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West AG, Atkins K, van Blerk JJ, Skelton RP. Assessing vulnerability to embolism and hydraulic safety margins in reed-like Restionaceae. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2024. [PMID: 38588329 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The African Restionaceae (Poales), the dominant graminoid layer in the megadiverse Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, are distributed across a wide range of moisture availability, yet currently there is very little known about the underlying hydraulics of this group. We tested two methods for measuring culm vulnerability to embolism, the optical and pneumatic methods, in three species of Cannomois ranging in habitat from semi-riparian (Cannomois virgata) to dryland (Cannomois parviflora and C. congesta). Estimates of culm xylem vulnerability were coupled with measures of turgor loss point (ΨTLP) and minimum field water potential (ΨMD) to assess hydraulic safety margins. The optical and pneumatic methods produced similar estimates of P50, but differed for P12 and P88. All three species were quite vulnerable to embolism, with P50 of -1.9 MPa (C. virgata), -2.3 MPa (C. congesta), and -2.4 MPa (C. parviflora). Estimates of P50, ΨTLP and ΨMD aligned with habitat moisture stress, with highest values found in the semi-riparian C. virgata. Consistent differences in P50, ΨMD and ΨTLP between species resulted in consistent hydraulic safety margins across species of 0.96 ± 0.1 MPa between ΨMD and P50, with onset of embolism occurring 0.43 ± 0.04 MPa after ΨTLP for all three species. Our study demonstrates that restio occupancy of dry environments involves more than the evolution of highly resistant xylem, suggesting that other aspects of water relations are key to understanding trait-environment relationships in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G West
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - K Atkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - J J van Blerk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - R P Skelton
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Newlands, South Africa
- Department of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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de la Salle S, Bowers H, Birmingham M, Phillips JL, Blier P, Knott V. Auditory P50 Sensory Gating Alterations in Major Depressive Disorder and their Relationship to Clinical Symptoms. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 341:111813. [PMID: 38640589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in depression are pervasive and include impairments in attention and higher-order functions but the degree to which low-level sensory processes are affected is unclear. The present work examined event-related potential (P50 and N100) features of auditory sensory gating (i.e., the ability to inhibit P50/N100 responses to redundant stimuli) and their relationship to depressive symptoms, including ruminations and dysfunctional attitudes. In 18 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 18 healthy volunteers, auditory sensory gating was measured using a paired-stimulus paradigm yielding ratio (rP50, rN100) and difference (dP50, dN100) gating indices, which reflected amplitude reductions from first (S1) to second (S2) stimulus. Patients with MDD exhibited diminished rP50 and dP50 gating scores and delayed S1-N100 latencies compared to healthy volunteers. These measures were positively associated with ruminative thoughts, negative attitudes and degree of depression. Study findings implicate aberrant sensory processing in depressed patients that is related to severity of maladaptive thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de la Salle
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meagan Birmingham
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Phillips
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Blier
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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3
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Wang D, Xia L, Zhang Z, Camkurt MA, Issac A, Wu E, Xiu M, Chen D, Zhang XY. Sex difference in association between cognitive and P50 deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:793-801. [PMID: 37673838 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have reported that sensory gating disorders represented by P50 inhibition may be involved in the pathophysiological process of schizophrenia. However, few studies have explored the relationship between sensory gating disorders and cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore sex differences in the relationship between cognitive and P50 deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia, which has not been reported. A total of 183 chronic schizophrenia patients (128 males and 55 females) and 166 healthy controls (76 males and 90 females) participated in this study. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was measured for cognitive function and P50 components for the sensory gating in all participants. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales (PANSS) was used to assess the psychopathological symptoms in patients. Female patients performed significantly better than male patients in several cognitive domains of MCCB (all p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in P50 components between male and female patients (all p > 0.05). Further analysis showed that in female patients, latency of S2 was negatively correlated with reasoning and problem-solving domain of MCCB (p < 0.05), and P50 ratio was negatively correlated with social cognition domain of MCCB (p < 0.05). In male patients, there was no any correlation between P50 and cognitive domains of MCCB. Our results suggest that there is a sex difference in the association between P50 deficiency and cognitive impairment in Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mehmet A Camkurt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Issac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Sorek Y, Netzer Y, Cohen S, Hochberg U. Rapid leaf xylem acclimation diminishes the chances of embolism in grapevines. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6836-6846. [PMID: 37659088 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Under most conditions tight stomatal regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera) avoids xylem embolism. The current study evaluated grapevine responses to challenging scenarios that might lead to leaf embolism and consequential leaf damage. We hypothesized that embolism would occur if the vines experienced low xylem water potential (Ψx) shortly after bud break or later in the season under a combination of extreme drought and heat. We subjected vines to two potentially dangerous environments: (i) withholding irrigation from a vineyard grown in a heatwave-prone environment, and (ii) subjecting potted vines to terminal drought 1 month after bud break. In the field experiment, a heatwave at the beginning of August resulted in leaf temperatures over 45 °C. However, effective stomatal response maintained the xylem water potential (Ψx) well above the embolism threshold, and no leaf desiccation was observed. In the pot experiment, leaves of well-watered vines in May were relatively vulnerable to embolism with 50% embolism (P50) at -1.8 MPa. However, when exposed to drought, these leaves acclimated their leaf P50 by 0.65 MPa in less than a week and before reaching embolism values. When dried to embolizing Ψx, the leaf damage proportion matched (percentage-wise) the leaf embolism level. Our findings indicate that embolism and leaf damage are usually avoided by the grapevines' efficient stomatal regulation and rapid acclimation of their xylem vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sorek
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yishai Netzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Eastern R and D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Shabtai Cohen
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Uri Hochberg
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Inanc G, Ozgoren M. Primed Tactile Stimulus Processing during Sleep. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2216. [PMID: 38004356 PMCID: PMC10671935 DOI: 10.3390/life13112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate how the primed and unprimed non-painful tactile stimuli during sleep would be processed. A total of 22 healthy subjects (19.55 ± 1.10 years) were randomly divided into two groups. The same stimuli were applied to both groups, but the study group (SG) received them twice (daytime and sleep), whereas the control group (CG) received them only during sleep. A 40-channel PSG and a pneumatic tactile stimulator unit were used. Evoked potential components of the CZ electrode were examined in four sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, and REM). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparison, and the Wilcoxon test was used for in-group evaluations. The P50 and N300 response components were observed in all sleep stages in both groups. P50 decreased as sleep deepened in the SG. The N300 increased as sleep deepened and started to decrease again in the REM stage. Moreover, in N1, the amplitudes of P200-N300 and N300-P450 in the SG were significantly greater than those in the CG. The fact that P50 was observed even in N3 indicates that bottom-up sensory processing continues during sleep. Moreover, the central processing of primed and unprimed stimuli exhibited dynamic differences. Furthermore, an increase in N300 amplitude suggests suppressive processes to facilitate and maintain sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Inanc
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neuroscience, Post Graduate Institute, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Brain and Conscious States Research Center, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Murat Ozgoren
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neuroscience, Post Graduate Institute, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Brain and Conscious States Research Center, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Wang D, Xia L, Zhang Z, Guo J, Tian Y, Zhou H, Xiu M, Chen D, Zhang XY. Association of P50 with social function, but not with cognition in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01711-w. [PMID: 37966511 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Functional deficits including cognitive impairment and social dysfunction are the core symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ), and sensory gating (SG) deficits may be involved in the pathological mechanism of functional deficits in SCZ. This study was to investigate the relationship between defective P50 inhibition and functional deficits in first-episode drug naïve (FEDN) SCZ patients. A total of 95 FEDN SCZ patients and 53 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The Chinese version of UCSD Performance-Based Skills (UPSA), MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and EEG system were used to assess the social function, cognitive performance, and P50 inhibition, respectively. The MCCB total score and eight domain scores were significantly lower in patients with FEDN SCZ than those in HC (all p < 0.05). The UPSA total score and financial skills scores were also significantly lower in SCZ patients than that in the HC (all p < 0.05). Compared with HC, patients with FEDF SCZ had a higher P50 ratio (all p < 0.05). There was no correlation between P50 components and MCCB scores in patients with FEDF SCZ. However, there was only a correlation between the P50 ratio and UPSA financial skills, communication skills, or total score in patients (all p < 0.05). Defective P50 inhibition in FEDN SCZ patients may be associated with social dysfunction but not cognitive impairment, suggesting that the social dysfunction and cognitive impairment of patients with FEDN SCZ may have different pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junru Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang L, Ludden CM, Cullen AJ, Tew KD, Branco de Barros AL, Townsend DM. Nuclear factor kappa B expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115459. [PMID: 37716117 PMCID: PMC10591792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we discuss the role of NF-κB, a proinflammatory transcription factor, in the expression of genes involved in inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis pathways, and link it with prognosis of various human cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We and others have shown that NF-κB activity can be impacted by post-translational S-glutathionylation through reversible formation of a mixed disulfide bond between its cysteine residues and glutathione (GSH). Clinical data analysis showed that high expression of NF-κB correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients, suggesting a tumor promotion function for NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB expression was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and 5-year OS in these patients. NF-κB was over-expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. S-glutathionylation of NF-κB caused negative regulation by interfering with DNA binding activities of NF-κB subunits. In response to oxidants, S-glutathionylation of NF-κB also correlated with enhanced lung inflammation. Thus, S-glutathionylation is an important contributor to NF-κB regulation and clinical results highlight the importance of NF-κB in NSCLC, where NF-κB levels are associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Claudia M Ludden
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alexander J Cullen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Akkawi C, Feuillard J, Diaz FL, Belkhir K, Godefroy N, Peloponese JM, Mougel M, Laine S. Murine leukemia virus (MLV) P50 protein induces cell transformation via transcriptional regulatory function. Retrovirology 2023; 20:16. [PMID: 37700325 PMCID: PMC10496198 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-023-00631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine leukemia virus (MLV) has been a powerful model of pathogenesis for the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Its splice donor (SD')-associated retroelement (SDARE) is important for infectivity and tumorigenesis, but the mechanism remains poorly characterized. Here, we show for the first time that P50 protein, which is produced from SDARE, acts as an accessory protein that transregulates transcription and induces cell transformation. RESULTS By infecting cells with MLV particles containing SDARE transcript alone (lacking genomic RNA), we show that SDARE can spread to neighbouring cells as shown by the presence of P50 in infected cells. Furthermore, a role for P50 in cell transformation was demonstrated by CCK8, TUNEL and anchorage-independent growth assays. We identified the integrase domain of P50 as being responsible for transregulation of the MLV promoter using luciferase assay and RTqPCR with P50 deleted mutants. Transcriptomic analysis furthermore revealed that the expression of hundreds of cellular RNAs involved in cancerogenesis were deregulated in the presence of P50, suggesting that P50 induces carcinogenic processes via its transcriptional regulatory function. CONCLUSION We propose a novel SDARE-mediated mode of propagation of the P50 accessory protein in surrounding cells. Moreover, due to its transforming properties, P50 expression could lead to a cellular and tissue microenvironment that is conducive to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Akkawi
- Team R2D2: Retroviral RNA Dynamics and Delivery, IRIM, UMR9004, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Feuillard
- Team R2D2: Retroviral RNA Dynamics and Delivery, IRIM, UMR9004, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Felipe Leon Diaz
- Team R2D2: Retroviral RNA Dynamics and Delivery, IRIM, UMR9004, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Khalid Belkhir
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, Université Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Godefroy
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, Université Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marylene Mougel
- Team R2D2: Retroviral RNA Dynamics and Delivery, IRIM, UMR9004, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sebastien Laine
- Team R2D2: Retroviral RNA Dynamics and Delivery, IRIM, UMR9004, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Scoffoni C, Albuquerque C, Buckley TN, Sack L. The dynamic multi-functionality of leaf water transport outside the xylem. New Phytol 2023; 239:2099-2107. [PMID: 37386735 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A surge of papers have reported low leaf vulnerability to xylem embolism during drought. Here, we focus on the less studied, and more sensitive, outside-xylem leaf hydraulic responses to multiple internal and external conditions. Studies of 34 species have resolved substantial vulnerability to dehydration of the outside-xylem pathways, and studies of leaf hydraulic responses to light also implicate dynamic outside-xylem responses. Detailed experiments suggest these dynamic responses arise at least in part from strong control of radial water movement across the vein bundle sheath. While leaf xylem vulnerability may influence leaf and plant survival during extreme drought, outside-xylem dynamic responses are important for the control and resilience of water transport and leaf water status for gas exchange and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 612 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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de Faria RQ, dos Santos ARP, Batista TB, Gariepy Y, da Silva EAA, Sartori MMP, Raghavan V. The Effect of Magneto-Priming on the Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1477. [PMID: 37050103 PMCID: PMC10096772 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microwaves have been applied to the drying of seeds of several species due to their maintenance of the quality of the seeds and reduction of time and costs. However, few is known about the effect of microwaves on the increase of the physiological quality of soybean seeds and especially their effects on longevity. Therefore, the use of microwaves as magneto-priming in soybean seeds was the object of study in this work. For this purpose, two soybean cultivars were selected and submitted to the ultra-high frequency (UHF) microwave exposure of 2.45 GHz, in the wavelength of 11 cm, and power of 0.2 W/g, for 15 min. The results showed that this condition of exposure to the microwave brought benefits in both cultivars after treatment. Incremental improvements were observed in the germinability indexes, the seedling length, the water absorption by the seeds, the fresh mass, dry mass, and longevity. The genes related to seed germination and longevity showed superior expression (HSFA3, HSP21, HSP17.6b, EXP, ABI3) with magneto-priming treatment. The data found ensure the use of the technique as a viable option for pre-treatment as magneto-priming in soybean seeds in order to improve seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Q. de Faria
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rod. Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Campus Urutaí, Km-2,5—Zona Rural, Urutaí 75790-000, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda R. P. dos Santos
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Alegrete, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Av. Tiarajú 810, Alegrete 97546-550, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago B. Batista
- Department of Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu. Av. Universitária, n° 3780—Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
| | - Yvan Gariepy
- Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Edvaldo A. A. da Silva
- Department of Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu. Av. Universitária, n° 3780—Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria M. P. Sartori
- Department of Production and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu. Av. Universitária, n° 3780—Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Deepa CK, Varghese A, Felicia Bora CA, Ajith Kumar KG, John L, Asaf M, Chulliparambil S, Ravindran R. Phylogenetic analysis of Babesia gibsoni isolates of south India using apical membrane antigen, 50 kDa surface antigen, and 70 kDa heat shock protein genes. Exp Parasitol 2023; 246:108461. [PMID: 36642297 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of canine babesiosis due to Babesia gibsoni has increased throughout the world including in southern India. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular characterization of B. gibsoni in dogs of Kerala, south India, targeting three specific genes viz., apical membrane antigen (AMA1), 50 kDa surface antigen (P50), and heat shock protein (HSP70) was undertaken in this study. Out of 297 blood samples collected from clinically suspected animals, microscopy detected piroplasms of B. gibsoni in 60 (20.20 per cent), while the PCR targeting the BgP50 gene detected 85 (28.61 per cent). Polymerase chain reaction targeting the BgAMA1 and BgHSP70 detected a lesser number of samples (60 and 65 respectively) as positive. The phylogenetic analysis of BgHSP70 gene sequences did not reveal genetic heterogeneity among the B. gibsoni isolates of South India and from other countries, while the BgP50 gene differentiated the Indian isolates from Japanese isolates. When BgAMA1 was used for phylogenetic analysis, genetic variation was not observed among Indian and Taiwanese isolates, however, differentiated them from the Japanese isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | | | | | - Lijo John
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Muhasin Asaf
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Sunanda Chulliparambil
- Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
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12
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Lang X, Wang D, Zhou H, Wang L, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. P50 inhibition defects, psychopathology and gray matter volume in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103421. [PMID: 36563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating deficits and gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities have been found to be associated with the pathogenesis and psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, no studies have investigated their interrelationship in first-episode treatment-naive (FETN) SCZ patients. METHODS We recruited 52 FETN SCZ patients and 57 healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to measure the psychopathology of the patients. We collected magnetic resonance imaging and P50 inhibition data from all participants. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients had shorter S1 and S2 latencies but larger S2 amplitudes and P50 ratio (Bonferroni adjusted all p < 0.01). In patients, S2 latency was independently associated with PANSS total score, negative symptoms and general psychopathology (t = 2.26-2.58, both P < 0.05), whereas S1 (t = 2.44, P < 0.05) and S2 latencies (t = 2.13, P < 0.05) were associated with PANSS cognitive factor. Moreover, GMV in the left inferior temporal gyrus, left lingual gyrus and right superior occipital gyrus, and bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus were each associated with the P50 components (all p < 0.05). In addition, GMV associated with S2 latency was negatively correlated with PANSS general psychopathology (t = -2.46, p < 0.05) and total score (t = -2.34, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that FETN SCZ patients exhibit deficits in P50 inhibition and GMV of brain regions associated with these deficits may be associated with their psychopathological symptoms, suggesting that brain structures associated with P50 components may be important biomarkers of SCZ psychopathology. Future studies could use a prospective longitudinal design to investigate the potential causal relationship of brain structures associated with P50 components in the psychopathological symptoms of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Wang DM, Xia LY, Zhou HX, Tian Y, Dai QL, Xiu MH, Chen DC, Wang L, Zhang XY. Smoking affects the association between cognitive impairment and P50 inhibition defects in patients with chronic schizophrenia: A case-control study. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103391. [PMID: 36516649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking affects sensory gating, as assessed by the event related potential P50, which is evoked by auditory stimuli and is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, few studies have compared sensory gating and cognitive performance between smoking and non-smoking SCZ patients in the Chinese Han population. METHODS We recruited two groups of Chinese subjects: 128 male chronic SCZ patients and 76 male healthy controls, measuring cognition with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and sensory gating with the P50 EEG components. Based on their smoking status, they were further divided into 4 subgroups: smoking SCZ patients, non-smoking SCZ patients, smoking healthy controls, and non-smoking healthy controls. We assessed psychopathological symptoms of the patients using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, SCZ patients had lower MCCB total score and scores of all 10 tests (all p < 0.05), while SCZ patients had higher S2 amplitudes and P50 ratios (both p < 0.05). When comparing smoking versus non-smoking SCZ patients, non-smokers had significantly better spatial span (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the S1 amplitude was negatively correlated with the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT-R) in smoking patients (p < 0.05), while the S1 latency was negatively correlated with spatial span in non-smoking patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our finding shows a difference in the relationship between sensory gated P50 and cognition in smoking and non-smoking SCZ patients, suggesting that nicotine may improve cognitive and P50 deficits in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Yao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Xia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Long Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Chun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Linnhoff S, Haghikia A, Zaehle T. Cognitive fatigue-related sensory gating deficits in people with multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105950. [PMID: 36493977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive fatigue is highly prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and significantly limits their quality of life. Fatigue can be subdivided into a subjective feeling of constant (trait) or current (state) exhaustion, as well as an objective performance decline, also known as fatigability. However, the current fatigue diagnosis in pwMS is purely subjective, leaving fatigability mostly unattended. Sensorimotor and sensory gating deficits have recently been described as possible objective markers for fatigability in healthy subjects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of prepulse inhibition (PPI) ratios and the P50 sensory gating suppression as surrogate markers for cognitive fatigue in pwMS. METHODS PPI and P50 sensory gating ratios were assessed before and after a 30-min fatigability-inducing AX- continuous performance task. Subjective trait fatigue was operationalized via self-report questionnaires, subjective state fatigue via visual analog scales (VAS), and fatigability via the change in both gating ratios. The data were analyzed using Linear Mixed Models and Pearson correlations. RESULTS We included 18 pwMS and 20 healthy controls (HC) in the final analyses. The task-induced fatigability was more pronounced in pwMS. While the initial PPI and P50 ratios were similar in both groups, P50 sensory gating was significantly disrupted after fatigability induction in pwMS. PPI, on the other hand, decreased in both groups. Moreover, initial P50 sensory gating ratios were negatively associated with subjective trait fatigue in pwMS, indicating that higher trait fatigue is associated with disrupted sensory gating. Finally, fatigability-related changes in P50 sensory gating were associated with the changes in VAS ratings, but only in HC. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that P50 sensory gating is a promising objective fatigue and fatigability parameter. Importantly, P50 sensory gating correlated with subjective trait and state fatigue ratings. Our results extend the subjective fatigue diagnosis and broaden the understanding of pathophysiological neuronal mechanisms in MS-related fatigue. This is the first study to present fatigue-related disruption of sensory gating in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Linnhoff
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39106, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39106, Germany.
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15
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Zhou W, Li S, Hao S, Zhang H, Li T, Li W, Liu J, Wang H, Yang C. Protective effect and mechanism of low P50 haemoglobin oxygen carrier on isolated rat heart. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2022; 50:121-129. [PMID: 35546079 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.2017947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The protection of the isolated heart is very important in heart transplantation surgery, meanwhile, the ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the isolated heart is the main cause of its damage. A timely supply of oxygen can significantly improve the prevention of myocardial ischaemia, however, the cardioprotective solution does not have an oxygen supply function. Haemoglobin Based on Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs) is a kind of nano-oxygen drug, which can effectively and timely supply oxygen to hypoxic organs and tissues. However, the oxygen-carrying and releasing capacity (P50) is different with different HBOCs. The aim of our study was to investigate whether STS (a kind of cardioprotective solution, St Thomas Solution) +different P50 HBOCs provide superior myocardial protection and decrease myocardial injury compared to only STS in rats Langendorff isolated heart perfusion model. The results showed that STS + HBOCs can improve cardiac function at 37 °C for 35 min and 120 min, and reduce myocardial infarctions, pathological changes, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the STS + low P50 HBOCs is more effective than the other two higher P50 HBOCs. We further demonstrated the outstanding protective effect of STS + low P50 HBOCs on cardiac function, reducing myocardial infarctions and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in rat Langendorff isolated heart perfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhou
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shen Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Hao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghui Zhang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjing Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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16
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Böning D, Bloch W, Kuebler WM. Comment on Ceruti et al. Temporal Changes in the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 788. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3376. [PMID: 35743447 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceruti et al. describe in their article very low standard half saturation pressures (P50) in COVID-19 patients, calculated with the Dash et al. equations. By using the Hill equation and Severinghaus‘ coefficients we obtained normal values. The authors who do not present a pathophysiological cause for their results should explain this discrepancy. Independent of the absolute values a continuous moderate decrease of P50 in the surviving patients might be of clinical importance.
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17
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Woyke S, Mair N, Haller T, Ronzani M, Plunser D, Oberacher H, Gatterer H, Rugg C, Ströhle M. The impact of nebulized epoprostenol and iloprost on hemoglobin oxygen affinity: an ex vivo experiment. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L898-L903. [PMID: 35503651 PMCID: PMC9169818 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00084.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalational prostacyclins act as strong vasodilators, potentially improving oxygenation by reducing shunt fraction and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. As prostacyclin receptors are known to be present on human erythrocytes, possible direct effects on hemoglobin oxygen transport were further explored by examining the sole in vitro influence of prostacyclins on hemoglobin oxygen (Hb-O2) affinity. Venous blood samples from 20 healthy volunteers were exposed in vitro to supramaximal doses of epoprostenol, iloprost, and compared with control. By high-throughput measurements, hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curves (ODCs) were derived. Hb-O2 affinity, expressed by P50 and Hill coefficient, was determined and analyzed for three subgroups: males (n = 10), females not taking oral contraceptives (n = 4), and females taking oral contraceptives (n = 6). Epoprostenol significantly decreased P50 in all (males, females without contraceptives, and females taking oral contraceptives) [27.5 (26.4-28.6) mmHg (control) vs. 24.2 (22.7-25.3) mmHg; P < 0.001. median (interquartile range, IQR)] thereby increasing Hb-O2 affinity. Inversely, iloprost only showed significant effects in females taking oral contraceptives where P50 was markedly increased and therefore Hb-O2 affinity decreased [28.4 (27.9-28.9) mmHg (control) vs. 34.4 (32.2-36.0) mmHg; P < 0.001]. Prostacyclin-receptor stimulation and subsequent cAMP-mediated ATP release from erythrocytes are discussed as a possible underlying mechanism for the effect of epoprostenol on Hb-O2 affinity. The reason for the sex hormone-modified iloprost effect remains unclear. Being aware of potentially differing effects on Hb-O2 affinity might help select the right prostacyclin (epoprostenol vs. iloprost) depending on the patient and the underlying disease (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome vs. peripheral arterial disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Woyke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Mair
- Institute of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Haller
- Institute of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Ronzani
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Plunser
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christopher Rugg
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathias Ströhle
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Francis AM, Parks A, Choueiry J, El-Marj N, Impey D, Knott VJ, Fisher DJ. Sensory gating in tobacco-naïve cannabis users is unaffected by acute nicotine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1279-1288. [PMID: 33932162 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term cannabis use has been associated with the appearance of psychotic symptoms and schizophrenia-like cognitive impairments; however these studies may be confounded by concomitant use of tobacco by cannabis users. We aimed to determine if previously observed cannabis-associated deficits in sensory gating would be seen in cannabis users with no history of tobacco use, as evidenced by changes in the P50, N100, and P200 event-related potentials. A secondary objective of this study was to examine the effects of acute nicotine administration on cannabis users with no tobacco use history. METHODS Three components (P50, N100, P200) of the mid-latency auditory-evoked response (MLAER) were elicited by a paired-stimulus paradigm in 43 healthy, non-tobacco smoking male volunteers between the ages of 18-30. Cannabis users (CU, n = 20) were administered nicotine (6 mg) and placebo gum within a randomized, double-blind design. Non-cannabis users (NU, n = 23) did not receive nicotine. RESULTS Between-group sensory gating effects were only observed for the N100, with CUs exhibiting a smaller N100 to S1 of the paired stimulus paradigm, in addition to reduced dN100 (indicating poorer gating). Results revealed no significant sensory gating differences with acute administration of nicotine compared to placebo cannabis conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a relationship between gating impairment and cannabis use; however, acute nicotine administration nicotine does not appear to impact sensory gating function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Francis
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Parks
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joëlle Choueiry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole El-Marj
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Impey
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Verner J Knott
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Derek J Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Hwy, Halifax, NS, B3M 2J6, Canada.
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19
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Sukumaran G, Ezhilarasan D, Ramani P, Merlin RJ. Molecular docking analysis of syringic acid with proteins in inflammatory cascade. Bioinformation 2022; 18:219-225. [PMID: 36518124 PMCID: PMC9722417 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Syringic Acid (SA) is a dimethoxybenzene derived from plants. Dietary SA possesses anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic effects and is of interest as a potential therapeutic medication in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, diabetic cataracts and asthma. It has anti-tumorigenic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma, lung carcinoma and oral mucosal carcinoma. It is also believed to have a protective effect on Acetaminophen induced damage in Wistar rats. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of syringic acid with proteins in inflammatory cascade such as TNF α, NFκB, P50, P65 and IKB for further consideration in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheena Sukumaran
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology,Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jancy Merlin
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Women’s Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Giles AL, Rowland L, Bittencourt PRL, Bartholomew DC, Coughlin I, Costa PB, Domingues T, Miatto RC, Barros FV, Ferreira LV, Groenendijk P, Oliveira AAR, da Costa ACL, Meir P, Mencuccini M, Oliveira RS. Small understorey trees have greater capacity than canopy trees to adjust hydraulic traits following prolonged experimental drought in a tropical forest. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:537-556. [PMID: 34508606 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Future climate change predictions for tropical forests highlight increased frequency and intensity of extreme drought events. However, it remains unclear whether large and small trees have differential strategies to tolerate drought due to the different niches they occupy. The future of tropical forests is ultimately dependent on the capacity of small trees (<10 cm in diameter) to adjust their hydraulic system to tolerate drought. To address this question, we evaluated whether the drought tolerance of neotropical small trees can adjust to experimental water stress and was different from tall trees. We measured multiple drought resistance-related hydraulic traits across nine common neotropical genera at the world's longest-running tropical forest throughfall-exclusion experiment and compared their responses with surviving large canopy trees. Small understorey trees in both the control and the throughfall-exclusion treatment had lower minimum stomatal conductance and maximum hydraulic leaf-specific conductivity relative to large trees of the same genera, as well as a greater hydraulic safety margin (HSM), percentage loss of conductivity and embolism resistance, demonstrating that they occupy a distinct hydraulic niche. Surprisingly, in response to the drought treatment, small trees increased specific hydraulic conductivity by 56.3% and leaf:sapwood area ratio by 45.6%. The greater HSM of small understorey trees relative to large canopy trees likely enabled them to adjust other aspects of their hydraulic systems to increase hydraulic conductivity and take advantage of increases in light availability in the understorey resulting from the drought-induced mortality of canopy trees. Our results demonstrate that differences in hydraulic strategies between small understorey and large canopy trees drive hydraulic niche segregation. Small understorey trees can adjust their hydraulic systems in response to changes in water and light availability, indicating that natural regeneration of tropical forests following long-term drought may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Giles
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - L Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - P R L Bittencourt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - D C Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - I Coughlin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-900, Brazil
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - P B Costa
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil
- Biological Sciences, Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - T Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - R C Miatto
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - F V Barros
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - L V Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Gov Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Brás, Belém PA 66040-170, Brazil
| | - P Groenendijk
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - A A R Oliveira
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Gov Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Brás, Belém PA 66040-170, Brazil
| | - A C L da Costa
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Gov Magalhães Barata, 376 - São Brás, Belém PA 66040-170, Brazil
- Biological Sciences, Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - P Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond St Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - M Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Edifici C Campus de Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - R S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Barão Geraldo, Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil
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21
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Filser M, Gardie B, Wemeau M, Aguilar-Martinez P, Giansily-Blaizot M, Girodon F. Importance of Sequencing HBA1, HBA2 and HBB Genes to Confirm the Diagnosis of High Oxygen Affinity Hemoglobin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:132. [PMID: 35052472 PMCID: PMC8774638 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High oxygen affinity hemoglobin (HOAH) is the main cause of constitutional erythrocytosis. Mutations in the genes coding the alpha and beta globin chains (HBA1, HBA2 and HBB) strengthen the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin (Hb), bringing about tissue hypoxia and a secondary erythrocytosis. The diagnosis of HOAH is based upon the identification of a mutation in HBA1, HBA2 or HBB in specialized laboratories. Phenotypic studies of Hb are also useful, but electrophoretic analysis can be normal in 1/3 of cases. The establishment of the dissociation curve of Hb can be used as another screening test, a shift to the left indicating an increased affinity for Hb. The direct measurement of venous P50 using a Hemox Analyzer is of great importance, but due to specific analytic conditions, it is only available in a few specialized laboratories. Alternatively, an estimated measurement of the P50 can be obtained in most of the blood gas analyzers on venous blood. The aim of our study was therefore to determine whether a normal venous P50 value could rule out HOAH. We sequenced the HBB, HBA1 and HBA2 genes of 75 patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis. Patients had previously undergone an exhaustive medical check-up after which the venous P50 value was defined as normal. Surprisingly, sequencing detected HOAH in three patients (Hb Olympia in two patients, and Hb St Nazaire in another). A careful retrospective examination of their medical files revealed that (i) one of the P50 samples was arterial; (ii) there was some air in another sample; and (iii) the P50 measurement was not actually done in one of the patients. Our study shows that in real life conditions, due to pre-analytical contingencies, a venous P50 value that is classified as being normal may not be sufficient to rule out a diagnosis of HOAH. Therefore, we recommend the systematic sequencing of the HBB, HBA1 and HBA2 genes in the exploration of idiopathic erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Filser
- Biology Division, Department of Biological Hematology, Dijon Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Betty Gardie
- Thorax Institute, Nantes Hospital, CNRS, Inserm, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, Science and Letters Paris University, 75014 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Wemeau
- Blood Disease Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, Lille Hospital, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Martinez
- Department of Biological Hematology, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier Hospital & Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France; (P.A.-M.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - Muriel Giansily-Blaizot
- Department of Biological Hematology, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier Hospital & Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France; (P.A.-M.); (M.G.-B.)
| | - François Girodon
- Biology Division, Department of Biological Hematology, Dijon Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015 Paris, France
- Inserm U1231, Bourgogne University, 21000 Dijon, France
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22
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Vlcek P, Bob P. Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Pre-Attentional Inhibitory Deficits. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:821-827. [PMID: 35422621 PMCID: PMC9005071 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s352157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent findings schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as separate disease entities manifest similarities in neuropsychological functioning. Typical disturbances in both disorders are related to sensory gating deficits characterized by decreased inhibitory functions in responses to various insignificant perceptual signals which are experimentally tested by event related potentials (ERP) and measured P50 wave. In this context, recent findings implicate that disrupted binding and disintegration of consciousness in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that are related to inhibitory deficits reflected in P50 response may explain similarities in psychotic disturbances in both disorders. With this aim, this review summarizes literature about P50 in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Vlcek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bob
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry and UHSL, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, & Faculty of Medicine Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Yang K, Niu Y, Fan F, Chen S, Luo X, Tan S, Wang Z, Tong J, Yang F, Li CSR, Tan Y. Associations of the serum kynurenine pathway metabolites with P50 auditory gating in non-smoking patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1036421. [PMID: 36339840 PMCID: PMC9632432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1036421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the associations between the serum level of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and P50 auditory gating in non-smoking patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 82 non-smoking patients with FES and 73 healthy controls (HC). P50 auditory gating was measured using a fully functional digital 64-channel EEG system, and the components included S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, gating ratio (S2/S1), and amplitude difference (S1-S2). Serum levels of kynurenine and kynurenine acid were assessed using a combination of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS The serum kynurenine (251.46 ± 65.93 ng/ml vs. 320.65 ± 65.89 ng/ml, t = -6.38, p < 0.001), and kynurenine acid levels (5.19 ± 2.22 ng/ml vs. 13.26 ± 4.23 ng/ml, t = -14.73, p < 0.001), S1 amplitude [2.88 (1.79, 3.78) μV vs. 3.08 (2.46, 4.56) μV, Z = -2.17, p = 0.030] and S1-S2 [1.60 (0.63, 2.49) μV vs. 1.92 (1.12, 2.93) μV, Z = -2.23, p = 0.026] in patients with FES were significantly lower than those in HC. The serum kynurenine and kynurenine acid levels were negatively associated with S1-S2 (r = -0.32, p = 0.004 and r = -0.42, p < 0.001; respectively) and positively correlated with S2/S1 ratio (r = 0.34, p = 0.002 and r = 0.35, p = 0.002; respectively) in patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that neuroactive metabolites of the KP might play an important role in sensory gating deficit in first episode patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, metabolites of the KP may be a new target for the treatment of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kebing Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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24
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Gille T, Sesé L, Aubourg E, Bernaudin JF, Richalet JP, Planès C. Is there a shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve in COVID-19? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L174-L175. [PMID: 35015569 PMCID: PMC8759957 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00390.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gille
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Lucile Sesé
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Aubourg
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEA, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Bernaudin
- Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Richalet
- Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Carole Planès
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
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25
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Chen YX, Xu XR, Huang S, Guan RR, Hou XY, Sun JQ, Sun JW, Guo XT. Auditory Sensory Gating in Children With Cochlear Implants: A P50-N100-P200 Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:768427. [PMID: 34938156 PMCID: PMC8685319 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.768427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While a cochlear implant (CI) can restore access to audibility in deaf children, implanted children may still have difficulty in concentrating. Previous studies have revealed a close relationship between sensory gating and attention. However, whether CI children have deficient auditory sensory gating remains unclear. Methods: To address this issue, we measured the event-related potentials (ERPs), including P50, N100, and P200, evoked by paired tone bursts (S1 and S2) in CI children and normal-hearing (NH) controls. Suppressed amplitudes for S2 compared with S1 in these three ERPs reflected sensory gating during early and later phases, respectively. A Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) scale was performed to assess the attentional performance. Results: Significant amplitude differences between S1 and S2 in N100 and P200 were observed in both NH and CI children, indicating the presence of sensory gating in the two groups. However, the P50 suppression was only found in NH children and not in CI children. Furthermore, the duration of deafness was significantly positively correlated with the score of inattention in CI children. Conclusion: Auditory sensory gating can develop but is deficient during the early phase in CI children. Long-term auditory deprivation has a negative effect on sensory gating and attentional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Ran Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-Rui Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Wu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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26
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Xia L, Liu R, Zhou H, Tian Y, Dai Q, Xiu M, Chen D, Wang D, Zhang X. Sex differences in P50 inhibition defects with psychopathology and cognition in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110380. [PMID: 34111493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have shown that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia may be involved in sensory gating that appears to be P50 inhibition. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment and sensory gating disorders in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to explore the sex differences in the relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment and P50 inhibition defects in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, which has not been reported. METHODS 130 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (53 males and 77 females) and 189 healthy controls (87 males and 102 females) participated in the study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the patients' psychopathological symptoms, and the 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) system was used to record the P50 inhibition. RESULTS Male patients had higher PANSS negative symptom, general psychopathology, cognitive factor and total scores than female patients (all p < 0.01). The S1 amplitude was smaller in male than female patients (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that in male patients, S1 latency was contributor to negative symptoms, while S1 latency, S2 latency, age, and smoking status were contributors to cognitive factor (all p < 0.05). In female patients, no P50 component was found to be an independent contributor to PANSS scores (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there is a sex difference in the relationship between clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment and P50 inhibition defects in Chinese Han patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
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Whitton AE, Lewandowski KE, Hall MH. Smoking as a Common Modulator of Sensory Gating and Reward Learning in Individuals with Psychotic Disorders. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1581. [PMID: 34942883 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivational and perceptual disturbances co-occur in psychosis and have been linked to aberrations in reward learning and sensory gating, respectively. Although traditionally studied independently, when viewed through a predictive coding framework, these processes can both be linked to dysfunction in striatal dopaminergic prediction error signaling. This study examined whether reward learning and sensory gating are correlated in individuals with psychotic disorders, and whether nicotine—a psychostimulant that amplifies phasic striatal dopamine firing—is a common modulator of these two processes. We recruited 183 patients with psychotic disorders (79 schizophrenia, 104 psychotic bipolar disorder) and 129 controls and assessed reward learning (behavioral probabilistic reward task), sensory gating (P50 event-related potential), and smoking history. Reward learning and sensory gating were correlated across the sample. Smoking influenced reward learning and sensory gating in both patient groups; however, the effects were in opposite directions. Specifically, smoking was associated with improved performance in individuals with schizophrenia but impaired performance in individuals with psychotic bipolar disorder. These findings suggest that reward learning and sensory gating are linked and modulated by smoking. However, disorder-specific associations with smoking suggest that nicotine may expose pathophysiological differences in the architecture and function of prediction error circuitry in these overlapping yet distinct psychotic disorders.
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28
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Woyke S, Mair N, Ortner A, Haller T, Ronzani M, Rugg C, Ströhle M, Wintersteiger R, Gatterer H. Dose- and Sex-Dependent Changes in Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity by the Micronutrient 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and α-Ketoglutaric Acid. Nutrients 2021; 13:3448. [PMID: 34684449 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is known to increase hemoglobin oxygen affinity (Hb–O2 affinity) and to induce a left shift of the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC). It is under investigation as a therapeutic agent in sickle cell anemia and in conditions where pulmonary oxygen uptake is deteriorated or limited (e.g., various clinical conditions or altitude exposure). The combination of 5-HMF and α-ketoglutaric acid (αKG) is commercially available as a nutritional supplement. To further elucidate dose effects, ODCs were measured in vitro in venous whole blood samples of 20 healthy volunteers (10 female and 10 male) after the addition of three different doses of 5-HMF, αKG and the combination of both. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong dose-dependent increase in Hb–O2 affinity for 5-HMF (R2 = 0.887; p < 0.001) and the commercially available combination with αKG (R2 = 0.882; p < 0.001). αKG alone increased Hb–O2 affinity as well but to a lower extent. Both the combination (5-HMF + αKG) and 5-HMF alone exerted different P50 and Hill coefficient responses overall and between sexes, with more pronounced effects in females. With increasing Hb–O2 affinity, the sigmoidal shape of the ODC was better preserved by the combination of 5-HMF and αKG than by 5-HMF alone. Concerning the therapeutic effects of 5-HMF, this study emphasizes the importance of adequate dosing in various physiological and clinical conditions, where a left-shifted ODC might be beneficial. By preserving the sigmoidal shape of the ODC, the combination of 5-HMF and αKG at low (both sexes) and medium (males only) doses might be able to better maintain efficient oxygen transport, particularly by mitigating potentially deteriorated oxygen unloading in the tissue. However, expanding knowledge on the interaction between 5-HMF and Hb–O2 affinity in vitro necessitates further investigations in vivo to additionally assess pharmacokinetic mechanisms.
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29
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Zhao H, Liu C, Wang C, Zheng X, Peng Y, Lv Y. The Application of ASSRs, P50, and MMN in the Exploration of Cognitive Dysfunction Involving Inputs and Processing in Insomnia Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:714302. [PMID: 34557080 PMCID: PMC8454545 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.714302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective cognitive dysfunction has been commonly found in patients with insomnia, such as attention, memory, speed of information processing, and executive functions. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), P50, mismatch negativity (MMN) can meet varied need and estimate such different cognitive dysfunction. Thus, we can examine whether insomnia is associated with different cognitive dysfunction by such multiple event-related potential (ERP) tasks. Methods we used polysomnography (PSG) to record such objective PSG parameters. ASSR, P50, and MMN were performed in sequence, different ERP components have been analyzed such as latency or amplitude between insomnia group and control group. And we chosed person correlation to make correlation analysis between different ERP components and gender, education, and sleep characteristics. Results there is a significant gender difference of ASSR latency found in insomnia group, and the similar result has been found in suppression ratio of amplitudes (S2:S1) for P50. Additionally, a significant correlation between sleep characteristics and ASSR, P50 has been found. Furthermore, there was a significant difference of MMN latency between insomnia and control group, and between sleep characteristics and varied MMN parameters as latency and amplitude. Discussion our results suggested robust electrophysiological abnormalities as ASSR, P50, and MMN in insomnia patients. Such abnormalities included gender difference, education difference, difference in depressive tendency, and difference in sleep parameters. That results revealed varied cognitive dysfunction involving inputs and processing in insomnia patients. And at the same time, we have also explored the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the cognitive dysfunction with such different ERP tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yudan Lv
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Woyke S, Ströhle M, Brugger H, Strapazzon G, Gatterer H, Mair N, Haller T. High-throughput determination of oxygen dissociation curves in a microplate reader-A novel, quantitative approach. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14995. [PMID: 34427400 PMCID: PMC8383715 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro determination of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) requires highly elaborate, specialized, and costly technical equipment. In addition, there is a lack of methods that combine reliable ODC recordings with high throughput in small blood samples for routine analysis. We here introduce a modified, commercial 96-well plate with an integrated unidirectional gas flow system specifically adapted for use in fluorescence microplate readers. Up to 92 samples of whole or hemolyzed, buffered or unbuffered blood, including appropriate controls or internal standard hemoglobin solutions, can be analyzed within ~25 min. Oxygen saturation is measured in each well with dual wavelength spectroscopy, and oxygen partial pressure using fluorescence lifetime of commercial oxygen sensors at the in- and outlet ports of the gas-flow system. Precision and accuracy of this method have been determined and were compared with those of a standard method. We further present two applications that exemplarily highlight the usefulness and impact of this novel approach for clinical diagnostics or basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Woyke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute of Mountain Emergency MedicineEurac ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | - Mathias Ströhle
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute of Mountain Emergency MedicineEurac ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute of Mountain Emergency MedicineEurac ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency MedicineEurac ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | - Norbert Mair
- Department of Physiology and Medical PhysicsInstitute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Haller
- Department of Physiology and Medical PhysicsInstitute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Zhang Y, So BE, Farrell AP. Hypoxia Performance Curve: Assess a Whole-Organism Metabolic Shift from a Maximum Aerobic Capacity towards a Glycolytic Capacity in Fish. Metabolites 2021; 11:447. [PMID: 34357341 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of measuring whole-animal performance to frame the metabolic response to environmental hypoxia is well established. Progressively reducing ambient oxygen (O2) will initially limit maximum metabolic rate as a result of a hypoxemic state and ultimately lead to a time-limited, tolerance state supported by substrate-level phosphorylation when the O2 supply can no longer meet basic needs (standard metabolic rate, SMR). The metabolic consequences of declining ambient O2 were conceptually framed for fishes initially by Fry's hypoxic performance curve, which characterizes the hypoxemic state and its consequences to absolute aerobic scope (AAS), and Hochachka's concept of scope for hypoxic survival, which characterizes time-limited life when SMR cannot be supported by O2 supply. Yet, despite these two conceptual frameworks, the toolbox to assess whole-animal metabolic performance remains rather limited. Here, we briefly review the ongoing debate concerning the need to standardize the most commonly used assessments of respiratory performance in hypoxic fishes, namely critical O2 (the ambient O2 level below which maintenance metabolism cannot be sustained) and the incipient lethal O2 (the ambient O2 level at which a fish loses the ability to maintain upright equilibrium), and then we advance the idea that the most useful addition to the toolbox will be the limiting-O2 concentration (LOC) performance curve. Using Fry & Hart's (1948) hypoxia performance curve concept, an LOC curve was subsequently developed as an eco-physiological framework by Neil et al. and derived for a group of fish during a progressive hypoxia trial by Claireaux and Lagardère (1999). In the present review, we show how only minor modifications to available respirometry tools and techniques are needed to generate an LOC curve for individual fish. This individual approach to the LOC curve determination then increases its statistical robustness and importantly opens up the possibility of examining individual variability. Moreover, if peak aerobic performance at a given ambient O2 level of each individual is expressed as a percentage of its AAS, the water dissolved O2 that supports 50% of the individual's AAS (DOAAS-50) can be interpolated much like the P50 for an O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve (when hemoglobin is 50% saturated with O2). Thus, critical O2, incipient lethal O2, DOAAS-50 and P50 and can be directly compared within and across species. While an LOC curve for individual fish represents a start to an ongoing need to seamlessly integrate aerobic to anaerobic capacity assessments in a single, multiplexed respirometry trial, we close with a comparative exploration of some of the known whole-organism anaerobic and aerobic capacity traits to examine for correlations among them and guide the next steps.
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Xia L, Wang D, Wei G, Wang J, Zhou H, Xu H, Tian Y, Dai Q, Xiu M, Chen D, Wang L, Zhang X. P50 inhibition defects with psychopathology and cognitive impairment in patients with first-episode drug naïve schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 107:110246. [PMID: 33453321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have announced that P50 inhibition defects represent sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia, but studies seldom have searched the correlation between P50 inhibition defects and the psychopathology or cognitive impairment of patients with first-episode, drug naïve (FEDN) of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the auditory sensory gating deficits in a large number of Han patients with FEDN schizophrenia and their correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 130 patients with FEDN schizophrenia and 189 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor model were used to score the psychopathology of the patients, and P50 inhibition was recorded using the 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) system. RESULTS Patients exhibited significantly longer S1 and S2 latency, lower S1 and S2 amplitudes and lower P50 difference than healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Significant correlations existed between S1 latency and PANSS negative symptoms or cognitive factor, P50 ratio and general psychopathology, P50 ratio and PANSS total score, P50 difference and general psychopathology, and P50 difference and PANSS total score (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that S1 latency, sex, age, and education were contributors to negative symptom score (all p < 0.05). S1 latency, S2 latency, sex, age, and smoking status were contributors to cognitive factor (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that patients with FEDN schizophrenia have P50 inhibition defects, which may be related to their psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxia Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qilong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dachun Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Gille T, Sesé L, Aubourg E, Fabre EE, Cymbalista F, Ratnam KC, Valeyre D, Nunes H, Richalet JP, Planès C. The Affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen Is Not Altered During COVID-19. Front Physiol 2021; 12:578708. [PMID: 33912067 PMCID: PMC8072381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.578708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A computational proteomic analysis suggested that SARS-CoV-2 might bind to hemoglobin (Hb). The authors hypothesized that this phenomenon could result in a decreased oxygen (O2) binding and lead to hemolytic anemia as well. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the affinity of Hb for O2 was altered during COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, single-center study, the blood gas analyses of 100 COVID-19 patients were compared to those of 100 non-COVID-19 patients. Fifty-five patients with carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) ≥8% and 30 with sickle cell disease (SCD) were also included ("positive controls" with abnormal Hb affinity). P50 was corrected for body temperature, pH, and PCO2. Results: Patients did not differ statistically for age or sex ratio in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Median P50 at baseline was 26 mmHg [25.2-26.8] vs. 25.9 mmHg [24-27.3], respectively (p = 0.42). As expected, P50 was 22.5 mmHg [21.6-23.8] in the high HbCO group and 29.3 mmHg [27-31.5] in the SCD group (p < 0.0001). Whatever the disease severity, samples from COVID-19 to non-COVID-19 groups were distributed on the standard O2-Hb dissociation curve. When considering the time-course of P50 between days 1 and 18 in both groups, no significant difference was observed. Median Hb concentration at baseline was 14 g.dl-1 [12.6-15.2] in the COVID-19 group vs. 13.2 g.dl-1 [11.4-14.7] in the non-COVID-19 group (p = 0.006). Among the 24 COVID-19 patients displaying anemia, none of them exhibited obvious biological hemolysis. Conclusion: There was no biological argument to support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 could alter O2 binding to Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gille
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Lucile Sesé
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Aubourg
- CNRS, CEA, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle E Fabre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 978 ASIH, UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Florence Cymbalista
- Inserm UMR 978 ASIH, UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie-Biologie, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Kayaththiry Caroline Ratnam
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie-Biologie, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Paul Richalet
- Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Carole Planès
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Avicenne, GHUPSSD, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France.,Inserm UMR 1272 "Hypoxie et Poumon," UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
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Yükselay Ö, Gıca Ş, Yalçın M, Guleç MY, Güleç H. Investigation of auditory P50 sensory gating with sexual visual stimuli in patients with vaginismus. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:251-257. [PMID: 33814257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate sensory information processing induced by visual sexual stimuli and to assess its relationship with sexual behaviors and symptoms in patients with vaginismus. METHODS Twenty-one patients with vaginismus and 20 controls were included in the study. The sociodemographic information and sexual life history of the patients with vaginismus and controls were examined and electrophysiological measurements related to auditory P50 sensory gating were obtained using a double click paradigm during by sexual/horror visual stimulation, which was thought to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS P50 suppression ratios during visual sexual stimuli were lower in vaginismus group compared to the control group. There was no difference in P50 suppression ratios during visual horror stimuli when the two groups were compared. The P50 suppression of the vaginismus group with visual sexual stimuli was found to be lower than P50 suppression with visual horror stimuli. A positive moderate correlation was found between the duration of foreplay and P50 suppression ratio during visual sexual stimuli in vaginismus group. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that patients with vaginismus had sensory gating impairment during visual sexual stimuli. Increase in the duration of foreplay in vaginismus patients may improve sensory gating impairment by affecting sensory gating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Yükselay
- University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şakir Gıca
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Yalçın
- University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Medine Yazıcı Guleç
- University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Güleç
- University of Health Sciences, Erenköy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Storozheva ZI, Akhapkin RV, Bolotina OV, Korendrukhina A, Novototsky-Vlasov VY, Shcherbakova IV, Kirenskaya AV. Sensorimotor and sensory gating in depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:183-193. [PMID: 32420779 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1770859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal attentional and cognitive processes are thought to increase the risk for depression and anxiety. To improve understanding of brain mechanisms of anxiety and depressive disorders and condition of their comorbidity, the study of early attentional processes was provided. METHODS Participants were patients with depressive (80 s.), anxiety (69 s.), and comorbid (41 s.) disorders, and healthy volunteers (50 s.). Acoustic startle response (ASR) and P50 component of the auditory event-related potential were recorded. RESULTS In the ASR model decreased startle response amplitude at the left eye in patients with comorbid disorder was found, and ASR latency was lengthened in all clinical groups. Deficit of prepulse inhibition was unique for comorbid disorder, and might be considered as risk of evolution to more serious condition. Reduced prepulse facilitation was revealed in patients with comorbid and anxiety disorders. In P50 suppression paradigm decreased S1 response amplitude was revealed in all clinical groups, P50 latency was prolonged in depressive and comorbid patients, and P50 suppression deficit was observed in depression and anxiety groups. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results might be useful for development of integrative neural models of comorbidity of anxiety and depression, and elaboration of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida I Storozheva
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Akhapkin
- Department of new drugs and therapies, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Bolotina
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Korendrukhina
- Department of new drugs and therapies, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Y Novototsky-Vlasov
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anna V Kirenskaya
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Takeuchi N, Fujita K, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Kanemoto K, Nishihara M, Inui K. Test-retest reliability of paired pulse suppression paradigm using auditory change-related response. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 352:109087. [PMID: 33508410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory suppression is an important brain function for appropriate processing of information and is known to be impaired in patients with various types of mental illness. Long latency suppression which is a paradigm using change-related cortical response with repeated paired pulses embedded in a train of conditioning pulses is a factor used to measure sensory suppression. NEW METHOD The present study assessed the test-retest reliability of long-latency suppression in latency, amplitude, and suppression rate of the P50, N100, and P200 components of auditory evoked potentials in 35 healthy adults. The sound stimulus was repeats of a 25-ms pure tone at 65 dB and 2000 ms in total duration, during which the sound pressure level was increased to 80 dB twice at 1100 ms and 1700 ms. Measurements were performed twice and the validity of the findings was evaluated using intra-class correlations. RESULTS The results showed high intra-class correlation (ICC) values (>0.7) for the amplitude of all components, except for P50 (0.44), while latency also showed high ICC values (>0.66), except for P50 (0.20). In addition, the suppression rate showed good reproducibility for the N100-P200 component (0.60). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD The method can be performed with a short inspection time of approximately 5 min and provides high ICC values. In addition, it may reflect suppression mechanisms different from those relating to existing methods. CONCLUSION These results support the use of long latency suppression as a biomarker in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, 444-8553, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan; Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
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Parker DA, Trotti RL, McDowell JE, Keedy SK, Gershon ES, Ivleva EI, Pearlson GD, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA. Auditory paired-stimuli responses across the psychosis and bipolar spectrum and their relationship to clinical features. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020; 3:100014. [PMID: 36644018 PMCID: PMC9837793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background EEG responses during auditory paired-stimuli paradigms are putative biomarkers of psychosis syndromes. The initial iteration of the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP1) showed unique and common patterns of abnormalities across schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), and bipolar disorder with psychosis (BDP). This study replicates those findings in new and large samples of psychosis cases and extends them to an important comparison group, bipolar disorder without psychosis (BDNP). Methods Paired stimuli responses from 64-sensor EEG recording were compared across psychosis (n = 597; SZ = 225, SAD = 201, BDP = 171), BDNP (n = 66), and healthy (n = 415) subjects from the second iteration of B-SNIP. EEG activity was analyzed in voltage and in the time-frequency domain. Principal component analysis (PCA) over sensors (sPCA) was used to efficiently capture EEG voltage responses to the paired stimuli. Evoked power was calculated via a Morlet wavelet procedure. A frequency PCA divided evoked power data into three frequency bands: Low (4-17 Hz), Beta (18-32 Hz), and Gamma (33-55 Hz). Each time-course (ERP Voltage, Low, Beta, and Gamma) were then segmented into 20 ms bins and analyzed for group differences. To efficiently summarize the multiple EEG components that best captured group differences we used multivariate discriminant and correlational analyses. This approach yields a reduced set of measures that may be useful in subsequent biomarker investigations. Results Group ANOVAs identified 17 time-ranges that showed significant group differences (p < .05 after FDR correction), constructively replicating B-SNIP1 findings. Multivariate linear discriminant analysis parsimoniously selected variables that best accounted for group differences: The P50 response to S1 and S2 uniquely separated BDNP from healthy and psychosis subjects (BDNP > all other groups); the S1 N100 response separated groups along an axis of psychopathology severity (HC > BDNP > BDP > SAD > SZ); the S1 P200 response indexed psychosis psychopathology (HC/BDNP > SAD/SZ/BDP); and the preparatory period to the S2 stimulus separated SZ from other groups (SZ > SAD/BDP>HC/BDNP).Canonical correlation identified an association between the neural responses during the S1 N100, S1 N200 and S2 preparatory period and PANSS positive symptoms and social functioning. The neural responses during the S1 P50 and S1 N100 were associated with PANSS Negative/General, MADRS and Young Mania symptoms. Conclusions This study constructively replicated prior B-SNIP1 research on auditory deviations observed during the paired stimuli task in SZ, SAD and BDP. Inclusion of a group of BDNP allows for the identification of biomarkers more closely related to affective versus nonaffective clinical phenotypes and neural distinctions between BDP and BDNP. Findings have implications for nosology and future translational work given that some biomarkers are shared across all psychosis and some are unique to affective syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer E. McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Sarah K. Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, United States of America
| | - Elliot S. Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, United States of America
| | - Elena I. Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, United States of America
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, United States of America
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, United States of America
| | - Brett A. Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Georgia, Corresponding author at: Psychology Department, 125 Jackson Street, Athens GA, 30601, Greece. (B.A. Clementz)
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Evans BA, Ansari AK, Kamyszek RW, Salvagno M, Welsby J, Fuller M, Welsby I. Modulation of red blood cell oxygen affinity with a novel allosteric modifier of hemoglobin is additive to the Bohr effect. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 87:102520. [PMID: 33242840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bohr effect describes hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen dependent on solution pH. Within pH range 6.0-8.5, hemoglobin's oxygen affinity decreases with decreasing pH. This results in increased oxygen delivery to metabolically active, acidic tissues and improved oxygen uptake in basic regions including lung tissue. Myo-Inositol tripyrophosphate (ITPP) translocates the erythrocyte membrane and allosterically modifies hemoglobin (Hb). We tested the hypothesis that ITPP does not abrogate the Bohr effect. METHODS Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of increasing concentrations of ITPP on P50 with varying pH. We incubated 10 mL red blood cells at 37 °C for 1 h with ITPP concentrations from 0 to 240 mM. The Clark oxygen electrode (Hemox-Analyzer; TCS Scientific, New Hope, PA) determined oxygen affinity of each sample, in triplicate, using buffers pH 6.8, 7.4, and 7.6. A mixed linear regression model with fixed effects for ITPP concentration and pH was used. RESULTS Increasing ITPP concentration and decreasing pH increased P50 (p < 0.0001 for ITPP concentration, p < 0.0001 for pH). ITPP modulated increased P50 in normal pH (7.4) and acidic condition pH (6.8); with no effect at alkaline pH (7.6). CONCLUSION The Bohr effect is conserved, with ITPP augmenting the decreased oxygen affinity seen with tissue acidosis, while not affecting oxygen affinity in conditions similar to a pulmonary microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Evans
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - Andrea K Ansari
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Reed W Kamyszek
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Michele Salvagno
- Padova University Hospital, Department of Medicine Anesthesia and Resuscitation Institute DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - John Welsby
- Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew Fuller
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Ian Welsby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Rovný R, Besterciová D, Riečanský I. Genetic Determinants of Gating Functions: Do We Get Closer to Understanding Schizophrenia Etiopathogenesis? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:550225. [PMID: 33324248 PMCID: PMC7723973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.550225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in the gating of sensory stimuli, i.e., the ability to suppress the processing of irrelevant sensory input, are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular schizophrenia. Gating is disrupted both in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected relatives, suggesting that gating deficit may represent a biomarker associated with a genetic liability to the disorder. To assess the strength of the evidence for the etiopathogenetic links between genetic variation, gating efficiency, and schizophrenia, we carried out a systematic review of human genetic association studies of sensory gating (suppression of the P50 component of the auditory event-related brain potential) and sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response). Sixty-three full-text articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. In total, 117 genetic variants were reported to be associated with gating functions: 33 variants for sensory gating, 80 variants for sensorimotor gating, and four variants for both sensory and sensorimotor gating. However, only five of these associations (four for prepulse inhibition-CHRNA3 rs1317286, COMT rs4680, HTR2A rs6311, and TCF4 rs9960767, and one for P50 suppression-CHRNA7 rs67158670) were consistently replicated in independent samples. Although these variants and genes were all implicated in schizophrenia in research studies, only two polymorphisms (HTR2A rs6311 and TCF4 rs9960767) were also reported to be associated with schizophrenia at a meta-analytic or genome-wide level of evidence. Thus, although gating is widely considered as an important endophenotype of schizophrenia, these findings demonstrate that evidence for a common genetic etiology of impaired gating functions and schizophrenia is yet unsatisfactory, warranting further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Rovný
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Besterciová
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Riečanský
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Oo TH. Secondary erythrocytosis due to hemoglobin San Diego. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2020; 34:159-160. [PMID: 33456185 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1824980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-oxygen-affinity hemoglobin variants are a rare clinical entity that can present with secondary erythrocytosis. Herein, the author reports a case of a 41-year-old man with a 4-year history of secondary erythrocytosis of unknown etiology. Physical examination was unremarkable except for plethora of the palms. Myeloproliferative neoplasms and common causes of secondary erythrocytosis were ruled out. The P50 oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve was left shifted. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was silent; however, globin mass spectrometry revealed a β-globin variant. Globin sequencing confirmed hemoglobin San Diego. This case highlights the fact that rare high-oxygen-affinity variants should be considered in the differential diagnoses of secondary erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thein Hlaing Oo
- Section of Benign Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Yu B, Zhao JX, Shi B, Zhu YH, Chen C. [Effect of risperidone on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and P50 deficit in patients with first-episode and chronic schizophrenia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:2841-2845. [PMID: 32988144 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200323-00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of antipsychotic medicine risperidone on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) and P50 deficit in patients with first-episode and chronic. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 36 patients with chronic schizophrenia, both in acute stage, were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with risperidone of different doses (2 to 6mg/d). All patients fulfilled the evaluation of PPI and P50 before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment. The psychotic symptoms were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the therapeutic effects were evaluated with PANSS reduction rate. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in PPI and P50 parameters between the two groups before treatment (PPI ratio: first group 43%±29%, chronic group 42%±27%, P>0.05; P50 S2/S1 ratio: first group 83%±33%, chronic group 82%±24%, P>0.05). (2) There was no significant correlation between PPI and P50 inhibition parameters and disease course, psychotic episodes and psychiatric symptoms (PANSS total score, positive symptoms score, negative symptoms score and general psychopathology symptoms score) of schizophrenia (P>0.05). (3) Except the group main effect for S2 amplitude (F=5.75, P=0.019), there was no significant change for main effect and interaction of the other P50 and PPI inhibition ratio parameters after treatment (P50 S2/S1 ratio: first group before treatment 83%±33%, after treatment 85%±49%, P>0.05; chronic group before treatment 82%±44%, after treatment 84%±35%, P>0.05. PPI ratio: first group before treatment 43%±29%, after treatment 42%±27%; chronic group before treatment 42%±27%, after treatment 41%±28%,P>0.05). The effect of risperidone on P50 and PPI parameters was not related to the therapeutic effect. Conclusion: Deficit in sensory gating inhibition exists in both first-episode schizophrenia and chronic schizophrenia, and risperidone is not effective in treating the deficit in sensory gating (PPI and P50) inhibition of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Hospital of Jinghua, Jinhua 321016, China
| | - J X Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Hospital of Jinghua, Jinhua 321016, China
| | - B Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Hospital of Jinghua, Jinhua 321016, China
| | - Y H Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University Jinhua 321000, China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Judicial Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325005, China
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Takeuchi N, Kinukawa T, Sugiyama S, Inui K, Nishihara M. Test-retest reliability of prepulse inhibition paradigm using auditory evoked potentials. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:187-194. [PMID: 32987086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a neurological phenomenon in which a weak initial stimulus reduces the level of responses to a subsequent stronger stimulus. Although acoustic startle reflexes are usually used for PPI examinations, recent studies have observed similar phenomena with event-related cortical potentials. In the present study, test-retest reliability of PPI measured using auditory change-related cortical responses was assessed in 35 healthy adults. Four sound stimuli were randomly presented at an even probability; Standard, Test alone, Prepulse alone, and Test + Prepulse. The Standard stimulus was a train of 25-ms tone pulses at 70 dB for 650 ms, while for Test alone and Prepulse alone, the sound pressure was increased to 80 dB at 350 ms and 73 dB at 300 ms, respectively. Measurements were performed twice with at least 7 days separation, and validity was evaluated using intra-class correlation (ICC) for latency, amplitude, and suppression rate of the P50, N100, and P200 components. The results showed high ICC values for the latency and amplitude of nearly all components, except for response to Prepulse alone (0.3-0.6). Furthermore, ICC for suppression rate was greater than 0.5 for the peak-to-peak amplitude. Good reproducibility for N100 and P200 components was obtained with this method. The present results support the PPI paradigm as a reliable tool for clinical measurements of inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takeuchi
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki 444-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Neuropsychiatric Department, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan; Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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Nguyen AT, Hetrick WP, O'Donnell BF, Brenner CA. Abnormal beta and gamma frequency neural oscillations mediate auditory sensory gating deficit in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 124:13-21. [PMID: 32109667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating is a process in which the brain's response to irrelevant and repetitive stimuli is inhibited. The sensory gating deficit in schizophrenia (SZ) is typically measured by the ratio or difference score of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes in response to a paired click paradigm. While the P50 gating effect has usually been measured in relation to the peak amplitude of the S1 and S2 P50 ERPs, there is increasing evidence that inhibitory processes may be reflected by evoked or induced oscillatory activity during the inter-click interval in the beta (20-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz) frequency bands. We therefore examined the relationship between frequency specific activity in the inter-click interval with gating effects in the time and frequency domains. METHOD Paired-auditory stimuli were presented to 131 participants with schizophrenia and 196 healthy controls (HC). P50 ERP amplitudes to S1 and S2as well as averaged- and single-trial beta (20-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz) frequency power during the inter-click interval were measured from the CZ electrode site. RESULTS In the time domain, P50 gating deficits were apparent in both ratio and difference scores. This effect was mainly due to smaller S1 amplitudes in the patient group. SZ patients exhibited less evoked beta and gamma power, particularly at the 0-100 ms time point, in response to S1. Early (0-100 ms) evoked beta and gamma responses were critical in determining the S1 amplitude and extent of P50 gating across the delay interval for both HC and SZ. CONCLUSION Our findings support a disruption in initial sensory registration in those with SZ, and do not support an active mechanism throughout the delay interval. The degree of response to S1 and early beta and gamma frequency oscillations in the delay interval provides information about the mechanisms supporting auditory sensory gating, and may provide a framework for studying the mechanisms that support sensory inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Nguyen
- Loma Linda University, Department of Psychology, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - William P Hetrick
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Larue D. Carter Hospital, 2601 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46220, USA
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Larue D. Carter Hospital, 2601 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46220, USA
| | - Colleen A Brenner
- Loma Linda University, Department of Psychology, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Carraro U. Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8826. [PMID: 32499887 PMCID: PMC7254447 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century of skeletal muscle research is continuing at Padua University (Italy) under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) and recently also with the support of the A&CM-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy. The Volume 30(1), 2020 of the EJTM opens with the collection of abstracts for the conference "2020 Padua Muscle Days: Mobility Medicine 30 years of Translational Research". This is an international conference that will be held between March 18-21, 2020 in Euganei Hills and Padova in Italy. The abstracts are excellent examples of translational research and of the multidimensional approaches that are needed to classify and manage (in both the acute and chronic phases) diseases of Mobility that span from neurologic, metabolic and traumatic syndromes to the biological process of aging. One of the typical aim of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is indeed to reduce pain and increase mobility enough to enable impaired persons to walk freely, garden, and drive again. The excellent contents of this Collection of Abstracts reflect the high scientific caliber of researchers and clinicians who are eager to present their results at the PaduaMuscleDays. A series of EJTM Communications will also add to this preliminary evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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Ocheltree TW, Mueller KM, Chesus K, LeCain DR, Kray JA, Blumenthal DM. Identification of suites of traits that explains drought resistance and phenological patterns of plants in a semi-arid grassland community. Oecologia 2020; 192:55-66. [PMID: 31932921 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are comprised of plants that occupy a wide array of phenological niches and vary considerably in their ability to resist the stress of seasonal soil-water deficits. Yet, the link between plant drought resistance and phenology remains unclear in perennial grassland ecosystems. To evaluate the role of soil water availability and plant drought tolerance in driving phenology, we measured leaf hydraulic conductance (Ksat), resistance to hydraulic failure (P50), leaf gas exchange, plant and soil water stable isotope ratios (δ18O), and several phenology metrics on ten perennial herbaceous species in mixed-grass prairie. The interaction between P50 and δ18O of xylem water explained 67% of differences in phenology, with lower P50 values associated with later season activity, but only among shallow-rooted species. In addition, stomatal control and high water-use efficiency also contributed to the late flowering and late senescence strategies of plants that had low P50 values and relied upon shallow soil water. Alternatively, plants with deeper roots did not possess drought-tolerant leaves, but had high hydraulic efficiency, contributing to their ability to efficiently move water longer distances while maintaining leaf water potential at relatively high values. The suites of traits that characterize these contrasting strategies provide a mechanistic link between phenology and plant-water relations; thus, these traits could help predict grassland community responses to changes in water availability, both temporally and vertically within the soil profile.
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Shen CL, Chou TL, Lai WS, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Liu CM, Hwu HG. P50, N100, and P200 Auditory Sensory Gating Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:868. [PMID: 33192632 PMCID: PMC7481459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating describes neurological processes of filtering out redundant or unnecessary stimuli during information processing, and sensory gating deficits may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Among the three components of auditory event-related potentials reflecting sensory gating, P50 implies pre-attentional filtering of sensory information and N100/P200 reflects attention triggering and allocation processes. Although diminished P50 gating has been extensively documented in patients with schizophrenia, previous studies on N100 were inconclusive, and P200 has been rarely examined. This study aimed to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have P50, N100, and P200 gating deficits compared with control subjects. METHODS Control subjects and clinically stable schizophrenia patients were recruited. The mid-latency auditory evoked responses, comprising P50, N100, and P200, were measured using the auditory-paired click paradigm without manipulation of attention. Sensory gating parameters included S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, amplitude difference (S1-S2), and gating ratio (S2/S1). We also evaluated schizophrenia patients with PANSS to be correlated with sensory gating indices. RESULTS One hundred four patients and 102 control subjects were examined. Compared to the control group, schizophrenia patients had significant sensory gating deficits in P50, N100, and P200, reflected by larger gating ratios and smaller amplitude differences. Further analysis revealed that the S2 amplitude of P50 was larger, while the S1 amplitude of N100/P200 was smaller, in schizophrenia patients than in the controls. We found no correlations between sensory gating indices and schizophrenia positive or negative symptom clusters. However, we found a negative correlation between the P200 S2 amplitude and Bell's emotional discomfort factor/Wallwork's depressed factor. CONCLUSION Till date, this study has the largest sample size to analyze P50, N100, and P200 collectively by adopting the passive auditory paired-click paradigm without distractors. With covariates controlled for possible confounds, such as age, education, smoking amount and retained pairs, we found that schizophrenia patients had significant sensory gating deficits in P50-N100-P200. The schizophrenia patients had demonstrated a unique pattern of sensory gating deficits, including repetition suppression deficits in P50 and stimulus registration deficits in N100/200. These results suggest that sensory gating is a pervasive cognitive abnormality in schizophrenia patients that is not limited to the pre-attentive phase of information processing. Since P200 exhibited a large effect size and did not require additional time during recruitment, future studies of P50-N100-P200 collectively are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lan Shen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Nanto, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xia L, Yuan L, Du XD, Wang D, Wang J, Xu H, Huo L, Tian Y, Dai Q, Wei S, Wang W, Trihn TH, Alnatour OI, Chen D, Xiu M, Wang L, Yang M, Zhang XY. P50 inhibition deficit in patients with chronic schizophrenia: Relationship with cognitive impairment of MATRICS consensus cognitive battery. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:105-12. [PMID: 31780341 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia (SCZ); however, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. The sensory gating (SG) deficits reflected by P50 inhibition are recurring in SCZ, and this inhibition may be related to the cognitive deficits seen in these individuals. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between P50 inhibition and cognitive dysfunction in SCZ, which has not been fully investigated up to this point. METHODS A total of 270 individuals with chronic SCZ and 116 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Psychopathology of SCZ was rated by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), while cognitive function and P50 inhibition of subjects were assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the electroencephalography system. RESULTS The MCCB total and its 10 index scores were significantly lower in patients than those in healthy controls (all p < 0.001). SCZ patients had a lower amplitude of S1, and higher P50 ratio than healthy controls (both p < 0.01). However, there were no significant correlations between the P50 ratio and any of the PANSS total and its subscale scores in SCZ patients (all p > 0.05). Moreover, no correlation was found between the P50 components and the MCCB scores (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the P50 inhibition deficits occur in Chinese individuals with SCZ, which may not be associated with their clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Kim HK, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ. Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia- P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:795. [PMID: 32848953 PMCID: PMC7426515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating ("P50") and mismatch negativity (MMN), which measure sensory gating and detection of change in auditory stimuli, respectively, are consistently shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may also be a potential method by which sensory processing can be assessed, since TMS paradigms can be used to measure GABAB-mediated cortical inhibition that is linked with sensory gating. In this review, we examine the potential of P50, MMN and two TMS paradigms, cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as endophenotypes as well as their ability to be used as predictive markers for interventions targeted at cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Studies consistently support a link between MMN, P50, and cognitive dysfunction, with robust evidence for a link between MMN and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia as well. Importantly, studies have demonstrated that MMN can be used to predict performance in social and cognitive training tasks. A growing body of studies also supports the potential of MMN to be used as an endophenotype, and future studies are needed to determine if MMN can be used as an endophenotype specifically in schizophrenia. P50, however, has weaker evidence supporting its use as an endophenotype. While CSP and LICI are not as extensively investigated, growing evidence is supporting their potential to be used as an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Future studies that assess the ability of P50, MMN, and TMS neurophysiological measures to predict performance in cognitive and social training programs may identify markers that inform clinical decisions in the treatment of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chien YL, Hsieh MH, Gau SSF. P50-N100-P200 sensory gating deficits in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109683. [PMID: 31260720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered sensory gating may cause sensory overload. However, whether ASD individuals have P50 gating deficits is controversial in childhood and lacks evidence in adulthood. Beyond P50, fewer studies have examined N100 or P200, although N100 is considered to be more reliable than P50. Also, the clinical correlates of these parameters are mostly unknown. This study aimed to investigate P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating in adolescents and young adults with ASD and examine their clinical correlates. In a sample of 34 ASD participants (mean age 20.6 ± 4.1, female 5.9%) and 34 sex- and age-matched typically-developing controls (TDC, mean age 20.4 ± 3.1), we investigated P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating by a paired-click paradigm, which generated the data of S1 amplitude after the first click and S2 amplitude after the second click. We found that compared to TDC, ASD participants had significant N100 suppression deficits reflected by a larger N100 S2 amplitude, smaller N100 ratio of S2 over S1, and the difference between the two amplitudes. N100 S2 amplitude was significantly associated with sensory sensitivity independent of the diagnosis. Although there was no group difference in P50 suppression, S1 amplitude was negatively associated with social deficits in ASD. P200 gating parameters were correlated with attention switching difficulty. Our findings suggest N100 gating deficit in adolescents and young adults with ASD. The relationships between P50 S1 and social deficits and between N100 S2 and sensory sensitivity warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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50
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Chang Q, Liu M, Tian Q, Wang H, Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang C. EEG-Based Brain Functional Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients, Ultra-High-Risk Individuals, and Healthy Controls During P50 Suppression. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:379. [PMID: 31803031 PMCID: PMC6870009 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional processing of auditory sensory gating has generally been found in schizophrenic patients and ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences of functional interaction between brain regions and performance during the P50 sensory gating in UHR group compared with those in first-episode schizophrenia patients (FESZ) and healthy controls (HC) groups. The study included 128-channel scalp Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during the P50 auditory paradigm for 35 unmedicated FESZ, 30 drug-free UHR, and 40 HC. Cortical sources of scalp electrical activity were recomputed using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), and functional brain networks were built at the source level and compared between the groups (FESZ, UHR, HC). A classifier using decision tree was designed for differentiating the three groups, which uses demographic characteristics, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery parameters, behavioral features in P50 paradigm, and the measures of functional brain networks based on graph theory during P50 sensory gating. The results showed that very few brain connectivities were significantly different between FESZ and UHR groups during P50 sensory gating, and that a large number of brain connectivities were significantly different between FESZ and HC groups and between UHR and HC groups. Furthermore, the FESZ group had a stronger connection in the right superior frontal gyrus and right insula than the HC group. And the UHR group had an enhanced connection in the paracentral lobule and the middle temporal gyrus compared with the HC group. Moreover, comparison of classification analysis results showed that brain network metrics during P50 sensory gating can improve the accuracy of the classification for FESZ, UHR and HC groups. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of P50 suppression in schizophrenia and could potentially improve the performance of early identification and diagnosis of schizophrenia for the earliest intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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