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Maes K, Mondino A, Lasarte JJ, Agirre X, Vanderkerken K, Prosper F, Breckpot K. Epigenetic Modifiers: Anti-Neoplastic Drugs With Immunomodulating Potential. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652160. [PMID: 33859645 PMCID: PMC8042276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are under the surveillance of the host immune system. Nevertheless, a number of immunosuppressive mechanisms allow tumors to escape protective responses and impose immune tolerance. Epigenetic alterations are central to cancer cell biology and cancer immune evasion. Accordingly, epigenetic modulating agents (EMAs) are being exploited as anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory agents to restore immunological fitness. By simultaneously acting on cancer cells, e.g. by changing expression of tumor antigens, immune checkpoints, chemokines or innate defense pathways, and on immune cells, e.g. by remodeling the tumor stroma or enhancing effector cell functionality, EMAs can indeed overcome peripheral tolerance to transformed cells. Therefore, combinations of EMAs with chemo- or immunotherapy have become interesting strategies to fight cancer. Here we review several examples of epigenetic changes critical for immune cell functions and tumor-immune evasion and of the use of EMAs in promoting anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we provide our perspective on how EMAs could represent a game changer for combinatorial therapies and the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Maes
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.,Hemato-oncology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.,Hemato-oncology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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52
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Wu S, Fukumoto T, Lin J, Nacarelli T, Wang Y, Ong D, Liu H, Fatkhutdinov N, Zundell JA, Karakashev S, Zhou W, Schwartz LE, Tang HY, Drapkin R, Liu Q, Huntsman DG, Kossenkov AV, Speicher DW, Schug ZT, Van Dang C, Zhang R. Targeting glutamine dependence through GLS1 inhibition suppresses ARID1A-inactivated clear cell ovarian carcinoma. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:189-200. [PMID: 34085048 PMCID: PMC8168620 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in components of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex occur in ~20% of all human cancers. For example, ARID1A is mutated in up to 62% of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (OCCC), a disease currently lacking effective therapies. Here we show that ARID1A mutation creates a dependence on glutamine metabolism. SWI/SNF represses glutaminase (GLS1) and ARID1A inactivation upregulates GLS1. ARID1A inactivation increases glutamine utilization and metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to support aspartate synthesis. Indeed, glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 suppresses the growth of ARID1A mutant, but not wildtype, OCCCs in both orthotopic and patient-derived xenografts. In addition, glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade anti-PDL1 antibody in a genetic OCCC mouse model driven by conditional Arid1a inactivation. Our data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade represents an effective therapeutic strategy for cancers involving alterations in the SWI/SNF complex such as ARID1A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jianhuang Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Nacarelli
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dionzie Ong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heng Liu
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nail Fatkhutdinov
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Zundell
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergey Karakashev
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W. Speicher
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T. Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi Van Dang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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53
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Huang Y, Li Y, Wang X, Yu J, Cai Y, Zheng Z, Li R, Zhang S, Chen N, Asadollahpour Nanaei H, Hanif Q, Chen Q, Fu W, Li C, Cao X, Zhou G, Liu S, He S, Li W, Chen Y, Chen H, Lei C, Liu M, Jiang Y. An atlas of CNV maps in cattle, goat and sheep. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1747-1764. [PMID: 33486588 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is the most prevalent type of genetic structural variation that has been recognized as an important source of phenotypic variation in humans, animals and plants. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of CNVs and their function in natural or artificial selection remain unknown. Here, we generated CNV region (CNVR) datasets which were diverged or shared among cattle, goat, and sheep, including 886 individuals from 171 diverse populations. Using 9 environmental factors for genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified a series of candidate CNVRs, including genes relating to immunity, tick resistance, multi-drug resistance, and muscle development. The number of CNVRs shared between species is significantly higher than expected (P<0.00001), and these CNVRs may be more persist than the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shared between species. We also identified genomic regions under long-term balancing selection and uncovered the potential diversity of the selected CNVRs close to the important functional genes. This study provides the evidence that balancing selection might be more common in mammals than previously considered, and might play an important role in the daily activities of these ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunjia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiantao Yu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yudong Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhuqing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shunjin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | | | - Quratulain Hanif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, 577, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qiuming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sangang He
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830026, China
| | - Wenrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830026, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Grass feeding Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, 830026, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Emerging role of SWI/SNF complex deficiency as a target of immune checkpoint blockade in human cancers. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33419967 PMCID: PMC7794300 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF complex is a key chromatin remodeler that reshapes nucleosomes and regulates DNA accessibility. Mutations in SWI/SNF subunits are found in a broad spectrum of human cancers; however, the mechanisms of how these aberrations of SWI/SNF complex would impact tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics remain to be elucidated. Studies have demonstrated that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is promising in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, suitable biomarkers that reliably predict the clinical response to ICB are still lacking. Emerging evidence has suggested that SWI/SNF components play novel roles in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, and SWI/SNF deficiency can be therapeutically targeted by ICB. These findings manifest the prominence of the SWI/SNF complex as a stratification biomarker that predicts treatment (therapeutic) response to ICB. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ICB therapy by harnessing the cancer-specific vulnerability elicited by SWI/SNF deficiency. We provide novel insights into a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which SWI/SNF functions as a modulator of anti-tumor immunity.
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Cheng L, Zhang X, Huang YZ, Zhu YL, Xu LY, Li Z, Dai XY, Shi L, Zhou XJ, Wei JF, Ding Q. Metformin exhibits antiproliferation activity in breast cancer via miR-483-3p/METTL3/m 6A/p21 pathway. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33431790 PMCID: PMC7801402 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that metformin might be a potential candidate for breast cancer treatment. Yet, its relevant molecular mechanisms remain to be fully investigated. We found that metformin could suppress the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level in breast cancer cells significantly. The latter has an essential role in breast cancer progression and is newly considered as a therapeutic target. In this study, we measured the m6A level by m6A colorimetric analysis and dot blot assay. We then performed qRT-PCR, western blot, MeRIP, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and others to explore the m6A-dependent pathway associated with metformin. In vivo effect of metformin was investigated using a mouse tumorigenicity model. In addition, breast cancer and normal tissues were used to determine the role of METTL3 in breast cancer. Metformin could reduce the m6A level via decreasing METTL3 expression mediated by miR-483-3p in breast cancer. METTL3 is known to be able to promote breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating the p21 expression by an m6A-dependent manner. Metformin can take p21 as the main target to inhibit such effect. To specify, this study exhibited that metformin can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation through the pathway miR-483-3p/METTL3/m6A/p21. Our findings suggest that METTL3 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target of metformin for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, 213003, Changzhou, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Huang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Dai
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which aims to control the immune system to eradicate cancer cells and prevent their spread, needs to be personalized because anticancer immune responses can be inhibited in several ways that vary from patient to patient. Cancer immunotherapy includes pharmaceuticals such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as well as cell therapy, immunogene therapy, and vaccines. Combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs with other immunotherapy drugs, for example, antibody-drug conjugates, as well as combination of PD-1/PD-L1 drugs with other therapies, for example, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are being explored. Biomarkers are important for predicting the response to immunotherapy. Molecular diagnostics and sequencing are important technologies for guiding treatment in immuno-oncology. Genomic profiling of tumor mutational burden may enhance the predictive utility of PD-L1 expression and facilitate personalized combination immunotherapy. Optimization of personalized immuno-oncology requires integration of several technologies and selection of those best suited for an individual patient. Advances in immuno-oncology are also attributed to technologies for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics such as antigen-capturing nanoparticles for precision targeting and selective delivery. A breakthrough in cell therapy of cancer is a chimeric antigen receptors-T cell, which combines the antigen-binding site of a MAb with the signal activating machinery of a T cell, freeing antigen recognition from major histocompatibility complex restriction. Gene-editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats have a promising application for removing alloreactivity and decreasing immunogenicity of third-party T cells. In conclusion, personalized immuno-oncology is one of the most promising approaches to management of cancer.
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Xu S, Tang C. The Role of ARID1A in Tumors: Tumor Initiation or Tumor Suppression? Front Oncol 2021; 11:745187. [PMID: 34671561 PMCID: PMC8521028 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding subunits of SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are collectively mutated in 20% of all human cancers, among which the AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A, also known as BAF250a, B120, C1orf4, Osa1) that encodes protein ARID1A is the most frequently mutated, and mutations in ARID1A have been found in various types of cancer. ARID1A is thought to play a significant role both in tumor initiation and in tumor suppression, which is highly dependent upon context. Recent molecular mechanistic research has revealed that ARID1A participates in tumor progression through its effects on control of cell cycle, modulation of cellular functions such as EMT, and regulation of various signaling pathways. In this review, we synthesize a mechanistic understanding of the role of ARID1A in human tumor initiation as well as in tumor suppression and further discuss the implications of these new discoveries for potential cancer intervention. We also highlight the mechanisms by which mutations affecting the subunits in SWI/SNF complexes promote cancer.
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58
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Yamada L, Saito M, Thar Min AK, Saito K, Ashizawa M, Kase K, Nakajima S, Onozawa H, Okayama H, Endo H, Fujita S, Sakamoto W, Saze Z, Momma T, Mimura K, Ohki S, Kono K. Selective sensitivity of EZH2 inhibitors based on synthetic lethality in ARID1A-deficient gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:60-71. [PMID: 32506298 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in gastric cancer (GC). Although ARID1A mutations are not a druggable target for conventional treatments, novel therapeutic strategies based on a synthetic lethal approach are effective for ARID1A-deficient cancers. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 acts in a synthetic lethal manner in ARID1A-mutated ovarian cancer, although its role in GC remains unknown. METHODS The selective sensitivity of the EZH2 inhibitors for ARID1A-deficient GC cells was evaluated using cell viability and colony formation assays. The expression of PI3K/AKT signaling genes were investigated using TCGA's cBioPortal database to determine whether the homeostasis between ARID1A and EZH2 is related to cell proliferation and survival via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We also evaluated the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signaling proteins in ARID1A knock downed ARID1A-WT GC cells. RESULTS EZH2 inhibitors decreased the viability of ARID1A-deficient cells in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated the selective sensitivity to ARID1A-deficient cells in vitro experiment system. Bioinformatics approach revealed that the PI3K/AKT signaling was tended to be activated in ARID1A-deficient GC enhancing cell viability and, furthermore, down-regulation of EZH2 in ARID1A-deficient GC was related to normalization of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The cell experiment revealed that phosphorylated AKT was upregulated in ARID1A-deficent GC cells. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide a rationale for the selective sensitivity of EZH2 inhibitors against ARID1A-deficient GC and suggest the potential efficacy of targeted therapy using EZH2 inhibitors in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Aung Kyi Thar Min
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mai Ashizawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koji Kase
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Medical Electrophysiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisashi Onozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hisahito Endo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shotaro Fujita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Saze
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Momma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kosaku Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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Fukumoto T, Lin J, Fatkhutdinov N, Liu P, Somasundaram R, Herlyn M, Zhang R, Nishigori C. ARID2 Deficiency Correlates with the Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1564-1572.e4. [PMID: 33333124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler family includes the BAF and PBAF complexes. ARID2, encoding a PBAF complex subunit, is frequently mutated in melanoma independently of BRAF/RAS mutations. Emerging evidence shows that SWI/SNF complexes regulate tumor immunity; for instance, the loss of PBRM1, another PBAF complex subunit, enhances susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Notably, ARID2 mutations are more frequent in melanoma than PBRM1 mutations. However, the role of ARID2 as a modulator of tumor immunity remains unclear. In this study, we show that ARID2 knockout sensitizes melanoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Anti‒PD-L1 treatment restricts tumor growth in mice bearing ARID2-knockout melanoma cells, correlating with an increase in the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, ARID2 deficiency leads to signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 upregulation, which subsequently causes increased expression of T-cell‒attracting chemokines such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5. These results demonstrate that ARID2 is an immunomodulator and a potential biomarker that indicates immune checkpoint inhibitor effectiveness in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Jianhuang Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nail Fatkhutdinov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pingyu Liu
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajasekharan Somasundaram
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Samartzis EP, Labidi-Galy SI, Moschetta M, Uccello M, Kalaitzopoulos DR, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Boussios S. Endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas: insights into pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutic targets-a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1712. [PMID: 33490224 PMCID: PMC7812165 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic condition affecting up to one woman out of ten of reproductive age. It is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue in localizations outside of the uterine cavity. It often causes symptoms such as chronic pain, most frequently associated with the menstrual cycle, and infertility, but may also be oligo- or asymptomatic. There is evidence that some ovarian carcinoma (OC) histotypes, mainly the ovarian clear cell (OCCC) and endometrioid (EnOC) carcinoma, may arise from endometriosis. The most frequent genomic alterations in these carcinomas are mutations in the AT-rich interacting domain containing protein 1A (ARID1A) gene, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and alterations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway, which frequently co-occur. In ARID1A deficient cancers preclinical experimental data suggest different targetable mechanisms including epigenetic regulation, cell cycle, genomic instability, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, inflammatory pathways, immune modulation, or metabolic alterations as potential precision oncology approaches. Most of these strategies are relying on the concept of synthetic lethality in which tumors deficient in ARID1A are more sensitive to the different compounds. Some of these approaches are currently being or have recently been investigated in early clinical trials. The remarkably frequent occurrence of these mutations in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, the occurrence in a relatively young population, and the high proportion of platinum-resistant disease certainly warrants further investigation of precision oncology opportunities in this population. Furthermore, advanced knowledge about oncogenic mutations involved in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas may be potentially useful for early cancer detection. However, this approach may be complicated by the frequent occurrence of somatic mutations in benign endometriotic tissue as recent studies suggest. In this narrative review of the current literature, we will discuss the data available on endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma, with special emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis and molecular changes that could have therapeutic implications and clinical applicability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Samartzis
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mario Uccello
- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Cliftonville, Northampton, UK
| | - Dimitrios R Kalaitzopoulos
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kantonsspital Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - J Alejandro Perez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, Kent, UK.,AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki - Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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61
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Achenbach F, Rose M, Ortiz-Brüchle N, Seillier L, Knüchel R, Weyerer V, Hartmann A, Morsch R, Maurer A, Ecke TH, Garczyk S, Gaisa NT. SWI/SNF Alterations in Squamous Bladder Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111368. [PMID: 33227989 PMCID: PMC7699259 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the SWI/SNF complex has been observed in various cancers including urothelial carcinomas. However, the clinical impact of the SWI/SNF complex in squamous-differentiated bladder cancers (sq-BLCA) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to analyze potential expression loss and genetic alterations of (putative) key components of the SWI/SNF complex considering the co-occurrence of genetic driver mutations and PD-L1 expression as indicators for therapeutic implications. Assessment of ARID1A, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1/INI1, SMARCC1, SMARCC2 and PBRM1 mutations in a TCGA data set of sq-BLCA (n = 45) revealed that ARID1A was the most frequently altered SWI/SNF gene (15%) while being associated with protein downregulation. Genetic alterations and loss of ARID1A were confirmed by Targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (3/6) and immunohistochemistry (6/116). Correlation with further mutational data and PD-L1 expression revealed co-occurrence of ARID1A loss and TP53 mutations, while positive correlations with other driver mutations such as PIK3CA were not observed. Finally, a rare number of sq-BLCA samples were characterized by both ARID1A protein loss and strong PD-L1 expression suggesting a putative benefit upon immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Hence, for the first time, our data revealed expression loss of SWI/SNF subunits in sq-BLCA, highlighting ARID1A as a putative target of a small subgroup of patients eligible for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Achenbach
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Nadina Ortiz-Brüchle
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Lancelot Seillier
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Veronika Weyerer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (V.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Ronja Morsch
- Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Angela Maurer
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Thorsten H. Ecke
- Department of Urology, Helios Clinic, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany;
| | - Stefan Garczyk
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Nadine T. Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.A.); (M.R.); (N.O.-B.); (L.S.); (R.K.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-8036118; Fax: +49-241-8082439
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Peng L, Wang X, Tang N. 2,5-dimethylcelecoxib improves immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting ubiquitination of HBx-induced PD-L1. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001377. [PMID: 33028694 PMCID: PMC7542662 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,5-dimethylcelecoxib (DMC) is a targeted inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), a key enzyme in the PGE2 synthesis pathway of inflammatory mediators. Previous studies have confirmed that DMC can inhibit the growth of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is not known whether DMC is involved in the changes of tumor immune microenvironment. Methods In this study, we explored the effects of DMC on HBV-related HCC immune microenvironment, and deeply analyzed its unique effect and mechanism on programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Results Clinical hepatoma tissues detection showed that compared with non-virus-related HCC, the level of CD8 of HBV-related HCC was significantly lower, while the levels of PD-L1 and CD163 were higher. In vivo experiments indicated that DMC could increase the level of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B virus X (HBx) (+) hepatoma cells implanted mouse models, and inhibit the expression of PD-L1 and CD163 in tumor tissues. DMC combined with atezolizumab had more significant antitumor effect and stronger blocking effect on PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Mechanism studies have shown that DMC can promote ubiquitin degradation of HBx-induced PD-L1 protein in HCC cells by activating adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway. Further experiments confirmed that this process was mainly mediated by E3 ligase RBX1. Conclusions Our results uncover a role for DMC in promoting HBV-related HCC immune microenvironment, which not only enrich the relationship between inflammatory factors (mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway) and immunosuppression (PD-L1), but also provide an important strategic reference for multitarget or combined immunotherapy of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lirong Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China .,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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63
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Abstract
Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1)-expressing high-grade serous ovarian cancers are characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Here we discuss a novel therapeutic strategy to target CARM1-expressing ovarian cancer based on a combination of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Karakashev
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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64
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Iida Y, Okamoto A, Hollis RL, Gourley C, Herrington CS. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a clinical and molecular perspective. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 31:605-616. [PMID: 32948640 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary has distinct biology and clinical behavior. There are significant geographical and racial differences in the incidence of clear cell carcinoma compared with other epithelial ovarian tumors. Patients with clear cell carcinoma are younger, tend to present at an early stage, and their tumors are commonly associated with endometriosis, which is widely accepted as a direct precursor of clear cell carcinoma and has been identified pathologically in approximately 50% of clear cell carcinoma cases. The most frequent and important specific gene alterations in clear cell carcinoma are mutations of AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) (~50% of cases) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (~50% cases). More broadly, subgroups of clear cell carcinoma have been identified based on C-APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) and C-AGE (age-related) mutational signatures. Gene expression profiling shows upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) and oxidative stress-related genes, and has identified epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like tumor subgroups. Although the benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy is not clearly defined it remains the mainstay of first-line therapy. Patients with early-stage disease have a favorable clinical outcome but the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage or recurrent disease is poor. Alternative treatment strategies are required to improve patient outcome and the development of targeted therapies based on molecular characteristics is a promising approach. Improved specificity of the histological definition of this tumor type is helping these efforts but, due to the rarity of clear cell carcinoma, international collaboration will be essential to design appropriately powered, large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert L Hollis
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Edinburgh, UK
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65
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Hontecillas-Prieto L, Flores-Campos R, Silver A, de Álava E, Hajji N, García-Domínguez DJ. Synergistic Enhancement of Cancer Therapy Using HDAC Inhibitors: Opportunity for Clinical Trials. Front Genet 2020; 11:578011. [PMID: 33024443 PMCID: PMC7516260 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.578011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most established and effective treatments for almost all types of cancer. However, the elevated toxicity due to the non-tumor-associated effects, development of secondary malignancies, infertility, radiation-induced fibrosis and resistance to treatment limit the effectiveness and safety of treatment. In addition, these multiple factors significantly impact quality of life. Over the last decades, our increased understanding of cancer epigenetics has led to new therapeutic approaches and the promise of improved patient outcomes. Epigenetic alterations are commonly found in cancer, especially the increased expression and activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Dysregulation of HDACs are critical to the development and progression of the majority of tumors. Hence, HDACs inhibitors (HDACis) were developed and now represent a very promising treatment strategy. The use of HDACis as monotherapy has shown very positive pre-clinical results, but clinical trials have had only limited success. However, combinatorial regimens with other cancer drugs have shown synergistic effects both in pre-clinical and clinical studies. At the same time, these combinations have enhanced the efficacy, reduced the toxicity and tumor resistance to therapy. In this review, we will examine examples of HDACis used in combination with other cancer drugs and highlight the synergistic effects observed in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Flores-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
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66
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Song H, Liu D, Dong S, Zeng L, Wu Z, Zhao P, Zhang L, Chen ZS, Zou C. Epitranscriptomics and epiproteomics in cancer drug resistance: therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:193. [PMID: 32900991 PMCID: PMC7479143 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major hurdle in cancer treatment and a key cause of poor prognosis. Epitranscriptomics and epiproteomics are crucial in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In recent years, epitranscriptomic and epiproteomic modification has been investigated on their roles in overcoming drug resistance. In this review article, we summarized the recent progress in overcoming cancer drug resistance in three novel aspects: (i) mRNA modification, which includes alternative splicing, A-to-I modification and mRNA methylation; (ii) noncoding RNAs modification, which involves miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs; and (iii) posttranslational modification on molecules encompasses drug inactivation/efflux, drug target modifications, DNA damage repair, cell death resistance, EMT, and metastasis. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic implications of targeting some classical chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouridine, and gefitinib via these modifications. Taken together, this review highlights the importance of epitranscriptomic and epiproteomic modification in cancer drug resistance and provides new insights on potential therapeutic targets to reverse cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Song
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, 11439 New York, USA.,Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoxun Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, 11439 New York, USA
| | - Pan Zhao
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Litu Zhang
- Department of Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, 11439 New York, USA.
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China.
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67
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Wang L, Qu J, Zhou N, Hou H, Jiang M, Zhang X. Effect and biomarker of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for ARID1A deficiency cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110626. [PMID: 32791396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) are frequently mutates across a broad spectrum of cancers. The majority of ARID1A mutations are inactivating mutations and lead to loss expression of the ARID1A protein. To date, clinical applicable targeted cancer therapy based on ARID1A mutational status has not been described. With increasing number of studies reported that the ARID1A deficiency may be a novel predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. ARID1A deficiency would compromise mismatch repair pathway and increase the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor mutation burden and expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in some cancers, which would suggested cooperate with ICB treatment. In this review, we summarize the relationship between ARID1A deficiency and ICB treatment including potential mechanisms, potential therapeutic combination, and the biomarker value of ARID1A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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68
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Inhibition of Lnc-OC1 Induced Cell Apoptosis and Decreased Cell Viability by Releasing miR-34a and Inhibiting PD-L1 in Endometrial Carcinoma. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1848-1856. [PMID: 32748220 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Now, there is a growing awareness of the role to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and progression of a variety of malignancies including endometrial carcinoma (EC). Here, we explored the potential molecular mechanism of Lnc-OC1, a novel lncRNA, in the development of EC. Our results suggested that Lnc-OC1 was significantly upregulated in EC tissues comparing with normal tissues. Besides, Lnc-OC1 was higher expressed in the more advanced stage of EC. Therefore, Lnc-OC1 might be a crucial regulator in the progress of EC. Moreover, knockdown of Lnc-OC1 leaded to an inhibition of cell viability and a raise of cell apoptosis. In addition, Lnc-OC1 could sponge miR-34a and thus decrease its expression. miR-34a was proved to be a tumor suppressor in different malignance, hence downregulating Lnc-OC1 helped to alleviate EC by releasing miR-34a. Furthermore, rescue experiments significantly indicated that knockdown of Lnc-OC1 inhibited cell growth through repressing PD-L1 expression at least partially. Concisely, our results proved that Lnc-OC1/miR-34a/PD-L1 axis might serve as a therapeutic target of EC.
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69
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Kooshkaki O, Derakhshani A, Safarpour H, Najafi S, Vahedi P, Brunetti O, Torabi M, Lotfinejad P, Paradiso AV, Racanelli V, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The Latest Findings of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Application in Gynecologic Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5034. [PMID: 32708748 PMCID: PMC7404077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers account for approximately 11% of the newly diagnosed cancers in women in the United States and for 18% globally. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) influences the clinical outcome of cancer patients and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4), which have been approved for treating different types of malignancies. Antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint have shown dynamic and durable tumor regressions, suggesting a rebalancing of the host-tumor interaction. There are several the US food and drug administration (FDA)-approved ICIs targeting PD-1, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, as well as those targeting PD-L1, including avelumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab for melanoma, renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, cervix cancer, urothelial cancer, and lung cancer. Current pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in several gynecologic cancers have reported significant antitumor activity. In this review, we investigate pre-clinical and clinical studies that describe the safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, with a particular focus on ongoing clinical trials, analyzing the oncological outcome and adverse effects of ICIs in gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
| | - Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mitra Torabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran;
| | - Parisa Lotfinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Angelo Virgilio Paradiso
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.N.); (P.L.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
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Soldi R, Ghosh Halder T, Weston A, Thode T, Drenner K, Lewis R, Kaadige MR, Srivastava S, Daniel Ampanattu S, Rodriguez del Villar R, Lang J, Vankayalapati H, Weissman B, Trent JM, Hendricks WPD, Sharma S. The novel reversible LSD1 inhibitor SP-2577 promotes anti-tumor immunity in SWItch/Sucrose-NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) complex mutated ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235705. [PMID: 32649682 PMCID: PMC7351179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex occur in 20% of all human cancers, including ovarian cancer. Approximately half of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) carry mutations in the SWI/SNF subunit ARID1A, while small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) presents with inactivating mutations of the SWI/SNF ATPase SMARCA4 alongside epigenetic silencing of the ATPase SMARCA2. Loss of these ATPases disrupts SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling activity and may also interfere with the function of other histone-modifying enzymes that associate with or are dependent on SWI/SNF activity. One such enzyme is lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), which regulates the chromatin landscape and gene expression by demethylating proteins such as histone H3. Cross-cancer analysis of the TCGA database shows that LSD1 is highly expressed in SWI/SNF-mutated tumors. SCCOHT and OCCC cell lines have shown sensitivity to the reversible LSD1 inhibitor SP-2577 (Seclidemstat), suggesting that SWI/SNF-deficient ovarian cancers are dependent on LSD1 activity. Moreover, it has been shown that inhibition of LSD1 stimulates interferon (IFN)-dependent anti-tumor immunity through induction of endogenous retroviral elements and may thereby overcome resistance to checkpoint blockade. In this study, we investigated the ability of SP-2577 to promote anti-tumor immunity and T-cell infiltration in SCCOHT and OCCC cell lines. We found that SP-2577 stimulated IFN-dependent anti-tumor immunity in SCCOHT and promoted the expression of PD-L1 in both SCCOHT and OCCC. Together, these findings suggest that the combination therapy of SP-2577 with checkpoint inhibitors may induce or augment immunogenic responses of SWI/SNF-mutated ovarian cancers and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Soldi
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tithi Ghosh Halder
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Alexis Weston
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Trason Thode
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kevin Drenner
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Lewis
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mohan R. Kaadige
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shreyesi Srivastava
- HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sherin Daniel Ampanattu
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ryan Rodriguez del Villar
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica Lang
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - William P. D. Hendricks
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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71
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Murakami K, Kotani Y, Nakai H, Matsumura N. Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer: The Origin and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061676. [PMID: 32599890 PMCID: PMC7352633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cysts (ECs) are thought to be the origin of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). A hypothesis that the oxidative stress of iron in cysts causes “malignant transformation of ECs” has been proposed, but this has not been verified. Several population-based studies showed that endometriosis was a risk factor but did not reflect the “malignant transformation of ECs”. A review showed that most patients were diagnosed with EAOC early in monitoring following detection of ECs, and that these cases might have been cancer from the start. Epidemiologically, EAOC was reduced by hysterectomy rather than by cystectomy of ECs. Gene mutation analyses identified oncogenic mutations in endometriosis and normal endometrium and revealed that the same mutations were present at different endometriotic lesions. It was also shown that most of the gene mutations found in endometriosis occurred in normal endometrium. Taking together, EAOC might be caused by eutopic endometrial glandular epithelial cells with oncogenic mutations that have undergone menstrual blood reflux and engrafted in the ovary, rather than by low-risk ECs acquiring oncogenic mutations and becoming malignant. This review discusses the mechanisms of EAOC development and targeted therapy based on genetic variation in EAOC with a focus on eutopic endometrium.
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Li H, Liu ZY, Wu N, Chen YC, Cheng Q, Wang J. PARP inhibitor resistance: the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:107. [PMID: 32563252 PMCID: PMC7305609 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the DNA repair defect, BRCA1/2 deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) through the mechanism of synthetic lethality. At present, several PAPRi targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been approved for ovarian cancer and breast cancer indications. However, PARPi resistance is ubiquitous in clinic. More than 40% BRCA1/2-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. In addition, lots of patients acquire PARPi resistance with prolonged oral administration of PARPi. Homologous recombination repair deficient (HRD), as an essential prerequisite of synthetic lethality, plays a vital role in killing tumor cells. Therefore, Homologous recombination repair restoration (HRR) becomes the predominant reason of PARPi resistance. Recently, it was reported that DNA replication fork protection also contributed to PARPi resistance in BRCA1/2-deficient cells and patients. Moreover, various factors, such as reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, restoration of ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and pharmacological alteration lead to PARPi resistance as well. In this review, we reviewed the underlying mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in detail and summarized the potential strategies to overcome PARPi resistance and increase PARPi sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yi Liu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Chen
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan Clinical Research Center in Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gynecologic Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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73
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Fei Q, Song F, Jiang X, Hong H, Xu X, Jin Z, Zhu X, Dai B, Yang J, Sui C, Xu M. LncRNA ST8SIA6-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis by targeting miR-4656/HDAC11 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:232. [PMID: 32536820 PMCID: PMC7288512 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) results in development of human diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although several HCC related lncRNAs have been reported, the biological functions of many lncRNAs during the development of HCC remains unknown. Methods The expression of ST8SIA6-AS1 was studied by realtime PCR (RT-qPCR) and bioinformatic analysis. The biological functions of ST8SIA6-AS1 was examined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. The target of ST8SIA6-AS1 was analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and validated by dual luciferase reporter assay, western blotting and RT-qPCR. Results In this study we demonstrated that ST8SIA6-AS1 was an upregulated lncRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of ST8SIA6-AS1 repressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis and RT-qPCR further showed that ST8SIA6-AS1 mainly located in cytoplasm. Dual luciferase reporter assay further revealed that ST8SIA6-AS1 interacted with miR-4656 in HCC cells. In addition, HDAC11 was identified as a target gene in HCC cells and ST8SIA6-AS1 could upregulate HDAC11 via sponging miR-4656. Transfection of recombinant HDAC11 partially rescued the inhibition of cell proliferation and increase of cell apoptosis inducing by knockdown of ST8SIA6-AS1. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings suggested that ST8SIA6-AS1 was a novel upregulated lncRNA in HCC and could facilitate cell proliferation and resistance to cell apoptosis via sponging miR-4656 and elevation of HDAC11, which might be a promising biomarker for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fei
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
| | - Feihong Song
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
| | - Han Hong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengkang Jin
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
| | - Binghua Dai
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Chengjun Sui
- Department of Special Treatment and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215001 Suzhou, China
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74
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Khalique S, Lord CJ, Banerjee S, Natrajan R. Translational genomics of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 61:121-131. [PMID: 31698086 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are rare aggressive, chemo-resistant tumours comprising approximately 13% of all epithelial ovarian cancers, which have distinct clinical and molecular features, when compared to other gynaecological malignancies. At present, there are no specific licensed targeted therapies for OCCC, although a number of candidate targets have been identified. This review focuses on recent knowledge underpinning our understanding of the pathogenesis of OCCC including direct and synthetic-lethal therapeutic strategies in particular focussing on ARID1A deficiency. We also discuss current targeted clinical trials and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/etiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/therapy
- Biomarkers
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/etiology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/therapy
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease Management
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genomics/methods
- Humans
- Mutation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translational Research, Biomedical
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khalique
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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75
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Cao J, Yan Q. Cancer Epigenetics, Tumor Immunity, and Immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:580-592. [PMID: 32610068 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and chromatin structure regulation, are critical for the interactions between tumor and immune cells. Emerging evidence shows that tumors commonly hijack various epigenetic mechanisms to escape immune restriction. As a result, the pharmaceutical modulation of epigenetic regulators, including 'writers', 'readers', 'erasers', and 'remodelers', is able to normalize the impaired immunosurveillance and/or trigger antitumor immune responses. Thus, epigenetic targeting agents are attractive immunomodulatory drugs and will have major impacts on immuno-oncology. Here, we discuss epigenetic regulators of the cancer-immunity cycle and current advances in developing epigenetic therapies to boost anticancer immune responses, either alone or in combination with current immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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76
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Brahm CG, van Linde ME, Enting RH, Schuur M, Otten RH, Heymans MW, Verheul HM, Walenkamp AM. The Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Neuro-Oncology: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030586. [PMID: 32143288 PMCID: PMC7139638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), as a novel treatment modality, has transformed the field of oncology with unprecedented successes. However, the efficacy of ICI for patients with glioblastoma or brain metastases (BMs) from any tumor type is under debate. Therefore, we systematically reviewed current literature on the use of ICI in patients with glioblastoma and BMs. Prospective and retrospective studies evaluating the efficacy and survival outcomes of ICI in patients with glioblastoma or BMs, and published between 2006 and November 2019, were considered. A total of 88 studies were identified (n = 8 in glioblastoma and n = 80 in BMs). In glioblastoma, median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all studies were 2.1 and 7.3 months, respectively. In patients with BMs, intracranial responses have been reported in studies with melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The median intracranial and total PFS in these studies were 2.7 and 3.0 months, respectively. The median OS in all studies for patients with brain BMs was 8.0 months. To date, ICI demonstrate limited efficacy in patients with glioblastoma or BMs. Future research should focus on increasing the local and systemic immunological responses in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrillo G. Brahm
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.E.v.L.); (H.M.W.V.)
| | - Myra E. van Linde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.E.v.L.); (H.M.W.V.)
| | - Roelien H. Enting
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Maaike Schuur
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - René H.J. Otten
- University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Martijn W. Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Henk M.W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.E.v.L.); (H.M.W.V.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek M.E. Walenkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-3612821; Fax: +31-50-3614862
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Kassab MA, Yu LL, Yu X. Targeting dePARylation for cancer therapy. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:7. [PMID: 32010441 PMCID: PMC6988220 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-0375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) mediated by poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Suppression of PARylation by PARP inhibitors impairs DNA damage repair and induces apoptosis of tumor cells with repair defects. Thus, PARP inhibitors have been approved by the US FDA for various types of cancer treatment. However, recent studies suggest that dePARylation also plays a key role in DNA damage repair. Instead of antagonizing PARylation, dePARylation acts as a downstream step of PARylation in DNA damage repair. Moreover, several types of dePARylation inhibitors have been developed and examined in the preclinical studies for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress on the role of dePARylation in DNA damage repair and cancer suppression. We expect that targeting dePARylation could be a promising approach for cancer chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Ahmad Kassab
- 1Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Lily L Yu
- Westridge School, 324 Madeline Dr., Pasadena, CA 91105 USA
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- 1Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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Hu G, Tu W, Yang L, Peng G, Yang L. ARID1A deficiency and immune checkpoint blockade therapy: From mechanisms to clinical application. Cancer Lett 2020; 473:148-155. [PMID: 31911080 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A, also known as BAF250a) is a chromatin remodeling gene, which frequently mutates across a broad spectrum of cancers with loss expression of the ARID1A protein. Recently, the association between ARID1A deficiency and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has been reported. ARID1A deficiency contributes to the high microsatellite instability phenotype, increases tumor mutation burden, elevates expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and modulates the immune microenvironment, supporting the view that ARID1A loss might serve as a predictive biomarker for ICB. Furthermore, the therapeutic targeting strategies, which show "synthetic lethality" with ARID1A deficiency, exhibit potential synergy with ICB. We collectively reviewed the mechanisms underlying the correlation between ARID1A deficiency and ICB, the predictive function of ARID1A deficiency for ICB, and potential combined strategies of targeting agents, vulnerable for ARID1A deficiency, with ICB in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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79
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Functions of N6-methyladenosine and its role in cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:176. [PMID: 31801551 PMCID: PMC6892141 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the most prevalent internal modification on eukaryotic mRNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that m6A modulates gene expression, thereby regulating cellular processes ranging from cell self-renewal, differentiation, invasion and apoptosis. M6A is installed by m6A methyltransferases, removed by m6A demethylases and recognized by reader proteins, which regulate of RNA metabolism including translation, splicing, export, degradation and microRNA processing. Alteration of m6A levels participates in cancer pathogenesis and development via regulating expression of tumor-related genes like BRD4, MYC, SOCS2 and EGFR. In this review, we elaborate on recent advances in research of m6A enzymes. We also highlight the underlying mechanism of m6A in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Finally, we review corresponding potential targets in cancer therapy.
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80
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Prokunina-Olsson L. Genetics Helps to Find Synergy for Immune Checkpoint and Targeted Combination Therapies. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5476-5478. [PMID: 31676676 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-PD-L1 therapy, emerged as a treatment option for many cancer types, albeit with limited response rates. Combinations of immune-based and -targeted therapies are needed to achieve synergistic antitumor effects and provide much needed treatment personalization and improved response. Genetic alterations can be used as molecular drug targets and as biomarkers to select patients for specific therapies and their combinations. Fukumoto and colleagues present a promising example of this approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer with inactivating ARID1A mutations using a combination of the checkpoint and histone deacetylase inhibitors.See related article by Fukumoto et al., p. 5482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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