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Eleftheriou D, Hong Y, Klein NJ, Brogan PA. Thromboembolic disease in systemic vasculitis is associated with enhanced microparticle-mediated thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1864-7. [PMID: 21733119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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52
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Kim SH, Lim KM, Noh JY, Kim K, Kang S, Chang YK, Shin S, Chung JH. Doxorubicin-induced platelet procoagulant activities: an important clue for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:215-24. [PMID: 21865289 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic risk associated with chemotherapy including doxorubicin (DOX) has been frequently reported; yet, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report that DOX can induce procoagulant activity in platelets, an important contributor to thrombus formation. In human platelets, DOX increased phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and PS-bearing microparticle (MP) generation. Consistently, DOX-treated platelets and generated MPs induced thrombin generation, a representative marker for procoagulant activity. DOX-induced PS exposure appeared to be from intracellular Ca²⁺ increase and ATP depletion, which resulted in the activation of scramblase and inhibition of flippase. Along with this, apoptosis was induced by DOX as determined by the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), cytochrome c release, Bax translocation, and caspase-3 activation. A Ca²⁺ chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh, and antioxidants (vitamin C and trolox) can attenuate DOX-induced PS exposure and procoagulant activity significantly, suggesting that Ca²⁺, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in DOX-enhanced procoagulant activity. Importantly, rat in vivo thrombosis model demonstrated that DOX could manifest prothrombotic effects through the mediation of platelet procoagulant activity, which was accompanied by increased PS exposure and Δψ dissipation in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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53
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Jy W, Ricci M, Shariatmadar S, Gomez-Marin O, Horstman LH, Ahn YS. Microparticles in stored red blood cells as potential mediators of transfusion complications. Transfusion 2011; 51:886-93. [PMID: 21496051 PMCID: PMC3095366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews evidence for the involvement of cell-derived microparticles (MPs) in transfusion-related adverse events. The controversy concerning possible added risk of older versus fresher stored blood is also reviewed and is consistent with the hypothesis that MPs are involved with adverse events. Although all types of circulating MPs are discussed, the emphasis is on red blood cell-derived MPs (RMPs). The evidence is particularly strong for involvement of RMPs in transfusion-related acute lung injury, but also for postoperative thrombosis. However, this evidence is largely circumstantial. Work in progress to directly test the hypothesis is also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Jy
- Wallace H. Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33176, USA.
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54
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Zhou J, Li H, Fu Y, Shi J, Hou J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Song P. Arsenic trioxide induces procoagulant activity through phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle generation in endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2011; 127:466-72. [PMID: 21272920 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulopathy is a major cause of early death when arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) therapy fails. In addition to the procoagulant properties of blast cells, the cytotoxic therapy may contribute to the coagulation disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible impact of As(2)O(3) on membrane alterations, including phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and microparticle generation, and the consequent procoagulant properties of endothelial cells. METHODS Procoagulant activity (PCA) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was assessed by measuring clotting time and through purified coagulation complex assays. PS exposure on HUVEC membrane was observed by confocal microscopy and quantified with flow cytometry. In addition, counts and PCA of endothelial microparticles were determined by flow cytometry and plasma coagulation assay. RESULTS As(2)O(3) increased the ability of HUVECs to accelerate coagulation process and promote formation of coagulation complexes. Procoagulant activity corresponded to PS exposed on HUVECs. In coincidence with the PS externalization, As(2)O(3) increased the production of PS-bearing microparticles, which then accelerated fibrin strand formation significantly. By blocking PS, lactadherin was able to inhibit over 90% of the intrinsic tenase/prothrombinase activity of As(2)O(3)-treated HUVECs, and restored coagulation times of As(2)O(3)-treated cells and microparticles to control levels. CONCLUSIONS As(2)O(3) increases PCA of HUVECs through PS exposure and PS-bearing microparticle generation, which might cause thrombosis and act as a contributing factor in As(2)O(3) therapy-related coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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55
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Bolliger D, Szlam F, Azran M, Koyama K, Levy JH, Molinaro RJ, Tanaka KA. The Anticoagulant Effect of Protamine Sulfate Is Attenuated in the Presence of Platelets or Elevated Factor VIII Concentrations. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:601-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e9ed15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Machlus KR, Colby EA, Wu JR, Koch GG, Key NS, Wolberg AS. Effects of tissue factor, thrombomodulin and elevated clotting factor levels on thrombin generation in the calibrated automated thrombogram. Thromb Haemost 2010; 102:936-44. [PMID: 19888532 DOI: 10.1160/th09-03-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Elevated procoagulant levels have been correlated with increased thrombin generation in vitro and with increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in epidemiological studies. Thrombin generation tests are increasingly being employed as a high throughput method to provide a global measure of procoagulant activity in plasma samples. The objective of this study was to distinguish the effects of assay conditions [tissue factor (TF), thrombomodulin, platelets/lipids] and factor levels on thrombin generation parameters, and determine the conditions and parameters with the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting elevated factor levels. Thrombin generation was measured using calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) in corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI)-treated platelet-free plasma (PFP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Statistical analysis was performed using logarithms of observed values with analysis of variance that accounted for experiment and treatment. The relative sensitivity of lag time (LT), time to peak (TTP), peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) to elevated factors XI, IX, VIII, X, and prothrombin was as follows: PFP initiated with 1 pM TF > PFP initiated with 5 pM TF > PRP initiated with 1 pM TF. For all conditions, inclusion of thrombomodulin prolonged the LT and decreased the peak and ETP; however, addition of thrombomodulin did not increase the ability of CAT to detect elevated levels of individual procoagulant factors. In conclusion, CAT conditions differentially affected the sensitivity of thrombin generation to elevated factor levels. Monitoring the peak height and/or ETP following initiation of clotting in PFP with 1 pM TF was most likely to detect hypercoagulability due to increased procoagulant factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie R Machlus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Yuana Y, Oosterkamp TH, Bahatyrova S, Ashcroft B, Garcia Rodriguez P, Bertina RM, Osanto S. Atomic force microscopy: a novel approach to the detection of nanosized blood microparticles. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:315-23. [PMID: 19840362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles released from cells of different origin, bearing surface antigens from parental cells. Elevated numbers of blood MPs have been reported in (cardio)vascular disorders and cancer. Most of these MPs are derived from platelets. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to detect platelet-derived MPs and to define their size distribution. METHODS Blood MPs isolated from seven blood donors and three cancer patients were immobilized on a modified mica surface coated with an antibody against CD41 prior to AFM imaging. AFM was performed in liquid-tapping mode to detect CD41-positive MPs. In parallel, numbers of CD41-positive MPs were measured using flow cytometry. Mouse IgG1 isotype control was used as a negative control. RESULTS AFM topography measurements of the number of CD41-positive MPs were reproducible (coefficient of variation=16%). Assuming a spherical shape of unbound MPs, the calculated diameter of CD41-positive MPs (dsph) ranged from 10 to 475 nm (mean: 67.5+/-26.5 nm) and from 5 to 204 nm (mean: 51.4+/-14.9 nm) in blood donors and cancer patients, respectively. Numbers of CD41-positive MPs were 1000-fold higher than those measured by flow cytometry (3-702x10(9) L(-1) plasma vs. 11-626x10(6) L(-1) plasma). After filtration of isolated MPs through a 0.22-microm filter, CD41-positive MPs were still detectable in the filtrate by AFM (mean dsph: 37.2+/-11.6 nm), but not by flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS AFM provides a novel method for the sensitive detection of defined subsets of MPs in the nanosize range, far below the lower limit of what can be measured by conventional flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuana
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Ollivier V, Wang J, Manly D, Machlus KR, Wolberg AS, Jandrot-Perrus M, Mackman N. Detection of endogenous tissue factor levels in plasma using the calibrated automated thrombogram assay. Thromb Res 2010; 125:90-6. [PMID: 19345399 PMCID: PMC2826585 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) assay measures thrombin generation in plasma. OBJECTIVE Use the CAT assay to detect endogenous tissue factor (TF) in recalcified platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-free plasma (PFP). METHODS Blood from healthy volunteers was collected into citrate and incubated at 37 degrees C with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 5 hours. PRP and PFP were prepared and clotting was initiated by recalcification. Thrombin generation was measured using the CAT assay. RESULTS The lag time (LT) was significantly shortened in PRP prepared from LPS-treated blood compared with untreated blood (10+/-3 min versus 20+/-6 min), and this change was reversed by the addition of inactivated human factor VIIa. LPS stimulation did not change the peak thrombin. Similar results were observed in PFP (21+/-4 min versus 35+/-5 min). LPS stimulation also significantly reduced the LT of PRP and PFP derived from blood containing citrate and a factor XIIa inhibitor. Finally, a low concentration of exogenous TF shortened the LT of PFP prepared from unstimulated, citrated blood without affecting the peak thrombin. CONCLUSION Changes in LT in the CAT assay can be used to monitor levels of endogenous TF in citrated plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Ollivier
- Inserm, U698, Paris, F-75018 France; Université Paris 7, Paris, F-75018 France
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Manly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie R. Machlus
- Department of Pathology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisa S. Wolberg
- Department of Pathology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Feng B, Chen Y, Luo Y, Chen M, Li X, Ni Y. Circulating level of microparticles and their correlation with arterial elasticity and endothelium-dependent dilation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2010; 208:264-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sossdorf M, König V, Gummert J, Marx G, Lösche W. Correlations between platelet-derived microvesicles and thrombin generation in patients with coronary artery disease. Platelets 2009; 19:476-7. [PMID: 18925517 DOI: 10.1080/09537100802210337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Horstman LL, Jy W, Bidot CJ, Ahn YS, Kelley RE, Zivadinov R, Maghzi AH, Etemadifar M, Mousavi SA, Minagar A. Antiphospholipid antibodies: paradigm in transition. J Neuroinflammation 2009; 6:3. [PMID: 19154576 PMCID: PMC2640381 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a critical review of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Most prior reviews focus on the aPL syndrome (APS), a thrombotic condition often marked by neurological disturbance. We bring to attention recent evidence that aPL may be equally relevant to non-thrombotic autoimmune conditions, notably, multiple sclerosis and ITP. ORGANIZATION After a brief history, the recent proliferation of aPL target antigens is reviewed. The implication is that many more exist. Theories of aPL in thrombosis are then reviewed, concluding that all have merit but that aPL may have more diverse pathological consequences than now recognized. Next, conflicting results are explained by methodological differences. The lupus anticoagulant (LA) is then discussed. LA is the best predictor of thrombosis, but why this is true is not settled. Finally, aPL in non-thrombotic disorders is reviewed. CONCLUSION The current paradigm of aPL holds that they are important in thrombosis, but they may have much wider clinical significance, possibly of special interest in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Horstman
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wenche Jy
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos J Bidot
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yeon S Ahn
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Roger E Kelley
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Amir H Maghzi
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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