotor, visual networks, while increased dFCS in cerebellum, basal ganglia, and prefrontal networks were observed across different frequency bands. Specifically, the thalamus subregion of schizophrenic patients exhibited enhanced dynamic FCS in slow-5 and slow-4, while reduced in slow-3. Moreover, in slow-5 and slow-4, significant interaction effects between frequency and group were observed in the left calcarine cortex, the bilateral inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, and anterior cingulum cortex (ACC). Furthermore, the altered dFCS of insula, thalamus (THA), calcarine cortex, orbitofrontal gyrus, and paracentral lobule were partial correlated with clinical symptoms of SZ patients in slow-5 and slow-4 bands. These results demonstrate the abnormalities of dFCS in schizophrenia patients is rely on different frequency bands and may provide potential implications for exploring the neuropathological mechanism of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianfu Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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54
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Tsushima Y, Sawahata Y, Komine K. Task-dependent fMRI decoder with the power to extend Gabor patch results to Natural images. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1382. [PMID: 31992812 PMCID: PMC6987206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists are often asked to what extent a simple finding in a laboratory can be generalized to complicated phenomena in our daily lives. The same is equally true of vision science; numerous critical discoveries about our visual system have been made using very simple visual images, such as Gabor patches, but to what extent can these findings be applied to more natural images? Here, we used the fMRI decoding technique and directly tested whether the findings obtained with primitive visual stimuli (Gabor patches) were applicable to natural images. In the fMRI experiments, participants performed depth and resolution tasks with both Gabor patches and natural images. We created a fMRI decoder made from the results of the Gabor patch experiments that classified a brain activity pattern into the depth or resolution task, and then examined how successful the task-dependent decoder could sort a brain activity pattern in the natural image experiment into the depth or resolution task. As a result, we found that the task-dependent decoder constructed from Gabor patch experiments could predict which task (depth or resolution task) a participant was engaged in the natural image experiments, especially in the V3 and middle temporal (MT+) areas of the brain. This is consistent with previous researches on the cortical activation relating to depth perception rather than perceptual processing of display resolution. These results provide firm evidence that fMRI decoding technique possesses the power to evaluate the application of Gabor patch results (laboratory findings) to the natural images (everyday affairs), representing a new approach for studying the mechanism of visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tsushima
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communication Technology, 3-5, Hikaridai, Soraku-gun, Seika-cho, 619-0289, Kyoto, Japan. .,Science & Technology Research Laboratories, Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), 1-10-11 Kinuta, Setagaya-ku, 157-8510, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Sawahata
- Science & Technology Research Laboratories, Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), 1-10-11 Kinuta, Setagaya-ku, 157-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Komine
- Science & Technology Research Laboratories, Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), 1-10-11 Kinuta, Setagaya-ku, 157-8510, Tokyo, Japan
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55
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Jeye BM, McCarthy CR, Slotnick SD. Long-term memory specificity depends on inhibition of related items. Memory 2020; 28:261-269. [PMID: 31914856 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1711129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memory relies on both accurately retrieving specific details and inhibiting competing information. In the current investigation, we evaluated the specificity of long-term memory representations for faces. During each study phase, participants were presented with neutral Caucasian male and female faces. During the corresponding test phase, old faces, related faces, and new faces were presented and participants made "old"-"new" recognition judgments. Related faces were created by morphing along a continuum in steps of 20% (i.e., 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% morphs) between old faces and new faces (independent ratings indicated that the pairs of to-be-morphed old faces and new faces were perceptually dissimilar). In two experiments, memory representations were very specific as the "old" response rate for old faces was significantly higher than closely related faces (i.e., 20% morphs). Furthermore, there was evidence of memory inhibition, as the "old" response rate for 20% morphs was significantly lower than 40% morphs (the identical pattern of results was observed with a d' analysis). These findings may reflect an evolutionary advantage for recognising specific faces, which may require inhibition of closely related faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Jeye
- Department of Psychology, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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56
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Reward does not facilitate visual perceptual learning until sleep occurs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:959-968. [PMID: 31892542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913079117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by reward provided during training. Another line of studies has shown that sleep following training also plays a role in facilitating VPL, an effect known as the offline performance gain of VPL. However, whether the effects of reward and sleep interact on VPL remains unclear. Here, we show that reward interacts with sleep to facilitate offline performance gains of VPL. First, we demonstrated a significantly larger offline performance gain over a 12-h interval including sleep in a reward group than that in a no-reward group. However, the offline performance gains over the 12-h interval without sleep were not significantly different with or without reward during training, indicating a crucial interaction between reward and sleep in VPL. Next, we tested whether neural activations during posttraining sleep were modulated after reward was provided during training. Reward provided during training enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, increased oscillatory activities for reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sleep, and inhibited neural activation in the untrained region in early visual areas in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep. The offline performance gains were significantly correlated with oscillatory activities of visual processing during NREM sleep and reward processing during REM sleep in the reward group but not in the no-reward group. These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective during sleep, with excited reward processing sending inhibitory signals to suppress noise in visual processing, resulting in larger offline performance gains over sleep.
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57
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Chien YL, Hsieh MH, Gau SSF. P50-N100-P200 sensory gating deficits in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109683. [PMID: 31260720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered sensory gating may cause sensory overload. However, whether ASD individuals have P50 gating deficits is controversial in childhood and lacks evidence in adulthood. Beyond P50, fewer studies have examined N100 or P200, although N100 is considered to be more reliable than P50. Also, the clinical correlates of these parameters are mostly unknown. This study aimed to investigate P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating in adolescents and young adults with ASD and examine their clinical correlates. In a sample of 34 ASD participants (mean age 20.6 ± 4.1, female 5.9%) and 34 sex- and age-matched typically-developing controls (TDC, mean age 20.4 ± 3.1), we investigated P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating by a paired-click paradigm, which generated the data of S1 amplitude after the first click and S2 amplitude after the second click. We found that compared to TDC, ASD participants had significant N100 suppression deficits reflected by a larger N100 S2 amplitude, smaller N100 ratio of S2 over S1, and the difference between the two amplitudes. N100 S2 amplitude was significantly associated with sensory sensitivity independent of the diagnosis. Although there was no group difference in P50 suppression, S1 amplitude was negatively associated with social deficits in ASD. P200 gating parameters were correlated with attention switching difficulty. Our findings suggest N100 gating deficit in adolescents and young adults with ASD. The relationships between P50 S1 and social deficits and between N100 S2 and sensory sensitivity warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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58
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Cortical processes underlying the effects of static sound timing on perceived visual speed. Neuroimage 2019; 199:194-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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59
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Adams MS, Andrew D, Staines WR. The contribution of the prefrontal cortex to relevancy-based gating of visual and tactile stimuli. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2747-2759. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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60
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Golubic SJ, Jurasic MJ, Susac A, Huonker R, Gotz T, Haueisen J. Attention modulates topology and dynamics of auditory sensory gating. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2981-2994. [PMID: 30882981 PMCID: PMC6865797 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work challenges the widely accepted model of sensory gating as a preattention inhibitory process by investigating whether attention directed at the second tone (S2) within a paired-click paradigm could affect gating at the cortical level. We utilized magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and spatio-temporal source localization to compare the cortical dynamics underlying gating responses across two conditions (passive and attention) in 19 healthy subjects. Source localization results reaffirmed the existence of a fast processing pathway between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) that underlies the auditory gating process. STG source dynamics comprised two gating sub-components, Mb1 and Mb2, both of which showed significant gating suppression (>51%). The attention directed to the S2 tone changed the gating network topology by switching the prefrontal generator from a dorsolateral location, which was active in the passive condition (18/19), to a medial location, active in the attention condition (19/19). Enhanced responses to the attended stimulus caused a significant reduction in gating suppression in both STG gating components (>50%). Our results demonstrate that attention not only modulates sensory gating dynamics, but also exerts topological rerouting of information processing within the PFC. The present data, suggesting that the cortical levels of early sensory processing are subject to top-down influences, change the current view of gating as a purely automatic bottom-up process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Susac
- Department of Physics, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and ComputingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Ralph Huonker
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Theresa Gotz
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University IlmenauIlmenauGermany
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61
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Berchicci M, Ten Brink AF, Quinzi F, Perri RL, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Electrophysiological evidence of sustained spatial attention effects over anterior cortex: Possible contribution of the anterior insula. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13369. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Antonia Francisca Ten Brink
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia) Rome Italy
| | | | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
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62
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Hwang K, Shine JM, D’Esposito M. Frontoparietal Activity Interacts With Task-Evoked Changes in Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:802-813. [PMID: 29415156 PMCID: PMC7199886 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible interactions between brain regions enable neural systems to adaptively transfer and process information. However, the neural substrates that regulate adaptive communications between brain regions are understudied. In this human fMRI study, we investigated this issue by tracking time-varying, task-evoked changes in functional connectivity between localized occipitotemporal regions while participants performed different tasks on the same visually presented stimuli. We found that functional connectivity between ventral temporal and the primary visual regions selectively increased during the processing of task-relevant information. Further, additional task demands selectively strengthen these targeted connectivity patterns. To identify candidate regions that contribute to this increase in inter-regional coupling, we regressed the task-specific time-varying connectivity strength between primary visual and occipitotemporal regions against voxel-wise activity patterns elsewhere in the brain. This allowed us to identify a set of frontal and parietal regions whose activity increased as a function of task-evoked functional connectivity. These results suggest that frontoparietal regions may provide top-down biasing signals to influence task-specific interactions between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hwang
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James M Shine
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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63
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Piai V, Zheng X. Speaking waves: Neuronal oscillations in language production. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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64
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Campbell J, Bean C, LaBrec A. Normal hearing young adults with mild tinnitus: Reduced inhibition as measured through sensory gating. Audiol Res 2018; 8:214. [PMID: 30405896 PMCID: PMC6199556 DOI: 10.4081/audiores.2018.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased central inhibition, possibly related to hearing loss, may contribute to chronic tinnitus. However, many individuals with normal hearing thresholds report tinnitus, suggesting that the percept in this population may arise from sources other than peripheral deafferentation. One measure of inhibition is sensory gating. Sensory gating involves the suppression of non-novel input, and is measured through cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) responses to paired stimuli. In typical gating function, amplitude suppression is observed in the second CAEP response when compared to the first CAEP response, illustrating inhibitory activity. Using this measure, we investigated central inhibitory processes in normal hearing young adults with and without mild tinnitus to determine whether inhibition may be a contributing factor to the tinnitus percept. Results showed that gating function was impaired in the tinnitus group, with the CAEP Pa component significantly correlated with tinnitus severity. Further exploratory analyses were conducted to evaluate variability in gating function within the tinnitus group, and findings showed that high CAEP amplitude suppressors demonstrated gating performance comparable to adults without tinnitus, while low amplitude suppressors exhibited atypical gating function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Connor Bean
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alison LaBrec
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders; Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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65
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Chung SW, Sullivan CM, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Bailey NW, Cash RFH, Fitzgerald PB. The effects of individualised intermittent theta burst stimulation in the prefrontal cortex: A TMS-EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:608-627. [PMID: 30251765 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted variability in response to theta burst stimulation (TBS) in humans. TBS paradigm was originally developed in rodents to mimic gamma bursts coupled with theta rhythms, and was shown to elicit long-term potentiation. The protocol was subsequently adapted for humans using standardised frequencies of stimulation. However, each individual has different rhythmic firing pattern. The present study sought to explore whether individualised intermittent TBS (Ind iTBS) could outperform the effects of two other iTBS variants. Twenty healthy volunteers received iTBS over left prefrontal cortex using 30 Hz at 6 Hz, 50 Hz at 5 Hz, or individualised frequency in separate sessions. Ind iTBS was determined using theta-gamma coupling during the 3-back task. Concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was used to track changes in cortical plasticity. We also utilised mood ratings using a visual analogue scale and assessed working memory via the 3-back task before and after stimulation. No group-level effect was observed following either 30 or 50 Hz iTBS in TMS-EEG. Ind iTBS significantly increased the amplitude of the TMS-evoked P60, and decreased N100 and P200 amplitudes. A significant positive correlation between neurophysiological change and change in mood rating was also observed. Improved accuracy in the 3-back task was observed following both 50 Hz and Ind iTBS conditions. These findings highlight the critical importance of frequency in the parameter space of iTBS. Tailored stimulation parameters appear more efficacious than standard paradigms in neurophysiological and mood changes. This novel approach presents a promising option and benefits may extend to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caley M Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia.,Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
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66
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Braunstein LM, Gross JJ, Ochsner KN. Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1545-1557. [PMID: 28981910 PMCID: PMC5647798 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to adaptively regulate emotion is essential for mental and physical well-being. How should we organize the myriad ways people attempt to regulate their emotions? We explore the utility of a framework that distinguishes among four fundamental classes of emotion regulation strategies. The framework describes each strategy class in terms their behavioral characteristics, underlying psychological processes and supporting neural systems. A key feature of this multi-level framework is its conceptualization of the psychological processes in terms of two orthogonal dimensions that describe (i) the nature of the emotion regulation goal (ranging from to implicit to explicit) and (ii) the nature of the emotion change process (ranging from more automatic to more controlled). After describing the core elements of the framework, we use it to review human and animal research on the neural bases of emotion regulation and to suggest key directions for future research on emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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67
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Karkal R, Goyal N, Tikka SK, Khanande RV, Kakunje A, Khess CRJ. Sensory Gating Deficits and their Clinical Correlates in Drug-Free/Drug-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia. Indian J Psychol Med 2018; 40:247-256. [PMID: 29875532 PMCID: PMC5968646 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_53_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating refers to "filtering" of irrelevant sensory input in the brain. Auditory sensory gating deficit has been considered as a marker of schizophrenia (SCZ) and assessed using P50 paired-click paradigm. We explore sensory gating deficits and their clinical correlates in SCZ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five drug-free/drug-naïve patients with SCZ, whose psychopathology was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and 25 age-matched normal controls (NC) were recruited. ERP recordings were done using 40-channel event-related potential measuring system. RESULTS S2-S1 P50 amplitude difference, an index of sensory gating, was significantly lower in SCZ at F3 and F4 sites when compared to NC, indicating impaired gating. SCZ had significantly lower S1 amplitude compared to NC at these sites; S2 amplitudes were comparable. The sensory gating index also showed significant correlations with PANSS scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study reiterates sensory gating abnormalities in SCZ and confers a frontal specificity, implying specific deficits in early preattentive processes to them. Further, we suggest that gating deficits in SCZ are driven predominantly by abnormally small S1 rather than an inability to suppress S2. A correlation between sensory gating parameters and measures of psychopathology strengthens the hypothesis that abnormal response to sensory input may contribute to the psychopathology in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Karkal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sai Krishna Tikka
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Roshan V Khanande
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anil Kakunje
- Department of Psychiatry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Christoday R J Khess
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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68
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Ku Y. Selective attention on representations in working memory: cognitive and neural mechanisms. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4585. [PMID: 29629245 PMCID: PMC5885971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective attention and working memory are inter-dependent core cognitive functions. It is critical to allocate attention on selected targets during the capacity-limited working memory processes to fulfill the goal-directed behavior. The trends of research on both topics are increasing exponentially in recent years, and it is considered that selective attention and working memory share similar underlying neural mechanisms. Different types of attention orientation in working memory are introduced by distinctive cues, and the means using retrospective cues are strengthened currently as it is manipulating the representation in memory, instead of the perceptual representation. The cognitive and neural mechanisms of the retro-cue effects are further reviewed, as well as the potential molecular mechanism. The frontal-parietal network that is involved in both attention and working memory is also the neural candidate for attention orientation during working memory. Neural oscillations in the gamma and alpha/beta oscillations may respectively be employed for the feedforward and feedback information transfer between the sensory cortices and the association cortices. Dopamine and serotonin systems might interact with each other subserving the communication between memory and attention. In conclusion, representations which attention shifts towards are strengthened, while representations which attention moves away from are degraded. Studies on attention orientation during working memory indicates the flexibility of the processes of working memory, and the beneficial way that overcome the limited capacity of working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ku
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal Unviersity, Shanghai, China.,The Key Lab of Brain Functional Genomics, MOE & STCSM, Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
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69
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Edgar JC, Fisk CL, Chen YH, Stone-Howell B, Liu S, Hunter MA, Huang M, Bustillo J, Cañive JM, Miller GA. Identifying auditory cortex encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia: The utility of low-frequency versus 40 Hz steady-state measures. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13074. [PMID: 29570815 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG have identified poststimulus low frequency and 40 Hz steady-state auditory encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ). Negative findings have also appeared. To identify factors contributing to these inconsistencies, healthy control (HC) and SZ group differences were examined in MEG and EEG source space and EEG sensor space, with better group differentiation hypothesized for source than sensor measures given greater predictive utility for source measures. Fifty-five HC and 41 chronic SZ were presented 500 Hz sinusoidal stimuli modulated at 40 Hz during simultaneous whole-head MEG and EEG. MEG and EEG source models using left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) dipoles estimated trial-to-trial phase similarity and percent change from prestimulus baseline. Group differences in poststimulus low-frequency activity and 40 Hz steady-state response were evaluated. Several EEG sensor analysis strategies were also examined. Poststimulus low-frequency group differences were observed across all methods. Given an age-related decrease in left STG 40 Hz steady-state activity in HC (HC > SZ), 40 Hz steady-state group differences were evident only in younger participants' source measures. Findings thus indicated that optimal data collection and analysis methods depend on the auditory encoding measure of interest. In addition, whereas results indicated that HC and SZ auditory encoding low-frequency group differences are generally comparable across modality and analysis strategy (and thus not dependent on obtaining construct-valid measures of left and right auditory cortex activity), 40 Hz steady-state group-difference findings are much more dependent on analysis strategy, with 40 Hz steady-state source-space findings providing the best group differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Edgar
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles L Fisk
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Breannan Stone-Howell
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Song Liu
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - José M Cañive
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Center for Psychiatric Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA Healthcare System, Psychiatry Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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70
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Reaffirming the Sensory Recruitment Account of Working Memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:190-192. [PMID: 29475635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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71
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Ridgway SH, Dibble DS, Kennemer JA. Timing and context of dolphin clicks during and after mine simulator detection and marking in the open ocean. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/2/bio031625. [PMID: 29463515 PMCID: PMC5861363 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two dolphins carrying cameras swam in the ocean as they searched for and marked mine simulators – buried, proud or moored. As the animals swam ahead of a boat they searched the ocean. Cameras on their harness recorded continuous sound and video. Once a target was detected, the dolphins received a marker to take to the simulator's location. During search and detection, dolphins made almost continuous trains of varying interval clicks. During the marking phase, shorter click trains were interrupted by periods of silence. As the dolphins marked simulators, they often produced victory squeals – pulse bursts that vary in duration, peak frequency and amplitude. Victory squeals were produced on 72% of marks. Sometimes after marking, or at other times during their long swims, the dolphins produced click packets. Packets typically consisted of two to 10 clicks with inter-click intervals of 7-117 ms followed by a silence of 223-983 ms. Click packets appeared unrelated with searching or marking. We suggest that the packets were used to improve signal to noise ratios for locating a boat or other distant object. Victory squeals produced when marking the targets suggest to us that the dolphins know when they have succeeded in this multipart task. Summary: Dolphins wore cameras so we could hear them and watch them mark mine simulators. We observed rhythmic click trains, victory squeals, and click packets with their behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam H Ridgway
- Neurobiology Group, National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive #200, San Diego, CA 92106, USA .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dianna S Dibble
- Neurobiology Group, National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive #200, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
| | - Jaime A Kennemer
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center San Diego 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152 , USA
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72
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Horwitz A, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Benedek K. Passive Double-Sensory Evoked Coherence Correlates with Long-Term Memory Capacity. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:598. [PMID: 29311868 PMCID: PMC5735981 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Memory correlates with the difference between single and double-sensory evoked steady-state coherence in the gamma range (ΔC).The correlation is most pronounced for the anterior brain region (ΔCA ).The correlation is not driven by birth size, education, speed of processing, or intelligence.The sensitivity of ΔCA for detecting low memory capacity is 90%. Cerebral rhythmic activity and oscillations are important pathways of communication between cortical cell assemblies and may be key factors in memory. We asked whether memory performance is related to gamma coherence in a non-task sensory steady-state stimulation. We investigated 40 healthy males born in 1953 who were part of a Danish birth cohort study. Coherence was measured in the gamma range in response to a single-sensory visual stimulation (36 Hz) and a double-sensory combined audiovisual stimulation (auditive: 40 Hz; visual: 36 Hz). The individual difference in coherence (ΔC) between the bimodal and monomodal stimulation was calculated for each subject and used as the main explanatory variable. ΔC in total brain were significantly negatively correlated with long-term verbal recall. This correlation was pronounced for the anterior region. In addition, the correlation between ΔC and long-term memory was robust when controlling for working memory, as well as a wide range of potentially confounding factors, including intelligence, length of education, speed of processing, visual attention and executive function. Moreover, we found that the difference in anterior coherence (ΔCA ) is a better predictor of memory than power in multivariate models. The sensitivity of ΔCA for detecting low memory capacity is 92%. Finally, ΔCA was also associated with other types of memory: verbal learning, visual recognition, and spatial memory, and these additional correlations were also robust enough to control for a range of potentially confounding factors. Thus, the ΔC is a predictor of memory performance may be useful in cognitive neuropsychological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Horwitz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Erik L Mortensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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73
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Galioto R, O’Leary KC, Thomas JG, Demos K, Lipton RB, Gunstad J, Pavlović JM, Roth J, Rathier L, Bond DS. Lower inhibitory control interacts with greater pain catastrophizing to predict greater pain intensity in women with migraine and overweight/obesity. J Headache Pain 2017; 18:41. [PMID: 28357702 PMCID: PMC5371536 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-017-0748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain catastrophizing (PC) is associated with more severe and disabling migraine attacks. However, factors that moderate this relationship are unknown. Failure of inhibitory control (IC), or the ability to suppress automatic or inappropriate responses, may be one such factor given previous research showing a relationship between higher PC and lower IC in non-migraine samples, and research showing reduced IC in migraine. Therefore, we examined whether lower IC interacts with increased PC to predict greater migraine severity as measured by pain intensity, attack frequency, and duration. METHODS Women (n = 105) aged 18-50 years old (M = 38.0 ± 1.2) with overweight/obesity and migraine who were seeking behavioral treatment for weight loss and migraine reduction completed a 28-day smartphone-based headache diary assessing migraine headache severity. Participants then completed a modified computerized Stroop task as a measure of IC and self-report measures of PC (Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS]), anxiety, and depression. Linear regression was used to examine independent and joint associations of PC and IC with indices of migraine severity after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI) depression, and anxiety. RESULTS Participants on average had BMI of 35.1 ± 6.5 kg/m2and reported 5.3 ± 2.6 migraine attacks (8.3 ± 4.4 migraine days) over 28 days that produced moderate pain intensity (5.9 ± 1.4 out of 10) with duration of 20.0 ± 14.2 h. After adjusting for covariates, higher PCS total (β = .241, SE = .14, p = .03) and magnification subscale (β = .311, SE = .51, p < .01) scores were significant independent correlates of longer attack duration. IC interacted with total PCS (β = 1.106, SE = .001, p = .03) rumination (β = 1.098, SE = .001, p = .04), and helplessness (β = 1.026, SE = .001, p = .04) subscale scores to predict headache pain intensity, such that the association between PC and pain intensity became more positive at lower levels of IC. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that lower IC interacted with higher PC, both overall and specific subcomponents, to predict higher pain intensity during migraine attacks. Future studies are needed to determine whether interventions to improve IC could lead to less painful migraine attacks via improvements in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Galioto
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA
- Neuropsychology Program, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Kevin C. O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI USA
| | - J. Graham Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI USA
| | - Kathryn Demos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI USA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - John Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Jelena M. Pavlović
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Julie Roth
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA
| | - Lucille Rathier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI USA
| | - Dale S. Bond
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
- The Miriam Hospital Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI USA
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74
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Inman CS, James GA, Vytal K, Hamann S. Dynamic changes in large-scale functional network organization during autobiographical memory retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2017; 110:208-224. [PMID: 28951163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM), episodic memory for life events, involves the orchestration of multiple dynamic cognitive processes, including memory access and subsequent elaboration. Previous neuroimaging studies have contrasted memory access and elaboration processes in terms of regional brain activation and connectivity within large, multi-region networks. Although interactions between key memory-related regions such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been shown to play an important role in AM retrieval, it remains unclear how such connectivity between specific, individual regions involved in AM retrieval changes dynamically across the retrieval process and how these changes relate to broader memory networks throughout the whole brain. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study sought to assess the specific changes in interregional connectivity patterns across the AM retrieval processes to understand network level mechanisms of AM retrieval and further test current theoretical accounts of dynamic AM retrieval processes. We predicted that dynamic connections would reflect two hypothesized memory processes, with initial processes reflecting memory-access related connections between regions such as the anterior hippocampal and ventrolateral PFC regions, and later processes reflecting elaboration-related connections between dorsolateral frontal working memory regions and parietal-occipital visual imagery regions. One week prior to fMRI scanning, fifteen healthy adult participants generated AMs using personally selected cue words. During scanning, participants were cued to retrieve the AMs. We used a moving-window functional connectivity analysis and graph theoretic measures to examine dynamic changes in the strength and centrality of connectivity among regions involved in AM retrieval. Consistent with predictions, early, access-related processing primarily involved a ventral frontal to temporal-parietal network associated with strategic search and initial reactivation of specific episodic memory traces. In addition, neural network connectivity during later retrieval processes was associated with strong connections between occipital-parietal regions and dorsal fronto-parietal regions associated with mental imagery, reliving, and working memory processes. Taken together, these current findings help refine and extend dynamic neural processing models of AM retrieval by providing evidence of the specific connections throughout the brain that change in their synchrony with one another as processing progresses from access of specific event memories to elaborative reliving of the past event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory S Inman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - G Andrew James
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301W. Markham St #554, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
| | - Katherine Vytal
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, 15K North Drive, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Stephan Hamann
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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75
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Working Memory Replay Prioritizes Weakly Attended Events. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0171-17. [PMID: 28824955 PMCID: PMC5560742 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0171-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One view of working memory posits that maintaining a series of events requires their sequential and equal mnemonic replay. Another view is that the content of working memory maintenance is prioritized by attention. We decoded the dynamics for retaining a sequence of items using magnetoencephalography, wherein participants encoded sequences of three stimuli depicting a face, a manufactured object, or a natural item and maintained them in working memory for 5000 ms. Memory for sequence position and stimulus details were probed at the end of the maintenance period. Decoding of brain activity revealed that one of the three stimuli dominated maintenance independent of its sequence position or category; and memory was enhanced for the selectively replayed stimulus. Analysis of event-related responses during the encoding of the sequence showed that the selectively replayed stimuli were determined by the degree of attention at encoding. The selectively replayed stimuli had the weakest initial encoding indexed by weaker visual attention signals at encoding. These findings do not rule out sequential mnemonic replay but reveal that attention influences the content of working memory maintenance by prioritizing replay of weakly encoded events. We propose that the prioritization of weakly encoded stimuli protects them from interference during the maintenance period, whereas the more strongly encoded stimuli can be retrieved from long-term memory at the end of the delay period.
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76
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High Working Memory Load Increases Intracortical Inhibition in Primary Motor Cortex and Diminishes the Motor Affordance Effect. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5544-55. [PMID: 27194334 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0284-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Motor affordances occur when the visual properties of an object elicit behaviorally relevant motor representations. Typically, motor affordances only produce subtle effects on response time or on motor activity indexed by neuroimaging/neuroelectrophysiology, but sometimes they can trigger action itself. This is apparent in "utilization behavior," where individuals with frontal cortex damage inappropriately grasp affording objects. This raises the possibility that, in healthy-functioning individuals, frontal cortex helps ensure that irrelevant affordance provocations remain below the threshold for actual movement. In Experiment 1, we tested this "frontal control" hypothesis by "loading" the frontal cortex with an effortful working memory (WM) task (which ostensibly consumes frontal resources) and examined whether this increased EEG measures of motor affordances to irrelevant affording objects. Under low WM load, there were typical motor affordance signatures: an event-related desynchronization in the mu frequency and an increased P300 amplitude for affording (vs nonaffording) objects over centroparietal electrodes. Contrary to our prediction, however, these affordance measures were diminished under high WM load. In Experiment 2, we tested competing mechanisms responsible for the diminished affordance in Experiment 1. We used paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex to measure long-interval cortical inhibition. We found greater long-interval cortical inhibition for high versus low load both before and after the affording object, suggesting that a tonic inhibition state in primary motor cortex could prevent the affordance from provoking the motor system. Overall, our results suggest that a high WM load "sets" the motor system into a suppressed state that mitigates motor affordances. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Is an irrelevant motor affordance more likely to be triggered when you are under low or high cognitive load? We examined this using physiological measures of the motor affordance while working memory load was varied. We observed a typical motor affordance signature when working memory load was low; however, it was abolished when load was high. Further, there was increased intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex under high working memory load. This suggests that being in a state of high cognitive load "sets" the motor system to be imperturbable to distracting motor influences. This makes a novel link between working memory load and the balance of excitatory/inhibitory activity in the motor cortex and potentially has implications for disorders of impulsivity.
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77
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Balconi M, Vanutelli ME, Grippa E. Resting state and personality component (BIS/BAS) predict the brain activity (EEG and fNIRS measure) in response to emotional cues. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00686. [PMID: 28523228 PMCID: PMC5434191 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study explored the role of resting state and personality component (BIS/BAS measure) on prefrontal cortical responsiveness to emotional cues. Indeed, we supposed that lateralized resting activity (right vs. left) and approach (BAS) versus avoidance (BIS) attitude may explain the successive emotional processing within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) based on the stimulus valence (positive and negative emotional cues). METHODS Hemodynamic (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS) and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures were considered. The resting and experimental brain activity were registered when subjects (N = 21) viewed emotional positive versus negative stimuli (International Affective Picture System, IAPS). LIR eeg and LIR nirs (lateralized Index Response) during resting state, and LI eeg and LI nirs during emotional processing were acquired. RESULTS A set of regression analyses was applied to the multiple measures. The predictive effect of resting activity and approach/avoidance dichotomy were elucidated. Indeed, more left/right resting activity (for both LIR eeg and LIR nirs) predicted the successive more brain left/right response (LI eeg and LI nirs) to emotional cues. Second, significant effects were revealed as a function of valence (increased right response to negative stimuli; increased left response to positive stimuli) during emotion processing. Third, higher BAS values explained an increased left cortical activity in resting state and in experimental condition for positive cues. In contrast, higher BIS values marked an increased right activity in resting state and in experimental condition in response to negative cues. CONCLUSION The significance of trait component for both resting and emotional cue processing was discussed at light of the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy.,Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy
| | - Maria E Vanutelli
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy.,Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grippa
- Department of Psychology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Milan Italy
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Strength and Diversity of Inhibitory Signaling Differentiates Primate Anterior Cingulate from Lateral Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4717-4734. [PMID: 28381592 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3757-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the primate play distinctive roles in the mediation of complex cognitive tasks. Compared with the LPFC, integration of information by the ACC can span longer timescales and requires stronger engagement of inhibitory processes. Here, we reveal the synaptic mechanism likely to underlie these differences using in vitro patch-clamp recordings of synaptic events and multiscale imaging of synaptic markers in rhesus monkeys. Although excitatory synaptic signaling does not differ, the level of synaptic inhibition is much higher in ACC than LPFC layer 3 pyramidal neurons, with a significantly higher frequency (∼6×) and longer duration of inhibitory synaptic currents. The number of inhibitory synapses and the ratio of cholecystokinin to parvalbumin-positive inhibitory inputs are also significantly higher in ACC compared with LPFC neurons. Therefore, inhibition is functionally and structurally more robust and diverse in ACC than in LPFC, resulting in a lower excitatory: inhibitory ratio and a greater dynamic range for signal integration and network oscillation by the ACC. These differences in inhibitory circuitry likely underlie the distinctive network dynamics in ACC and LPC during normal and pathological brain states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play temporally distinct roles during the execution of cognitive tasks (rapid working memory during ongoing tasks and long-term memory to guide future action, respectively). Compared with LPFC-mediated tasks, ACC-mediated tasks can span longer timescales and require stronger engagement of inhibition. This study shows that inhibitory signaling is much more robust and diverse in the ACC than in the LPFC. Therefore, there is a lower excitatory: inhibitory synaptic ratio and a greater dynamic range for signal integration and oscillatory behavior in the ACC. These significant differences in inhibitory synaptic transmission form an important basis for the differential timing of cognitive processing by the LPFC and ACC in normal and pathological brain states.
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79
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Lebar N, Danna J, Moré S, Mouchnino L, Blouin J. On the neural basis of sensory weighting: Alpha, beta and gamma modulations during complex movements. Neuroimage 2017; 150:200-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bidelman GM, Walker BS. Attentional modulation and domain-specificity underlying the neural organization of auditory categorical perception. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:690-699. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Bidelman
- Institute for Intelligent Systems; University of Memphis; Memphis TN USA
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders; University of Memphis; 4055 North Park Loop Memphis TN 38152 USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Univeristy of Tennessee Health Sciences Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Breya S. Walker
- Institute for Intelligent Systems; University of Memphis; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Psychology; University of Memphis; Memphis TN USA
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81
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Gating at early cortical processing stages is associated with changes in behavioural performance on a sensory conflict task. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:179-187. [PMID: 27641325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While there is evidence to show early enhancement of modality-specific somatosensory cortical event-related potentials (ERP) when two stimuli are task-relevant, less is understood about the cortical and behavioural correlates of early modality-specific sensory gating. This study sought to understand how attentional gating affects cortical processing of visual and tactile stimuli at early stages of modality-specific representation. Specifically, alterations in early somatosensory and visual processing based on attentional relevance were examined, along with the effect of an unattended sensory stimulus on cortical processing and behavioural performance. Electroencephalography (EEG) was collected from healthy participants as they performed a sensory selection task. This task required participants to make a scaled motor response to the amplitudes of visual and tactile stimuli presented individually or concurrently. Results showed that the somatosensory N70 ERP was significantly attenuated when tactile stimuli were unattended. When visual stimuli were unattended, modulation of visual potentials occurred later, at the visual P2 potential. Since unattended tactile stimuli were gated at early cortical processing stages, when they were used as distractors, no changes in cortical responses to target stimuli were observed. Additionally, there was no decrease in task accuracy when grading attended stimuli in the presence of a tactile distractor. However, since early gating was not observed in the visual modality, a visual stimulus used as an unattended distractor resulted in smaller-amplitude cortical responses to attended tactile stimuli and less accurate task performance when grading attended stimuli. In conclusion, this study suggests that early gating of unattended stimuli supports modality-specific cortical processing of target stimuli and maintains behavioural task performance.
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82
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Communicating in Challenging Environments: Noise and Reverberation. THE FREQUENCY-FOLLOWING RESPONSE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47944-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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83
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Abstract
The concept of “inhibition” is widely used in synaptic, circuit, and systems neuroscience, where it has a clear meaning because it is clearly observable. The concept is also ubiquitous in psychology. One common use is to connote an active/willed process underlying cognitive control. Many authors claim that subjects execute cognitive control over unwanted stimuli, task sets, responses, memories, and emotions by inhibiting them, and that frontal lobe damage induces distractibility, impulsivity, and perseveration because of damage to an inhibitory mechanism. However, with the exception of the motor domain, the notion of an active inhibitory process underlying cognitive control has been heavily challenged. Alternative explanations have been provided that explain cognitive control without recourse to inhibition as concept, mechanism, or theory. This article examines the role that neuroscience can play when examining whether the psychological concept of active inhibition can be meaningfully applied in cognitive control research. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(3):214—228, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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84
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The relevance of attention in schizophrenia P50 paired stimulus studies. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2448-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Zmigrod S, Zmigrod L, Hommel B. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects stimulus conflict but not response conflict. Neuroscience 2016; 322:320-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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86
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Hill AT, Rogasch NC, Fitzgerald PB, Hoy KE. TMS-EEG: A window into the neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation in non-motor brain regions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:175-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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87
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Gallen CL, Turner GR, Adnan A, D'Esposito M. Reconfiguration of brain network architecture to support executive control in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 44:42-52. [PMID: 27318132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by declines in executive control abilities and changes in underlying brain network architecture. Here, we examined brain networks in young and older adults during a task-free resting state and an N-back task and investigated age-related changes in the modular network organization of the brain. Compared with young adults, older adults showed larger changes in network organization between resting state and task. Although young adults exhibited increased connectivity between lateral frontal regions and other network modules during the most difficult task condition, older adults also exhibited this pattern of increased connectivity during less-demanding task conditions. Moreover, the increase in between-module connectivity in older adults was related to faster task performance and greater fractional anisotropy of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. These results demonstrate that older adults who exhibit more pronounced network changes between a resting state and task have better executive control performance and greater structural connectivity of a core frontal-posterior white matter pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Gallen
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, Sherman Health Sciences Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Areeba Adnan
- Department of Psychology, Sherman Health Sciences Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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88
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Impulsivity, decreased social exploration, and executive dysfunction in a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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89
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Hemodynamic (fNIRS) and EEG (N200) correlates of emotional inter-species interactions modulated by visual and auditory stimulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23083. [PMID: 26976052 PMCID: PMC4791677 DOI: 10.1038/srep23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain activity, considered in its hemodynamic (optical imaging: functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, fNIRS) and electrophysiological components (event-related potentials, ERPs, N200) was monitored when subjects observed (visual stimulation, V) or observed and heard (visual + auditory stimulation, VU) situations which represented inter-species (human-animal) interactions, with an emotional positive (cooperative) or negative (uncooperative) content. In addition, the cortical lateralization effect (more left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC) was explored. Both ERP and fNIRS showed significant effects due to emotional interactions which were discussed at light of cross-modal integration effects. The significance of inter-species effect for the emotional behavior was considered. In addition, hemodynamic and EEG consonant results and their value as integrated measures were discussed at light of valence effect.
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90
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Brown MJ, Staines WR. Differential effects of continuous theta burst stimulation over left premotor cortex and right prefrontal cortex on modulating upper limb somatosensory input. Neuroimage 2016; 127:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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91
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Wang C, Rajagovindan R, Han SM, Ding M. Top-Down Control of Visual Alpha Oscillations: Sources of Control Signals and Their Mechanisms of Action. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:15. [PMID: 26834601 PMCID: PMC4718979 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) are thought to inversely correlate with cortical excitability. Goal-oriented modulation of alpha has been studied extensively. In visual spatial attention, alpha over the region of visual cortex corresponding to the attended location decreases, signifying increased excitability to facilitate the processing of impending stimuli. In contrast, in retention of verbal working memory, alpha over visual cortex increases, signifying decreased excitability to gate out stimulus input to protect the information held online from sensory interference. According to the prevailing model, this goal-oriented biasing of sensory cortex is effected by top-down control signals from frontal and parietal cortices. The present study tests and substantiates this hypothesis by (a) identifying the signals that mediate the top-down biasing influence, (b) examining whether the cortical areas issuing these signals are task-specific or task-independent, and (c) establishing the possible mechanism of the biasing action. High-density human EEG data were recorded in two experimental paradigms: a trial-by-trial cued visual spatial attention task and a modified Sternberg working memory task. Applying Granger causality to both sensor-level and source-level data we report the following findings. In covert visual spatial attention, the regions exerting top-down control over visual activity are lateralized to the right hemisphere, with the dipoles located at the right frontal eye field (FEF) and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) being the main sources of top-down influences. During retention of verbal working memory, the regions exerting top-down control over visual activity are lateralized to the left hemisphere, with the dipoles located at the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) being the main source of top-down influences. In both experiments, top-down influences are mediated by alpha oscillations, and the biasing effect is likely achieved via an inhibition-disinhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajasimhan Rajagovindan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sahng-Min Han
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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92
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Wang F, Huang J, Lv Y, Ma X, Yang B, Wang E, Du B, Li W, Song Y. Predicting perceptual learning from higher-order cortical processing. Neuroimage 2016; 124:682-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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93
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Cognitive mechanisms associated with auditory sensory gating. Brain Cogn 2015; 102:33-45. [PMID: 26716891 PMCID: PMC4727785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sensory gating ratio negatively correlates with fluid intelligence. Sensory gating correlates with continuous performance and latent inhibition tasks. Sensory gating reflects identification and inhibition of irrelevant stimuli. Possible evidence for bottom-up and top-down influences on sensory gating.
Sensory gating is a neurophysiological measure of inhibition that is characterised by a reduction in the P50 event-related potential to a repeated identical stimulus. The objective of this work was to determine the cognitive mechanisms that relate to the neurological phenomenon of auditory sensory gating. Sixty participants underwent a battery of 10 cognitive tasks, including qualitatively different measures of attentional inhibition, working memory, and fluid intelligence. Participants additionally completed a paired-stimulus paradigm as a measure of auditory sensory gating. A correlational analysis revealed that several tasks correlated significantly with sensory gating. However once fluid intelligence and working memory were accounted for, only a measure of latent inhibition and accuracy scores on the continuous performance task showed significant sensitivity to sensory gating. We conclude that sensory gating reflects the identification of goal-irrelevant information at the encoding (input) stage and the subsequent ability to selectively attend to goal-relevant information based on that previous identification.
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94
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Sudo FK, Alves GS, Tiel C, Ericeira-Valente L, Moreira DM, Laks J, Engelhardt E. Neuroimaging criteria and cognitive performance in vascular mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2015; 9:394-404. [PMID: 29213989 PMCID: PMC5619322 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642015dn94000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) at earlier clinical stages may
favor the control of vascular risk factors and prevention of dementia. However,
operational criteria for symptomatic phases at non-dementia stages are often
difficult, as the current criteria normally require the evidence of extensive
subcortical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Kenji Sudo
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza CE, Brazil
| | - Chan Tiel
- Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Setor de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento-INDC-CDA/IPUB, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Letice Ericeira-Valente
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Madeira Moreira
- Serviço de Radiologia, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto (UFRJ); Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliasz Engelhardt
- Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Setor de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento-INDC-CDA/IPUB, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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95
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Sensory modulation of movement, posture and locomotion. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:255-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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96
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Neural correlates for task-relevant facilitation of visual inputs during visually-guided hand movements. Neuroimage 2015; 121:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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97
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Network analysis of human fMRI data suggests modular restructuring after simulated acquired brain injury. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:235-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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98
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Balconi M, Vanutelli ME. Emotions and BIS/BAS components affect brain activity (ERPs and fNIRS) in observing intra-species and inter-species interactions. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 10:750-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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99
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Balconi M, Vanutelli ME. Vocal and visual stimulation, congruence and lateralization affect brain oscillations in interspecies emotional positive and negative interactions. Soc Neurosci 2015; 11:297-310. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2015.1081400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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100
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Terada H, Kurayama T, Nakazawa K, Matsuzawa D, Shimizu E. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) onthe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex alters P50 gating. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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